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NSGA2 - Slide 07 PDF
NSGA2 - Slide 07 PDF
Tushar Goel
Multi-objective optimization problem
Problems with more than one objectives – typically
conflicting objectives
Cars: Luxury vs. Price
Mathematical formulation
Minimize F(x),
where F(x) = {fi: ∀i = 1, M},
x= {xj: ∀j = 1, N}
Subject to:
C(x) ≤ 0, where C = {Ck: ∀ k = 1, P}
H(x) = 0, where H = {Hl: ∀ l = 1, Q}
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Pareto optimal front
Many optimal solutions
Min f2
Usual approaches:
weighted sum strategy,
ε-constraint modeling,
Multi-objective GA
Algorithm requirements:
Convergence
Spread
Min f1
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Terminology
f2
Non-domination
criterion
Ranking
f1
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Terminology
f2
Niching – parametric
Crowding distance
c=a+b
Ends have infinite
crowding distance
a
f1
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Elitism
f2
Parent
Elitism: Keep
Child
the best
individuals
from the
parent and
child
population
f1
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Flowchart of NSGA-II
Begin: initialize Evaluate objective Rank
population (size N) functions population
Crossover
Report final
population and
Mutation
Stop
No
Evaluate objective
function
Stopping Elitism
criteria
Yes met? Combine parent and
Select N child populations,
individuals rank population
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Elitism Process
Rank 1
Rank 1 Rank 1
population
Child
Rank 2
Rank 3 Combined
Rank 2 Rank 2
population
Rank 4
Rank 3
Rank 3
Rank 1 Elitist selection
population
Parent
Rank 4 New
Rank 2
Rank 3 Rank 5 population
Rank 4 Rank 6
Rank 5+ Rank 7+
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Example: Bicycle Frame Design
Objectives
Minimize area
m
Minimize max. deflection 10 kN
Constraints
Component should be a
valid geometry
Maximum stress < Yield m
stress
( σmax < σ allowed )
Maximum deflection <
Allowed deflection
Plate thickness = 20 mm
( δmax < δallowed )
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Problem Modeling
Shapes are represented by binary strings, where ‘0’
represents void region and ‘1’ represents material
region
Example : A typical binary string is
01110 11111 10001 11111
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Material Properties and GA Parameters
Material Properties
Yield Stress ( σallowed ) 140 MPa
Max Deflection ( δ 5 mm
allowed )
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Pareto Optimal Front
Small increase in
weight leads to large
drop in deflection
Similarly small
change in deflection
allows significant
reduction of the
weight
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Optimal shapes
Least weight
Least deflection
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Other related topics of interest
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