1. Cters AND Nore Names DRAWING EXERCISE Practice drawing the bass clef symbol on the empty staves below. Use the first example as a guide, Start drawing from the top and draw the shape around and down, then add the dots there. —— NOTE NAMES Notes are named using the first seven letters of the alphabet—A B CD E F G. They repeat after they have been through this cycle. In the treble (or G) clef, the first line is E, the first space is F, the second line is G, the second space is A, etc., as shown below. Lines Spaces zoe = =x a ae = =x = 7 G B D F F A c E E Quick Tip: Historically, two simple sentences have been used to help students memorize the line and space note names: for the lines E G B D F, “Every Good Boy Does Fine,” and for the spaces, FACE (the word FACE). The notes for the bass (or F) clef are as follows. You will notice that the bass clef shifts the names of the lines and spaces down one from that of the treble clef, so that the first line begins with G,not E. Lines ———————— = A o G Spaces2 NoTES ON THE PIANO < WRITTEN EXERCISE 2 Go to a piano and find the middle C piano key. Then find the first note written below in the treble clef, an A above middle C. Play it and write the note name under it. Do the same for each remain- ing note, Notice that the clef changes to bass clef halfway through the exercise. Those notes will be below middle C. (To check your answers, see page 116.)SING YOUR WAY THROUGH THEORY cn 5 mie find the first note written below in the trey, clef, a Can octave above middle C. Pl remaining note. Note that the clef changes t be below middle C. (To check your answers, jiano key. Then : ry itand write the note name under i Do the sme for gq 0 bass clef halfway through the exercise, Those notes yy see page 117.) . be fe 3 7 —+ : box te. =e — oS i bo z= = = ¥ jeY SING YOUR WAY THROUGH THEOR’ Y Here is a diagram of the steps and notest Steps: WW teen DE F scale Degree: 1 234 Quick Tip: Notice that the half steps occur between scale degrees 3 and 4.and7 and Bin the major scale. Here is what the scale looks like in the treble clef. es whole _ whole half whole whole whole half c D E F G A 8 & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Ist note of the scale is called the tonic and it is the resting note of the scale. Think of itas the sun, with the other notes of the scale being like the planets revolving around it. Sometimes itis also called the root of the scale or the fundamental note. Write the notes of the C major scale on the clef below. Begin with middle C, as written. Pay these notes on the piano and sing along by singing the note names as you play them on piano. oe vette a bone tio Pane te fe Poof Seale Degree: 2 3 4 5 é ; i | i You can sing this example with CD Tt | £ numbers on the CD. Fist sing the scale v hee sraphic ymbol above indicates the ta i me. | | C major is tracks 10-12, Music is in“ ith names. You can sing the note names aon" “Working Out with the CD,”on page 98. —Introduction to Sight Singing welcome to sight singing! This first unit will guide you step-by-stey : iliar syllables in sight singi P In learning tosing the familiar syll ight singing (DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL. LA It will also teach you to incorporate the corresponding cirven kaa sabes ols i ing. All the exercises should bi it as you sight sing Alt uld be sung using th oie together throughout the entire book. Q 9 the sylables and hand Let's begin by practicing a MAJOR SCALE: 1. Ascending: DO - RE-MI-FA-SOL-LA-TIl-DO 2. Descending: DO -TI-LA-SOL-FA-MI-RE-DO 3. Combined (Ascending & Descending): DO - RE-MI-FA-SOL-LA-TI-DO -Tl- LA-SOL~FA-Ml-RE-DO Sing the pitches that correspond with the following syllables: 4. DO - RE - MI - RE - DO - RE — MI — RE - DO - RE~ MI - RE- DO 5. DO-RE-MI- RE -DO - RE - MI - RE - Ml-FA-MI-RE-DO 6. DO — RE - MI - FA- SOL -LA- SOL -FA- SOL-FA~ MI ~ RE-DO 7. DO-RE-MI-FA~-SOL -LA-TI-LA- SOL - FA- MI = RE - DO 8. DO - RE - MI- RE - Ml - FA- SOL - FA- SOL ~ SOL - LA-TI- DO 9 DO - RE-MIl-FA-SOL-LA-TI-LA-TI-DO-DO -TI- DO VMI2“MA Each syllable in sight singing has its own hand sign. John Curwen (18) 61 r -1967) later added 88 ited these signs, and Zoltan Kodaly (1882-1 move } fen moving he hand up or down to correspond with each Pitch, ‘Ment bo Practice singing a Major Scale using each syllable and its correspon, ing | hand sign: ' 10. Ascending: DO RE MI FA SOL LA Tl Do QYXN6STEOSCAaSA | 11. Descending: DO Tl LA SOL FA MI RE DO | 12. Combined (Ascending & Descending): DO RE M FA SOL LA Tl DO aaa Oo GORA Tl LA SOL FA MI RE DO ) Raeefarnsa As you read the following exercises, use the hand sign that corresponds with the correct syllable. It may seem difficult in the beginning, but once you are comfortable with it, your sight singing will soar! 13. DO - RE - mM -— ke = DO Re = RE - DO ~- RE - mt -— RE - DO vizVink. if oe eo eS = Se Me oM FM ff bo ARSON S 15, DO - RE - M ~ FA ~ SOL- 1A - SOL — FA — SOL — FA —- M = RE - :DO ane fay % CO = © =- M@ = FA =- BL - i aves & TN - A - SOL - FA - w@- FF - DO ROaeezoeoxrvsS 17, DO - RE - M - RE - M - FA - SOL - FA - SOL - SOL- A - Tl - DO &oooc an fsSing through the exercises using the hand signs: 19. Ascending é =o o—— = = = Do Re Mi Do OX RS eRE 20. Descending = ==> —s = Do Ti La ; 2 A SS eekaks =Rie oe VMI2we 8 tet sing through the exercises using the hand signs: 24. a Re Mi Fa Sol la : i Sol Fa Mi Re = SS Re Mi Fa Sol la la Ti Do Do Ti 7 a= ff & BS 26. Mi Fa Sol la Ti Do “eeeRae sing through the exercises continuing to use the hand signs: SO Do Re Mi Re Mi Fa Sol La Sol La Ti OTi Do Do Do Re Re Mi Mi Fa Fa Sol Fa Mi Re Do Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti La Ti La Ti Do Do Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do Ti La Ti Ti Do Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Sol La Ti La Ti Do DoS'S be} Just a Minute! In addition to using lines and spaces to determine how high Or | should sound, you will use Whole Notes, Half Notes, snd? Note Notes to determine how long a-note should be held, Quart, Below you will see a breakdown of note durations: Term Symbol Rhythmic Duration Whole Note oO 4 beats Half Note d 2 beats Quarter Note 4 1 beat Sing through the exercises, observing the rhythms and continuing to use the hand signs: ‘2 sa = oe Do Re Mi Fa Sol Sol La Ti ‘S oe 2 84 eS Do Do Re Re Mi Mi Mi 35. ¢ —— vs a ae = Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Sol La Ti Do Ti Do 36, 3 = os Do Re Mi Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do‘= SS = Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti La Sol Fa Mi Re Do 38. = se oS Do Do Do Re Re Re Mi Fa Mi Re Do i Quiz Yourself! On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following: 1. Beginning and ending on “DO,” write the names of the solfege syllables for an ascending scale: 2. Beginning and ending on “DO,” write the names of the solfege syllables for a descending scale: 3. Write the name of the correct solfege syllable underneath its corresponding hand sign:will begin singing exercises that are eight measures in All of the exercises begin and end on the syllable “DO.” You will fin d thegth notes progress in similar or stepwise motion. This means that from on at ay to the next, the syllable will either repeat itself (similar motion), or it wit Note to the syllable directly above or below it (stepwise motion). Move In this unit you HINTS FOR SUCCESS. . . Before singing: - Find all “DO’s While singing: - Always look ahead — Use hand signs — Keep a steady beat with your foot ils oe o- — = < oe Re Do Do Sol Fa Mi Do Re Mi Fa Sol Sol Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do Do Ti La Sol Fa Mi Re Do Do Re Mi Mi Fa Sol Sol La Ti Do Do = Do Ti La La Sol Fa Fa Mi Re Do Do Do Re Mi Re Do Re Mi Fa Sol Sol Fa Mi Re Do Re Mi Re Do VMI2Do Do Re Re Mi Mi Fa Fa Sol La Ti Do Do Ti Do = Do Do Ti Ti La Sol Fa Mi Fa Mi Re Re Do Continue to sing the corresponding syllables for each exercise: 