Experiment #01

Introduction to Power System Protection Lab Equipments

Introduction:

The protection lab curriculum correlates with the weekly course lecture material. Students apply
concepts discussed in lecture during laboratory experiments. Three teaching stations each include
various electromechanical (EM) and digital relays, particularly over-current, distance, directional
power and differential protection elements. Real-time and programmable automation controllers are
also available for exploration. Each teaching station also includes fuse conductors and current
transformers, important elements in protective relaying schemes.Students run experiments to identify
fuse conductors through high current applications and examine waveform phenomena of saturated
CT cores. Separately, EM relay and digital relay setting calculations and testing for different types
of faults are performed.

Equipment’s:

The description of the equipment used in the lab is given below.

Current Transformer:

A current transformer is a type of transformer that is used to reduce or multiply an alternating current.
It produces a current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its primary. Current
transformers, along with voltage or potential transformers, are instrument transformers.

Figure#1.1 (Current Transformer)

Relays

A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number
of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combination.

Figure#1.2 (Relay)
Digital Multimeter:
A digital multimeter or DMM is one of the most widely used pieces of test equipment today. DMMs
are available very cheaply and these digital multimeters can provide very high degrees of accuracy
when measuring the parameters within an electronics or electrical circuit.

Figure#1.3(Digital Multimeter)

Circuit breaker:

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical

circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is
to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.

Figure#1.4(Circuit Breaker)

Power transformer:

The Power transformer is a one kind of transformer, that is used to transfer electrical energy in any
part of the electrical or electronic circuit between the generator and the distribution primary circuits.
These transformers are used in distribution systems to interface step up and step down voltages.

Figure #1.5 (Power Transformer)

Three phase supply:

Three-phase electric power is a common method of alternating current electric power generation,
transmission, and distribution. It is a type of polyphase system and is the most common method used
by electrical grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and other heavy
loads.

Figure#1.6 (Three Phase Supply)

Capacitor banks:

A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors of the same rating that are connected in series or
parallel with each other to store electrical energy.

Figure#1.7(Capacitor Bank)
Over and under voltage relay:

Over/Under Voltage Relays provide protection to equipment where an over or under voltage
condition is potentially damaging. They are designed to energize when the operating voltage reaches
a preset value and drop-out when the operating voltage drops to a level below the preset value.

Figure#1.8(Over and under relay)

Surg arrestors:

It is widely used for over-voltage protection, Surge Current and lightning protection. We have
international advanced production and testing equipment and production technology.

Figure #1.9(Surge Arrestor)

Fuse:

In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide
overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that
melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or interrupting the current.

Figure#1.10(Fuse)