European Standard Norme Européenne Europäische Norm: Final Draft Fpren 15316-4-5

EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-4-5

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016
ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.30 Will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation

of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 4-5: District heating and cooling, Module M3-8-5, M4-
8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5
8
-0
Systèmes de chauffage et systèmes de refroidissement Heizungsanlagen und Wasserbasierte Kühlanlagen in
12
à eau dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der
6-
besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der
01
Partie 4-5: Réseaux de chaleur et de froid Anlagen - Teil 4-5: Fernwärme und Fernkälte
2
st
m
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
ko
CEN/TC 228.
en
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
je
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
bi
ie
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
at
rm
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
fo
in
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
de
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
or
United Kingdom.
vo
T
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
EP
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

C
N
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
O
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

C
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs
Downloaded: 2016-11-08
Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited
FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8
4 Symbols and subscripts ................................................................................................................................ 9
5 Indicators ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
8
5.2 Output data ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
-0
12
5.3 Input data and calculation time step..................................................................................................... 10
6-
6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators ............................................................. 10
01
6.1 Simplified approach .................................................................................................................................... 10
2
6.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 10
st
m
6.1.2 Single-output district energy systems .................................................................................................. 11
ko
6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems.................................................................................................... 11

en
6.2 Detailed calculation rules ......................................................................................................................... 12

je
6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

bi
6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules .................................................................................................... 13

ie
at
6.2.3 Distribution-related calculation rules.................................................................................................. 18

r m
7 Calculation of energy source indicators .............................................................................................. 19

fo
in
7.1 Renewable energy ratio ............................................................................................................................. 19

de
7.2 Waste heat ratio............................................................................................................................................ 20

7.3 Cogenerated heat ratio............................................................................................................................... 20
or
vo
8 Report ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
T
EP
Annex A (normative) Template for choices, input data and references ................................................. 21
A.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 21
C
N
A.2 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

O
A.3 Default values for energy carriers ......................................................................................................... 22

C
A.4 Distribution systems ................................................................................................................................... 22

A.5 Reference values .......................................................................................................................................... 23
A.6 Method selection .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Annex B (informative) Default choices, input data and references .......................................................... 24
B.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
B.2 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
B.3 Default values for energy carriers ......................................................................................................... 25
B.4 Distribution systems ................................................................................................................................... 26
B.5 Reference values .......................................................................................................................................... 27
B.6 Default method selection .......................................................................................................................... 27
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 29

2 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited
FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
European foreword
This document (FprEN 15316-4-5:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228
“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
This document will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
The revision keeps the main principles of the calculation unchanged but the structure of the document
was changed. Informative content was removed to the accompanying Technical Report
prCEN/TR 15316-6-8. The provisions cover also other energy carriers than heat now.
8
-0
12
For the calculation of cogeneration units additional methods have been introduced so specific electricity
6-
values can be calculated if required.
2 01
Calculation methods to determine energy source indicators like the renewable energy ratio have been
st
added.
m
ko
en
The main changes compared to EN 15316-4-5:2007 are:

je
bi
a) informative content was removed to the accompanying technical report FprCEN/TR 15316-6-8;
ie
at
m
b) provisions now also cover other energy carriers than heat;

r
fo
in
c) Annex B contains a set of default values for energy flows and carriers that are specific for district
de
heating systems and are thus not covered by the building specific standards.
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited 3
FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Introduction
This European Standard is part of a series of standards aiming at international harmonization of the
methodology for the assessment of the energy performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these choices.
Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
Use by or for regulators: In case the standard is used in the context of national or regional legal
requirements, mandatory choices may be given at national or regional level for such specific
applications. These choices (either the informative default choices from Annex B or choices adapted to
8
national / regional needs, but in any case following the template of this Annex A) can be made available
-0
as national annex or as separate (e.g. legal) document (national data sheet).
12
6-
NOTE So in this case:
2 01
— the regulators will specify the choices;
st
m
— the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use
ko
the choices made by the regulators.

en
je
Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same
bi
ie
topics can override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics
at
can even, for certain applications, override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are
m
in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and
r
fo
difficult updating of double documents, a national annex may refer to the legal texts where national
in
choices have been made by public authorities. Different national annexes or national data sheets are
de
possible, for different applications.

or
vo
It is expected, if the default values, choices and references to other EPB standards in Annex B are not
followed due to national regulations, policy or traditions, that:
T
EP
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional
C
values, according to the model in Annex A. In this case the national annex (e.g. NA) refers to this
N
O
text;
C
— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a national
annex in agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give
national or regional values and choices.
Further target groups are parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building
energy performance for a dedicated building stock.
More information is provided in the Technical Report accompanying this standard
(FprCEN/TR 15316-6-8).
EPB set of standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system
sizing) to provide the building services considered in the EPBD.
The subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are the following:
— design of heating systems (water based, electrical, etc.);

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
— installation of heating systems;
— commissioning of heating systems;
— instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;
— methods for calculation of the design heat loss and heat loads;
— methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.
Heating systems also include the effect of attached systems such as hot water production systems.
All these standards are systems standards, i.e. they are based on requirements addressed to the system
as a whole and not dealing with requirements to the products within the system.
Where possible, reference is made to other European or International Standards, a. o. product
standards. However, use of products complying with relevant product standards is no guarantee of
8
compliance with the system requirements.
-0
12
The requirements are mainly expressed as functional requirements, i.e. requirements dealing with the
6-
function of the system and not specifying shape, material, dimensions or the like.
01
The guidelines describe ways to meet the requirements, but other ways to fulfil the functional
2
requirements might be used if fulfilment can be proved.
st
m
Heating systems differ among the member countries due to climate, traditions and national regulations.
ko
In some cases requirements are given as classes so national or individual needs may be accommodated.
en
je
In cases where the standards contradict with national regulations, the latter should be followed.
bi
ie
This European Standard specifies the calculation of indicators that characterize district energy systems.
at
The majority of district energy systems in Europe are district heating systems, but the basic principles
rm
will also be applied on other energy carriers, e.g. district cooling. The indicators are required for the
fo
in
calculation of the energy performance of buildings that are connected to district energy systems.
de
This European Standard was developed during the first EPBD mandate and the first version was
or
published in 2007.
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard defines the determination of energy indicators of district energy systems.
District energy systems may be district heating, district cooling or other district energy carriers.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the
modular structure as set out in prEN ISO 52000-1.
NOTE In prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the
relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB more than one module and one module may
be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a standard may cover a simplified and a detailed method
respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.
Table 1 — Position of EN 15316–4-5 within the modular structure