5. VMI2Just a Minute! In music, different types of notes represent the length of sound. Th are also symbols that represent silence. They are called RESTs. ere Below you will see a breakdown of rest durations: Term Symbol Rhythmic Duration Whole Rest tent 4 beats Half Rest = 2 beats Quarter Rest 2 1 beat Do Mi Sol Do Do Do Do Do Sol Mi * Do Do Do Sol Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Do Sol Mi DoDo Do Mi Sol Sol Do Do Sol Mi Do Continue to sing the corresponding syllables for each exercise: 13. Just a Minute! You may have noticed that all of the exercises thus far have contained four beats in each measure. At the beginning of each of the following exercises, you will see the symbol 4. This is called a TIME SIGNATURE. When you see this symbol, the top number tells you that there are four beats in each measure, and the bottom number tells you that the quarter note equals one beat.Just a Minute! The following sight singing examples introduce new rhythmic Tepresented by EIGHTH NOTES and EIGHTH RESTS. These mote ess rests are only held for one-half (Y2) of a beat. Sang, Below you will see a breakdown of eighth note and eighth rest duratig, Ns: Term symbol Rhythmic Duration Eighth Note d Ya beat Eighth Rest 7 % beat When two eighth notes are joined together, they look like this: a) or Cf When four eighth notes are joined together, they look like this: JTT) o CLES vMi2Quiz Yourself! On a separate piece of paper, write the correct solfege syllable underneath each corresponding note. te vMizTET eae reer In this unit you will sing exercises that are eight measures in length. All OF t exercises begin and end on the syllable “DO.” You will find that in addition t similar and stepwise motion, the exercises can now include DO - MI ~ SOL SKIPS. This means that DO may now skip up to MI, MI may skip up to SOL, ang SOL may skip up to DO. They may also do the same thing going down. HINTS FOR SUCCESS . . - Before singing: — Find all “DO's — Find all of the skips - Determine the key signature — Look for patterns in the rhythm or Melody While singing: - Always look ahead - Use hand signs - Keep a steady beat with your foot Do Mi Sol Sol Sol Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Sol Sol Sol Do Do Sol Mi Do Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Sol Mi Mi Do Mi Sol Do Sol Mi Do = Mi Mi Do Mi Sol Mi Do Do Do Mi Mi Sol Sol Mi Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Sol Do Do Sol Mi Do DoDo Mi Do Do Mi Do Mi Sol Sol = Sol Do Do Sol Mi Do Continue to sing the corresponding syllables for each exercise: 5.2223 "Just a Minute! In music, a song can be placed higher or lower in pitch depending on the effect desired by the composer, the range of the voice or instrument, or the ease with which it may be played. In order to establish how high or low a piece is performed, we use a _ KEY SIGNATURE. The key signature determines the KEY of the song, which establishes where on the staff “DO” is located. The key signature, represented by sharps or flats, is found at the beginning of the staff, immediately following the clef. When there are no sharps or flats, it means that the music is in the Key of C, and the note C is always “DO’ All of the exercises you have sung thus far have been in the Key of C. When there is only one flat, Bb, it means that the music is in the Key of F, and the note F is always “DO.”24 nin the KEY OF F, which is represented by the in is write The folowing ee oe This means that “DO” will be on F. single FLAT sign (}) circled below. 