ICI SODA ASH

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Why We Maintain Safety:

 Moral Reasons
 Legal Reasons
 Economic Reasons
 Zero Injury

Hierarchy of Risk Control:

 Eliminate Hazards
 Prevent Contact
 Safe System of Work
 Wear PPE (Plant Procedure Equipment)

Critical Behaviors:

 Awkward Position
 Wrong Tool
 Non Compliance of PPE
 Reaction of People
 POWER GENERATION

SOURCES OF ENERGY:

1. TG5
2. TG6
3. GT # 1
4. GT # 2
5. DG

CFB Detail of Process:

A pulverized coal-fired boiler is an industrial or utility boiler that

generates thermal energy by burning pulverized coal that is blown into the
firebox.

The basic idea of a firing system using pulverized fuel is to use the whole
volume of the furnace for the combustion of solid fuels. Coal is ground to
the size of a fine grain into the boiler, mixed with air and burned in the flue
gas flow. Biomass and other materials can also be added to the mixture.
Coal contains mineral matter which is converted to ash during combustion.
The ash is removed as bottom ash and fly ash. The bottom ash is removed
at the furnace bottom.
Single Line Diagram Boiler/Turbine

DISTRIBUTION

Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric

power; it carries electricity from the transmission system to individual
consumers. Distribution substations connect to the transmission system
and lower the transmission voltage to medium voltage ranging between
2 kV and 35 kV with the use of transformers.
Single Line Diagram of Power Generation
EQUIPMENT DETAIL USAGE IN SLD:

 Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB)

 Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)
 Transformer
 Contactor

Vacuum Circuit Breaker:

A breaker which used vacuum as an arc extinction medium is called a

vacuum circuit breaker. In this circuit breaker, the fixed and moving
contact is enclosed in a permanently sealed vacuum interrupter. The
arc is extinct as the contacts are separated in high vacuum. It is
mainly used for medium voltage ranging from 11 KV to 33 KV.
Air Circuit Breaker:
A circuit breaker is used for switching mechanism and protection of the
system. Other associated devises and components are also used for this
purpose associated with circuit breakers like fuses, relays, switches etc.
Circuit breakers are widely used in industries as well as power system for
controlling and protection.
Transformer:
A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy
from one electrical circuit to another or multiple circuits. Transformers are
most commonly used for increasing low AC voltages at high current (a
step-up transformer) or decreasing high AC voltages at low current (a
step-down transformer) in electric power applications, and for coupling
the stages of signal processing circuits. Transformers can also be used for
isolation, where the voltage in equals the voltage out, with separate coils
not electrically bonded to one another.

Protection of Transformer:

 Buchholz Relay
 Earth Fault Protection
 Differential Protection
 TYPES OF STARTOR:

 Direct Online (DOL)

 Star Delta
 Reverse Forward
 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
 Soft Starter

Direct Online:

Direct on Line Starter Method is a common method of starting of

Cage Induction Motor. The motor is connected through a starter
across the full supply voltage. It consists a coil operated contactor C
controlled by start and stop push button.
Star Delta:

The Star Delta Starter is a very common type of starter and is used
extensively as compared to the other type of starting methods of the
induction motor. A star delta is used for a cage motor designed to run
normally on the delta connected stator winding.

Reverse Forward:
Variable Frequency Drive:

A variable-frequency drive (VFD) or adjustable-frequency drive (AFD),

variable-voltage/variable-frequency (VVVF) drive, variable speed drive
(VSD), AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive is a type of adjustable-
speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor
speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.

Soft Starter:

A motor soft starter is a device used with AC electrical motors to

temporarily reduce the load and torque in the power train and electric
current surge of the motor during start-up. This reduces the mechanical
stress on the motor and shaft, as well as the electrodynamics stresses on
the attached power cables and electrical distribution network, extending the
lifespan of the system.

It can consist of mechanical or electrical devices, or a combination of both.

Mechanical soft starters include clutches and several types of couplings
using a fluid, magnetic forces, or steel shot to transmit torque, similar to
other forms of torque limiter. Electrical soft starters can be any control
system that reduces the torque by temporarily reducing the voltage or
current input, or a device that temporarily alters how the motor is connected
in the electric circuit.
DOL STARTER DESIGN:
15kw motor calculation of DOL starter with respect to its load.

PROJECTS:
 DOL Starter

 Star Delta