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Renewables Now
Renewables Now
Biomass
• Currently, this is the largest source of renewable
energy.
▫ However, much of this is low-technology uses in
developing countries. Presumably usage of these fuels
will fall as countries grow.
• Other fuels include things such as ethanol.
▫ Is there enough farmland to grow the needed feedstocks
as well as supplying necessary food supply?
▫ Recent concerns over corn prices is an example here
Hydropower
• Used for 16% of world electricity production.
• Does not require technological breakthroughs.
• However, political acceptance is an issue.
• Small hydro is cost competitive
Geothermal
• Uses heat from the earth, which is captured as steam
or used to heat water that is piped below the earth.
Policy Options
• Simulations suggest the largest efficiency gains come
from environmental policies, rather than R&D
policies.
• R&D policies help encourage research on alternative
technologies, but they do not encourage diffusion.
• However, policies such as taxes and subsidies will
encourage use of technologies closest to market
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS