Ir.

Philip Goh, MEC Engineers

Y
DESIGN OF PILED CAPS X X
To determine that the Numbers of Piles and the Working Capcity
of Each Pile is Satisfactory
To determine Main Rebars for Pilecaps

Design Criteria
y X
(1) All loads for determination of pile nos to be based on Service Loads
(2) Assume all Piles to be same size and shape
(3) Assume all Piles are laidout in Symmetry about Y-Y and X-X axes
(4) All Forces vis: Vertical, Horizontal, Moments are at Pile Head level
(5) Horizontal Force can be resolved into Horizontal & Moment
(6) All Loads will be taken by Piles V
* Vertical Loads taken by Vertical Component My
* Horizontal Loads taken by Pile Head Shear and/or Raking components Hx
* Moments is taken by Vertical Opposing Reaction
Refer FIG 1

LOADINGS
Assume the following Loads are all Service Loads (without load factors)
Assume the Loads are Applied at Pile Heads Level P1
Any Horizontal Force will be translated to Moment & Shear at Pile Head Refer FIG 1

* Total Axial Load (SLS) V = 2002.5 KN

* Total Horizontal Force (SLS) Hx = 247.5 KN
* Total Moment (SLS) My = 499.5 KNM

PILE SPACINGS
Assume Piles are spaced unifomly and centroid of pile group is at center
(for pile group not at centroid, calc to be made to determine centroid)
Assume Piles are of the same uniform size
Rotation about Y-Y (Consider y=1.5m)
* 2nd Moment of Area of Pile Group about Y-Y
> No of Piles in the Group (assume equal size) = N = 2 nos/1.5m run
Distance of each Pile from Centroid of Group
Pno X X2
P1 1.05 1.10 <-- Outer mosts
P2 1.05 1.10 <-- Outer mosts
P3 0 0.00
P4 0 0.00
P5 0 0.00
P6 0 0.00
P7 0 0.00
P8 0 0.00
4 4
*2nd Mom Area > 2.20 M (or Moment of Inertia) Iyy = 2.20 M

Maximum Load on Piles

Max Loads on Piles will be in the Our Most Piles, Comp & Tension
Assume Vertical Loads carried equally by all Piles
* Axial Load on pile due to Vertical Load Only= P=V/N P = 1001 KN/pile
* Pile self Load (assume 600mm RC Wp = 224 KN/pile
Total Axial Load Pt = 1225 KN/pile

70cal-Rev1-2010.xls/Design of Pile Cap

 Ir. Philip Goh, MEC Engineers

* Axial Loads on pile due to Bending Moment Only

M * Xm
Pm =
Iyy
Where Pm= Load on Pile due to Moment
M= Applied Moment on Pile Group
Xm = Distance of Pile from Centroid
From above, M = 499.5 KNM
Xm = 1.05 M
4
Iyy = 2.2 M
>> Pm = 238.40 KN/ piles

Total Piles Loads Maximum Load = Pmax = P + Pm1 Pmax = 1463 KN/pile

Minimum Load = Pmin = P-Pm1 Pmin = 987 KN/pile

Pile capacity = 2 x Pile Loads (2 or 3)

Factor of Safety for Pile Loads= Fp = 2
Pile Designed Capacity = Pc = Pc = 2926 KN/pile

Check Shear of Piles at Ultimate Loads

* Total Shear Force (ult) H = 247.5 KN
* shear force/pile ------------------> = 123.75 KN
* Cross-Sectional Area of Piles D=600mm pi*0.3^2 A = 0.283 m2
* shear stress/m run ---------------> S 0.437 N/mm2

REINFORCEMENTS
Check Analysis based on Truss Analogy

0.5* N * a
T=
d
Where
T= Tension in the bottom bars
N= Applied Ultimate Loads
a = dictance from edge of Column Load to Center of Pile
d = effective depth of beam or pile cap
Conside Per Metre Run
N N = 2126 KN
a refer dwg a = 0.65 M
d Pile depth - 100-50-25/2 (assume 25mm rebars)
* Pile Depth = 1800 d = 1.6375 M

Tension in Bars = T from above equation T = 421.954 KN

T
Area of Steel = As As =
0.87 * fy
fy = steel yield assume 410N/mm2
As = area of stee/metre run As = 1054.36 mm2/m run

Min steel = 0.15% Cross-sectional Area

Cross-sectional area d= 1.64 M
w= 1 m Asmin = 1637.5 mm2/m run
Use T20 - 150 cts As=2100mm2

70cal-Rev1-2010.xls/Design of Pile Cap

 Ir. Philip Goh, MEC Engineers

Check design based on Bending due to Ultimate Pile Capacity

Consider Pilecap width of 1.5m (as pile spacing)

* Ultimate Pile Load 2 x Working Load = 2.0 x 1500KN Pu = 3000 KN/pile
* Ult Moment abot face of Column/Abutment wall
* Distance of Pile Center to face (from above) a = 0.65 M
* Ult Mom = Mult Mu/1.5m = 1950 KNM (per 1.5m)
Mu/1m = 1300 KNM (per M)

* Calc Lever Arm

 = Mu
Z
fcu * b * d 2

fcu = 30 N/mm2
b = 1000 mm
from above--> d = 1638 mm
Z' = 0.02646
from z' chart ---> Z = 0.95

Area of Steel
Mu
As =
0.87 * fy * Z '* d
fy = 460 N/mm2

Area of Steel/m run As = 2088.15 mm2/M run

Use T20 - 150 cts As=2100mm2

70cal-Rev1-2010.xls/Design of Pile Cap