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Development of Follicle - Ovulation: Menstrual Cycle 1.ovarian Cycle
Development of Follicle - Ovulation: Menstrual Cycle 1.ovarian Cycle
1.ovarian cycle
-development of follicle
-ovulation
2. Uterine cycle
-hypothalamus secrete GnRH causes anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH ,these pituitary
hormones control maturation of ovarian follicles which initially made up of primary oocyte
surrounded by theca and granulosa cell, the hormones secreting cell of ovary
1st 10 days
-Theca cell develop receptor and bind to LH and secrete androstenedione, androgen hormone.
-Granulosa cell develop receptor and bind FSH and produce enzyme aromatase. Aromatase converts
androstenedione into 17 beta estradiol,which is member of oestrogen family
Days 10-14
-Granulosa cell begin to develop LH receptors.As follicles grow and oestrogen is released into
bloodstream, increased oestrogen levels act as negative feedback, so that pituitary secrete less
FSH.As a result,decrease FSH production,some of follicle in ovary will stop growing ,regress and die
off.The follicle that has the most FSH receptors will continue to grow become the dominant follicle
that will undergo ovulation.This dominant follicle continue to secrete oestrogen, and rising
oestrogen level make pituitary more responsive to the pulsatile action of GnRH from
hypothalamus.As oestrogen increases the dominant follicle become positive feedback signal makes
the pituitary secrete a lot of FSH and LH in respons to GnRH.The surge of FSH and LH happens 1-2
days before ovulation and is responsible for stimulating the rupture of ovarian follicle and release of
oocyte.
MENSTRUAL PHASE
-average 5 days
- old endometrium lining from previous cycle is shed and eliminate through vagina produce bleeding
pattern known as the menstrual period
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
-under the influence of progesterone, uterus enters into secretory phase .Spiral arteries continues to
grow and uterine gland begin to secrete mucus.After day 15 of the cycle, optimal window for
fertilisation begin to close,the cervical mucus starts to thicken and become less hospitable to the
sperm.Corpus luteum gradually degenerates into corpus albicans, so oestrogen and progesterone
low.When progesterone reaches its low level the spiral artery collapse and the functional layer of
endometrium prepare to shed through menstruation.Shedding marks the beginning of new
menstrual cycle and another opportunity for fertilisation