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Ram Structural Report
Ram Structural Report
NID
NID
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
AWARDED BY
BY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this structural thesis report entitled NID submitted by Mr./Miss
N.V.RAMA REDDY , Roll No. 16C01C4017 , currently in fifth year B.Arch, during the
academic year 2018-2019 in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelors in
Architecture from Jawaharlal Nehru technological University is a record of bonafide work
to the best of my / our knowledge and may be placed before the examination board for their
consideration.
I express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ar. SANDEEP sir for his timely discussion and
encouragement, which has enable me to complete my Thesis.
I would also thanks to my co- guides Ar.SAMANTH sir & PRASSANA mam for their
valuable suggestions given at different stages and inspiration throughout the project work.
I would like to express my special thanks to my Parents who encouraged me all the time to
complete my Thesis.
DEDICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................................................4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................................. 5
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................................... 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................. 7
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................ 11
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................................... 11
ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................................12
UNITS:..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT............................................................................................. 14
GRAVITY LOAD CALCULATION.............................................................................................................................. 18
DEAD LOAD...........................................................................................................................................................18
LIVE LOAD.............................................................................................................................................................18
LATERAL LOAD................................................................................................................................................... 18
Methods and tools for analysis.........................................................................................................................................19
COSIDERATIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 20
CODES USED......................................................................................................................................................... 20
LOADS............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
STRUCTURAL REPORT .............................................................................................................................................. 21
ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................................. 21
DESIGN METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................... 21
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................ 22
1. CEMENT............................................................................................................................................................. 22
2. AGGREGATES................................................................................................................................................... 22
SIZE OF AGGREGATE..........................................................................................................................................22
3. REINFORCEMENT............................................................................................................................................ 22
4. CONCRETE.........................................................................................................................................................22
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AREA..................................................................................................................................... 23
• BUILT UP AREA..................................................................................................................................................23
• PLINTH AREA..................................................................................................................................................... 23
• FLOOR AREA...................................................................................................................................................... 23
• CARPET AREA.................................................................................................................................................... 23
• SUPER BUILT UP AREA.................................................................................................................................... 23
SET BACK.......................................................................................................................................................................24
ADVANTAGE OF SET-BACK.............................................................................................................................. 24
PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING BUILDING BYE-LAWS.............................................................................................. 24
BUILDING BYE-LAWS FOR INSTITUTIONAL AREA.....................................................................................25
DESIGN OF SLAB..........................................................................................................................................................27
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................28
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 28
SPAN RATIO.......................................................................................................................................................... 28
EFFECTIVE SPAN(lx)............................................................................................................................................29
EFFECTIVE SPAN(ly)............................................................................................................................................29
DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE........................................................................................................ 30
DEPTH REQUIRED................................................................................................................................................31
TENSION REQUIREMENT................................................................................................................................... 31
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................31
REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP................................................................................................................... 33
TENSIONAL REINFORCEMENT.........................................................................................................................33
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION..................................................................................................................................34
DESIGN OF BEAM........................................................................................................................................................ 36
BEAM 01 & 03........................................................................................................................................................ 36
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................36
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM.................................................................................................................................36
EFFECTIVE SPAN................................................................................................................................................. 36
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 36
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE.............................................................................................................37
CHECK FOR DEPTH..............................................................................................................................................37
MAIN REINFORCEMENT.....................................................................................................................................37
TENSION REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 37
HANGER BARS......................................................................................................................................................38
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................ 38
BEAM 02 & 04........................................................................................................................................................ 40
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................40
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM.................................................................................................................................40
EFFECTIVE SPAN................................................................................................................................................. 40
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 40
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE.............................................................................................................41
CHECK FOR DEPTH..............................................................................................................................................41
MAIN REINFORCEMENT.....................................................................................................................................41
TENSION REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 42
HANGER BARS......................................................................................................................................................42
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................ 42
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................43
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION..................................................................................................................................43
DESIGN OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................. 45
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................45
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................45
UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE..................................................................................................................................45
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 45
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 46
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................47
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR..........................................................................................................................47
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR.........................................................................................................................48
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 49
DESIGN OF FOOTING.......................................................................................................................................... 50
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................50
UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE..................................................................................................................................50
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 51
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 51
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR..........................................................................................................................52
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR.........................................................................................................................53
DEVELOPMENTLENGTH ................................................................................................................................... 54
DESIGN OF FOOTING.......................................................................................................................................... 55
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................55
UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE..................................................................................................................................55
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 55
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 56
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR..........................................................................................................................57
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR.........................................................................................................................58
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 59
COLUMN 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Design for column type C1...................................................................................................................................... 60
COLUMN 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Design for column type C2:..................................................................................................................................... 62
COLUMN 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Design for column type C3:..................................................................................................................................... 64
COLUMN 4..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Design for column type C4:..................................................................................................................................... 66
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Τc Shear Stress
B Width
D Effective Depth
d′ Effective Cover
D Overall Depth
e Structure Eccentricity
h Height of building
I Moment of Inertia
L Length of Member
M Bending Moment
V′ Additional Shear
ABBREVIATIONS
IS Indian Standard
Force KN
Moment KN-m
Length m
Bar Dia. mm
Spacing mm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
LOCATION : AMARAVATI,
NO. OF STOREY : 2
BASEMENT : 3.5M
FLAT ROOF
COLUMN HEIGHT : 17 M
TYPE OF COLUMN :
1) 300X600MM(INTERIOR COLUMN )
2) 300X600MM(EXTERIOR COLUMN)
REINFORCEMENT : FE415
There are three types of loads for which are considered in this analysis.
1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Lateral load
DEAD LOAD
Dead load consists of the self-weight of the column, beam, slab and wall. Dimensions of column, beam, and
slab weretaken from preliminary design. For wall load, thickness of wall was taken from plan,deduction of
opening was done according to the average size of opening in the outer and inner walls and deduction was
not made in solid wall. In the case of the partition wall in the middle of slab, the total weight of the wall was
calculated as
LIVE LOAD
Live load was determined by using code for design loads (IS 875:2000 part 2) for various
LATERAL LOAD
Lateral load acting in the building is earthquake/seismic load and wind load. Earthquake load is determined
by calculating lumped mass at floor level and horizontal base shear (IS 1893). It was done by Seismic
Coefficient Method. Wind load (IS 875 Part 3) is obtained by design wind speed and design wind pressure.
Earthquake load being the pre-dominant one between the two lateral loads, hence its effect was only
considered. For the analysis of earthquake load
Methods and tools for analysis
CODES USED
LOADS
The loads on the structural elements are derived as follows:
DEAD LOAD (Self weight) = Volume (L X B X D) X 25 kN/cu.m
(IS 875 - I: Unit weight of concrete = 25kN/cu.m)
RESIDENTIAL = 2kN/m2
COMMERICAL = 4kN/m2
TERRACE ACESSABLE = 1.5kN/m2
NON ACESSABLE = 0.75kN/m2 (IS: 875-PART-II)
LIVE LOAD (Inaccessible roof load) = 0.75 kN/sq.m
FLOOR FINISH = 1kN/m2 TO 1.5kN/m2
STRUCTURAL REPORT
ANALYSIS
Slab loads will be transferred to beams as per equivalent UDLs by triangular load analysis and
Beams are analysed as continuous beams and bending moments are derived using Table 12 & 13 in
IS 456.
Whenever equal spans and equal loads are present, a prototype beam is analysed and adopted for remaining
beams.
Reactions from continuous beams are calculated and cumulated to get total load on the column base.
Grouping is done for columns based on loads and footings are designed accordingly.
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
After analysing the structure for bending moments, shear force and reactions, design is done using
1. CEMENT
2. AGGREGATES
Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of IS 383. As far as possible, preference shall be
SIZE OF AGGREGATE
The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate should be as large as possible within the limits
specified, but in no case greater than 1/4th the thickness of the member.
Where there is no restriction to the flow of concrete into sections, 40 mm or larger size may be
permitted.
3. REINFORCEMENT
Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars confirming to IS 432 (Part 1)
4. CONCRETE
Walls are finished with 12 mm thick plaster on its smooth side and 15 mm plaster on its
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AREA
• BUILT UP AREA
• PLINTH AREA
• FLOOR AREA
• CARPET AREA
BUILT UP AREA
“The area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level”
• It is also known as covered area. Details to be included Details not to be included Basement Steps Building
Structure Otta Ramps Kundi Swimming pool Soak pit Reservoir Fountain Chimney Manhole Water
purification plant Water tank
PLINTH AREA
Means the built-up covered area measured at the floor level of the basement or of any storey. Area to be
included in plinth area Area not to be included in plinth area Area of walls at floor level excluding plinth
offset, external area of projecting cladding. Additional floor to accommodate seats in theatre, assembly hall,
or auditorium Cover of stair Balcony Barsati Curvature provided to improve appearance Machine room
Platform without cover terrace above floor Porch without cantilever Dome, tower at terrace, spiral stairs
CARPET AREA
“it is net usable area within building”. Means the net area within a unit of a building excluding walls or
columns, service areas such as washrooms, kitchen and pantry, semi- open spaces such as veranda or
balcony, and corridors or passages.
