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Case Digests
Case Digests
FACTS: Manolo Fule was convicted of the violation of BP 22 or recommendatory powers only.
the Bouncing Check Law. Fule waived his right to present ISSUES:
evidence and submitted a memorandum confirming the 1. WON RA 6770 prohibits the investigations in cases
stipulation of facts. However, the stipulation of facts was not filed more than one year after commission
signed by the petitioner nor his counsel. Despite of this, the 2. WON the power of the Ombudsman is
Regional Trial Court and the Court of Appeals upheld the recommendatory only
stipulation of facts and sentenced Fule. HELD:
ISSUE: WON the stipulation of facts should be signed? 1. NO. The Court pointed out that administrative
HELD: YES. The Supreme Court pointed out the Rules of Court offenses do not prescribe. Although the law uses the
provided that the stipulation of facts must be signed. The phrase “may not”, it is not mandatory because it is
Rules of Court stated that no agreement or admission during not supported by jurisprudence on statutory
the pre-trial conference shall be used in evidence unless construction.
reduced to writing and signed by the petitioner or counsel. 2. NO. The Constitution vested on the Ombudsman to
Negative words are used by the Rules of Court and according directly remove from government service an erring
to the rules of statutory construction, the use of negative public official except those who are in the Congress
words should be regarded as mandatory. Thus, the stipulation and the Judiciary.
of facts must be signed to be admissible.
LOYOLA GRAND VILLAS HOMEOWNERS (SOUTH)
PURITA BERSABAL VS HON JUDGE SERFIN SALVADOR ASSOCIATION, INC. VS COURT OF APPEALS
FACTS: An ejectment case was filed and ruled against the FACTS: Loyola Grand Villas Homeowners Association (LGVHAI)
petitioner. Thus, she decided to appeal the case in the was organized and was registered with the Home Financing
respondent’s court. The respondent court ordered the Corporation (HFC) as the sole homeowners’ organization in
originating court to transmit a copy of the stenographic notes the subdivision. However, it failed to file its corporate by-
within 15 days and the parties to file their respective laws. HFC, previously HIGC, informed LGVHAI that the
memoranda within 30 days. The petitioner filed a motion that association is automatically dissolved for failure to file its by-
her party would file their memorandum within 30 days upon laws during the period allowed by law and for not using their
receipt of the stenographic notes. The respondent court corporate charter as HFC did not receive any report on
granted the motion. However, the respondent court LGVHAI’s activities. As a result, two new associations were
dismissed the appeal on the ground that the petitioner failed created, North and South. LGVHAI filed an action questioning
to submit her memorandum within the period provided by the revocation of their certificate and arguing that these two
the respondent court. Petitioner argued that she had not yet associations should be dissolved. After a hearing in HIGC,
received a copy of the stenographic notes. Thus, she filed the LGVHAI received favorable decision. As a result, the South
instant petition. Association filed an appeal on the ground that law uses the
ISSUE: WON the respondent court can dismiss the case on word “must” making the filing of by-laws mandatory. With
the mere failure of the petitioner to file her memorandum the failure of LGVHAI to file their by-laws, the South
HELD: NO. RA 296 states that the parties may submit Association contends that LGVHAI failed to exist.
memoranda if requested. With the use of the word “may”, ISSUE: Whether or not the failure of LGVHAI to file its by-laws
the party has an option not to submit the needed should result to its dissolution.
memorandum since the word is not mandatory but rather, HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that the word “must” is not
discretionary. However, the Court pointed out that the always mandatory. When the law is interpreted in its entirety
respondent court should not dismiss the appeal due to the and it is shown that the intent of the framers that the word
failure of the petitioner to submit a memorandum but dismiss must is discretionary, it should be given that meaning. In this
the petition based on facts available to it. Thus, the Court set case, the Corporation Code when interpreted as a whole
aside the decision of the respondent court and ordered it to would suggest that the framers did not intend the filing of by-
decide the case base on the merits of the case. laws mandatory. Thus, when LGVHAI failed to file its by-laws,
it should not necessarily result to the association’s
OFFICE OF OMBUDSMAN VS DE SAHAGUN dissolution.