Building (as
08
Overarching Technical Building Systems
such)
2-
Dehumidification1
-
automation and
Humidification
16
Domestic Hot
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
SUbmodule
production
Ventilation
Electricity
Building
20
Lighting
Heating
ko Cooling
control
water
st
m
en
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11

je
bi
15316– 15316
ie
1 General General General

1 –1
at
m
Common
r
fo
terms and
Building
in
definitions; 12831
2 Energy Needs
de
symbols, units –3 ?
Needs
and
or
subscripts
vo
(Free)
T
Indoor Maximum
EP
12831– 12831
3 Applications Conditions Load and
1 –3
C
without Power
N
Systems
O
C
Ways to Ways to Ways to

Express Express Express 15316– 15316
4
Energy Energy Energy 1 –1
Performance Performance Performance
Building Heat
categories Transfer by Emission and 15316–
5 15316–2
and Building Transmissio control 2
Boundaries n
Heat
Building
Transfer by
Occupancy Distribution 15316– 15316
6 Infiltration 15316–3
and Operating and control 3 –3
and
Conditions
Ventilation

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Building (as
such)
Dehumidification
automation and
Humidification
Domestic Hot
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
SUbmodule
production
Ventilation
Electricity
Building
Lighting
Heating
Cooling
control
water
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Aggregation 15316
of Energy –5
Internal Storage and 15316–
7 Services and
Heat Gains control 5 15316
Energy
Carriers –4-3
Building Solar
8 Generation
zoning Heat Gains
8
-0
Combustion 15316– 15316
12
8–1
boilers 4-1 –4-1
6-
15316– 15316– 15316
01
8–2 Heat pumps
4-2 4-2 –4-2
2
st
Thermal m
solar 15316– 15316 15316
8–3
ko
4-3 –4-3 –4-3
Photovoltaics
en
je
On-site 15316– 15316 15316

8–4
bi
cogeneration 4-4 –4-4 –4-4

ie
at
District
15316– 15316– 15316 15316
m
8–5 heating and

4-5 4-5 –4-5 –4-5
r
cooling
fo
in
Direct
15316– 15316
de
8–6 electrical
4-8 –4-8
heater
or
vo
Wind 15316
8–7
turbines –4-10
T
EP
Radiant
15316–
C
8–8 heating,
N
4-8
stoves
O
C
Load
Building
Calculated dispatching
Dynamics
9 Energy and
(thermal
Performance operating
mass)
conditions
Measured Measured Measured
15378– 15378
10 Energy Energy Energy
3 –3
Performance Performance Performance
15378– 15378
11 Inspection Inspection Inspection
1 –1
Ways to
Express
12 – BMS
Indoor
Comfort

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Building (as
such)
Dehumidification
automation and
Humidification
Domestic Hot
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions
SUbmodule
production
Ventilation
Electricity
Building
Lighting
Heating
Cooling
control
water
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
External
13 Environment
Conditions
Economic 15459
14
Calculation –1
a The shaded modules are not applicable.
8
-0
12
2 Normative references
6-
2 01
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
st
m
ko
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
en
prEN ISO 52000-1:2015, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1:
je
General framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1:2015)

bi
ie
at
3 Terms and definitions

m r
fo
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the
in
following apply.
de
3.1
or
vo
allocation factor heat

indicator that represents the share of energy input to a CHP unit that is allocated to the CHP heat output
T
EP
3.2
C
N
energy source indicator

O
numerical quantity that characterizes the origin of an energy carrier

C
3.3
multi-input generation unit
energy conversion device that is fuelled by two or more energy carriers at the same time
EXAMPLE Waste incinerator incl. gas-burner for ignition, coal boiler with co-firing of wood-pellets or sewage
sludge, steam turbine connected to multiple boilers by a common steam header.
3.4
multi-output system
system that delivers two or more services, products or energy carriers through the system boundary
EXAMPLE A cogeneration unit with electricity as output 1 and heat as output 2, a production process with a
product as output 1 and waste heat as output 2, a production process with a product as output 1 and a residual
fuel as output 2.

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
3.5
single-output system
system that delivers a single energy carrier through the system boundary
3.6
waste heat
heat that would be wasted if not used in a district heating system or heat from fuel that would be waste
if not used for heat-generation
4 Symbols and subscripts

For the purposes of this standard, the symbols and subscripts given in prEN ISO 52000-1:2015 and the
specific symbols listed in Table 2 and Table 3 apply.
Table 2 — Symbols and units
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
8
-0
α allocation factor -
12
6-
σ power to heat ratio -
01
CHR
2
cogenerated heat ratio -
st
WHR waste heat ratio
m -
ko
en
Table 3 — Subscripts
je
bi
Subscript Term Subscript Term

ie
at
chp combined heat and power mos multi-output system

rm
fo
cm cogeneration mode ncm non-cogeneration mode

in
des district energy system ref reference

de
or
mig multi-input generation device sos single-output system

vo
T
EP
5 Indicators
C
N
O
5.1 General
C
This standard provides calculation rules to determine system specific indicators as well as default
values that can always be used instead of calculating. System specific indicators are more accurate than
default values. Using system specific values shall be preferred to using default values if the required
data for a detailed calculation is available.
5.2 Output data
The output data of this standard are listed in Table 4:

