Set 19 – Timber and Part 6 – Structural Timber

628 Construction & Construction

13 to 15
Qty Price Total Percentage
Item 1 100 1000 100,000 21.05%
Item 2 200 600 120,000 25.56%
Item 3 500 100 50,000 10.53%
Item 4 250 400 100,000 21.05%
Item 5 150 700 105,000 22.11%
Total Project Cost → P 475,000

Total contract price of project = P475,000

Minor pay item = Item 3

Item 2 (Major pay item) from 200 to 150:

Decrease = 50/200 x 100% = 25% > 15%
Needs Change order
Item 4 (Major pay item) from 250 to 160:
Decrease = 90/250 x100% = 36& > 15%
Need Change order
Item 5 (Major pay item) from 150 to 200:
Increase = 50/200 = 25% > 15%
Item 3 (Major pay item) from 500 to 600:
Increase = 100/500 x 100% = 20% < 25%
No need of Change Order

16 to 18

Quantity AAE Total

Item 1 120 P100.00 P12,000.00
Item 2 50 2,400.00 120,000.00
Item 3 600 150.00 96,000.00
Item 4 80 1,000.00 80,000.00
Item 5 800 150.00 32,000.00
Item 6 500 80.00 40,000.00
Item 7 25 1,200.00 30,000.00
Item 8 3,500 20.00 70,000.00
Total P480,000.00 - AAE
20% of P480,000 = P96,000.00. Thus, only Items 2 and 3 are considered as Major Pay
Items.

Choice A: Increase in Item 1 from 120 to 135 (minor pay item)

Percent Increase = 15/120 x 100% = 12.5% < 25%
Choice B : Decrease in item 3 from 600 to 500 (major pay item)
Percent Decrease = 100/600 x 100% = 16.67% > 15%
Part 6 – Structural Timber Set 19 – Timber and
& Construction Construction 629
Choice C: Decrease in item 2 from 50 to 45 (major pay item)
Percent decrease = 5/50 x 100% = 10% < 15%
Choice D: Increase in item 8 from 3500 to 4300 (minor pay item)
Percent Increase = 800/3500 x 100% = 22.56% < 25%
Thus, Choice B should be covered by change order

19
Bidder A – P 354,368,183.35
Bidder B – P 639,748,264.45
Bidder C – P 483,592,536.94
Bidder D – P 583,584,369.94
Bidder E – P 295,638,824.53
Bidder F – P 385,392,503.81
AAE = P500,000,000.00

Responsive bids:
120% AAE = 600,000,000.00; thus, bidder B is not qualified
60% AAE = 300,000,000.00; thus, bidder E is not qualified
Then,
Average of responsive bids =

Average of responsive bids = P451,734,398.5

AGE = ½[ AAE + Average of responsive bids]
AGE = ½[500,000,000.00 + 451,734398.5] = P 475,867,199.30
Thus, bidders C and D are not qualified and only bidders A and F qualifies.
Between bidders A and F, the award must be given to BIDDER A since A < F.
20
The major pay items are item 2 and 8. the rest are minor pay items.

Choice A: Decrease in quantity from 50 to 37 for Item 2 (major pay)

Difference = 50 – 37 = 13
Percent change = (13/50)100% = 26% > 15%
Therefore, this should be covered by a Change Order

Choice B: Decrease in quantity from 1,000 to 650 for Item 5 (minor pay)
Difference = 1000 – 650 = 350
Percent change = (350/1000)100% = 35% > 25%
Therefore, this should be covered by Change Order

Choice C: Increase in quantity from 500 to 625 for Item 3 (minor pay)
Difference = 625 - 500 = 125
Percent change = (125/500)100% = 25% = 25% (OK)
Therefore, this may not be covered by Change Order
 Set 19 – Timber and Part 6 – Structural Timber
630 Construction & Construction

Choice D: Increase in quantity from 20 to 25 for Item 8 (major pay)

Difference 25 – 20 = 5
Percent change = (5/20)100% = 25% > 15%
Therefore, this should be covered by a Change Order
21
The one which is not authorized by the PBAC is the Representative of Road
Engineering association of the Philippines

22 to 24
Volume of excavation = 3 x 2 x 2 = 12 m3
Volume of concrete:
Vc = (3)(2)(0.6) + (0.45)(0.45)(2 + 2 – 0.6) = 4.29 m3
Area = (0.45 x 4)(2 + 2 – 0.6) = 6.12m2

25 to 27
Cost of equipment, FC ………………….P 4,000,000.00
Useful life, n …………………………….. 5 years
Usage per year …………………………..1000 hours
Maintenance and Repair (MR) ………….100% of straight-line depreciation (d)
Fuel consumption ………………………..10(P10) = P100.00/hr
Oil consumption ………………………….1(P20) = P20.00/hr
Grease consumption …………………….2(P5) = P10/hr
Tires ……………………………………….6(P60,000) = P360,000 for 4000hrs
Taxes/insurance/etc……………………...15% per year
Cost of money ……………………………15%

