10/29/2018

Magnetostatics:
Boundary Conditions
EE3321
Electromagnetic Field Theory

Outline

• Boundary conditions for tangential fields

• Boundary conditions for normal fields
• Law of refraction for magnetic flux

Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 2

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Deriving Boundary Conditions

Just like we did for electrostatic fields, we will derive our
boundary conditions using Maxwell’s equations in integral form.

 
I   H  d  Boundary conditions for tangential
magnetic fields.
L

 
 B  ds
0 Boundary conditions for normal
magnetic fields.
S

Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 3

Boundary
Conditions for
Tangential Fields

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Analysis Setup
1 1 Let’s examine the interface
between two materials with a
surface current at the
 
H1,n  interface.
H1  K
H1,t
We wish to examine the

 relation between magnetic

H 2,t
n̂12
H 2,n H2 fields on either side of the
interface, so that if one is
known the other can be
calculated.
It will be useful to separate
the field on either side of the
2 2 interface into tangential and
normal components.
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 5

Derivation of Tangential BCs

1 1 Apply the following integral to
a closed path spanning some
section of the interface.
 
H1,n   
H1  K I   H  d 
H1,t a
L
 b
 d b
  0   c  

H 2,t
n̂12 h K w   H  d    H  d    H  d 
H 2,n H2 w c
a b 0
d
  0   a  
 H  d    H  d    H  d 
c d 0

h h
 H1,t w  H1,n  H 2,n
2 2
h h
2 2  H 2,t w  H 2,n
2
 H1,n
2

Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 6

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Derivation of Tangential BCs

1 1 Cancel like terms with
opposite sign.
h h
K w  H1,t w  H1,n  H 2,n
 
H1,n  2 2
H1 
H1,t K a h h
 H 2,t w  H 2,n  H1,n
 b 2 2

H 2,t  n̂12
d
h
H 2,n H2 w c  H1,t w  H 2,t w

K  H1,t  H 2,t

From this, we conclude that

  
2 2
 
H1  H 2  nˆ12  K

Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 7

Derivation of Tangential BCs

1 1 Apply the constitutive relation
to get the boundary condition
for B.
    
H 

H1,n
H1 
H1,t K a 1  H 2  ˆ
n12  K
 b  

H 2,t  n̂12
d
h  B1 B2  
H 2,n H2 w c
    nˆ12  K
 1 2 

2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 8

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Derivation of Tangential BCs

1 1 In the absence of a surface
current K, the boundary
conditions reduce to
 
H1,n 
H1 
H1,t K a  

H1,t  H 2,t
b

H 2,t  n̂12
d
h
H 2,n H2 w c  
B1,t B2,t

1 2

2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 9

Boundary
Conditions for
Normal Fields

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Derivation of Normal BCs

1 1 Apply the following surface
integral to a pillbox spanning
the interface.
 
S  
 B  ds
B1,n
B1  0
B1,t S


B2,t  Separate the closed-surface
 h
B2,n B2 integral into three separate
surface integrals.
     
0   B  ds   B  ds   B  ds
top bottom sides

2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 11

Derivation of Normal BCs

1
In the limit as h  0
     
0   B  ds   B  ds   B  ds
top bottom sides
 
B1,n S
B1 
B1,t
 B1,n S  B2,n S



B2,t  h The boundary condition is
B2,n B2 that the normal component of
B is continuous across the
interface.
 
B1,n  B2,n
2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 12

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Derivation of Normal BCs

1
Apply the constitutive relation
to get the boundary condition
for H.  
 
B1,n S B1,n  B2,n
B1 
B1,t  
 1 H1,n  2 H 2,n

B2,t  h
B2,n B2 The normal component of H is NOT
continuous across the interface, but
the product of H is.

2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 13

Law of Refraction
for Magnetic Flux

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Analysis Setup
1 1 
B1
We want a single equation
that relates 1, 2, 1, and 2

 B1,n
without any field quantities in
H1 
1 
H1,n the equation.

B1,t
 H1,t
H2
2

H 2,n
Given the angles 1 and 2,
 the field components can be
B2 
H 2,t 

B2,t
B2,n
written as

H1  H1,t aˆt  H1,n aˆn
  H1 sin 1  aˆt   H1 cos 1  aˆn

H 2  H 2,t aˆt  H 2,n aˆn
  H 2 sin  2  aˆt   H 2 cos  2  aˆn
2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 15

Derivation of Refraction Law

1 1 
B1
Apply the boundary
conditions for tangential

 B1,n
components.
H1 
1 
H1,n
 H1,t  H 2,t
B1,t
 H1,t
H2  H1 sin 1  H 2 sin  2
 2 H 2,n

B2 


B2,t
H 2,t
B2,n Apply the boundary
conditions for normal
components.
1 H1,n  2 H 2,n
1 H1 cos 1  2 H 2 cos  2

2 2
Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 16

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Derivation of Refraction Law

1 1 
B1
We now have
 H1 sin 1  H 2 sin  2
B1,n
 1 H1 cos 1  2 H 2 cos  2
H1 
H1,n
1  
 H1,t B1,t Divide these equations to get
H2 
 2 H 2,n H1 sin 1 H 2 sin  2
 
B2 H 2,t  1 H1 cos 1 2 H 2 cos  2
 B2,n
B2,t
Simplify
tan 1 tan  2

1 2
2 2 This is NOT Snell’s law.

Magnetostatics -- Boundary Conditions Slide 17