Timber and Steel Design

Column Base Plate

Axial Load

Small Moment

Large Moment
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 ..
  
SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Column Base Plates

Transfer bearing to concrete footing

Anchor bolts

weld

Concrete
footing

(a) (b)
A2
A1 A1 =

 ก

N
=BxN
A2 =
 ก
 ก
B
 Allowable Bearing Pressure, Fp

Fp =  
 ก !
 ก A1 A2

f’c = ก"#
#$%&#
 ก
 A1 = A2 , Fp = 0.35 f c′

A2
 A1  ก  A2, Fp = 0.35 f c′ ≤ 0.7 f c′
A1
P A
= 0.35 f c′ 2 Fp
A1 A1

2
0.7f’c
1  P 
A1 =  
A2  0.35 f c′ 
0.35f’c

0 A2/A1
1 2 3 4

Minimum Thickness of Column Base Plate

P n 0.80bf n

m 1 cm

1 cm
0.95d d N
t

fp m

B or N
bf

$# fp  
 = P / ( B × N ) B

*+,%-ก
1 /!. &*1
2$! 3$  0.80bf & 0.95d
2 2
n f pn m f pm
2!!8$#$ &*1
: M = f pn = & M = f pm =
2 2 2 2
 2!$:##$
 
ก
1 /!. t  t
1
S = I /c = (1)(t 3 ) /(t / 2) = t 2 / 6 1 cm
12

 
$#$!  ก# M/S 
! ;! ก* 
$#$ ! Fb +&;$ 

M f p ( m / 2) 3 f p m
2 2
3 f p m2
Fb = = = t=
S t2 / 6 t2 Fb

3 f p n2
< $ก#  ก*1
, t=
Fb

AISC ก"$ 
$#$ ! 
Fb = 0.75Fy:

fp fp
t = 2m & t = 2n
Fy Fy

Critical Bending Dimensions

n 0.80bf n n 0.80D n

m m

0.95d d N 0.80D N

m m

bf n 0.95b n D
B B
m

0.95b b N

b
B
 Design of Column Base Plates

n 0.80bf n
ก ก  ก+&%&#$C$
1 cm
! && N & B :ก ก+" m = n
m

1 cm D&< +&ก*$3!
0.95d d N

N = A1 + ∆
m
! A1 =

 
ก
bf
B ∆ = 0.5(0.95d – 0.80bf)

! ",! N ;$ !ก

B 
ก+&",;$+ก B = A1/N


 6-4 +
ก  
# "$ก A36 "#  W300×94.0 (d
= 30 /!., bf = 30 /!.) &" #ก 160 # ก ก
# !$ 2.5 × 2.5
! = 210 กก.//!.2


 
!$กก  ก
 A1 +&< ! กก 

2 2
1  P  1  160 
A1 =   =   = 75.8 cm
2

A2  0.35 f c'  2502  0.35 ( 0.210 ) 

P 160
A1 = '
=
0.7 f c 0.7(0.210)
= 1,088 cm 2 

:
∆ = 0.5(0.95d − 0.80b f ) = 0.5(0.95(30) − 0.80(30)) = 2.25 cm

N = A1 + ∆ = 1088 + 2.25 = 35.2 cm ( ! 35 $.)

B=
A1 1088
N
=
35
= 31.1 cm ( ! 32 $.)
(กก

:
P 160(1000)
fp = = = 143 kg/cm 2
B× N (32)(35)

* m +, n :
N − 0.95d 35 − 0.95(30)
m= = = 3.25 cm
2 2
B − 0.80b f 32 − 0.80(30)
n= = = 4.00 cm
2 2


+ก 
;!  C! ก#
!$
A2 2502
FP = 0.35 f c
'
= 0.35(210) = 549 kg/cm 2
A1 (32)(35)

FP = 0.7 f c' = 147 kg/cm 2 

fp < F p OK

*/:

fp 143
t = 2n
Fy
= 2(4.0)
2,500
= 1.9 cm ( ! 2 $.)

 !0/+1ก PL 2 × 32 × 35 $.

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Base Plate 1 : Axial Load
Moment Resisting Column Base

Moment-Resisting Column Bases

P P
M Angle welded or M
Fillet Column bolted to column Column
Weld in shop
Nut
Washer
Anchor bolt Anchor bolt

P
M

Weld
2.5 cm
Anchor bolt
Bearing Pressure N
d

Pressure from axial load: fpa = P / A

Pressure from moment: fpb = M / S

bf B
where A = B x N and S = B x N2 / 6

P 6M
fp,min = − 2
≥ 0 P
BN BN M

P 6M
fp,max = + 2
≤ Fp
BN BN
fp,min

Small Moment without Uplift (Full Plate Bearing) fp,max

n/3 n/3
Base Plate Design Moments at critical sections:

fp2 1  2n  1 n
P fp1 M= fp1 n   + fp 2 n  
2  3  2 3
M
fp 1 n 2 fp 2 n 2
n = +
3 6
n
fp1 m 2 fp 2 m 2
Another direction, M = +
3 6
fp

 
ก 1 .
 t 
n 0.80bf n 1
(1)(t 3 )
I t2 M 6M
m S = = 12 = Fb = = 2
C t /2 6 S t

0.95d d N  
AISC ก!
"  Fb = 0.75Fy
m 6M 6M 8M
0.75Fy = → t= =
bf t2 Fb Fy
B
& '() 14-6 ก##
" $ 
%
$
&$'(#$ W350x159 )(*

+!
ก 
ก
150 
,$
& 15 
-$  ".$ /ก A36 , Fb =
0.75(2,500) = 1,875 กก./.2 
ก* 
ก* = 210 กก./.2 , Fp = 0.35(210)
= 73.5 กก./.2
 *('+ W350x159 (d = 35.6 ., tw = 14 ., bf = 35.2 ., tf = 22 .)
,5,$5+6
5& e = M /P = 15(100)/150 = 10 .

'7&585"
9:ก$ '55;" 5"
. 1/3 ก
$ /ก
 ก 50 x 80 ".( กก 
$ )
P 6M 150 × 10 3 6 × 15 × 10 5
fp = ± = ±
BN B N2 50 × 80 50 × 80 2

 65.63 kg/cm 2 < Fb = 73.5 kg/cm2 OK

= 37.5 ± 28.13 = 
 9.37 kg/cm 2 > 0 OK

&-./):
49.27(23.3)2 65.63(23.23)2
+ = 16,237 kg-cm
6 3

23.3 cm 23.3 cm
33.4 cm
80 cm
9.37

 ก'()& ก
8M 8(16,237)
49.27
65.63 t= = = 7.21 cm
Fy 2,500

ก 7.5 x 50 x 80 ".

Max Moment without Uplift
P
P 6M
M fp,min = − = 0
BN B N2
PN
Pe = M =
6
0 N
e =
6
fp,max
N N N
Criteria for full plate bearing: − ≤ e ≤
P
6 6
e

Load P within middle third of plate length N

N/3

Large Moment with Uplift N

d

N N
Eccentricity limit: ≤ e ≤
6 2
bf B
Fp Np B
[ ΣFy = 0 ] T + P =
2

Fp Np B  N 
[ ΣMT = 0 ] P NT + M =  N′ − p  bedge P
2  3 
M
where T = Tensile force in anchor rod

NT = Distance between anchor rod NT

and column center
Np = Bearing Length ( < N ) Fp
T
N’ = Distance between anchor rod
Np
and plate edge
N’
 Fp Np B  N 
From [ ΣMT = 0 ] P NT + M =  N′ − p 
2  3 

Solve quadratic function to determine the bearing length Np :

f′ ± f ′ 2 − 4 (FpB / 6) (P NT + M)
Np =
FpB / 3

where f’ = Fp B N’ / 2

FpNpB
Tensile force in anchor rod: T = − P
2

& '() 14-7 %! 5%*( 14-6 +!5".$ W350x159 

$= #
+!
ก P = 50

,$
& M = 10 
-$  

ก* *
$%
$ /ก f’c = 240 ksc
 *('+ W350x159 (d = 35.6 ., tw = 14 ., bf = 35.2 ., tf = 22 .)