Annual cost of operation:

Annual cost “A” of FC:
; A = P1,193,262.21

Annual maintenance and repairs:

(straight-line depreciation charge)

Fuel/Oil/Grease, FOG (for one year @ 1000 hours per year)

FOG = (100 + 20 + 10)(1000) = P 130,000

Annual cost = P1,193,262.21 + 800,000 + 130,000 = P 2,123,262.21

Annual taxes, insurance, etc. = 15%(2,123,262.21) = P 318,489.33
Total Annual Cost = P 2,441,751.54
Cost per hour =
Part 6 – Structural Timber Set 19 – Timber and
& Construction Construction 631
Cost of using tires
Total cost of six tires, FC = 6(60,000) = P360,000

Annual cost of tires (n = 4)

360,000 = ; A = P126,095.53 per year

Annual maintenance and repairs:

Annual cost = 126,095.53 +90,000 = P216, 095.53

Annual taxes, insurance, etc. = 15%(216,095.53) = P32,414.33

Total annual cost of tires = 216,095.53 + 32,414.33 = P248.509.85

Hourly cost of tires =
Hourly cost of tires = P248.51 per hour ≈ P 2,40 per hour

The total cost of using the equipment = P2,442 + P248

The total cost of using the equipment = P2,690.00 ≈ P2,700.00

28
Given the quantity of cement per cubic meter of concrete = 9 bags or 9 ft 3
Weight of cement = 9(40) = 360 Kg
Volume of cement = W/ρ = 360 / (1000 x 3.15) = 0.1143 m 3
Required volume of sand = 0.1143(2 ¼) = 0.257 m3
Required weight of sand = (1000 x 2.65)(0.257) = 681.43 Kg

29 to 31
Compute the volume of concrete produced with one bag of cement.

Volume = Loose volume x percent solid

Cement = 1(0.485) ……………… 0.485 ft3 (0.01374 m3)

Sand = 2(0.62) ………………….. 1.240ft3 (0.03514 m3)
Gravel = 4(0.64) ………………… 2.560 ft3 (0.07255 m3)
Water = 6/7.48 ………………….. 0.802 ft3 (0.02273 m3)

Total ……………………………… 5.087 ft3 (0.14416m3)

Thus, 1 bag of cement results to 0.1441 cubic meter of concrete. The required
number of bags of cement is:
 Set 19 – Timber and Part 6 – Structural Timber
632 Construction & Construction

Cement = ⁄

Ingredient Volume Density Weight =

(m3) (Kg/m3) Volume x Density
Cement 0.01374 x 139 1000 x 3.1 5921
Sand 0.03514 x 139 1000 x 2.62 12797
Gravel 0.07255 x 139 1000 x 2.66 26825
Water 0.02273 x 139 1000 3160
Total weight, Kg 484703

Unit weight of concrete = = 2435.15 Kg/m3

32 to 34
Mean Value:

Magnitude, x Frequency fx
F
2800 2 5600
2900 4 11600
3000 6 18000
3100 11 34100
3200 24 76800
3300 37 122100
3400 19 64600
3500 12 42000
3600 6 21600
3700 4 14800
N = 125 411200

∑
Mean value, = = 3289.6 psi

The median value is the middle value when the data are arranged in order of
magnitude. For 125 tests, the median is at the 62 nd and 63rd values. Thus, the median
value is 3300 psi.
Part 6 – Structural Timber Set 19 – Timber and
& Construction Construction 633
Standard deviation (using mean ̅ = 3290 psi)

Deviation
Magnitude Frequency from the fX2
X f mean
X=x-̅
2800 2 -490 480200
2900 4 -390 608400
3000 6 -290 504600
3100 11 -190 397100
3200 24 -90 194400
3300 37 +10 3700
3400 19 +110 229900
3500 12 +210 529200
3600 6 +310 576600
3700 4 +410 672400
N = 125 4,196,500

∑
Standard deviation = √ √ = 183.2

35 to 37
Part I:
Unit weight, w =
Unit weight, w = (7860) x = 1.58 kg/m
Part II:
Length in footing = 0.5 x 4 x 2 = 4 m
Length in column = (0.15 + 3.82) x 4 = 15.88 m
Total length, L = $ +15.88 = 19.88 m
Part III:
Weight = w x L = 1.58(19.88) = 31.4 kg

38 to 40
Part I:
Amount = 20%(15) = P3M
Part II:
Original contract cost = 4,000 x 1,000 = P4M
Maximum amount of change order = P4M + 25%9(P4M) = P5M
Part III:
Maximum change in quantity = 4,000 + 25%(4,000)
Maximum change in quantity = 5,000 units