Kolom 3 Column

Ir. Muhamad Ryanto, MT.

Jurusan Teknik Sipil

Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi YPKP
1

According to the moment area

q principle, the midspan deflection ∆1
P P equals the moment of the
∆0
M/(EI) diagram between the support
∆ and midspan :
x ∆1
P
Primary ∆1 = (∆ 0 + ∆1) L 2 L
Mi Mm bending EI 2 π π
moment, Mi
L/π (∆0 + ∆1)P 2
∆ 1 = (∆ 0 + ∆ 1) P L
P∆ Secondary π 2 EI
bending Where :
Centroid of
L/2 shaded area moment, P∆ ∆0 = deflection due to
primary bending moment
∆1 = additional deflection due to
secondary bending moment
2

Kolom 3
Kolom 3 Column

From which : q
P P
PL2
/ (π 2EI)
∆1 = ∆0
1 - PL2 / (π 2EI) ∆0
α ∆
= ∆0 (1 -α )
x ∆1

Primary
where α = PL2 / (π 2/EI) Mi Mm bending
Since ∆max is the sum of ∆0 and ∆1, moment, Mi
L/π (∆0 + ∆1)P
∆max = ∆0 + ∆ 1
P∆ Secondary
α ∆0 bending
= ∆0 + ∆ 0 = L/2 Centroid of
moment, P∆
1 -α 1 -α shaded area

The maximum bending moment, including the effect of axial load, becomes :
Cm
Mmax = Mm + P∆max = Mm = Mm δ
1 -α
Where : δ = Cm = maginfication factor and
1 -α 2
π EI∆
Cm = 1 + M L20 - 1 α 3
m

Suggested values of Cm for common situations with no joint translation

Case Cm (M+) Cm (M-) Primary Bending Moment
M M
P P 1.0 + 0.2α - + Mm

P w P Mm
1.0 - +

L/2 Q Mm
P P 1.0 - 0.2α - +

w Mm
P P 1.0 - 0.3α 1.0 - 0.4α +
-
w Mm
P P +
1.0 - 0.4α 1.0 - 0.4α - -

L/2 Q Mm
P P +
1.0 - 0.4α 1.0 - 0.3α -

L/2 Q Mm
P P +
1.0 - 0.6α 1.0 - 0.2α - -

P P Mm
See general Not +
MA MB -
M A ≠M B equation available 4

Kolom 3
Kolom 3 Column

M1 M2
P P
Cm
z y Mmax = M2
1 -α
Primary Moment, M i
M1 M2 M > M
2 1

Py
Secondary Moment, Py

Where : Cm / (1-α ) = magnification factor

M
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 M1b ≥ 0.4
2b

subscript b is used to denote moments on a “braced” member

5

P ∆
Cm
Mmax = Mm
1 -α
Lu

Where : Cm / (1-α ) = magnification factor

Cm ≈ 1
P Mm = maximum moment at the member

Kolom 3
Kolom 3 Column

PU Mc = δb M2b (SNI eq. 3.3-6)

M1b Where : Cm
δb = moment magnification factor = PU ≥ 1.0
1-
φ Pc (SNI eq. 3.3-7)
Cm = 1.0 (with transverse loading)
` M
= 0.6 + 0.4 1b ≥ 0.4 (end moments only) - M1b/M2b is positive
M2b M2b
when the member is bent in single curvature
π2 EI
PU Pc = 2 (SNI eq. 3.3-9)
(k Lu)

M2b > M1b EI = 0.2 Ec I g + Es I s (SNI eq. 3.3-10)

1 + βd
Ec = concrete modulus of elasticity ≈ 4700 √fc’ MPa
Es = steel modulus of elasticity = 2.105 MPa
Ig = gross moment of inertia of concrete section neglecting reinforcement
Is = moment of inertia of reinforcement
β d = proportion of the factored dead load moment to total factored load7moment

PU Mc = δb M2b + δS M2S (SNI eq. 3.3-6)

M1b Where :
δb = moment magnification factor for frames braced against sidesway to reflect
effects of member curvature between ends of compression members
Cm
= PU ≥ 1.0 (SNI eq. 3.3-7)
1-
M2b φ Pc
δs = moment magnification factor for frames not braced against sidesway to
PU reflect lateral drift resulting from lateral and grav ity loads
1
M2b > M1b = Σ PU ≥ 1.0 (SNI eq. 3.3-8)
1-
φ Σ Pc
M2b = value of larger factored end moment on compression members due to
loads which result in no appreciable sidesway
M2s = value of larger factored end moment on compression member due to
loads which result in appreciable sidesway . 8