17. Do Mi Sol Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Sol Sol Mi / Do Mi Sol Sol Mi Do Mi Sol Mi Do Do Mi Sol Sol Sol Sol Mi Do Do Mi Do Mi Sol Sol Do Do Sol Mi Do Mi Do Do Mi Do Do Mi Do Mi Sol Mi Sol Sol Mi Do Mi Sol Sol Sol = Mi Do Do2526 MizQuiz Yourself! na separate piece of paper, write the correct solfege syllable underneath each corresponding note. Miz28 Ps in ises that are eight m In this unit you will sing exercises are eigl easUres exercises begin and end on the sylable “DO.” You wil fine ¥ lenge, Ai | é ~ MI~ SOL skips. So far, all th mila amg OF | motion, as well as DO — MI - SO! e exerci Nd sta th | have been in the time signature of 4. Now there may be so me Yor ave ig | time signature of 3. This means that there will be three beats per ets es itn | the quarter note still equals one beat. ir Measure he | * ng | HINTS FOR SUCCESS . . . | Before singing: — Determine the key : — Find all ‘DO’s ~ Find all of the skips — Determine the time Signature | — Look for patterns in the rhythm on | Melogy 1 While singing: — Always look ahead ~ Use hand signs ~ Keep a steady beat with your foot Just a Minute! ADOT may be added to a note to lengt qual to half of the original note value. then its rhythmic value. The dot is For instance, if a quarter note equals | beat, a quarter note with a dot after it (DOTTED QUARTER NOTE) equals 1% (1+) beats. Similarly, if & hale 4 note equals 2 beats, a half note with a dot after it (DOTTED HALF NOTE} equals 3 (2+1) beats. This rule applies to rests as well. . | i Below you will see a few possible DOTTED NOTES and DOTTED RESTS: Term Symbol Rhythmic Duration Dotted Quarter Note d. 1% beats Dotted Quarter Rest ei}. 1% beats Dotted Half Note de 3 beats Dotted Half Rest =~ 3 beats29 M2303132 Just a Minute! There are many key signatures in music. In addition to flats, the signature can include sharps. When the key signature has only one oe (F8) it is known as the KEY OF G, which means that “DO” is now G. following exercises are written in the KEY OF G, which is re The res the sharp sign (#) circled below. Presenteg by larp 17: DoDo Do MiSolSol SolMiSol Mi Do Mi Mi So) Sol Sol MiDo Mi Mi Sol Sol Sol Mi Do Do Sol Do Do Mi Sol Sol Mi Do Mi Mi Do Do Mi Do Mi Sol Mi Do Do Sol Sol Sol Do Sol Sol Sol Do Mi Do Do Mi Mi Sol Mi Do Do Do Mi Sol Do Sol Mi Do Do Sol Do Do Sol Do Mi Mi Mi Do Do vMi233 Exercises may now be in the Key of C (no sharps or flats), the Key of F (one flat), or the Key of G (one sharp). 21. v23435 Quiz Yourself! On a separate piece of paper, write the correct solfege syllable underneath each corresponding note. viz36 In this unit you will sing exercises that are eight measures in length, the exercises begin and end on the syllable "DO." They may have simita, stepwise motion, as well as DO - MI - SOL skips. They may be in the k a ang (no sharps or flats), F (one flat), or G (one sharp). They may also be in th; signatures of 4, %, or a new time signature: §. time HINTS FOR SUCCESS... Before singing: - Determine the key — Find all "DO's - Find all of the skips - Determine the time signature - Look for patterns in the rhythm or melody While singing: - Always look ahead — Use hand signs - Keep a steady beat with your foot Just a Minute! So far you have been reading rhythmic values in which the quarter note receives one beat. This is not always the case. The eighth note can also receive one beat. | The time signature g tells us that there are six beats in each measure, and the eighth note receives one beat. Nie De sesied 4 Seas: 12) 3 4(5) 6 12,3) 4(5.6)wizviz40 Quiz Yourself! On a separate piece of paper, write the correct solfege syllable underneath each corresponding note. v241 Let's review. In the previous units, you have sung exercises in which the notes moved in similar and stepwise motion, as well as DO - MI - SOL skips. The music has been in the time signatures of 4. & and § and in the keys of C, F, and G. In this final unit, you will see exercises that utilize any of these concepts. HINTS FOR SUCCESS . . . Before singing: — While singing: — Determine the key Find all “DO"s Find all of the skips Determine the time signature Look for patterns in the rhythm or melody Always look ahead Use hand signs Keep a steady beat with your footviz43vuiz45vizouiz yourself? the correct solfege syllable Conaratutations! You are now ready to move on to One-Minute Sight Singing, intermediate/Advanced