INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Classify the organic compound nd inorganic compound

Organic compound Inorganic compound

What are the compulsory What are the other elements

elements in organic that can be found in Organic
compound? compound?

Organic Compound : ……………………………………………………………………..

: …………………………………………………………………….

: …………………………………………………………………….

Hydrocarbon : ………………………………………………………………………

14.2 General, Empirical, Molecular and Structural Formulae of Organic Compounds

1. General Formula

Homologous Series General Formula

Alkane

Alkene

Haloalkane

Alcohol

2. Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

Empirical Formula

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Molecular Formula

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Calculation:

1. Determine the empirical formulas for compounds with the following percent
compositions:
(a) 15.8% carbon and 84.2% sulfur

(b) 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen

2. A compound V consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is analysed. 14.4 g of the

compound burns completely in oxygen to form 31.7 g of carbon dioxide and 17.3 g of water.
Determine the empirical formula of V.
3. An organic compound T that contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is found to
contain 52.2% carbon and 13.0% hydrogen by mass on analysis. Calculate the empirical
formula.

4. Dichloroethane, a compound that is often used for dry cleaning, contains carbon, hydrogen,
and chlorine. It has a molar mass of 99 g/mol. Analysis of a sample shows that it contains
24.3% carbon and 4.1% hydrogen. What is its molecular formula?

5. A major textile dye manufacturer developed a new yellow dye. The dye has a percent
composition of 75.95% C, 17.72% N, and 6.33% H by mass with a molar mass of about 240
g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the dye.
6. When 8 cm3 of hydrocarbon P was burnt in 60 cm3 oxygen. The volume of the gaseous
products occupied 44 cm3. After absorption by KOH, the residual gas occupied 12 cm3. What
is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.

7. 16 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon was sparked with 90 cm3 of oxygen. After explosion and
cooling, the resultant volume was 66cm3. After absorption by KOH solution, the volume was
reduced to 34 cm3 of residual O2. Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon.