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Introduc On: Renee Perona, B.S. & Abbie Olszewski, PH.D., CCC-SLP University of Nevada, Reno
Introduc On: Renee Perona, B.S. & Abbie Olszewski, PH.D., CCC-SLP University of Nevada, Reno
Introduc On: Renee Perona, B.S. & Abbie Olszewski, PH.D., CCC-SLP University of Nevada, Reno
•
CAS
is
a
neurological,
sensorimotor
childhood
speech
sound
disorder.
Authors
&
Research
Design
Purpose
Par*cipants
Dependant
Variable(s)
Results
Children
with
CAS
have
difficulty
programming
and
sequencing
the
movements
required
for
speech
(ASHA
Technical
Report,
2007).
Dale
&
Hayden
(2013)
To
document
the
effects
of
PROMPT
treatment
N
=
4
•
Correct
producFon
(CP)
of
target
CP
from
baseline
to
post
+
follow-‐up:
on
motor
behavior,
arFculaFon,
and
speech
words
NAP
(non-‐overlap
of
all
pairs)
data
for
change
Experimental
intelligibility
for
children
with
CAS.
Ages:
3;6
-‐
4;8
Group
1
(FP)
Child
1:
1.0
(large
effect)
•
There
is
some
disagreement
in
the
literature
about
whether
CAS
is
Child
2:
0.94
(large
effect)
solely
a
motor
planning
disorder
or
has
a
linguisFc
plus
motoric
pathology
Single
subject,
mulFple
baseline
design
To
evaluate
the
use
of
full
PROMPT
(FP)
when
CAS
Group
2
(FWP)
Child
1:
1.0
(large
effect)
(Edeal,
2011,
p.95).
across
treatments:
compared
to
PROMPT
treatment
without
TKP
Child
2:
0.86
(medium
effect)
Group
1
(FP):
ABB
cues
(FWP)
for
children
with
CAS.
Due
to
the
small
number
of
data
points
in
each
phases,
•
The
motoric
theory
proposes
that
treatment
focuses
on
improving
the
Group
2
(FWP):
ACB
design
these
results
should
be
considered
suggesFve.
child’s
motor
planning
skills
using
approaches
based
on
the
principles
of
learning.
Edeal
&
Gildersleeve-‐Neumann
(2011)
To
explore
the
importance
of
producFon
frequency
during
speech
therapy
to
determine
N
=
2
•
Correct
producFon
(CP)
of
target
words
CP
in
(ModF)
versus
(HiF):
Child
1
PND:
ModF
100%
Experimental
•
The
linguisFc
theory
proposes
that
treatment
for
CAS
be
designed
to
improve
that
child’s
linguisFc
skills
by
targeFng
phonological
awareness.
(AB)
design
whether
more
pracFce
of
speech
targets
leads
Single
subject,
alternaFng
treatment
to
increased
performance,
as
well
as
motor
learning.
This
study
compared
high
frequency
Ages:
6;4
&
3;4
CAS
HiF
100%
Effect
size
between
treatments:
d
=
1.59
(large)
Child
2
PND:
ModF
89%
(HiF)
to
moderate
frequency
(ModF)schedules
of
HiF
100%
•
Due
to
the
debate
in
the
literature
it
is
uncertain
which
theory
is
treatment.
Effect
size
between
treatments:
d
=
1.62
(large)
correct
and
therefore
which
treatment
is
appropriate.
McNeill,
Gillon,
&
Dodd
(2009)
To
invesFgate
the
effecFveness
of
an
integrated
N
=
12
•
Suppression
of
two
targeted
TPEP
results
from
pre-‐
to
post-‐
test
measures:
Purpose
The
purpose
of
this
research
project
was
to:
Experimental,
Single
subject,
mulFple
baseline,
phonological
awareness
approach
to
improve
the
speech
producFon,
lePer
knowledge
and
phonological
awareness
skills
of
children
with
Ages:
4;0
-‐
7;0
phonological
error
paPerns
(TPEP)
Target
1:
(t(11)
=
7.01,
p
<
0.001)
Target
2:
(t(11)
=
5.47,
p
<
0.001)
Determine
if
treatment
based
on
motor
principles
of
learning
leads
to
greater
speech
accuracy
and
improvements
of
speech
error
paPerns
for
children
with
childhood
apraxia
of
speech
(CAS)
as
compared
to
linguisFc
alternaFng
treatment
(AB)
design
Moriarty
&
Gillion,
(2006).
CAS.
To
invesFgate
the
effecFveness
of
an
integrated
CAS
N
=
3
•
Suppression
of
targeted
phonological
TPEP:
phonological
awareness
intervenFon
on
speech
error
paPerns
(TPEP)
Child
1:
TPEP
from
63%
to
92%
post
tx
(PND
100%)
approaches
of
treatment.
Clinical
Scenario
Experimental
producFon,
phonological
awareness
and
Single-‐subject,
mulFple
baseline
across
decoding
skills
for
children
with
CAS.