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Table 4 — Output data
Description Symbol Unit Intended

destination
module
Energy performance indicators
primary energy factor fP;des - M1–7
emission factor fCO2;des - M1–7
Energy source indicators
renewable energy ratio RERdes - M1–7
waste heat ratio WHRdes - M1–7
cogenerated heat ratio CHRdes - M1–7
8
-0
12
The calculation methods for energy performance indicators are described in Clause 6. The calculation
6-
methods for energy source indicators are described in Clause 7.
01
5.3 Input data and calculation time step
2
st
m
All indicators of a district energy system shall be determined with the same energy data, system
ko
boundaries and time step. The calculation methods are time-step independent and valid for measured
en
and calculated energy.

je
bi
Existing schemes shall be calculated using the energy data from the last three years. If the system set-up
ie
at
or the fuel input mix has been changed within the last three years the calculation may be based on the
m
energy data from at least one year. Retrofitted existing schemes and new schemes that were recently
r
fo
put into operation but are not yet operating according to the final operating conditions may be
in
calculated also using the design conditions and manufacturing data.

de
The energy delivered by a district energy system may be the energy input to another district energy
or
system.
vo
T
6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators

EP
C
6.1 Simplified approach

N
O
C
6.1.1 General
The district energy system is regarded as a black box (see Figures 1 and 2). The energy performance
indicators are determined as the ratio of weighted energy input to the system and energy delivered
from the system. A template for default values is given in Table A.2. Informative default values can be
found in M1-7 and Table B.2.

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
6.1.2 Single-output district energy systems
Key
A system boundary 1 energy input to the system Ein
B energy consumer 2 energy delivered from the system Edel
Figure 1 — Single-output district energy system as a black box
8
-0
∑ Ein;cr ⋅ f we;cr
12
f we;des = cr
(1)
6-
∑ Edel
2 01
st
where m
ko
fwe;des weighting factor of the district energy system;
en
Ein;cr energy content of input to the system of energy carrier cr;

je
bi
fwe;cr weighting factor of energy carrier cr;

ie
at
Edel delivered energy;

rm
fwe;cr shall be calculated separately. This calculation shall also be in line with Formula (1) and the
fo
in
choices about the included overheads according to M1-7. Default values can be found in M1-7 and B.3.
de
6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems

or
vo
Multi-output generation systems like cogeneration units or trigeneration of heating, cooling and
T
electricity deliver more than one energy carrier. The energy carriers can be delivered to the same area
EP
or a different area or to another energy system. If the energy carriers are delivered to different areas or
C
different systems the exported weighted energy is counted as a bonus (see Figure 2). It represents the
N
avoided production in the external system or area.

O
C

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Key
A system boundary 1 energy input to system Ein
B energy consumer 2 energy delivered from the system Edel
3 exported energy Eexp
Figure 2 — Multi-output district energy system with exported energy
8
-0
12
∑ Ein;cr ⋅ f we;cr − Eexp ⋅ f we;exp
6-
f we;des = cr
01
(2)
∑ Edel
2
st
m
where
ko
en
Eexp energy exported to an external system or area;

je
fwe;exp weighting factor of the exported energy;

bi
ie
fwe;exp shall be calculated separately. Default values shall be specified in the format given in A.3.
at
m
Informative default values can be found in M1-7 and B.3.

r
fo
6.2 Detailed calculation rules

in
de
6.2.1 General
or
vo
For these calculations additional information about the district energy system is required, i.e. it is not
T
regarded as a black box. These detailed calculation rules are divided into generation-related rules and
EP
distribution-related rules (see Figure 3).

C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Key
A system boundary district energy system 1 energy input generator 1 Ein;gen1
B system boundary generation part 2 energy input generator 2 Ein;gen2
C system boundary distribution part 3 energy output generator 1 Eout;gen1
D generation device 1 4 energy output generator 2 Eout;gen2
8
-0
E generation device 2 5 delivered energy Edel
12
F network pump or compressor 6 distribution related loss Edis;ls
6-
01
Figure 3 — Major elements of a district energy system
2
st
m
6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules
ko
en
6.2.2.1 Cogeneration of heat and power

je
bi
6.2.2.1.1 General
ie
at
m
CHP units can operate in full cogeneration mode, in non-cogeneration mode or in mix/hybrid mode.
r
fo
Thus the energy flows can include heat from non-cogeneration mode as well as electricity from non-
in
cogeneration mode (see Figure 4).

de
EXAMPLE Extraction condensation steam turbine.

or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Key
A CHP unit 6 electricity from non-cogeneration
Eel;ncm
mode
1 fuel input Ein 7 electricity from cogeneration mode Eel;cm
8
-0
2 electricity-related fuel for non- Ein;el;ncm 8 heat from cogeneration mode
12
Qcm
cogeneration mode
6-
01
3 electricity-related fuel for cogeneration Ein;el;cm 9 heat from non-cogeneration mode
Qncm
2
mode
st
m
Ein;T;cm
ko
4 heat-related fuel for cogeneration mode 10 electricity produced by cogeneration
Eel;pr
unit
en
je
heat-related fuel for non-cogeneration Ein;T;ncm

bi
5 11 heat produced by cogeneration unit

Qpr
ie
mode
at
r m
Figure 4 — Energy flows of a CHP unit

fo
in
de
NOTE Only Quantities 1, 10 and 11 can be measured during mix/hybrid mode.

or
vo
Electricity that is not related to the heat production shall not have any distorting impact on the energy
T
performance indicator of the produced heat. Heat that is not related to the electricity production shall
EP
not have any distorting impact on the energy performance indicator of the produced electricity.
C
N
For the calculation methods in 6.2.2.1.3, 6.2.2.1.4, 6.2.2.1.5.3, 6.2.2.1.6.2, 6.2.2.1.6.3, 6.2.2.1.6.4 and
O
6.2.2.1.6.6 the heat-related energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode (quantities 5 and 9 in Figure 4)
C
shall be excluded. Subclause 6.2.2.1.2 shall be applied in these cases.