FACTS: The respondents are members of the Bids and Awards
Committee of the marketing support services for Intramuros. ROOS INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION, INC. VS NLRC
An anonymous complaint to the Ombudsman alleged that the FACTS: Jose Martillos filed a complaint against Roos Industrial
said committee entered contracts with Brand Asia Ltd without with money claims because of illegal dismissal. The Labor
undergoing the proper process of bidding. The Fact-Finding Arbiter ruled in favor of Martillos. The Labor Arbiter found
Intelligence Bureau filed criminal and administrative charges that Martillos had gained a regular position in the company
against them but the Graft Investigating Officer when he was hired with little interruption as a driver for some
recommended to drop the charges. However, the of the company’s project. Roos Industrial then filed an appeal.
Ombudsman disapproved the recommendation since there However, instead of posting a cash or surety bond, it asked
was substantial evidence. The respondents argued that the for an extension for such posting because their signatories
were on leave as it was during the holidays. The NLRC
dismissed the appeal since Roos failed to perfect it by not respondents pending the appeal of Aris pursuant to RA 6175.
posting the said bond. Thus, this led Roos to bring the matters Aris, arguing that RA 6175 is unconstitutional, brought the
before the Supreme Court. matters before the Supreme Court.
ISSUE: Whether or not posting a cash or surety bond is ISSUE: Whether or not RA 6175 is unconstitutional
necessary to perfect an appeal HELD: NO. The Court finds that the arguments of Aris are
HELD: YES. The Labor Code provides that an appeal may only baseless. To justify the nullification of a law, there must be a
be perfected when a cash or surety bond is posted. The Court clear and unequivocal breach of the Constitution. In this case,
pointed out that the use of the word “only” by the Labor there is no breach of the Constitution. In fact, RA 6175 fulfills
Code suggests that posting such bond is needed to perfect the mandate of the Constitution on labor.
the appeal.
LIM VS PACQUING
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK vs COURT OF APPEALS FACTS: The Charter of the City of Manila was enacted by the
FACTS: The private respondent mortgaged two lots to Congress allowing the city to regulate betting. A few tears
Philippine National Bank (PNB). For failure of the respondent after, EO 392 was issued to transfer the authority to regulate
to pay its obligation, the bank foreclosed and sold the jai-alais from the local government to the Games and
properties through an auction. The Notice of Sale was Amusements Board (GAB). Nonetheless, the City of Manila
published on March 28, April 11, and April 12, 1969 when passed an ordinance allowing Associated Development Corp.
section 3 of Act No. 3135 requires the publication once a (ADC) to operate jai-alai in Manila. Subsequently, President
week for three consecutive weeks. Marcos issued PD 77 revoking all powers of local government
ISSUE: Whether or not PNB failed to publish the Notice of to grant permit to operators of wagers such as jai-alai.
Sale once a week for three consecutive weeks Invoking PD 771, GAB intervened the operations of ACD. ACD,
HELD: YES. The Court pointed out that a week is composed of then, assails the constitutionality of PD 771 on the ground
seven consecutive days. The reckoning point also is the first that it violates the equal protection clause.
day the notice was published. Thus, the first week is from ISSUE: Whether or not PD 771 is unconstitutional
March 28 to April 3, 1969. The second week should then be HELD: NO. The presumption is that a law is constitutional
from April 4 to April 10, 1969. Therefore, the second unless otherwise ruled by the Supreme Court. Article XVIII,
publication should be within April 4 to April 10 and not April Section 3 of the Constitution also provides that a law
11. Hence, PNB failed to publish the Notice of Sale once for consistent with the Constitution remains operative until
three consecutive weeks. amended, repealed, or revoked. In this case, there is nothing
on record to show that PD 771 has been repealed, altered, or
ALU-TUCP VS NLRC amended by any subsequent law or presidential issuance.
