Computational Fluid Dynamics -Assignment 1

Akhil Sharma - SC19M015

January 16, 2020

1 Determine the values of x and y to make the following partial dif-

ferential equations elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic
1.1 xuxx + xuxy + yuyy = 0
Comparing with the general 2nd order Partial Differential Equation:

Auxx + Buxy + Cuyy + H = 0 (1)

A = x, B = x, C = y (2)

B 2 − 4AC = x2 − 4xy (3)

Case 1: Elliptic PDE - B 2 − 4AC < 0
x2 − 4xy < 0
x ∗ (x − 4y) < 0

For x < 0, x > 4y or x > 0, x < 4y the PDE is elliptic.

Case 2: Parabolic PDE - B 2 − 4AC = 0

x2 − 4xy = 0

x ∗ (x − 4y) = 0

For x = 0 or x = 4y the PDE is parabolic.

Case 3: Hyperbolic PDE - B 2 − 4AC > 0

x2 − 4xy > 0

x ∗ (x − 4y) > 0

For x > 0, x > 4y or x < 0, x < 4y the PDE is Hyperbolic.

1
1.2 xuxx + yuxy + K = 0
Comparing with the general 2nd order Partial Differential Equation:

Auxx + Buxy + Cuyy + H = 0 (4)

A = x, B = y, C = 0 (5)

B 2 − 4AC = y 2 − 4 ∗ 0 ∗ y = y 2 (6)
2 2
Since y > 0 for all y, therefore B − 4AC > 0 for all x and y. Hence the given PDE is Hyperbolic for all x
and y.

2 Classify the following system of equations

(1 − M 2 )u‘x + vy‘ = 0 (7)

vx‘ − u‘y =0 (8)

Comparing with general equation of system of PDEs:

a1 ux + a2 vx + a3 uy + a4 vy + k1 = 0 (9)
b1 ux + b2 vx + b3 uy + b4 vy + k2 = 0 (10)

Type of PDE will depend upon whether |B|2 − 4|A||C| >0, =0 or <0

       
a1 a2 a3 a4 a1 a4 a3 a2
where |A| = det , |C| = det , |B| = det + det
b1 b2 b3 b4 b1 b4 b3 b2
For our PDE in equation 7 and 8

a1 = (1 − M 2 ), a2 = 0, a3 = 0, a4 = 1 (11)
b1 = 0, b2 = 1, b3 = −1, b4 = 0 (12)

1 − M2 0
   
2 0 1
therefore |A| = det = 1 − M , |C| = det =1,
0 1 −1 0
1 − M2
   
1 0 0
|B| = det + det =0
0 0 −1 1
therefore,

|B|2 − 4|A||C| = 0 − 4(1 − M 2 ) = −4(1 − M 2 ) (13)

Hence for M > 0 i.e. a supersonic case, system of PDE is hyperbolic

and for M < 0 i.e. a subsonic case, system of PDE are Elliptic.