For the calculation methods in 6.2.2.1.5.2, 6.2.2.1.6.3, 6.2.2.1.6.4 and 6.2.2.1.6.5 the electricity-related
energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode (quantities 2 and 6 in Figure 4) shall be excluded from the
calculation of the heat-related energy flows. Subclause 6.2.2.1.3 shall be applied in these cases.
6.2.2.1.2 Heat-related energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode
This clause shall be applied if the CHP unit facilitates the production of non-cogenerated heat.
EXAMPLE Auxiliary firing integrated in a heat recovery boiler of a gas turbine, steam turbine with a bypass
to the condenser.
Qncm
= Qpr − Qcm (3)

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Qncm
Ein;T;ncm = (4)
ηT;ncm
where
ηT;ncm thermal efficiency of the non-cogeneration mode
6.2.2.1.3 Identifying the operation mode of the electricity production
If ηchp;tot < ηref;tot the CHP unit shall be considered to be operating at least sometimes in non-cogeneration
mode or in mix/hybrid mode and the CHP part shall be determined according to 6.2.2.1.4.
If ηchp;tot ≥ ηref;tot the CHP unit operates in cogeneration mode and the determination according to
6.2.2.1.4 is obsolete.
Eel;pr + Qcm
hchp;tot = (5)
Ein − Ein;T;ncm
8
-0
12
where
6-
01
ηchp;tot total efficiency of the CHP unit;
2
ηref;tot reference total efficiency. Values shall be specified in the format given in Table A.9.
st
m
Informative default values can be found in Table B.9.
ko
6.2.2.1.4 Electricity-related energy flows of the cogeneration mode

en
je
In mix/hybrid mode Eel;cm and Ein;cm cannot be measured directly. They shall be calculated by:
bi
ie
= Qcm ⋅ σ
Eel;cm
at
(6)
rm
fo
where
in
de
σ power to heat ratio of the CHP unit in full cogeneration mode

or
Eel;ncm
= Eel;pr − Eel;cm (7)
vo
T
Eel;ncm
EP
Ein;cm =
Ein − − Ein;T;ncm (8)
C
ηel;ncm
N
O
C
where
ηel;ncm electric efficiency of the CHP unit in non-cogeneration mode.
6.2.2.1.5 Weighting factors for heat
6.2.2.1.5.1 General
There are several methods to determine the weighting factors of a district heating system that includes
a CHP unit. The heat-related CHP fuel Ein;T cannot be measured directly. Thus the weighting factors shall
be calculated by one of the following methods. Method selection criteria can be found in Table A.11.
Informative default methods can be found in Table B.11.
6.2.2.1.5.2 Power bonus method
Ein;cm and Eel;cm shall be integrated into the numerator of Formula (2). Eel;cm replaces Eexp.

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
6.2.2.1.5.3 Power loss simple method
The power loss simple method can be applied if the heat is extracted from a condensation turbine. Due
to heat extraction the CHP unit produces less electricity ΔEel.
∆Eel = Ein ⋅ηel;ncm − Eel;pr (9)
The heat-related part of the weighted energy input to the CHP unit is represented by the term:
ΔEel · fwe;el;exp.
This term shall be integrated into the numerator of Formula (1).

6.2.2.1.6 Weighting factors for heat and electricity
6.2.2.1.6.1 General
The methods in this clause facilitate the determination of weighting factors of both heat and electricity.
8
The energy input to the CHP unit shall be divided into a heat-related part and an electricity-related part.
-0
12
For the calculation of district heating systems the heat-related part of the fuel input to the CHP unit Ein;T
6-
shall be integrated into the numerator of Formula (1). The electricity-related fuel part Ein;el is used to
01
calculate the weighting factors of the produced electricity.
2
= α T ⋅ Ein
Ein;T
st
m (10)
ko
where
en
je
Ein;T heat-related part of energy input to the CHP unit;

bi
ie
αT allocation factor heat;

at
m
Ein;el =(1 − α T ) ⋅ Ein (11)

r
fo
in
where
de
or
Ein;el electricity-related part of energy input to the CHP unit.

vo
6.2.2.1.6.2 Power loss method

T
EP
The power loss method is applicable if the heat is extracted from a condensation turbine. The energy
C
N
flows of the heat-related non-cogeneration mode (quantities 5 and 9 in Figure 4) shall be excluded from
O
the calculation.
C
∆Eel
αT = (12)
Eel;pr + ∆Eel
6.2.2.1.6.3 Carnot method
For the carnot method additional input data from the system is required. The energy flows of the non-
cogeneration mode (quantities 2, 5, 6 and 9 in Figure 4) shall be excluded from the calculation.
 T 
Qcm ⋅ 1 − a;e;avg 
 Tchp;mn 
aT =   (13)
 Ta;e;avg 
Eel;pr + Qcm ⋅ 1 − 
 Tchp;mn
 