FACTS: The petitioners were hired by ALU-TUCP as project Thus, it remains valid and operative.
employees for their Five-Year Expansion Program project.
However, the petitioners filed an action against ALU-TUCP LIM AND LIM VS PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES
and argued that they should be regarded as they have already FACTS: The spouses Lim issued two checks. The first check
exceeded the needed amount of time to be considered as was dishonored because it was drawn from an insufficient
regular employees. The Labor Arbiter ruled that they were account. The second check was never presented upon
project employees but should receive the benefits of regular request of the petitioners who promised to replace the
employees. Upon appeal of both parties, the NLRC ruled that dishonored check. However, petitioners reneged on their
the petitioners were project employees only and should not promise causing the private respondent to file a complaint
be given benefits of regular employees. against them. The spouses were charged and found guilty of
ISSUE: Whether or not the petitioners are project employees estafa by means of bouncing check. The spouses found the
HELD: YES. The Court pointed out that the petitioners were penalties provided by PD 818 which increased the penalties
hired for the completion of the project only and thus, hired for estafa committed by means of bouncing check cruel and
for a specific time only. Furthermore, the work assigned to inhuman. Thus, they argue that PD 818 is unconstitutional.
them are not directly related to the business of steel ISSUE: Whether or not PD 818 is unconstitutional
manufacturing. The Court also emphasized that the provision, HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that to declare a statute
which states that an employee who worked in a company for unconstitutional, there must be a clear and unequivocal
a year shall be considered as a regular employee, relates to breach of the Constitution. Furthermore, the burden of
casual employees and not to regular employees. proving the invalidity of a law rests on those who challenge it.
In this case, the petitioners failed to present clear and
ARIS (PHIL.) INC. VS NLRC convincing proof that PD 818 is unconstitutional.
FACTS: Due to the inaction of the management of Aris Inc. on
the complaints of the private respondents on their work SALVACION VS CENTRAL BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES
environment, the respondents marched to the management’s FACTS: Greg Bartelli lured Karen Salvacion in his apartment in
office. Aris found this action inappropriate and thus, Makati where she detained and raped the girl for four years.
terminated the respondents. As a result, the respondents Karen was able to escape and filed a criminal and civil action
field an action and the Labor Arbiter and the NLRC ruled in against Bartelli. Bartelli was able to post bail and escaped.
favor of them. Both ordered the reinstatement of the The RTC ruled in favor of Karen and thus, the deputy sheriff
served a Notice of Garnishment to Chinabank where Bartelli ISSUE: WON the subsequent administrative code repealed
has an account. However, Chinabank invoked a circular of the the prior code
Central Bank which exempts foreign currency deposits from HELD: NO. By comparing the two codes, the subsequent code
garnishment. did not cover nor attempt to cover the entire subject of the
ISSUE: Whether or not the circular of the Central Bank is old code. Thus, there is no repeal that happened with the
applicable to Bartelli who is guilty of illegal detention and enactment of the subsequent code. Mecano should be
rape allowed to receive his claims.
HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that the application of a law
depends on the extent of its justice. Furthermore, Article 10 PARAS VS COMELEC
of the Civil Code also provides that in case of doubt, it is FACTS: Paras was an incumbent barangay chairman who won
presumed that the lawmaking body intended right and justice in the last regular barangay elections. However, 29.3% of the
to prevail. In this case, applying the law to Bartelli would registered voters in his barangay moved for a recall for
produce injustice. Thus, the circular is not applicable to election which the Comelec approved. Due to the opposition
Bartelli. of Paras, the recall elections was moved and rescheduled to a
later date. Paras then contends that the rescheduled date
ALONZO AND ALONZO VS IAC AND PADUA would violate the Local Government Code which provides
FACTS: Padua siblings inherited a land and partitioned it that there shall be no recall election 1 year from the date of
among themselves. Then, two of them sold their respective assumption of officer or 1 year prior to a regular election. For
portion of the land to the Alonzo spouses. The said spouses him, this would be violated since there would be an SK
put a fence and started to build a house for their son on the election within 1 year from the scheduled recall election.
