University of Kirkuk

College of Engineering
Civil Department

Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement

2nd stage A

Darawan Obaid Ramadan

Experiment No: 3
Group No: A1
Date of experiment:
Tuesday, December 4, 2018
Date of delivery:
Wednesday, December 11, 2018
Introduction
The effect of hydrostatic pressure is of major significance in many areas of engineering,
such as shipbuilding, the construction of dykes, weirs and locks, and in sanitary and
building services engineering.
The device that we use is hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05) shown in figure 1
OBJECTIVE
With the HM 150.05 Hydrostatic Pressure Apparatus, the following key topics can be
investigated by experimentation:
 Pressure distribution in a liquid taking into account gravity.
 "Lateral force" of the hydrostatic pressure.
 Centre of pressure of the lateral force.

Figure 1 Hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05)

Theory
The hydrostatic pressure of liquids is the "gravitational pressure" Phyd. It rises due to the
intrinsic weight as the depth t increases, and is calculated
From: 𝜌ℎ𝑦𝑑 = 𝜌 × 𝑔 × 𝑡

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

Devices and tools used

 Tube
 Hydrostatic pressure (HM 150.05)
1. Water vessel.
2. Detent.
3. Slider.
4. Stop pin.
5. Water level scale.
6. Rider.
7. Weights.
8. Handles.
All parts of this device shown in figure below

Figure 2 Schematic of Hydrostatic Pressure (HM 150.05)

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

PROCEDURE
1. First we tend the water vessel on a given alpha (𝛼)
2. Before adding water we read the value of 𝑆𝑡 (lowest water level) and 𝑆ℎ (highest
water level).
3. Check the bench is leveled properly with the use of spirit level.
4. Add a small mass (typically 1N) to the weight hanger.
5. Get tap water using tube and fill up the flotation tank.
6. Fill the floatation tank with water initially until the balance arm rises. Avoid wetting
the balance arm or the quadrant above the water level in the tank.
7. Continue to add water until the balance arm is horizontal, checking this by aligning
the flat of the balance arm with the central mark on the level indicator.
8. When the arm is horizontal, read the depth of immersion from the scale on the face
of the quadrant.
9. Repeat the above procedure for different load increments by adding further weights
to the weight hanger.
10. Continue until the water level reaches the top of the upper scale on the quadrant
face.
11. Repeat the procedure in reverse, by progressively removing the weights.

Results and calculating

𝜶 > 𝟎, 𝜶 = 𝟐𝟎°
1. Case 1 𝑆 < 𝑆ℎ , 𝑆 < 108𝑚𝑚
Reading No: 1
𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡 100 − 15
𝐿= ⇒𝐿= ⇒ 𝐿 = 90.45 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
𝐿 90.45
𝑒= ⇒𝑒= ⇒ 𝑒 = 15.075 𝑚𝑚
6 6
𝐿 90.45
𝐿𝐷 = 200 − ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 200 − ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 169.85 𝑚𝑚
3 3
𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 ( ) (𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 )
2
0.085
⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 ( ) (0.09045 × 0.075) ⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 2.828 𝑁
2
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 2 × 260 = 520 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚 ,
𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 2.828 × 169.85 = 480.335 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

2. case 2 𝑆 > 𝑆ℎ , 𝑆 > 108𝑚𝑚

Reading No: 2
𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡 112 − 15
𝐿= ⇒𝐿= ⇒ 𝐿 = 103.22 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
2 2
1 (100) 1 (100)
𝑒= × ⇒𝑒= × ⇒ 𝑒 = 15.658 𝑚𝑚
12 𝐿 − 50 12 103.22 − 50
𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 𝑒 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 15.658 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 165.658 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 (𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡 − 0.05(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼))(𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 )

⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 (0.112 − 0.015 − 0.05(𝑐𝑜𝑠20°))(0.1 × 0.075)

𝐹𝑃 = 3.752 𝑁
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 2.5 × 260 = 650 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 3.752 × 165.658 = 621.548 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
Reading No: 3
𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡 137 − 15
𝐿= ⇒𝐿= ⇒ 𝐿 = 129.82 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
2 2
1 (100) 1 (100)
𝑒= × ⇒𝑒= × ⇒ 𝑒 = 10.440 𝑚𝑚
12 𝐿 − 50 12 129.82 − 50
𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 𝑒 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 150 + 10.440 ⇒ 𝐿𝐷 = 160.44 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 = 𝛾 (𝑆 − 𝑆𝑡 − 0.05(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼))(𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 )

⇒ 𝐹𝑃 = 9810 (0.137 − 0.015 − 0.05(𝑐𝑜𝑠20°))(0.1 × 0.075)

𝐹𝑃 = 5.591 𝑁
𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 = 3.5 × 260 = 910 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 = 5.591 × 160.44 = 897.020 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

 All results are shown in next page table.

Title angle 𝛼 (°) Lowest water level 𝑆𝑡 (𝑚𝑚) Highest water level 𝑆ℎ (𝑚𝑚)
30 15 108

L 𝑭𝑮 S e 𝑳𝑫 𝑭𝑷 𝑭𝑮 . 𝑳 𝑭 𝑷 . 𝑳𝑫
mm 𝑵 mm mm 𝒎𝒎 𝑵 𝑵. 𝒎𝒎 𝑵. 𝒎𝒎
260 2 100 15.075 169.85 2.828 520 480.335
260 2.5 112 15.658 165.658 3.752 650 621.548
260 3.5 137 10.440 160.44 5.591 910 897.020

 The graph of these results are shown below.

Relationship between Fg and Fp

1000 910
900
800
650
700
Fg .L=N.mm

600 520
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Fp.Ld=N.mm

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Darawan Obaid Ramadan 2nd stage A

Discussion
There are different cases in hydrostatic pressure such as horizontal, vertical and inclined
they all have same principle the different is the value of 𝛼 .
In this experiment, we studied one of the cases when𝛼 > 0 , first tend the water vessel
then we balanced the device and then we add weights and water one by one. After that,
we read the value of water level when the device the bubble is in the center, we repeat the
steps but with different weights and water level and so on.
The value of 𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 and 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 must be equal but because an amount of error such as
the device is not balanced correctly or the bubble was not in center when we read the
value of water level S, the graph of the relationship between 𝐹𝐺 × 𝐿 and 𝐹𝑃 × 𝐿𝐷 shows
that there is a direct proportional between 𝐹𝐺 and 𝐹𝑃 .

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