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TUGAS IT ETIOLOGY/HARM

BLOK IKM/IKK

Dosen Pengampuh :
dr. Achmad Ridwan, MO, MSc

Disusun Oleh :
Livia Hanisamurti
712018045

SMF ILMU KESEHATAN KOMUNITAS


FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH
PALEMBANG
2020
s
A. SKENARIO
Sally, an 18 year old female, has just been diagnosed with a deleterious mutation of
the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1). She has recently started taking oral
contraceptives. She asks you if taking oral contraceptives will increase her risk of early onset
breast cancer and whether she should change to another form of contraception.

B. PERTANYAAN KLINIS
1. PICO
P: Young females with an inherited BRCA1 gene mutation
I: Oral contraceptives
C: No oral contraceptives or another form of contraception
O: Increased risk of early onset breast cancer
2. Answerable Question
In young women with an inherited BRCA1 gene mutation, will taking oral
contraceptives increase the risk of early onset breast cancer?

C. SEARCH STRATEGY
 Keyword: BRCA1 AND breast AND cancer AND contraception
 Article type: All

PUBMED
 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11). November 2008
 Effect of Reproductive Factors and Oral Contraceptives on Breast Cancer Risk
in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers and Noncarriers: Results from a Population-
Based Study
 Eunjung Lee, Huiyan Ma, Roberta McKean-Cowdin, David Van Den Berg, Leslie
Bernstein, Brian E. Henderson, and Giske Ursin
D. CRITICAL APPRAISAL

User’s Guide Article:

Are the result valid?


Did the experimental and control groups begin the study with a similar prognosis?
Aside from the exposure of interest, did the exposed and control groups start and finish
with the same risk for the outcome?

Did the investigators demonstrate Tidak aplikabel karena studi desain yang
similarity with respect to all known digunakan merupakan case control.
determinants of outcome; did they adjust
for differences in the analysis.

For case-control studies: Were exposed Ya, baik case maupun control, keduanya
patients equally likely to be identified in memiliki kemungkinan yang sama untuk
the two groups? konsumsi kontrasepsi oral karena
karakteristik kedua kelompok sama,
khususnya karakteristik baseline termasuk
bahasa yang digunakan, usia, ras, tempat
tinggal, dan riwayat tidak terdiagnosis kanker
payudara sebelum index diagnosis.
Did the experimental and control groups retain a similar prognosis after the study
started?
Were the outcomes and exposures Ya, untuk menentukan paparan faktor risiko
measured in the same way in the groups (kontrasepsi oral) dan outcome (kanker
being compared? payudara) sama pada kedua grup,
pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara
wawancara langsung menggunakan kuisioner
terstruktur yang dimodifikasi dari Women’s
Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences
Study.
Was follow-up sufficiently complete? Tidak aplikabel karena studi desain yang
digunakan merupakan case control.
What are the results?
How strong is the association between Nilai OR pada pasien dengan BRCA1 dengan
exposure and outcome? konsumsi kontrasepsi oral adalah 0,55. Dari
hasil ini hubungan antara kontrasepsi oral
dan kanker payudara bersifat protektif (OR<
1), namun hubungan ini tidak mencapai nilai
statistic yang signfikan.
How precise is the estimate of risk? Nilai Confident Interval (CI 95%) = 0,22-
1,39. Jadi interval OR di populasi lebar,
sehingga tidak bermakna secara statistic.
How can I apply the results to my patient care?

Were the study patients similar to my Ya, pada penelitian populasi merupakan
patient? wanita produktif, ras kulit putih (hampir
mencapai 94%), dan merupakan seorang
carrier mutasi BRCA1. Karakteristik ini sama
dengan pasien saya.
Was the duration of follow-up adequate? Tidak aplikabel karena studi desain yang
digunakan merupakan case control.
Should I attempt to stop the exposure? Tidak, karena dari hasil penelitian tersebut
menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kontrasepsi
oral pada carrier mutasi BRCA1 memiliki
asosiasi protektif secara klinis namun tidak
ada asosiasi yang signifikan secara statistik.

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