portion they bought. However, the other siblings were ISSUE: WON the SK election should be considered as a regular
reclaiming the land on the ground that they were not given a election as provided by the Local Government Code
notice of the sale. The RTC denied the argument of the other HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that the intent of the
siblings because evidence presented showed that they have framers in the said provision is to only have one recall
knowledge of the sale even though there was not written election within the term of the elected position. Thus, the
notice. The CA reversed the decision of the RTC because of regular election should include the election of the contested
the need of a written notice. position. Thus, the SK election does not constitute a regular
ISSUE: WON a written notice of sale is needed in this case election since it does not include the election of the barangay
HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that the other siblings chairman. The Court noted that the interpretation of Para
already knew about the sale based on the established facts. would lead to absurdity.
Furthermore, the period for them to reclaim the two portions
of land have already prescribed within the 13 years of not CIR VS ESSO
questioning the sale. FACTS: Esso Standard Eastern Inc. overpaid its tax payment
and the Commissioner granted that the excess payment be a
ALMADOVAR VS PULIDO-TAN, COA tax credit. On the subsequent year, there was a deficiency in
FACTS: Almadovar was a general manager of Isabela Water the tax payment of ESSO. The Commissioner sent Esso a letter
District. The audit team of the water district found out the demanding the latter to pay the all of the deficiency and its
increase in salary of Almadovar has no legal basis. Almadovar corresponding interest. Esso paid but asked for a refund. Esso
argues that the increase was based on RA 9286 which contends that the interest should only be charged on the
repealed the Standard Salary Law (SSL) difference between their excess payment and the deficiency.
ISSUE: WON SSL was repealed by RA 9286 The CIR denied the refund claimed by Esso.
HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that RA 9268 neither ISSUE: WON the refund Esso is entitled for a refund
expressly or impliedly repealed the SSL. There were no HELD: YES. Since the overpayment belong to Esso was already
irreconcilable inconsistencies. As such, the salary of in the hands of the Government, it was neither legally nor
Almadovar should follow the SSL which provides the amount logically possible for Esso to be considered a debtor of the
of salary for government employees. Government. Thus, whatever other obligation Esso might
incur in favor of the Government should be reduced by the
MECANO VS COA overpayment. Courts are not give words a meaning which
FACTS: Mecano was a director of the National Bureau of would lead to absurd consequences.
Investigation (NBI). He was hospitalized for cholecystitis. On
the ground that his hospitalization was service-connected, URSUA VS CA
Mecano was claiming the amount he incurred for his medical FACTS: Ursua was a community and natural resources officer
treatment from COA. However, COA denied the claim and was complained of bribery together with other officials of
because the section of the Administrative Code of 1917 that DENR. His counsel wrote a letter to the Ombudsman and
allowed such compensation was not restated and reenacted asked Ursua to take his letter-request because the messenger
in the Administrative Code of 1987. Thus, COA was arguing was not available. The messenger advised Ursua that Ursua
that the subsequent administrative code repealed the prior could just use his name and Ursua did used the name when
code. he introduced himself in the office. The person who received
the letter found out about it and raised the matter to the
Deputy Ombudsman. Ursua then became accused of violating ISSUE: WON, PD No. 772 which penalizes squatting applies to
CA 192. Later, he was found guilty by the RTC and the CA. agricultural lands only
ISSUE: WON Ursua was guilty of violating CA 192 HELD: Yes. The Supreme Court sustained the decision of the
HELD: NO. The Court pointed out that a literal interpretation RTC that PD No. 772 penalizes squatting on agricultural lands
of the law would lead to absurdity. Thus, it decided to look at only. However, the SC pointed out that it can be clearly
the intent of the framers. The intent of the framers of CA 192 inferred that the intention of PD No. 772 is only to penalize
is to limit the aliases gave by Chinses businessman before. squatting in agricultural lands as provided by its preamble.
