CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

Disusun Oleh:

Nova Kamilia

(1908026)

PROGRAM STUDI NERS

STIKES WIDYA HUSADA SEMARANG
2020
A. CORONAVIRUS

Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that can cause disease in animals or humans. In humans,
some coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to
more severe illnesses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered corona virus causes COVID-19
coronavirus.

The name of the COVID-19 disease was announced by WHO on 11 February 2020, following
guidelines previously developed with the World Animal Health Organization (OIE) and the
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

COVID-19 is a contagious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new
virus and disease were not known before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December
2019.

The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some patients
may experience aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. These
symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected but do not
develop any symptoms and feel unwell. Most people (around 80%) recover from the disease
without the need for special treatment. About 1 out of every 6 people who get COVID-19 is
seriously ill and has difficulty breathing. Older people, and those who have underlying medical
problems such as high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more likely to develop
serious illnesses. People with fever, cough and difficulty breathing should seek medical attention.

COVID-19 can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth that
spread when someone with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These drops land on objects and
surfaces around the person. Others then capture COVID-19 by touching these objects or
surfaces, then touch their eyes, nose or mouth. People can also catch COVID-19 if they inhale
drops from someone with COVID-19 who coughs or drops. This is why it is important to stay
more than 1 meter (3 feet) from a sick person.

People at risk for COVID-19, that is, older people and people with pre-existing medical
conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes). For
COVID-19 alone while some western, traditional or home remedies can provide comfort and
reduce the symptoms of COVID-19, there is no evidence that current medications can prevent or
cure disease. WHO does not recommend self-medication with any drug, including antibiotics, as
a prevention or cure for COVID-19, because antibiotics do not work against viruses, they only
work in bacterial infections. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics don't work.
Antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19. They should
only be used as directed by doctors to treat bacterial infections. For the COVID-19 vaccine itself,
there is no vaccine. There is no vaccine and there is no specific antiviral drug to prevent or treat
COVID-2019. However, those who are affected must get treatment to relieve symptoms. People
with serious illnesses must be hospitalized. Most patients recover thanks to supportive care.

The incubation period or the time between catching a virus and starting to have symptoms of the
disease. Most estimates of the incubation period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most
commonly around five days. For viruses to stay on the surface it is uncertain how long the virus
that causes COVID-19 to stay on the surface, but seems to behave like other corona viruses.
Studies show that coronavirus (including preliminary information about the COVID-19 virus)
can survive on the surface for several hours or up to several days. This can vary under different
conditions (eg surface type, temperature or environmental humidity).

The virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through droplets produced when an
infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. This drop is too heavy to hang in the air. They quickly
fall on the floor or surface. A person can become infected by inhaling the virus if you are within
1 meter of someone suffering from COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then
touching your eyes, nose or mouth before washing your hands (WHO.2020, 18 March).

B. BASIC PROTECTION MEASURES OF CORONAVIRUS

1. Wash your hands

Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly, thoroughly clean your hands with rubbing alcohol
or washing with soap and water. Because washing your hands with soap and water or using
alcohol-based hand rubs can kill viruses that may be in your hands.

2. Physical Distancing

Maintain a distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) between you and anyone who coughs or sneezes.
Because, when someone coughs or sneezes, they spray small drops of liquid from their nose or
mouth that may contain viruses. If you get too close, you can breathe in water droplets, including
the COVID-19 virus if the person has a cough.

3. Perform respiratory cleanliness

Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means
covering your mouth and nose with elbows or bent tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then
immediately remove the used tissue.

If you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention early. Stay home if
you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and
contact first. Follow the direction of your local health authority. National and local authorities
will have the latest information about the situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow
your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect
you and help prevent the spread of viruses and other infections.
4. Stay informed and follow the advice given by your health care provider

Stay informed about the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow the advice given by your
health care provider, your national and local public health authorities on how to protect yourself
and others from COVID-19. National and local authorities will have the latest information on
whether COVID-19 is spreading in your area. They are best placed to give advice on what people
in your area should do to protect themselves (WHO.2020, 18 March).

5. Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth

Touching many surfaces with your hands can pick up viruses. After being contaminated, the
hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth. From there, viruses can enter your
body and can make you sick.