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استاذ مساعد د.علي ناجي عطية Equivalent Frame Method - General-9 (Muhadharaty)
استاذ مساعد د.علي ناجي عطية Equivalent Frame Method - General-9 (Muhadharaty)
استاذ مساعد د.علي ناجي عطية Equivalent Frame Method - General-9 (Muhadharaty)
Equivalent Frame Method EFM is used to analyze and design structures not satisfy the
limitations of DDM. The building is divided into equivalent frames in both directions,
where each frame consists of slab-beam supported by columns.
1
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Torsional members attach the columns to slab-beam strips.
2
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
A B C
What will be the frames used to find the moments at support B and C, respectively?
3
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Live loads patterns
As the live loads not distributed equally on all spans by its nature, there are certain
patterns of loading may give the largest positive and negative moments.
4
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
5
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
6
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Example:
7
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Moment of inertia of the slab-beam strip can be calculated from the following figure or
equation:
8
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
9
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
10
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
The equivalent column stiffness Kec is found from the following equation, where the
summation refers to the columns above and below joint and torsional members to the
both sides of joint:
11
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
12
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
13
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Frame Analysis Using Moment Distribution Method
The unbalanced moment determined for equivalent column shall be distributed to the
actual columns above and below joint as follows:
14
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
The values mentioned of FEM, CO, and K are used for prismatic members, but the slab-
beam and column are non-prismatic members. Hence, FEM, CO, and K will be found from
the attached tables.
15
Concrete Design Ali N. Attiyah, Ph.D.
Fourth Year 2015-2016
Example:
16
McCormac b01.tex V2 - January 10, 2013 5:36 P.M. Page 648
TABLE A.16 Moment Distribution Constants for Slabs Without Drop Panelsa
c1A w c1B
A B
h
`1
CL CL
TABLE A.17 Moment Distribution Constants for Slabs with Drop Panelsa
c1A w c1B
A B
1.25h h
`1 ⎜6 2`1 ⎜3 `1 ⎜6
CL CL
TABLE A.18 Moment Distribution Constants for Slab-Beam Members with Column Capitals
c1 `2
FEM (uniform load w) = Mw`2(`1)2 w
K (stiffness) = kE`2h3 c2
h h
12`1 c1
Carryover factor =C
c1 c1 c1 c1
M k C M k C
l1 l2 l1 l2
TABLE A.19 Moment Distribution Constants for Slab-Beam Members with Column Capitals and
Drop Panels
c1 `2
w
2
FEM (uniform load w) Mw ( 1)
h2 h1 c2
K (stiffness) kE 2h3 h
c1
12 1
`1⎜6
B b B B
b b
`u `c `u `c `u `c
A A A
a a a
lu
ln
a
0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75
b
Notes:
1. Values computed bycolumn analogy method.
2. kc = kAB from table EI0 /ln .