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
where
Ta;e;avg average external air temperature for the calculation interval [K];
Tchp;mn mean temperature of CHP heat for the same calculation interval measured at the system
boundary between the generation part and the distribution part of the district heating
system [K] (see Figure 3).
If the CHP unit supplies more than one distribution system with different temperature levels, Tchp;mn and
αT shall be determined separately for each distribution system.
EXAMPLE Steam turbine with multiple outlets that supplies a steam system and a hot water system.
6.2.2.1.6.4 Alternative production method
For the alternative production method additional input data about two external reference systems shall
be defined. The energy flows of the non-cogeneration mode (quantities 2, 5, 6 and 9 in Figure 4) shall be
excluded from the calculation .
8
Qcm
-0
12
ηT;ref
αT =
6-
(14)
Eel;cm Qcm
01
+
2
ηel;ref ηT;ref
st
m
ko
where
en
ηT;ref reference heat efficiency;

je
bi
ηel;ref reference electric efficiency; They shall be specified according to the template given in
ie
at
Table A.10. Informative default values can be found in Table B.10.

m
6.2.2.1.6.5 Residual heat method

r
fo
in
For the residual heat method additional input data about an external reference system shall be defined.
de
The energy flows of the electricity-related non-cogeneration mode (quantities 2 and 6 in Figure 4) shall
or
be excluded from the calculation.

vo
Eel;cm
T
EP
αT = 1 − (15)
ηel;ref ⋅ ( Ein − Ein;el;ncm )
C
N
O
6.2.2.1.6.6 Power loss ref method

C
The power loss ref method is applicable if the heat is extracted from a condensation turbine. For the
power loss ref method additional input data about an external reference system shall be defined. The
energy flows of the heat-related non-cogeneration mode (quantities 5 and 9 in Figure 4) shall be
excluded from the calculation.
∆Eel
αT = (16)
ηel;ref ⋅ ( Ein − Ein;T;ncm )
6.2.2.2 Industrial waste heat
Industrial waste heat comes from processes whose primary purpose is the manufacturing of goods. It
usually consists of a process-related component and a district heating component. The process-related
component is the minimum amount of waste heat which is generated in the production process and
shall be released to the environment via cooling systems if not used for district heating. The weighting

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
factors for this portion of the industrial waste heat shall be specified in the format given in Table A.2.
Informative default values can be found in Table B.2. The district heating component is the amount of
additional heat that is required to supplement the process component in order to meet the
requirements of the district heating system (e.g. boosting pressure, temperature and flow rate). The
weighted energy input for generating the district heating component shall be integrated into the
numerator of the Formulae (1) or (2). If the district heating component cannot be identified default
values can be used. A template for default values is given in Table A.2. Informative default values can be
found in Table B.2.
6.2.2.3 Heat from waste-to-energy plants
The energy performance of a waste-to-energy-plant shall be calculated according to the Formulae (1) or
(2). The energy input for processes such as ignition, auxiliary firing and flue gas cleaning shall be
integrated into the numerator of the formulae.
6.2.2.4 Heating and cooling from heat pumps
8
If a heat pump delivers cooling and heating at the same time and energy indicators are required for
-0
each of the two products, the energy input shall be divided according to the energy output.
12
6.2.3 Distribution-related calculation rules
6-
201
The heat loss and auxiliary electricity of a district energy network shall be calculated according to M3-6.
st
The calculated distribution losses shall be used to determine the energy output of the generation part or
m
energy delivered according to Formula (17), depending on the available data.
ko
en
Eout ;=
gen Edel + Edis ;ls (17)
je
bi
ie
where
at
m
Eout,gen energy output generation part;

r
fo
Edel
in
delivered energy;
de
Edis,ls distribution related loss.

or
If the input data for a specific calculation is not available the loss of the distribution network may be set
vo
to a default value. The template for the default values is given in Table A.8. Informative default values
T
can be found in Table B.8.

EP
C
Distribution systems that deliver different energy carriers may be combined to one single system if the
N
requirements are met that are presented according to the template given in Table A.6. Informative
O
C
default choices can be found in Table B.6.

EXAMPLE 1 district heating with 120°C and district heating with 80°C.
A distribution system that delivers an energy carrier that is produced by more than one energy carrier
may be subdivided if the requirements are met that are presented according to the template given in
Table A.7. Informative default choices can be found in Table B.7.
EXAMPLE 2 heat from fossil fuel and heat from bio fuel in the same district heating system

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
7 Calculation of energy source indicators

7.1 Renewable energy ratio
Key
8
-0
A system boundary district energy system 1 energy input from single-output system Ein;sos
12
B energy consumer 2 energy input from multi-output system Ein;mos
6-
01
C energy generation unit for energy carrier 3 energy input to multi-input generation
2
Ein;mig;sos
from single-output system unit from single-output system
st
m
D energy generation unit for energy carrier 4 energy input to multi-input generation
ko
Ein;mig;mos
from multi-output system unit from multi-output system
en
je
E multi-input generation unit 5 energy output from generation unit for

bi
energy carrier from single-output Eout;gen;sos

ie
at
system
rm
6 energy output from generation unit for

fo
energy carrier from multi-output Eout;gen;mos

in
system
de
or
7 energy output from multi-input generation

Eout;mig
vo
unit
T
EP
Figure 5 — District energy system incl. multi-input generation unit

C
N
O
f Pren;sos
C
Eout;gen;sos ⋅ + Eout;gen;mos ⋅ RERmos + Eout;mig ⋅ RERmig

f Ptot;sos
RERdes = (18)
Eout;gen;sos + Eout;gen;mos + Eout;mig
where
RERdes renewable energy ratio of district energy system;
fPren;sos renewable primary energy factor of energy carrier from single-output system;
fPtot;sos total primary energy factor of energy carrier from single-output system;
RERmos renewable energy ratio of energy carrier from multi-output system. It shall be
calculated separately. A template for default values can be found in Table A.5.
Informative default values can be found in Table B.5;
RERmig renewable energy ratio of the energy output of the multi-input generation unit;