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Kolom 3 Column

START

Define the section of column, b and h 3

Calculate effective length factor, k

using the alignment charts

yes BRACED FRAME no

kLu/r < 34 - 12 M 1b/M 2b kLu/r < 22

yes Designed as Short Column yes
no no
1

no Designed as
kLu/r > 100
Slender Column
yes
Column should be designed with dynamic
magnification factor (Second-Order Analysis) 2

9
FINISH

SHORT COLUMN DESIGN

Calculate the loads :

P U = 1.2P D + 1.6P L ≤ φP n(max)
M U = 1.2M D + 1.6M L ≥ P U . emin
where : emin = 15 + 0.03h (mm)

With PU and M U,
calculate the column reinforcement, ρ
using P - M Diagram

yes ρ < ρ min ( = 1%)

no
ρ > ρ max ( = 8%) yes Redesign the
Use ρ = ρ min
section
no
As = ρ . Ag 3

FINISH 10

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Kolom 3 Column

SLENDER COLUMN DESIGN

Calculate the Loads :

P U = 1.2P D + 1.6P L ≤ φP n (max)
M 1b, M 2b (due to loads which result in no appreciable sidesway )
M 2s (due to load which result in appreciable sidesway )
β d = 1.2P D / PU

EI = {0.2E c.Ig + E s.Ise } / (1 + β d)

P c = π2 EI / (kLu)2

yes no
BRACED MEMBER
yes
M 1b = 0 M 1b/M 2b ≈ 1
no Cm = 1
C m = 0.6 + 0.4 M1b/M2b ≥ 0.4
δs = 1 / (1 - ΣPU / φΣ Pc) ≥ 1
δs = 1

11
4

δb = Cm / (1 - PU / φPc) ≥ 1

M c = δb M 2b + δs M 2s ≥ P u . emin
where : emin = 15 + 0.03h mm

With PU and M c,
calculate the column reinforcement, ρ
using P - M Diagram

yes ρ < ρ min ( = 1%)

no
yes Redesign the
Use ρ = ρ min ρ > ρ max ( = 8%)
section
no
As = ρ . Ag 3

FINISH
12

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Kolom 3 Column

1. DEFINITIONS

Σ EI / L of columns ψ = 0 (fixed end)

ψ = Σ EI / L of beams ψ = 10 (column end supported on footing)
ψ = ∞ (theoretical hinged end)
π2 EI
Pc =
(k Lu) 2

2. SLENDERNESS RATIO LIMITATION (NO LENGTH EFFECT)

k Lu M1b M1b  < M2b  ;

Braced Frames :
r < 34 - 12 M2b M1b/M2b positive for single curvature
Approximate values of r :
k Lu r = 0.3h for rectangular columns
Unbraced Frames :
r < 22 r = 0.25h for circular columns

13

3.STIFFNESS FACTOR EI IN MOMENT MAGNIFIER METHOD

0.2 EcI g + EsI s Factored sustained load moment

EI = βd = Factored total load moment
Larger 1 + βd
of 0.4 EcI g Ec = 4700 √fc’ (MPa)
EI =
1 + βd EIcr of beam ≈ 0.5 EIg

4. EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR k IN MOMENT MAGNIFIER METHOD

Braced Frames : see nomogram (alignment chart)

Unbraced Frames : see nomogram (alignment chart)

5. Cm FACTOR IN MOMENT MAGNIFIER METHOD

Braced Frames : * Transverse loading, Cm = 1.0
M
* End moments only, Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 1b ≥ 0.4
M
M1b  < M2b  ; 2b
M1b/M2b positive for single curvature
Unbraced Frames : Cm = 1.0
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Kolom 3 Column

6. MOMENT MAGNIFIER METHOD

Braced Frames : Mc = δb M2b (M2b = larger end moment)
Cm
δb = Pu ≥ 1.0
1-
φ Pc

Unbraced Frames : Mc = δb M2b + δs M2s (M2b = larger end moment in braced case)
(M2s = larger end moment in sway case)
1
δs = Σ Pu ≥ 1.0
1-
φ Σ Pc

7. SECOND-ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD

Unbraced Frames : Qu = stability index
(a) Qu = ΣPu ∆1 / (H1 hs) ≤ 0.04 ; ∆1/hs = 1/400 or 1/500
Second-order analysis may be neglected
(b) 0.04 < Qu ≤ 0.2 Second-order analysis must be performed
δs = 1 / (1 - Qu)
15

Kolom 3