Indian Maritime University

BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE

Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems

Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum
2) Static electricity & bonding wire
3) Intrinsic safety
4) Gas sampling equipment
5) Gas freeing, Tank entry & Tank cleaning
6) Ship / shore safety check-list
7) Pressure vacuum valves
8) Emergency shut down system
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Safety on tankers

1.4.1
Hazards of petroleum

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

• Flammability
• Density
• Toxicity
• Caustic effect
• Effect on sense of smell
• Oxygen deficiency

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

1) Flammability

Petroleum gas can be ignited and will burn

when mixed with air in certain proportions.

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

2) Density

The gases from many petroleum liquids are

heavier than air or inert gas. Thus these gases
tend to accumulate at the lower levels of a
compartment.

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

3) Toxicity

Small quantities of petroleum gas, when

inhaled, can cause symptoms of diminished
responsibility, dizziness, headache and impaired
sight. Larger quantity of inhaled gas can lead
to death.

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

4) Caustic effect

Many petroleum products vapor cause skin

irritation when in direct contact with skin. It can
also cause harmful effects on eyes, nose and
throat and can lead to breathing difficulties.

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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

5) Effect on sense of smell

In some cases the gases impair the sense of

smell. Thus the person may not be able to
detect the gas if he relies on being able to
smell the gas. The absence of the smell of
gas should never be taken as the absence of
gas.
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 Indian Maritime University
BNA 023 CARGO HANDLING & STOWAGE
Block no. 1 Cargo handling and Care
Unit No. 1 Cargo pumps and Piping Systems
Topic 1.4 Safety on tankers

1) Hazards of petroleum

6) Oxygen deficiency

The gases along with the inert gas in the compartment

may displace oxygen from the compartment. Thus a
person will gasp for life sustaining air and will become
unconscious and die due to lack of sufficient oxygen.

Even if revived, irreversible damage to the brain may

take place due to lack of oxygen to the brain even for
a few minutes.
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