Thus, the law does not apply to Ursua. The RTC does not need to apply ejusdem generis because it is
only a tool of statutory construction and applicable only when
SANTIAGO VS COMELEC the intention is not clear.
FACTS: The private respondent, Delfin, filed with the
COMELEC a petition to amend the Constitution by people’s COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS VS ESSO
initiative pursuant to RA 6735. The COMELEC granted the FACTS: Esso is an operator of a petroleum refining plant and a
petition. The petitioners, on the other hand, contended that holder of a concession issued by the Secretary of Agriculture
RA 6735 does not cover initiative on amendments to the and Natural Resources. Pursuant to Act No. 387, Esso is
Constitution and thus, the decision of the COMELEC is void. claiming that they may import free of customs duty during
ISSUE: WON RA 6735 covers initiative on amendments to the five years after the grant of concession. However, the
Constitution Customs charged them with special import tax affirmed by
HELD: NO. Using the subtitle of the act as an intrinsic aid, the the Commissioner pursuant to the enactment of RA 1394. The
Court finds RA 6735 is silent about introducing amendment to Court of Tax Appeals reversed the decision of the
the Constitution. What it covers is initiative and referendum Commissioner.
on national and local laws. Thus, the resolution issued by the ISSUE: WON the exemption provided by Act No. 387 includes
Comelec is void. special import tax
HELD: YES. From the subtitle of RA 1394, it repealed 6 prior
EUGENIO VS EXECUTIVE SECRETARY law and Act No. 387 is not included therein. The Court
FACTS: Porspero Palmiano, the private respondent, pointed out that when a law is ambiguous, the courts may
purchased on installment basis two lots in E & S Delta Village. turn to extrinsic aids such as the the history of the enactment
E & S Village is owned and being developed by the petitioner, of the law. An assessment of the history of the enactment of
Florencio Eugenio. The petitioner received complaints filed by Act No. 387, the purpose of the legislature is to promote
the homeowners’ association for non-development of the exploration of petroleum.
said village and so the National Housing Authority ordered
the petitioner to cease from making further sales of lots VERA VS CUEVAS
within the village. On one hand, while the cases were FACTS: The private respondents in this case manufactures,
pending, Eugenio sold one of the lots bought by Palmiano sells, and distributes filled milk products in the Philippines. On
since the latter stopped making payments. Upon discovery of the other hand, the Commissioner on Internal Revenue
the sale, the Palmiano filed a petition for the annulment of required that the respondents to withdraw their filled milk
the sale and for reconveyance of the lot to him. He argued products in the market because they do not bear the
that he stopped paying because of the NHA’s order and that inscription required by the Tax Code. The inscription is “This
Eigenio failed to develop the village. When the case reached milk is not suitable for nourishment for infants less than one
the Executive Secretary, he ruled in favor of the private year of age.”
respondent pursuant to PD 957. In its appeal, the petitioner ISSUE: WON the filled milk products of the respondents are
argues that PD 957 was not applicable to the case because included in the Tax Code to bear such inscription
the purchase happened before the issuance of PD 958. HELD: NO. The headnote and the provision of the section of
ISSUE: WON PD 958 has retroactive effect the Tax Code which prescribes the inscription specifically for
HELD: YES. A reading of the decree’s preamble provides that skimmed milk products. Unlike skimmed milk, filled milk
the intent of the framers is to remedy the taking advantage of products substitutes the fatty part removed with coconut or
helpless citizens by the subdivision sellers or developers that corn oil. Furthermore, the Board of Food Inspection rendered
included already existing contract at the time of its an opinion that filled milk does not come within the purview
enactment. A careful reading of its provisions as well suggest of Section 169 of the Tax Code. This opinion bolsters the
that PD 957 has retroactive effect. decision of the Court.