RESEARCH WORK ON EXAM TOPICS

So, neither and too

The adverbs so, neither and too are concrete constructions that are used to show
coincidence with what another person has expressed. In Spanish, these sequences are
translated like me too, me neither, me too, etc.
ME TOO / SO (AM) I
Me too
ME NEITHER / NEITHER (AM) I
Me neither
On this occasion, we will only study the structures used when it is we ourselves who
agree with what was mentioned by the other speaker.
How are so, neither and too used?
ME TOO / ME NEITHER (me too - me too / me neither - me neither)
The particle too is used when the preceding statement is an affirmative sentence, while
neither is used when it is a negative sentence.
- Charlie: I love chocolate!
- Charlie: I love chocolate!

- Greg: Me too.
- Greg: Me too.

- Donald: I'm not hungry.

- Donald: I'm not hungry.

- Sally: Me neither.
- Sally: Me neither.
-
SO (AM) I / NEITHER (AM) I (me too - me too / me neither - me neither)
The particle is used when the previous statement is an affirmative sentence, while
neither is used when it is a negative sentence.
 - Sara: I have got a new jacket.
- Sara: I have a new jacket.

- Mary: So have I.
- Mary: Me too.

- John: I don't eat meat.

- John: I don't eat meat.

- Emma: Neither do I.
- Emma: Me neither.
- . Extension of so (am) I and neither (am) I
If we opt for the construction So (am) I or Neither (am) I we must take into account the
time and modal or auxiliary that appears in the statement mentioned by the person who
spoke first. Depending on the tense, the phrase will follow one structure or another.

Affirmative form
In the affirmative sentences, the particle is first placed so followed by a modal auxiliary
or verb (be, have, do, can) affirmatively and the subject (the personal pronoun I).
 The present simple does not use auxiliary in affirmative sentences, but we know that
this is do.
The assistant must agree with the tense used by the person who has spoken first.
Negative form
In the negative sentences the particle neither is placed followed by an auxiliary or modal
verb and the subject (I). Although the answer will be negative, the auxiliary or modal
verb will be in the affirmative.

 SENTENCE ANSWER

TO BE (present) I am not interested in football.No me interesa el fútbol. Neither am I.A mí tampoco.

I wasn't at home this morning.Esta mañana no estaba en

TO BE (past) casa.
Neither was I.Yo tampoco.

HAVE GOT (present) I haven't got a car.No tengo un coche. Neither have I.Yo tampoco.

PRESENT SIMPLE I don't smoke.No fumo. Neither do I.Yo tampoco.

PRESENT
I am not watching TV.No estoy viendo la televisión. Neither am I.Yo tampoco.
CONTINUOUS

GOING TO I'm not going to buy this CD.No voy a comprar este CD. Neither am I.Yo tampoco.

CAN I can't ride a horse.No sé montar a caballo. Neither can I.Yo tampoco.

 Remember
So, neither and too are those particles that are used in concrete constructions to show
coincidence with what another person has expressed.

STRUCTURE EXAMPLES

- Me too.- Yo
Me too - I'm sleepy.- Tengo sueño.
también.

AFFIRMATIVE
- So do I.- A mí
So + auxiliar + I - I love sushi.- Me encanta el sushi.
también.

- I wasn't at the party.- No estaba en la - Me neither.- Yo

Me neither
fiesta. tampoco.

NEGATIVE
Neither + auxiliar + - Neither do I.- Yo
- I don't drink.- No bebo.
I tampoco.
 Present Continuous
When is the Present Continuous used?
The Present Continuous (also called Present Progressive) is used for actions and
processes that have not yet finished and now take place in the present. They can occur
at the time of speaking, but also develop for a longer period. Compare the possibilities
of use:
The Present Continuous or Present Progressive is applied in the following different
cases and is usually translated into Spanish with the gerund (example ‘I am doing’ etc.):
It is used for actions that are in progress at the time of speaking. Words that indicate
this time (keywords) are for example ‘at the moment, now, Listen !, Look!’:
“My sister is eating an apple at the moment.” (Right now my sister is eating an apple.)
“Look! The dogs are playing with a cat. ”(Look! The dogs are playing with a cat.)
It is also used for processes, which are developed for a fixed and determined period
(but not at the time of the declaration!):
“Sally is reading an interesting book over the holidays.” (Sally is reading an interesting
book during the holidays.)
“They’re building a new library at the end of the road.” (They are building a new library
at the end of the street.)
“I'm working at a cinema this month.” (This month I'm working in a cinema.)
The Present Progressive is also used with fixed schedules and appointments in the
future (unlike in Spanish, where a form of the future could also be used):
“We are going on vacation to Barcelona next Wednesday.” (Next Wednesday we go on
vacation to Barcelona.)
“I'm playing tennis this evening.” (I'm going to play tennis this afternoon.)
Use of the continuous form for changes, which are taking place at this time:
“Is her French getting better?” (Is she improving her French?)
“More and more people are using the Internet to buy clothes.” (Every day more people
use / are using the internet to buy clothes.)
In order to express complaints and dissatisfaction, the Present Continuous can also be
used (in these cases it appears many times together with the adverbs of frequency d
always ’or‘ constantly ’frequency adverbs):
“She’s constantly complaining about her job.” (She’s constantly complaining about her
job.)
“You’re always leaving the window open.”
How is the Present Continuous formed?
The Present Continuous / Progressive is constructed with the conjugate form of the
auxiliary verb ‘to be’ in the present (means ‘am, is’ or ‘are’) and the infinitive infinitive of
the corresponding verb plus the suffix ‘-ing’.
Rule for the formation of the Present Progressive
Conjugated form of infin be ’+ infinitive +‘ -ing ’
Table with the forms of ‘to be’ in the continuous form
Model verbs: ‘to do, to drink, to look’