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
fPren;sos and shall be calculated separately. This calculation shall also be in line with Formula (1)
fPtot;sos and the choices about the included overheads according to M1–7. Default values can
be found in M1–7 and B.3.
f Pren;sos
Ein;mig;sos ⋅ + Ein;mig;mos ⋅ RERmos
f Ptot;sos
RERmig = (19)
Ein;mig;sos + Ein;mig;mos
7.2 Waste heat ratio
Eout;gen;mos ⋅ WHRmos + Eout;gen;mig ⋅ WHRmig

WHRdes = (20)
Eout;gen;sos + Eout;gen;mos + Eout;mig
where
8
WHRdes waste heat ratio of district energy system;
-0
12
WHRmos waste heat ratio of energy carrier from multi-output system. A template for default
6-
values can be found in Table A.5. Informative default values can be found in Table B.5;
01
WHRmig waste heat ratio of the energy output of the multi-input generation unit;
2
Ein;mig ⋅ WHRmos
st
m
WHRmig = (21)
ko
Ein;mig;sos + Ein;mig;mos
en
je
7.3 Cogenerated heat ratio

bi
ie
at
Qcm
m
CHR = (22)
r
Qtot
fo
in
de
where
or
CHR cogenerated heat ratio;

vo
T
Qcm heat produced in cogeneration mode;

EP
Qtot total produced heat.

C
N
O
8 Report
C
The summary of the calculation report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this standard (EN 15316-4-5);
b) description of the district energy system and its location;
c) the energy performance indicators;
d) energy source indicators;
e) if based on measured energy: time period of input data;
f) date of issue.

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Template for choices, input data and references
A.1 General
For the correct use of this standard the template given in this Annex shall be used to specify the choices
between methods, the required input data and references to other EPB set of standards.
NOTE 1 Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
Following this template is necessary but not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
NOTE 2 In particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal
8
-0
requirements, the values and choices can be imposed by national / regional regulations. If the values and default
12
choice of Annex B are not adopted because of the regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
6-
01
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional values,
2
according to the model in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g. NA) refers to this text;
st
m
— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a National Annex in
ko
agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give national or regional
en
values and choices.

je
bi
ie
Where necessary for certain input values to be acquired by the user, a datasheet according to the
at
template of Annex A may contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input
m
data. For instance to a national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-
r
fo
calculations.
in
de
NOTE 3 Drafting an application document according to the template in Annex A is open for different situations
e.g. design of new building, certification of new building, renovation of existing building and certification of
or
existing building and for different types of buildings e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings.
vo
This can be done by developing different versions of this document.

T
EP
NOTE 4 It is possible to add information about, e.g. applicable National/regional regulations.

C
N
O
A.2 References
C
The references, identified by the module code number, are given in a table complying with the format
given in Table A.1 (template).
Table A.1 — References
Reference Reference document

Number Title
M1–7
M3–6

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
A.3 Default values for energy carriers

Table A.2 — default weighting factors for heat
Energy carrier fPnren fPren fPtot

1
2
Table A.3 — default weighting factors for fuels

1
8
-0
2
12
6-
01
Table A.4 — default weighting factors for electricity
2
Energy carrier fPnren st
fPren fPtot
m
ko
1
en
je
2
bi
ie
Table A.5 — Default values for RERmos and WHRmos (see 7.1 and 7.2)
at
rm
energy carrier RERmos WHRmos

fo
in
1
de
or
2
vo
T
A.4 Distribution systems

EP
C
Table A.6 — requirements for combining distribution systems (see 6.2.3)

N
O
C
may be
energy carriers requirements for a combination
combined
YES / NO
Table A.7 — requirements for subdividing a distribution system (see 6.2.3)
may be
distribution system requirements for a subdivision
subdivided
YES / NO

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Table A.8 — default values for distribution networks (see 6.2.3)
distribution Valu Unit

system e
A.5 Reference values

Table A.9 — Reference total efficiency of CHP units (see 6.2.2.1.3)
CHP unit ηref;tot a
8
a
-0
12
Table A.10 — Efficiencies of external reference systems (see 6.2.2.1.6.4, 6.2.2.1.6.5 and
6-
01
6.2.2.1.6.6)
2
st
fuel ηel;ref m ηT;ref
ko
en
je
bi
ie
A.6 Method selection

at
rm
fo
Criteria for the selection of a method to calculate the weighting factors of heat and electricity from CHP
in
units:
de
— technology of the CHP unit;

or
vo
— required conversion factors.

T
EP
Table A.11 — Calculation method selection for weighting factors (see 6.2.2.1.5 and 6.2.2.1.6)
C
N
O
weighting factor required for

C
technology heat and

heat
electricity
CHP unit with power loss
CHP unit without power loss

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Default choices, input data and references
B.1 General
For the correct use of this standard the template given in this Annex shall be used to specify the choices
between methods, the required input data and references to other EPB set of standards.
NOTE 1 Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
Following this template is necessary but not enough to guarantee consistency of data.
NOTE 2 In particular for the application within the context of EU Directives transposed into national legal
8
-0
requirements, the values and choices can be imposed by national / regional regulations. If the values and default
12
choice of Annex B are not adopted because of the regulations, policies or national traditions, it is expected that:
6-
01
— national or regional authorities prepare data sheets containing the choices and national or regional values,
2
according to the model in Annex A. In this case the National Annex (e.g. NA) refers to this text;
st
m
— or, by default, the national standards body will consider the possibility to add or include a National Annex in
ko
agreement with the template of Annex A, in accordance to the legal documents that give national or regional
en
values and choices.

je
bi
ie
Where necessary for certain input values to be acquired by the user, a datasheet according to the
at
template of Annex A may contain a reference to national procedures for assessing the needed input
m
data. For instance to a national assessment protocol comprising decision trees, tables and pre-
r
fo
calculations.
in
de
NOTE 3 Drafting an application document according to the template in Annex A is open for different situations
e.g. design of new building, certification of new building, renovation of existing building and certification of
or
existing building and for different types of buildings e.g. small or simple buildings and large or complex buildings.
vo
This can be done by developing different versions of this document.

