Relative/Adjective clause

Relative Pronouns

1. WHO: Subject (for people)

2. WHICH: Subject or Object (for things)

3. WHOSE: Possession (for people and things)

2. WHOM: Object (for people)

5. THAT: Subject (for people and things)

 Defining Adjective Clause

Ex: I like the book that you gave me last week.

• Give essential information to define a person or a thing.

• If removed, the sentence is hard to understand.

• No comma to separate adjective clause from the rest of

the sentence.
1. WHO
…Noun (person) + Who + V

Ex: I told you about the woman who live next door

The man who is talking to my father is my uncle.

They are the people who bought our house.

 2. WHICH
…Noun (thing) + Which + V

…Noun (thing) + Which + S + V

Ex: English is the language which is hard to learn.

The hotel which is located next to the theatre has 250 rooms.

The movie which I saw last night was interesting.

I like the soup which you cooked for dinner.

3. WHOSE

…Noun (person/thing) + Whose + N + V

They live in a house whose roof is full of holes.

I study with the girl whose brother is a famous singer.

The book whose cover is designed by my friend is a best

seller.
4. WHOM

…Noun (person) + Whom + S + V

The girl whom I like will move to another city next month.

They are the people whom you need to stay away from.

Jane is a friend whom I can talk to when I’m in trouble.

1. Người phụ nữ hiểu tôi nhất là mẹ tôi.

The woman who understands me most is my mother.

2. Tôi thích xem phim kết thúc có hậu

I like watching movies which have happy ending.

3. Julie là học sinh duy nhất không qua được kỳ thi.

Julie is the only student who didn’t pass the test.

4. Tài xế gây ra tai nạn đã bị bắt.

The driver who caused the accident has been arrested.

5. Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới đang thay đổi nhanh.

We live in a world which is changing fast.

6. Bà ấy cho con trai tất cả số tiền mà bà ấy đã dành dụm.
She gave her son all the money which she had saved.

7. Anh có thấy ai lấy quyển sổ của tôi không?

Have you seen anyone who took my notebook?

8. Chiếc xe mà anh sửa hôm qua giờ vẫn không chạy được.

The car which you fixed yesterday doesn’t work now.

9. Cảnh sát bắt người đàn ông mà xe của ông ấy đang đậu
trước siêu thị.

The police arrests the man whose car is parking in front

of the supermarket.
5. THAT
- Replace people and things
- Used after superlative comparison
- Used after the only, the first, the last.

He is the most interesting person that I have ever met.

It was the first time that I heard of it.

The only sport that I enjoy watching is football.

She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
6. WHERE (replace an object noun of location)

The city where I was born is Da Nang.

They live in the street where there is a big shopping mall.

The park where I often go for a walk will be closed soon.

I enjoy having lunch at the restaurant where Tony works.

The place where he first met his wife is the zoo.

7. WHEN (replace an object noun of time)

The year when he was born was 1985.

I will never forget the time when we were together.

The day when you came to see me was 19 Apr.

Their wedding is arranged on the date when we all have to

work.
 Non-defining Adjective Clause

Ex: I will study in the US, where my brother lives.

• Give extra information about a person or a thing.

• Can be removed from the sentence.

• Use comma(s) to separate adjective clause from the

rest of the sentence.

• ‘That’ can not be used.

• ‘Relative pronouns’ can not be left out.

 Non-defining Adjective Clause

• My sister, who lives in New York, is a dancer.

• Maya, who works at the flower shop, is pretty.

• I have just come back from Bangkok, where John lives.

• He sold the red car, which he just bought last month.

• Jane’s boyfriend, whose mother is a doctor, can speak

four languages.

• Korean movies, which have made a lot of money in

Asia, are not very popular in Western countries.
• My sister who lives in New York is a dancer.
(Defining clause: I have many sisters and the one who lives
in New York is a dancer)
• My sister, who lives in New York, is a dancer.
(Non-defining clause: I have only one sister who lives in NY)

• Jane’s close friend whose mother is a doctor can speak

four languages. (Jane has got some close friends)

• Jane’s boyfriend, whose mother is a doctor, can speak

four languages. (Jane has only one boyfriend)
 Non-defining Adjective Clause
all of
none of
some of
many of
+ whom (person) / which (thing)
both of
one of
half of
most of

• There are 14 girls in my class, some of whom are my friends.

• I have more than 200 books, most of which are in English.
• I called Tim and Jane, both of whom didn’t answer the phone.
1. Việt Nam có hơn 90 triệu người, một nửa trong số đó
kiếm dưới 100.000đ / ngày.

Vietnam has more than 90 million people, half of whom earn

less than VN$100,000 per day.
2. Có rất nhiều người ở bữa tiệc, nhiều người trong số họ là
đồng nghiệp của tôi.
There are a lot of people at the party, many of whom are my
colleagues.
3. Cô ấy có nhiều quần áo đẹp, hầu hết đều được thiết kế bởi
các nhà thiết kế thời trang danh tiếng.

She’s got a lot of nice clothes, most of which are designed by

well-known fashion designers.
4. Tôi đã làm việc cho 5 công ty, 2 trong số đó giờ đã không
còn hoạt động ở Việt Nam.

I have worked for 5 companies, two of which do not operate

in Vietnam any more.

5. Anh trai tôi đã đi du lịch đến rất nhiều nước, có một số

nước anh ấy đến thăm hơn 2 lần.

My brother has travelled to many countries, some of which

he has visited more than twice.
 Non-defining Adjective Clause

“Which” refers to the whole clause, rather than to just one word.

• Chris did really well in the exam, which is quite a

surprise.

• She is studying to become a doctor, which is difficult.

• He spent most of his money on gambling , which made

his wife angry.
1. Anh ấy vừa bị mất việc. Điều này khiến anh ấy rất buồn
và lo lắng.

He has lost his job, which makes him upset and worried.

2. Cô ấy nhận được học bổng của một trường đại học ở Mỹ.
Đó là lý do chúng ta có bữa tiệc này.

She’s got a scholarship from a University in the US, which

is the reason of our party today.

3. Jack luôn muốn ở một mình. Điều này có vẻ không bình

thường đối với một người ở tuổi của cậu bé.

Jack always wants to be alone, which is unusual for a boy

at his age.
4. Trẻ em rất thích ăn thức ăn nhanh. Điều này là một trong
những nguyên nhân gây nên bệnh béo phì.

Children enjoy eating fast food, which is one of the

reasons that causes obesity.