Particularities
Note that it may happen that the last letters are deleted or doubled with some verbs
when the suffix ing -ing ’is added. Example:
‘E’ is removed in ‘to drive’:
“Tamara is driving her new car.” (Tamara is driving her new car.)
The ‘t’ is doubled in ‘to quit’:
“I’m quitting my job this afternoon.” (This afternoon I will submit my resignation.)
 still, yet and already
Do you know how to use still, yet and already in English?
If not, today is your day ...
Because here I will explain, finally.
Still, yet and already are somewhat similar words - adverbs that speak of time, and that
are used with a variety of verb tenses.
So today we will see how to use them, and some examples of phrases.
The question comes from attentive reader María José on Facebook.
how to use still, yet and already in English
It is in reference to an article on how to use the prepositions to and for on my other page
- go to, leave for, leave from and the rest.
But the question is about the use of "yet" in the phrase "Have you bought your ticket
yet?"
So today we will see a little about the difference between still, yet and already. With
many examples of phrases, as always.
First:
What do still, yet and already mean?
The complicated thing here is that sometimes the meaning changes according to use.
In a question, the word of yet is translated "already" and in a negation it is rather "still."
But do not worry. Sounds harder than it is.
The examples will clarify later. Here the definitions:
- Still = still - an action that continues
- Yet = already / still (mainly used in questions and denials)
- Already = already… or earlier than expected (used in affirmations and questions)
These three words are used a lot with the present perfect, but they can also be used
with other tenses - for example, it still works very well with a simple or continuous
present because it speaks of actions that follow.
Thus the answer to the original question is that it is still used in denials like "still" but in
questions like "already."
We'll see…
Examples of how to use still, yet and already in English
Here are some simple phrases that give you an idea of how they are still used, yet and
already, with Spanish translation.

I'm still eating. = I am still eating.

I still haven't eaten. = I haven't eaten yet.

I've already eaten. = I have already eaten.

I haven't eaten yet. = I haven't eaten yet.
Have you eaten yet? = Have you eaten yet?
Have you already eaten? = Have you eaten yet?

how to use still, yet and already in English

I'm still waiting for Telefónica to make me Vice President of the company. Maybe they’ll
give me an office in this building.
So the subject of still, yet and already is not that complicated. We can also talk about
just - it has many uses. We'll talk about that in the end.
More examples of still, yet and already…
Here I have more examples of simple phrases with still, yet and already ... Notice that
everyone follows the rules I mentioned above.
 The perfect present
It is roughly equivalent to the perfect preterite of Spanish. We will see the differences in
the section on uses. In general, it is a mixture between the present and the past. We
use it for actions in the past that are important in the present.
Grammatical Rules Form
To form the present perfect, the auxiliary verb "to have" is used in the present and the
past participle of the verb. For regular verbs, the past participle is the simple form of the
past. See the lesson on the past simple for more information on how to form the past.

Sujeto Verbo auxiliar Forma Corta Participio Pasado

I, you, we, they have I’ve, you’ve, we’ve, they’ve talked, learned, traveled…

he, she, it has he’s, she’s, it’s talked, learned, traveled…

Note: Note that there are many irregular past participles in English. Below is a list of one
of the most common irregular past participles.

Verbo Pasado Simple Participio pasado

   Be    was/were    been

   Do    did    done

   Go    went    gone

   Make    made    made

   See    saw    seen

The present perfect is used for actions that occurred at a non-specific time before now.
The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do not usually use specific expressions
of time ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...) with the present perfect. You can use
the present perfect with non-specific expressions of time ("never", "ever", "many times",
"for", "since", "already", "yet" ...). This concept of non-specific time is quite difficult to
understand, for this reason, below you have the particular uses of the present perfect.