LECTURER: Dr.

Kherie Rowe
FACULTY: Biological and Chemical Sciences
Road Map
 Today’s goals
 Survival Guide

 Acquisition of energy
 Nutrition in man
 Carbohydrates

 Proteins

 Lipids

 Vitamins and Minerals

 Water

 Summary
Absorption
Assimilation
Assimilation
Egestion
Egestion
Digestive tract Summary
The Alimentary Canal
1. Mouth
2. Salivary gland
3. Salivary gland
4. Liver
5. Gall bladder
6. Duodenum
7. Bile duct
8. Transverse colon
9. Ascending colon
10. Caecum
11. Appendix
12. Salivary gland
13. Pharynx
14. Tongue
15. Epiglottis
16. Oesophagus
17. Stomach
18. Pancreas
19. Pancreatic duct
20. Small intestine
21. Descending colon
22. Rectum
23. Anus
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
 Are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

 They are classified according to the number of sugar

units they contain:
 Monosaccharides e.g. glucose and fructose
 Disaccharides e.g sucrose, lactose and maltose
 Polysaccharides e.g. starch, glycogen and cellulose
Carbohydrates
 Simple carbohydrates (sugars)
are quickly converted to glucose
within the body.

 Complex carbohydrates, such as

starch, are broken down to
glucose much more slowly
within the body.

 Glucose is required by cells for

the process of respiration. It is
small enough to travel in the
blood vessels and to be absorbed
by the cells of the body.
Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates-Absorption

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Carbohydrates-Absorption
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Protein
Video
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-NUHz_gfU0
Protein
 Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of
one or more chains of amino acid residues.
 Proteins are associated mainly with cell growth and
repair, but also fulfill other roles within the body.
Protein
 Amino acids can be placed into three categories:
 Essential amino acids: those which cannot be
manufactured by the body.
 Non-essential amino acids: are made by the body from
essential amino acids or the breakdown of protein.
 Conditional amino acids: are usually not essential except
in times of illness, stress or a medical condition.
Protein-Digestion
Protein-Digestion

Gastric glands:
The production of
pepsin in the
stomach.
Protein-Digestion
Protein-Absorption

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Protein-Absorption
Protein-Assimilation
Protein-Assimilation
Deamination