ABSTRACT

In this

Communication Circuits Lab – COME588L

experiment, we
will use the RTM
model along with
LVTS
observe
system to
how
Experiment 4: Pulse Dialing
pulse dialing work
and observe the
waveform of the
Mohamad Othman 201501870
generated signal.
Mahdi Cherham 201502419
We observed that
the number of
Kamal El- Assaad 201501955
spacings in the
signal
corresponds to
the key pressed Submitted to: Eng. Mariam M. Moussilli
and only keys
Monday 25-February-2019
from 0-9 are
mapped. The CO
will detect these
spacing to know
which key is
pressed.
OBJECTIVE
In this experiment we will observe the waveforms of the pulse dialing signal of each digit that
are output to the telephone line. And we will also observe the pulse dialing signal when a
COME
series 588L
of numbers is dialed. Finally we will measure various parameters such as dial pulse
period, duration of the current interruption and the inter-digit interval.
INTRODUCTION

Pulse dialing is a signaling technology in telecommunications in which a direct current local

COME
loop circuit is588L
interrupted according to a defined coding system for each signal transmitted,
usually a digit. This lends the method the often used name loop disconnect dialing. In the most
common variant of pulse dialing, decadic dialing, each of the ten arabic numerals are encoded
in a sequence of up to ten pulses. The most common version decodes the digits 1 through 9, as
one to nine pulses, respectively, and the digit 0 as ten pulses. Historically, the most common
device to produce such pulse trains is the rotary dial of the telephone, lending the technology
another name, rotary dialing.
In a Decadic Pulse Dialing, also called Loop Disconnect Dialing, a Direct-Current Pulse Train,
representing each Digit, is produced by interrupting a continuous Signal according to a defined
Ratio.

Figure 1: Decadic Pulse Telephone

A rotary dial is a component of a telephone or a telephone switchboard that implements a

signaling technology in telecommunications known as pulse dialing. It is used when initiating a
telephone call to transmit the destination telephone number to a telephone exchange.

Pulse dialing indicates each digit in the phone number by a series of clicks that corresponds
only to that digit. It would then need a short pause in order to clearly identify one digit from
the next.
COME 588L

Figure 2: Dial pulses generated for the number 6

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

1. Setup the central office with telephony training system (TTS)

COME 588L
2. Turn on the host computer , TTS power supply and open the telephony training system
software
3. On the host computer, go to the Call Processor and disable the telephone number
detection to make the central office insensitive to dialing signals.

4. On the host computer, zoom in on ANALOG LINE INTERFACE A, connect Oscilloscope

Probe 1 to and start the Oscilloscope.

5. Make the following settings on the Oscilloscope:

Channel 1
Mode: Normal
Sensitivity: 10 V/div
Input Coupling: DC
Time Base: 20 ms/div
Display Refresh: Continuous

Observe that the DC voltage across the telephone line is close to the nominal value of
-48 V (about -45 V in the Telephony Training System) because the loop current is zero
(the handset of telephone set A is on-hook).
Lift off the handset of telephone set A. Observe that the DC voltage across the
telephone line decreases greatly (to approximately -7 V) because DC current is flowing
through the telephone line.

6. Lift off the handset of telephone set A. Press different number keys on the keypad of
telephone set A while listening to the handset earpiece and observing the signal on the
Oscilloscope screen.
7. On the host computer, make the following settings on the Oscilloscope:
Time Base: 0.1 s/div
Trigger Source: Channel 1
Level: -30 V
Slope: Negative (-)
Display Refresh: Manual

8. Refresh the Oscilloscope display and immediately press number key 6 on telephone set
A. The waveform of the resulting voltage across the telephone line should be recorded
by the Oscilloscope. Below figure shows an example of the voltage waveform you
should observe on the Oscilloscope screen.
 9. Refresh the Oscilloscope display and immediately press a number key on telephone set
A. The waveform of the resulting voltage across the telephone line should be recorded
by the Oscilloscope
COME 588L
10.Repeat the previous step a few times with different number keys.

11.On the host computer, set the Oscilloscope time base to 50 ms/div.
Refresh the Oscilloscope display and immediately press number key 3 on telephone set
A. The waveform of the resulting voltage across the telephone line should be recorded
by the Oscilloscope. Measure the dial pulse period and the duration of the current
interruptions using this voltage waveform.

12.On the host computer, set the Oscilloscope time base to 0.2 s/div. Refresh the
Oscilloscope display and immediately dial digits 2 and 3 quickly on telephone set A. The
waveform of the resulting voltage across the telephone line should have been recorded
by the Oscilloscope. Measure the inter-digit interval using this voltage waveform.

13.On the host computer, close the Telephony Training System software. Turn off the TTS
Power Supply as well as the host computer (if it is no longer required). Disconnect the
AC/DC power converters from the TTS Power Supply and the analog telephone sets.
Disconnect the analog telephone sets from the Dual Analog Line Interface.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
When we press a button we visualize a DTMF signal outputted on the telephone line with a
distributed sinusoidal fluctuation form. When we connect the oscilloscope probe 1 we
COMEthat588L
observed the DC voltage across the telephony line is -46.6V this is because DC current is
flowing through the telephony line

But when we lift off the handset of A and we observed at the oscilloscope that the DC voltage
drop to -10.8V

But when we lift off the handset of A and a number of Key on the telephone is pressed we
observed that the number of DC current interruption = number pressed with 10 interruption
for zero

Now if we press the key 6 we observed at the oscilloscope 6 interruptions this is corresponding
to the key 6 with 6 interruption

Figure 3: Signal of Key 6

Now if we the Oscilloscope time base to 50ms/div and press the key 3 we can record values of
Dial Pulse Duration: A=2x50=100ns
Duration of the current interruption: B=1.2x50=60ns
Duration of the Current Pulses: C=0.8x40=40ns

Now if we the Oscilloscope time base to 0.2 s/div and press the key 3 and 1 we can record
values of the inter-digit interval D=0.2x4.8=960ns
COME 588L

Figure 4: Signals of Keys 3 and 1

CONCLUSIONS
In this experiment we learned the detection of telephone number produced using pulse
dialing. And also we saw that the call processor detect the dialed digits by counting the
COME
number 588L
of times the corresponding hook status bit as state 1 or 0 between each inter-digit
interval of the pulse dialing signal

REFERENCES

1. Isa Carrington Cabell (1900). "Roosevelt, Nicholas I."  . Appletons' Cyclopædia of

American Biography.
2. AT&T Specification No. 4566, February 1926
3. J. Atkinson, Telephony Volume 1, p.142 (1948, Pitman, London)
4. Current UK standard BT SIN 351