FLOOR AREA
• It including,
• Porch
• Stairs
23
SET BACK
ADVANTAGE OF SET-BACK
Classifying the building with unit as a family and mentioning the requirement.
Classify rooms according use and then specifying minimum standard of each room with respect to size,
height, floor area, ventilation and light.
24
BUILDING BYE-LAWS FOR INSTITUTIONAL AREA
• Size of plots
• Area limitation
• Margin
• Plinth height
• Basement
• Compound wall
• Projection margin
• Parapet wall
• Mezzanine floor
• staircase
25
DESIGN OF SLAB
Slab dimensions(c/c) = 7.07x5.55m
Slab is two way
26
DESIGN OF SLAB
Slabs are to be designed under limit state method by reference of IS 456:2000.
• When the slab is supported in two-way direction it acts as two way supported slab.
27
DATA
LOADS
fck = 25n/mm2
fy = 415n/mm2
Self wt of slab = 1m x 1m x 0.15m x 25kn/m
= 3.75kn/m2
Floor finish = 1kn/m2
In accesible roof = 0.75kn/m2
Total load = 5.5 kn/m2
Factored load(wl) = T.LX1.5 =5.5X1.5
= 8.25kn/m2
SPAN RATIO
= 5.5
20x1.43
d = 0.194m
= 194mm-200mm
28
EFFECTIVE SPAN(lx)
EFFECTIVE SPAN(ly)
29
DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035
Muy(-ve) = αy(-)wlx2
= 0.047x 8.25 xx 5.452
= 11.52kn.m
Muy(+ve) = αy(+)wlx2
=0.035x 8.25 x 5.452
=8.58kn.m
8.25x5.45
2
= 22.5kn
30
DEPTH REQUIRED
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
15.56x106 = 0.138x25x1000xd2
D2 = 4510.147
D = 67.157 < 200mm
TENSION REQUIREMENT
SPACING
1) S = Ast x 1000
Ast
S = 50.265 X 1000
219.481
=229.02mm
2) S = 3d
= 3x200
=600mm
3) S = 300mm
Hence provide 8mm bars with 220mm c/c
Along shorter span positive moment
31
Mux = 0.87x fy x ast d (1- fy ast
Fck bd
Ast = 165.121mm2
Spacing
1) S = ast/Ast x 1000
2) S = 3D
3X200
600mm
3) S = 300mm
1) S = ast/Ast x 1000
32
= 50.625 X 1000 = 404mm
125.12
2) s = 3d
= 3x192 = 576mm
3) S = 300mm
0.12 X (1000X225)
100
=270mm2
Spacing
Ast = π x 82 = 50.265mm2
4
2) S = 5d
=5x200 = 1000mm
3) S = 450mm
TENSIONAL REINFORCEMENT
=3/4 x 270
=202.5mm2
Spacing
l =5450
Dpro 200
=27.25
For s.s slabs l/d ratio is 20
Pt = 100ast
Bd
Ast = π x 82 =50.265mm2
4
FS = 0.58 fy
Modification value =2
l
Dmax =20x2
= 40>27.25
34
DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 1 Length of span = 7m
BEAM 2 Length of span = 5m
35
DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 01 & 03
DATA
Length of span = 7m
Trapzoidal load from slab = 8.25kn/m
Fy = 415N/mm2
Fck = 20N/mm2
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM
l =10
d
d = l = 7/10 = 0.7m
10
=700mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN
LOADS
Self.wt of beam = b X d X c
= 16.375 X 1.5
= 24.562kn/m
MU = WUl2
8
24.562 X 7
8
= 150.442 kn.m
VU = WUl
2
= 24.562 X 7
2
= 85.967 kn
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Ast = 0.36fck Xu b
0.87fy
= 2010.137 mm2
No. Of bars = 5
Ast = 5 x π/4 x 262
= 2261.946mm2
HANGER BARS
Pt = 100Ast
bd
Pt - Tc
1.00 - 0.39
1.25 - 0.42
= 0.402 N/mm2
v > c
Hence it is safe
Consider 8mm dia bars
38
SPACING
I) Sv = 0.87fyasv
0.4b
(l/d) = 10
Pt = 1.1%
FS = 0.58 X fy
= 0.58 X 415 = 240.7 N/mm2
Kt = 0.95
Kc = 1.5
Kf = 1
= (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf
39
BEAM 02 & 04
DATA
Length of span = 5m
Trapzoidal load from slab = 10.5kn/m
Fy = 415N/mm2
Fck = 20N/mm2
l =10
d
d = l = 5/10 = 0.2m
10
=500mm
EFFECTIVE SPAN
LOADS
Self.wt of beam = b x d x c
40
Factored load(WU) = total load + factory of safety
= 18.125 X 1.5
= 27.187kn/m
MU = WUl2
8
27.187 X 52
8
= 84.96 kn.m
VU = WUl
2
= 27.187 X 5
2
= 68 kn
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
MU < MU lim
Under reinforced
41
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Ast = 0.36fck Xu b
0.87fy
= 1435.812 mm2
HANGER BARS
= 68 X 103 = 0.45N/mm2
300 X 500
Pt = 100Ast
bd
Pt - Tc
1.00 - 0.39
1.25 - 0.42
Hence it is safe
Consider 8mm dia bars
SPACING
Sv = 0.87fyasv
0.4b
(l/d)max = (l/d) X Kt x Kc x Kf
For s.s beams (l/d)max = 20
(l/d) = 10
Pt = 1.1%
FS = 0.58 X fy
= 0.58 X 415 = 240.7 N/mm2
Kt = 1
Kc = 1.75
Kf = 1
= (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf
= 14 X 1 X 1.75 X 1 = 17.75
44
DESIGN OF FOOTING
DATA
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B2 = 1.1 X 175