T
EP
NOTE 4 It is possible to add information about, e.g. applicable National/regional regulations.

C
N
O
B.2 References
C
The references, identified by the module code number, are given in Table B.1.
Table B.1 — References
Reference Reference document

Number Title
M1–7 prEN ISO 52000-1 Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB
assessment — Part 1: General framework and procedures
(ISO/DIS 52000-1)
M3–6 prEN 15316–3 Heating systems and water based cooling systems in
buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3: Space
distribution systems (DHW, heating and cooling)

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
B.3 Default values for energy carriers

Table B.2 — default weighting factors for heat
fCO2
(g/kWh)
1 solid fossil fuel 1,7 0 1,7 530
2 liquid fossil fuel 1,6 0 1,6 400
3 gaseous fossil fuel 1,5 0 1,5 310
heat from boilersa
4 solid bio fuel 0,4 1,4 1,8 70
5 liquid bio fuel 0,7 1,4 2,1 110
6 gaseous bio fuel 0,6 1,4 2,0 150
8
-0
7 solid fossil fuel 0,8 0 0,8 500
12
6-
8 liquid fossil fuel 0,7 0 0,7 330
01
9 gaseous fossil fuel 0,7 0 0,7 160
2
10 heat from CHPa solid bio fuel st0 2,0 1,8 0
m
ko
11 liquid bio fuel 0 2,4 1,7 0

en
je
12 gaseous bio fuel 0 2,4 1,4 0

bi
ie
13 nuclear power plant 0,6 0,0 0,6 120

at
m
14 process-related component 0 0 0 0
r
fo
industrial district heating component

in
15 waste process + process-related 0,4 0 0,4 90

de
heat component
or
fromb
vo
16 waste-to- incl. CHP 0,1 0 0,1 25

T
energy
EP
17 without CHP 0,2 0 0,2 50

C
a Values are “conservative” and calculated including losses of a distribution system.

N
O
b Values are based on conventions.

C
Table B.3 — default weighting factors for fuels
fCO2
(g/kWh)
1 waste 0 0 0 0
2 residual fuel 0,2 0 0,2 40
fuels from
3 multi-output sewage sludge 0 0 0 0
systems
4 land fill gas 0 0 0 0
5 mine gas, coke oven gas 0 0 0 0

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Table B.4 — default weighting factors for electricity
fCO2
(g/kWh)
1 electricity exported from CHP to the grid 2,5 0 2,5 480
Table B.5 — Default values for RERmos and WHRmos (see 7.1 and 7.2)
energy carrier RERmos WHRmos

1 process-related component 0 1
industrial waste
heat district heating component +
2 0 0,6
process-related component
3 waste as fuel 0,4 1
waste-to-energy
8
heat from waste-to-energy-
-0
4 0,32 0,8
plant
12
6-
5 residual fuel 0 0,8
01
6 sewage sludge 0,9 1
2
fuels
7 land fill gas st
m 0,9 1
ko
8 mine gas, coke oven gas 0 1

en
je
bi
B.4 Distribution systems

ie
at
m
Table B.6 — requirements for combining distribution systems (see 6.2.3)

r
fo
in
may be
energy carriers requirements for a combination
de
combined
or
distribution systems shall have a physical

vo
energy carriers for thermal energy

YES connection via condenser, vapouriser,
T
EP
of different temperatures and pressures

heat exchanger, valve etc.
C
N
electricity of different distribution systems shall have an electrical

O
YES
C
voltage levels and types (AC or DC) connection

gaseous fuels of different distribution systems shall have a physical
YES
pressures and chemical compositions connection for gas exchange
NO –––––––––––––––
and electricity
NO –––––––––––––––
and gaseous fuels
electricity and gaseous fuels NO –––––––––––––––

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Table B.7 — Requirements for subdividing a distribution system (see 6.2.3)
may be
distribution system requirements for a subdivision
subdivided
the system boundary between the subsystems is bordered
district heating/cooling YES
by energy meters
district electricity YES
by energy meters
district gas YES
by energy meters
Table B.8 — Default values for distribution systems (see 6.2.3)
distribution Value unit
8
-0
system
12
6-
heat loss of new networks 250 kWh per pipe route and
01
year
2
st
district heating heat loss of existing networks m 13 % of heat input
ko
electricity consumption of network 1 % of heat input
en
pumps
je
district cooling cooling loss 0 % of cooling input

bi
ie
district electricity power loss 7,5 % of electricity input

at
mr
fo
B.5 Reference values

in
de
Table B.9 — Reference total efficiency of CHP units (see 6.2.2.1.3)

or
vo
CHP unit ηref;tot a

T
EP
CHP unit with power loss 0,8

C
N
CHP unit without power loss 0,75

O
C
a Based on net calorific value of the fuel
Table B.10 — Efficiencies of external reference systems (see 6.2.2.1.6.4, 6.2.2.1.6.5 and
6.2.2.1.6.6)
fuel ηel;ref ηT;ref

all 0,4 a 0,9 a
a Based on net calorific value of the fuel
B.6 Default method selection

Criteria for the selection of a method to calculate the weighting factors of heat and electricity from CHP
units:
— technology of the CHP unit;

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
— required weighting factors.
Table B.11 — Calculation method selection for weighting factors (see 6.2.2.1.5 and 6.2.2.1.6)
weighting factor required for

heat heat and electricity
CHP unit with power loss power bonus power loss
(see 6.2.2.1.5.2) (see 6.2.2.1.6.2)
CHP unit without power loss power bonus Carnot
(see 6.2.2.1.5.2) (see 6.2.2.1.6.3)
8
-0
12
6-
2 01
st
m
ko
en
je
bi
ie
at
rm
fo
in
de
or
vo
T
EP
C
N
O
C