N
$ก

$ /ก;ก
$#ก,5,
d #5)
N > d + 2 x 8 = 35.6 + 16 = 51.6 cm
B > bf + 2 x 8 = 35.2 + 16 = 51.2 cm
bf B

$ /ก N = 52 cm, B = 52 cm
,5,$5+6
5& e = M/P = 10x100/50 = 20 cm

bedge N/6 = 8.67 cm < e = 20 < N/2 = 26 cm

∴
&-ก'+ก  1 .1

 2 3
4ก': P
M
Fp = 0.35 x 240 = 84 kg/cm2

f’ = Fp B N’ / 2 NT

= 84 x 52 x 48 / 2
Fp
= 104832 kg T
Np
N’
f′ ± f ′2 − 4 (FpB / 6) (P NT + M)
Np =
FpB / 3

Np = 24.0 cm

FpNpB
2 3 1 .1: T = − P
2

T = 84 x 24.0 x 52 / 2 – 50x103

= 2416 kg P
M
Trod = T/2 = 1208 kg

2 3
ก: m = 9.1 cm

,5,5(
m = (N – 0.95d)/2
fp = 84 ksc
T fpm
= (52 – 0.95x35.6)/2
24.0
m = 9.1 cm

fpm = 84 x (24.0 – 9.1) / 24.0 = 52.2 ksc


&-ก:
m = 9.1 cm
52.2 × 9.12 84 × 9.12
Mpl = +
6 3

= 3039 kg-cm

52.2 8 × 3039
t = = 3.1 cm
84 2500

ก PL 3.1 x 52 x 52 ".

Alternative Shorter Method N

d

=7*55"

ก!
>5#ก%
5? =
" 6
5&@
" 
ก#9:ก#
bf B
FpNpB
[ ΣFy = 0 ] T + P = R =
2

 Np 
[ ΣMT = 0 ] PNT + M = R  N′ − 
 3  bedge P
M
where T = Tensile force in anchor rod
R = Resultant force from bearing pressure NT Np/3
NT = Distance between anchor rod
and column center
Np = Bearing Length ( < N ) Fp
T R
N’ = Distance between anchor rod Np
and plate edge N’
& '() 14-7 %! 5%*( 14-6 +!5".$ W350x159 
$= #
+!
ก P = 50

,$
& M = 10 
-$  

ก* *
$%
$ /ก f’c = 240 ksc
 *('+ W350x159 (d = 35.6 ., tw = 14 ., bf = 35.2 ., tf = 22 .)

N 
$ /ก N = 52 cm, B = 52 cm
d
N/6 = 8.67 cm < e = 20 < N/2 = 26 cm

5#ก%
Np = 3 (52 – 35.6 + 2.2) / 2

bf B = 27.9 cm

FpNpB
2 3 1 .1: T = − P
2
bedge
T = 84 x 27.9 x 52 / 2 – 50x103 = 10934 kg

Trod = T/2 = 5467 kg

P
2 3
ก:
M
,5,5(
m = (N – 0.95d)/2
= (52 – 0.95x35.6)/2 m = 9.1 cm

m = 9.1 cm

fpm = 84 (27.9 – 9.1) / 27.9 fp = 84 ksc

T fpm
= 56.6 ksc 27.9

&-ก:
m = 9.1 cm 56.6 × 9.12 84 × 9.12
Mpl = +
6 3
= 3100 kg-cm

8 × 3100
t = = 3.2 cm
2500
56.6
84 ก PL 3.2 x 52 x 52 ".
Bi-Axial Bending Base Plate
Small moment: e < N/6 ?

N
d
My

Mx
bf B fp,min fp,max

P 6My 6Mx
fp,min = − − ≥ 0
BN BN2 B 2N

P 6My 6M
fp,max = + 2
+ 2 x ≤ Fp
BN BN B N

N
Ix = NB3/12, Iy = BN3/12
d fp,max
x
P My (0.95d / 2) M (0.80b f / 2)
fpm fpm = + + x
BN Ιy Ιx
bf B
x

fpm
fp,max

fpm x 2 fp,max x 2
Mpl = +
6 3

8M
t =
Fy
Bi-Axial Bending Base Plate
Large moment :

N N
d d
My
M
Mx
bf B bf B