Frame Fork Headset Rear derailleur Front derailleur (optional) Brakes Brake Levers Shifters Headset Cable guide 2 x derailleur cables 2 x brake brakes 4' derailleur housing 4' brake housing cranks bottom bracket pedals wheels cassette chain seat post seat seat clamp brake hangers front / rear if you use cantilever brakes stem handlebars tires/tubes Grease chain tool allen keys wire cutters pedal wrench hacksaw nuts/bolts (or headset press) adjustable wrench bottom bracket tool screw driver Insert the seat clamp, then the post. Grease the heck out of the part of the post that will be in the frame to keep it from rusting together. Then put the seat on.
I then clamp it in the bike stand using the post, but thats up to you...