Ages:
6;3
-‐
7;3
Child
2:
TPEP
from
63%
to
100%
post
tx
(PND
100%)
Child
3:
No
significant
change,
no
results
reported
behaviors
CAS
• MarFn
is
a
5;5
year
old
male
with
a
CAS
diagnosis
being
seen
at
the
UNR
Murray,
McCabe,
Ballard
(2014)
To
present
a
systemaFc
review
of
single-‐case
N
=
23
•
High
quality
(valid
and
reliable),
single
•
Motor
based
treatment:
23
parFcipants,
21
were
reported
to
Speech
and
Hearing
Clinic
by
a
graduate
clinician.
experimental
treatment
studies
for
children
with
case
experimental
design
studies
demonstrate
posiFve
treatment
effects,
a
staFsFcal
analysis
was
SystemaFc
Review
provided
for
17
parFcipants
CAS.
Ages:
<
18
years
• MarFn
has
been
in
speech
therapy
since
early
intervenFon
but
gains
and
CAS
•
Linguis*c
based
treatment:
21
parFcipants,
17
were
reported
improvements
are
slow.
to
demonstrate
posiFve
treatment
effects
and
a
staFsFcal
analysis
was
provided
for
16
parFcipants
• He
has
a
severe
arFculaFon
deficit,
exhibits
inconsistent
vowel
and
consonant
subsFtuFons
and
distorFons
and
demonstrates
persistent
use
of
age-‐inappropriate
phonological
processes.
Discussion
References
External
evidence
• His
phoneFc
inventory
is
restricted
and
his
intelligibility
is
severely
American
Speech-‐Language-‐Hearing
AssociaFon.
(2007).
Childhood
apraxia
of
speech
•
The
strongest
evidence
and
most
replicable
improvements
are
based
on
the
principles
of
motor
learning.
[Technical
report].
Available
from
www.asha.org/policy.
reduced
due
to
these
errors.
•
There
is
very
liPle
evidence
related
to
specifically
treaFng
CAS
from
a
linguisFc
standpoint
(specifically
Dale,
P.,
&
Hayden,
D.
(2013).
TreaFng
speech
subsystems
in
childhood
apraxia
of
speech
with
• His
clinician
is
aware
of
the
motor
and
linguisFc
approaches
to
integrated
phonological
awareness
therapy)
but
studies
have
showed
improvement
using
this
technique.
tactual
input:
The
PROMPT
approach.
American
Journal
of
Speech
Language
Pathology,
treatment
for
CAS
but
is
curious
to
determine
which
is
most
efficacious
22(4),
644-‐661.
doi:10.1044/10580360(2013/12-‐0055)
for
MarFn.
•
The
evidence
points
to
use
of
motor
approaches
to
address
the
specific
speech
paPerns
of
children
with
Edeal,
D.
M.,
&
Gildersleeve-‐Neumann,
C.
(2011).
The
importance
of
producFon
frequency
in
CAS,
however,
it
is
important
for
clinicians
to
be
aware
of
the
linguisFc
(phonological)
aspects
of
CAS
.
therapy
for
childhood
apraxia
of
speech.
American
Journal
of
Speech-‐Language
Method
Pathology,
20(2),
95-‐110.
doi:10.1044/10580360(2011/09-‐0005)
Search
terms:
Pa*ent
preferences
McNeill,
B.
C.,
Gillon,
G.
T.,
&
Dodd,
B.
(2009).
EffecFveness
of
an
integrated
phonological
Childhood
apraxia
of
speech
and:
treatment
frequency,
produc7ons,
motor
learning,
phonology,
prac7ce,
linguis7c
treatment
•
MarFn’s
parents
are
eager
to
see
communicaFve
gains
in
their
son
and
are
discouraged
by
his
slow
awareness
approach
for
children
with
childhood
apraxia
of
speech
(CAS).
Child
Language
Teaching
and
Therapy,
25(3),
341-‐366.
doi:10.1177/0265659009339823
improvements
to
this
point.
They
are
willing
to
work
with
the
clinician
using
whichever
approach
will
be
Electronic
databases:
most
beneficial
for
MarFn.
Moriarty,
B.
C.
&
Gillion,
G.
T.
(2006).
Phonological
awareness
intervenFon
for
children
with
PubMed
childhood
apraxia
of
speech.
Interna7onal
Journal
of
Language
&
Communica7on
Disorders,
41
(6),
713-‐734.
doi:10.1080/13682820600623960
Web
of
Science
Academic
Search
Premiere
EBP:
Final
decision
•
I
will
focus
treatment
on
motor
learning
principles,
using
mulF-‐modal
techniques
and
high
frequency
Murray,
E.,
McCabe,
P.,
&
Ballard,
K.
J.
(2014).
A
systemaFc
review
of
treatment
outcomes
for
children
with
childhood
apraxia
of
speech.
American
Journal
of
Speech-‐Language
•
•
Ten
arFcles
were
appraised
and
evaluated
for
validity
and
reliability
by
feedback.
AddiFonally,
some
focus
will
be
directed
on
improving
phonological
awareness
skills.
Pathology,
23(3),
486-‐504.
Retrieved
from:
two
raters
unFl
at
least
90%
interrater
agreement
was
met.
hPp://ajslp.pubs.asha.org/arFcle.aspx?arFcleid=1850425
Five
arFcles
were
selected
to
support
research
quesFon.