NAME : Lawrence mulenga

COMPUTER No. : 1702001945

COURSE : ANATOMY

LECTURER : Dr Evan Erzingatsian

DUE DATE : 08/06/2020

ASSIGNMENT ;

1) A) Acromial end and B) Sternal end

2) The Sternoclavicular Joint (SC joint) is formed from the articulation of

the medial aspect of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum.  It
is one of four joints that compose the Shoulder Complex.  The SC joint
is generally classified as a plane style synovial joint and has a
fibrocartilage joint disk. [1]  The ligamentous reinforcements of this joint
are very strong, often resulting a fracture of the clavicle before a
dislocation of the SC Joint. [2] The SC Joint is surprisingly incongruent,
and because of this incongruency, a joint disk is present to enhance
joint curvature and contact of the joint surfaces. Similar to meniscus of
the knee, the SC Joint disk increases joint congruence and acts to
absorb forces that may be transmitted along the clavicle. The disk is
attached to the upper and posterior margin of the clavicle, and to the
cartilage of the first rib, which functions to help prevent medial
displacement of the clavicle. This orientation divides the joint into
separate cavities. Greater movement occurs between the disk and the
clavicle than between the disk and the manubrium.

LIGAMENT SHOWN BELOW

1. Anterior Broad band of fibers, covering anterior surface of SC Joint running
Sternoclavicular obliquely from proximal clavicle to sternum in a downward and
Ligament medial direction

2. Posterior Broad band of fibers, covering posterior surface of SC Joint

Sternoclavicular  Weaker than the Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament.
Ligament

3. Costoclavicular Anchors Inferior Surface of Sternal End of Clavicle to 1st Rib & its
Ligament Costal Cartilage

Orientation allows this ligament to act as the Primary Restraint for

the SC Joint

4. Interclavicular Connects Sternal Ends of Each Clavicle with Capsular Ligaments

Ligament and Upper Manubrium
Produces a Bilateral Depression Force

Acromioclavicular Joint
The Acromioclavicular Joint, or AC Joint, is one of four joints that
comprises the Shoulder complex. The AC Joint is formed by the
junction of the lateral clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula
and is a gliding, or plane style synovial joint. The AC Joint attaches the
scapula to the clavicle and serves as the main articulation that suspends
the upper extremity from the trunk

LIGAMENT SHOWN BELOW

 1 Coracoclavicular This combined ligament is the primary support
Ligaments ligament of the AC Joint.  The Coracoclavicular
ligaments run from the coracoid process to the
underside of the clavicle, near the AC Joint.
These ligaments contribute to horizontal
stability, making them crucial for preventing
superior dislocation of the AC Joint. Both
portions also limit rotation of the scapula.

2  conoid ligament fan shaped component of the coracoclavicular

ligament.  It is located more medially than the
trapezoid ligament.

3  trapezoid the more lateral portion of the coracoclavicular

ligament ligament, and is quadrilateral in shape.

4  acromioclavicular  serves to reinforce the joint capsule and serves

ligament  as the primary restraint to posterior translation
and posterior axial rotation at the AC joint.

3). Coracoclavicular Ligaments and acromioclavicular ligament 

4). Clavicle
5). CT evaluation of timing for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis "The clavicle is
the first bone to ossify in the developing embryo and the last to complete epiphyseal union

6). suture

7) The most common site of fracture is the junction between the two
curvatures of the bone which is the weakest point
8) Hemostasis Phase; Hemostasis is the process of the wound being closed by
clotting. Hemostasis starts when blood leaks out of the body. The first step of
hemostasis is when blood vessels constrict to restrict the blood flow

Inflammatory Phase; nflammation is the second stage of wound

healing and begins right after the injury when the injured blood vessels leak transudate
(made of water, salt, and protein) causing localized swelling. Inflammation both controls
bleeding and prevents infection.

Proliferative Phase; The proliferative phase of wound healing is when

the wound is rebuilt with new tissue made up of collagen and extracellular matrix

Maturation Phase; Also called the remodeling stage of wound healing,

the maturation phase is when collagen is remodeled from type III to type I and the wound
fully closes. The cells that had been used to repair the wound but which are no longer
needed are removed by apoptosis, or programmed cell death.

9) she has a fractured bone in the image

10). Compact bone is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue . It can be
found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides
support and protection. whlie Like compact bone, spongy bone, also known as
cancellous bone, contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in
concentric circles. Instead, the lacunae and osteocytes are found in a lattice-like
network of matrix spikes called trabeculae (singular = trabecula) . The trabeculae
may appear to be a random network, but each trabecula forms along lines of stress to
provide strength to the bone. The spaces of the trabeculated network provide balance
to the dense and heavy compact bone by making bones lighter so that muscles can
move them more easily. In addition, the spaces in some spongy bones contain red
marrow, protected by the trabeculae, where hematopoiesis occurs.

11) Paget's disease