1.

) Histogram

Lighting kW-hr/period
Bedrooms 0.5
Dining Room 1.68
Living Room 3.84
Balcony 0.96
Comfort Rooms 0.08

Air Cond. And Vent. kW-hr/period

Bedrooms 12.672
Dining Room 12.672
Living Room 25.344
Comfort Rooms 1.584

Cooking Appliances kW-hr/period

Kitchen 1.496
Dining Room 0.187

Food Storage kW-hr/period

13.376

Energy Consumption (kW-hr/period)

27

24

21

18

15

12

0
2.) Standard Deviation of Energy Consumption, Load Factor Per Month

x ( x− x́ )2 Load Factor %
Jan. 281.252 2958.02 4.96
Feb. 251.736 7039.83 4.31
Mar. 222.12 12886.72 3.91
Apr. 177.696 24946.21 3.23
May 370.2 1194.41 6.52
June 340.584 24.45 6.20
July 296.16 1558.65 5.22
Aug. 355.392 390.15 6.26
Sep. 414.624 6238.52 7.55
Oct. 399.816 4118.6 7.14
Nov. 444.24 11794.03 8.09
Dec. 473.856 19103.75 8.35
x́=335.64 ∑ ( x− x́ )2=92253.34

∑ ( x− x́ )2 ; n=12
σ=
√ n

92253.34
σ=
√ 12

σ =87.68

kWhused ∈ period
Load Factor ( % )= ∗100
Peak kW ∗24 hrs . per day∗No .days ∈period

3.) Pareto Diagram

kW- Cumulative Cumulative

Description
hr/period Sum Percent
Air Cond. And Vent. 52.272 52.272 70.27
Food Storage 13.376 65.648 88.25
Lighting 7.06 72.708 97.74
Cooking Appliances 1.683 74.391 100.00
 Pareto Diagram
kW-hr/period Cumulative Percent
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Air Cond. And Vent. Food Storage Lighting Cooking Appliances

4.) Energy Conservation Opportunities

Unlike salaries and accommodation, energy is an overhead where effective ongoing management can:

 Reduce costs.
 Improve internal conditions.
 Provide positive publicity and improve reputation.
 Improve maintenance performance.
 Engage staff.

Concerns over energy prices, security of supplies, the emergence of new legislation and ongoing
competitive pressures are compelling many organizations to revisit their approach to managing energy.

Energy Policies

 General
o Do not buy larger or more powerful appliances than are actually required.
o Do not buy an electric appliance when a hand-operated one will suffice.
o Use the correct appliance for the job e.g. do not make toast on the stove or in the oven.
o Do not fill a kettle if only a small quantity of boiling water is required. It is sufficient to
put in only enough water to cover the element.
o It is more economical to boil water in a kettle rather than in a pot on the stove.
 o Always use an iron that is thermostatically controlled. You can avoid ironing clothes by
removing clothing promptly from tumble dryer and folding them carefully.
o Operate swimming pool filter pumps for minimum periods.
o Paint the walls of your home in a light colour. Dark colours tend to absorb light,
requiring you to use more energy from light bulbs to achieve the same effect.
 Refrigerator
o Don’t open the door unnecessarily and make sure the seal is intact.
o Turn off an empty refrigerator when going on holiday.
o Let hot foods cool down before placing them in the refrigerator.
o Defrost fridges regularly. A build-up of ice reduces operating efficiency and increases
running costs.
 Freezers
o Defrost the freezer regularly. Freezers work harder to remove heat and have to use
more power. Only 90% of a freezer’s capacity should be used for freezing.
 Stoves
o Use pressure cookers when preparing food that takes a long time to cook.
o Match pots and pans to stove plates. Small pots on large plates waste electricity.
o Do not use pots with distorted bottoms.
o Switch off the plates or oven before food is fully cooked. This allows you to finish your
cooking without using energy.
o Keep oven doors closed until food is cooked.
o Do not preheat the oven. It isn’t necessary to preheat the oven except for food requiring
high temperatures and slow cooking times.
o Make use of the oven’s leftover heat. Your oven retains heat for 15 to 30 minutes after
it is turned off. Use that free heat to warm up desserts, rolls or freshen crackers and
cookies.
o Glass and ceramic pans retain heat better than metal pans.
o Use the self-cleaning feature only when it’s necessary. Start the self-cleaning cycle right
after cooking while the oven is still hot. Less energy will be required to reach cleaning
temperature.