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
Bibliography
[1] prEN 12831–1, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of the design heat load — Part 1: Space heating load
calculation of the design heat load — Part 3: Domestic hot water systems heat load and
characterisation of needs
[3] EN 15316-1, Heating systems in buildings — — Method for calculation of system energy
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 1: General
[4] prEN 15316-2, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 2: Space emission
8
systems (heating and cooling)
-0
12
prEN 15316–3, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
6-
[5]
01
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 3: Space distribution
2
systems (DHW, heating and cooling)
st
m
[6] EN 15316–4-1, Heating systems in buildings — Method for calculation of system energy
ko
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-1: Space heating generation systems, combustion
en
systems (boilers)
je
bi
ie
at
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-2: Space heating generation systems, heat pump
rm
systems
fo
in
de
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-3: Heat generation systems, thermal solar systems
or
vo
T
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-4: Heat generation systems, building-integrated
EP
cogeneration systems
C
N
O
C
requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-8: Space heating generation systems, air heating
and overhead radiant heating systems
[11] prEN 15316–4-10, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Method for
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 4-10: Wind power
generation systems
calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 5: Space heating and
DHW storage systems (not cooling)
[13] FprCEN/TR 15316-6-8, Energy performance of buildings — Method for calculation of system
energy requirements and system efficiencies — Part 6-8: Explanation and justification of
EN 15316-4-5 (District heating and cooling), Module M3-8-5, M4-8-5, M8-8-5, M11-8-5

FprEN 15316-4-5:2016 (E)
[14] prEN 15378–1, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Heating systems
and DHW in buildings — Part 1: Inspection of boilers, heating systems and DHW
[15] prEN 15378–3, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Heating systems
and DHW in buildings — Part 3: Measured energy performance
[16] prEN 15459–1, Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings — Energy
performance of buildings — Part 1: Economic evaluation procedure for energy systems in buildings
[17] prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment —
Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO 52000-1 (ISO/DTR 52000-2)
[18] FfE – Research Center for Energy Economics [2012]: The Replacement Mix – Introduction of a
Method for the Assessment of District Heat from CHP in the European Union Regarding Primary
Energy. Munich
8
[19] ROSEN M.A. Allocating carbon dioxide emissions from cogeneration systems: descriptions of
-0
selected output-based methods. J. Clean. Prod. 2008, 16 pp. 171–177
12
6-
[20] IEA – International Energy Agency [2011]: The potential for increased primary energy efficiency
01
and reduced CO2 emissions by district heating and cooling: method development and case
2
st
studies. Annex IV 2011 8DHC-11-01 m
ko
[21] DITTMANN A., SANDER T., ROBBI S. [2011]: Allocation of CO2-Emissions to Power and Heat from
en
CHP-Plants. Dresden. http://tu-dresden.de/mw/iet/ew/veroefftlg/alloc_co2

je
bi
[22] Jentsch, A. [2015]: The Carnot-Method for Allocation of Fuel and Emissions. EuroHeat&Power,
ie
at
English Edition, Vol. 12, II/2015, p. 26-28

rm
fo
[23] Müller, U. [2015]: The Mathematics of Combined Heat and Power. EuroHeat&Power, English
in
Edition, Vol. 12, IV/2015, p. 28-31

de
or
[24] Lubinski, B. [2016]: Understanding the Alternative Production Method. EuroHeat&Power,

vo
English Edition, Vol. 13, I/2016, p. 18-20

T
EP
C
N
O
C


European Standard Norme Européenne Europäische Norm: Final Draft Fpren 15316-4-5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

European Standard Norme Européenne Europäische Norm: Final Draft Fpren 15316-4-5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE FprEN 15316-4-5

ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.30 Will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

6.1.3 Multi-output district energy systems.................................................................................................... 11

6.2 Detailed calculation rules ......................................................................................................................... 12

6.2.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

6.2.2 Generation-related calculation rules .................................................................................................... 13

6.2.3 Distribution-related calculation rules.................................................................................................. 18

7 Calculation of energy source indicators .............................................................................................. 19

7.1 Renewable energy ratio ............................................................................................................................. 19

7.2 Waste heat ratio............................................................................................................................................ 20

A.2 References ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

A.3 Default values for energy carriers ......................................................................................................... 22

A.4 Distribution systems ................................................................................................................................... 22

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This document will supersede EN 15316-4-5:2007.

The main changes compared to EN 15316-4-5:2007 are:

b) provisions now also cover other energy carriers than heat;

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

the choices made by the regulators.

possible, for different applications.

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

— installation of heating systems;

— commissioning of heating systems;

— instructions for operation, maintenance and use of heating systems;

— methods for calculation of the energy performance of heating systems.

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

Table 1 — Position of EN 15316–4-5 within the modular structure

sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11

1 General General General

Ways to Ways to Ways to

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

On-site 15316– 15316 15316

cogeneration 4-4 –4-4 –4-4

8–5 heating and

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

General framework and procedures (ISO/DIS 52000-1:2015)

3 Terms and definitions

allocation factor heat

energy source indicator

numerical quantity that characterizes the origin of an energy carrier

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

4 Symbols and subscripts

Symbol Name of quantity Unit

Subscript Term Subscript Term

chp combined heat and power mos multi-output system

cm cogeneration mode ncm non-cogeneration mode

des district energy system ref reference

mig multi-input generation device sos single-output system

The output data of this standard are listed in Table 4:

Licensed to: Klaris-Kwint, Karin Mrs

Table 4 — Output data

Description Symbol Unit Intended

and calculated energy.

calculated also using the design conditions and manufacturing data.

6 Calculation methods for energy performance indicators

6.1 Simplified approach