200
B = 0.96 = 0.98
~ 1m
Provide 1mx1m footing
Apro 1m
2
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2)
8
= 16.078kn.m
45
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
d = 76.316mm ~ 150mm
d = 2d
= 2 x 150 = 300mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast
Ast = 150mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 102 = 78.54mm2
Ast = 2 x π x 102
4
= 157.1mm2
46
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
β = b/b = 1/1 = 1
Ast = 157.1mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 102 = 78.54mm2
S = ast x B
Ast
= 12.153kn
47
u = vu/bd
Pt = 100ast
Bd
From table 19
u = 0.28 n/mm2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
u< c
u = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
u = 262.5 12 - (0.3+0.3)2
4(0.3+0.3)0.3
=233.33kn/m2
=0.233n/mm2
p > 1.11
Hence satisified
48
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4 bd
bd = 60% OF 1.12
Ld = 0.87 X 415
4 X 1.92
= 47.012mm
49
DESIGN OF FOOTING
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B = 1.375 = 1.2
1.2 ~ 1.5 m
Provide 1mx1m footing
37.5
1.5 X 1.5
= 166.67kn/m2
50
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2) X B
8
= 45kn.m
d = 104mm ~ 150mm
d = 2d
= 2 x 150 = 300mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast
Ast = 432.73mm2
No of bars
Dia = 16mm
51
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
β = l/b = 1.5/1.5 = 1
Ast = 603.2mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 75kn
52
u = vu/bd
75 X 103 = 0.17N/mm2
1500 X 300
Pt = 100ast
Bd
From table 19
u = 0.28 n/mm 2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
u< c
p = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
=437kn/m2
=0.437n/mm2
p > 0.25
Hence satisified
53
DEVELOPMENTLENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4 bd
bd = 60% OF 1.12
Ld = 0.87 X 415
4 X 1.92
= 47.012mm
54
DESIGN OF FOOTING
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B = 1.48 = 2.2
1.48 ~ 1.5 m
Provide 1.5m x 1.5m footing
600 = 266.67kn/m2
1.5 X 1.5
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2) X B
8
55
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
d = 131.87mm ~ 140mm
d = 2d
= 2 x 140
= 280mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast
Ast = 739.204mm2
No of bars
Dia = 16mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.0mm2
56
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
β = l/b = 1.5/1.5 = 1
Ast = 804.2mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 132kn
57
u = vu/bd
P t = 100ast
Bd
From table 19
u = 0.28 n/mm2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
u< c
p = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
=785.56kn/m2
=0.785n/mm2
p > 0.25
58
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4 bd
bd = 60% OF 1.12
= 47.01mm
Hence satisified
59
COLUMN 1
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
Consider Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Ag = 14,018 mm2
60
Required area of steel = 140.18 mm2
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
∅
쳌
= 쳌
= 3mm
mm
61
COLUMN 2
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
Consider Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Ag = 24,532.71 mm2
62
Required area of steel = 245.33 mm2
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12 mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
∅
쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
mm
63
COLUMN 3
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
Consider Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Ag = 35,046.7 mm2
64
Required area of steel = 350.5 mm2
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12 mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
∅
쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
mm
65
COLUMN 4
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
Consider Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Ag = 56,074.76 mm2
66
Required area of steel = 560.74 mm2
Therefore, provide 5 bars of 12 mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
∅
쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
mm
67