 Automatic washing machines

o A front loading washing machine uses less water and costs less to operate.
o Use the warm water setting to cut down on electricity needed to heat the water.
o Make sure you have a full load before washing.
o Select the shortest possible washing programme.
o Cold water detergents reduce electricity consumption.

 Lights
 o Switch off the lights when they are not needed.
o Use fewer bulbs with higher wattages. For instance, one 100 watt bulb produces the
same light as two 60 watt bulbs.
o Dimming switches reduce electricity consumption.
o Use compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of ordinary bulbs.
o Use low-energy lamps for exterior lighting

5.) Implementation Strategies

 Use programmable thermostats (properly)

Programmable thermostats offer the dual benefit of not only allowing for a quick way to
reduce heating and cooling costs, but also the convenience of not having to constantly worry
whether the temperature is appropriate. A properly-installed programmable thermostat allows
you to program set points that allow you to reduce energy use when your facility is unoccupied
but maintain comfort by the time you re-open.

 Implement lighting changes

You probably know that LEDs and CFLs can offer significant savings over incandescent
bulbs, but an area of lighting that often goes overlooked is exit signage – since they’re always
on, make sure your exit signs are as efficient as possible. Occupant sensors are another quick fix
that can help reduce lighting costs, as well as checking for rebates that may be available from
your utility provider.

 Turn off computers and other equipment at the end of the day

Be sure to remind occupants to turn off their computers, printer, and copiers at the end
of every work day, ideally have them un-plugged as well. An easy way to maintain this
consistency is through the use of power strips that can simply be turned off, making it as simple
as a button-push for occupants who may balk at the idea of having to un-plug and re-attach their
equipment every day.

 Form an employee green team

Don’t underestimate the value of your occupants. If you want your energy-reduction
initiative to get off the ground, you’ll need their support and participation. An employee green
team is a great way to help keep everyone responsible for saving energy.

 Check interiors and exteriors for damage

You can’t fix it if you don’t know it’s there, so make building audits or walkthroughs a
priority. Make sure to look for insulation issues with the roof, ceilings, doors, and windows. Any
cracks or gaps can let air into the building, which diminishes energy performance.

 Find underperforming equipment (and replace it)

 During your regular building audits, take a look at your equipment to make sure it’s
functioning as well as it can. Any inefficient equipment should be replaced, and be sure to look
for ENERGY STAR models if possible to ensure any new equipment is as efficient as possible.

 Benchmark your energy performance

Use a tool like the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager to benchmark your facility’s
performance and find the right incentives to help implement improvements. Your building may
even qualify for ENERGY STAR certification if your efficiency performance is good enough.

6.) Savings and Benefits

 Helps us Save Money.

One major reason why conversation of energy is important is because of the money that
it saves. It is vital that we agree to some money saving measures and techniques, especially
when the global crisis is hitting all of us. It is more likely that we can save lots of money by using
energy conservation products. Heating appliances as well as lighting equipment such as energy
saving bulbs are few examples of products that can help us save hundreds of dollars.

We may feel that replacing older appliances with newer and more efficient models may
cost more money, but in actuality the cost that we pay for the appliances pay is much less when
we compare the amount of money that we save from lower energy bills.

 Energy Conservation Products Have a Longer Life Span.

Energy conservation products like CFLs, low voltage bulbs and other electronic items
usually have a longer life span in comparison to the usual bulbs and electronic items. The longer
life span helps in reducing overall cost as well as maintenance time.

 Decreases Air Pollution

When coal or other fossil fuels are burnt to produce energy, various kinds of gases and
other fine particles get released in the air. If we do not control these emitted substances, they
can easily pollute the environment and damage our health as well.

 Helps us Being Safer and Have Better Health.

By cleaning our appliances frequently, we can make our houses even more energy
efficient. By making our home bacteria and dirt free, we can guarantee better indoor air
circulation. This also helps in eliminating the chances of diseases.

7.) Results
 Energy is one of the main factors that must be considered in the discussions of
sustainable development. The basic dimensions of sustainability of energy production are
environmentally, technically, economically and socially sustainable supply of energy resources
that, in the long term, is reliable, adequate and affordable. Renewable, clean and cost-effective
energy sources are preferred but unfortunately no one of the alternative energy sources can
meet these demands solely. So, the problem of determining the sustainable energy planning is a
strategic tool for the development. In this dissertation, the aim of this study is to determine the
best renewable energy technology for sustainable energy planning.