FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

___________________________________________________________________

Programme : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220)

Course : Applied Mechanics Lab
Code : MEC 424
Lecturer : Profesor Madya Ahmad Kamil Hussain
Group : EMD4M4A
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MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE: TENSILE TEST

No NAME STUDENT ID
1. MUHAMAD AIDIL TASNIM BIN ROSLAN 2018250956
2. MIOR MUHAMMAD MUAZ BIN MIOR HANIP 2018660092
3. MOHAMAD AIDIL HAZIEM BIN MOHAMED ASRI 2018260026
4. MUHAMMAD ALHAM SODIQ BIN ALIMUDDIN 2018801486
5. IZATUL AINA AFIQAH BINTI MOHD ROHAZID 2018801416

REPORT SUBMISSION: 21 / 06 / 2020

(DATE)

*By signing above you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have
contributed to this submission is your own work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result
in an investigation of academic misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work, an “F” in the course, or
possibly more severe penalties.

Marking Scheme

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 Muhamad Aidil Tasnim Bin Roslan (2018250956)

Abstract

Elastics Modulus is defined as the change in stress when applied the strain. The

experiment was done to elastic modulus (E) of beam specimen by using the deflection

method. The purpose of this tensile test was to determine the tensile properties of a mild

steel specimen when it undergoes tensile loading. Apart from that types of fracture

surface were identified after specimen was subjected to tensile loading. Data between

experimental and theoretical was validating. The experiment was conducted by

subjecting the specimen to tensile loading until fracture occurs. The values for stress and

strain were obtained and graph was plotted. It can be concluded that the specimen

exhibited elastic properties up to the load where necking occurs. After this point the

stress increased until the specimen fractured. From the results obtained, it is indicated

that mild steel has relatively high tensile strength and ductility.

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Contents

1.0 Tittle..........................................................................................................................................6

2.0 Objectives................................................................................................................................6

3.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................6

4.0 Theory......................................................................................................................................8

5.0 Experimental procedures.....................................................................................................10

5.1 Location of Experiment.........................................................................................................10

5.2 Apparatus...............................................................................................................................10

5.3 Experimental procedure.......................................................................................................11

6.0 Results and data analysis....................................................................................................12

7.0 Discussion..............................................................................................................................13

9.0 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................19

10.0 References.............................................................................................................................20

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LIST OF TABLE

No Table Page
1 Table 1: Beam size 13
2 Table 2: Deflection of beam 13

3 Table 3: Result of Elastic Modulus 15

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LIST OF FIGURES

No Figures Page
1 Figure 1: Typical stress-strain of a material 8

2 Figure 2 : Vernier Caliper 9

3 Figure 3 : Tensile Test Machine 9

4 Figure 4 : Rectangular Specimens 10

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 Muhamad Aidil Tasnim Bin Roslan (2018250956)

1.0 Tittle
Tensile Test

2.0 Objectives

To determine the tensile properties subjected to tensile loading. Besides, the

experiment is to identify the types of fracture surface under pure torque. Lastly, to
validate the data between experimental and theoretical values.

3.0 Introduction
In designing mechanics, bending (otherwise called flexure) portrays the conduct of
a slim basic component exposed to an outside burden applied oppositely to a hub of the
component. The supporting component is thought to be with the end goal that in any
event one of its measurements is a little division, commonly 1/10 or less, of the other two.

In all buildings, it is imperative to foresee the reaction of materials to stresses. The

basic component is thought to be with the end goal that at any rate one of its
measurements is a little portion. At the point when the length is extensively longer than
the width and the thickness, the component is known as a pillar. Twisting in the bar is a
significant factor in building and development since it needs to quantify load put on the
bar. Bar assumes a significant job in the avionic business. The explanation is so
imperative to anticipate reaction in the avionic business is because aviation vehicles are
so weighted delicate. Shaving a couple of pounds off the heaviness of an airplane could
mean expanded execution and eco-friendliness. In extraordinary conditions, an airplane
that is too substantial won't fly. Weight is a considerably increasingly significant factor in
the shuttle. It is as yet vital anyway that these airplanes and rocket can deal with
extraordinary burdens and g-powers. The inability to appropriately foresee how materials
will perform under pressure could bring about unfortunate disappointment.

The deflection of a spring bar relies upon its length, its cross-sectional shape, the
material uses, where the diverting power is applied, and how the bar is upheld. Deflecion
is brought about by numerous sources, for example, loads, temperature, development
blunder, and settlements. It is critical to incorporate the estimation of avoidances into the
planning technique to forestall auxiliary harm to optional structures (cement or mortar
dividers or rooftops) or to take care of uncertain issues. The distortion of a beam is

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normally communicated as far as its deflection from its unique emptied position. The
avoidance is estimated from the first impartial surface of the shaft to the nonpartisan
surface of the distorted pillar. The arrangement accepted by the twisted nonpartisan
surface is known as the flexible bend of the shaft.

Deflections are frequently brought about by inner loadings, for example, bending
moment and axial force. Bending is one of the structure mechanics, describes the
conduct of a thin basic component exposed to an outside burden applied oppositely to a
longitudinal axis of the component. Bending of bars is much of the time experienced
stacking circumstance by and by. A slim part subject to navigate loads is named as a
shaft under bending. At any cross-area, the transverse loads create shear and bending
second to look after harmony. The bending causes an adjustment in the bend of the bar
and prompts tensile and compressive stresses in the cross-segment of the shaft. Most
extreme stresses are accomplished in layers farthest from the neutral axis, the layer at
which strain is zero.

Bending additionally the primary concern to guarantee the structure material

picked for a structure will be secure. Individuals would prefer not to work in a structure in
which the floor support avoids an exorbitant sum, despite the fact that it might be in no
peril of coming up short. Thus, limits are regularly positioned upon the admissible
avoidances of a bar, just as upon the burdens. At the point when burdens are applied to
a shaft their initially straight tomahawks become bent. Relocations from the underlying
tomahawks are called bending or flexural diversions. The measure of flexural avoidance
in a shaft is identified with the pillars territory snapshot of inertia, I the single applied
concentrated load, P length of the beam, l the modulus of elasticity, E, and the situation
of the applied burden on the beam. The measure of deflection because of a solitary
concentrated burden P is given by:

P L3
δ=
kEI

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4.0 Theory

Stress

Yield Fracture
UTS

Strain
Figure 1: Typical stress-strain of a material

These important parameters obtained from the standard tensile testing are useful for the
selection of engineering materials for any applications required the :
a- Yield stress

b- Ultimate tensile stress

c- Elastic or Young’s modulus, ɛ of a material can all be determine from the stress-
strain curve for that materials.

Stress:
P

A0

Strain:
Stress:


P L0

A0
Young’s Modulus:

  E

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 Muhamad Aidil Tasnim Bin Roslan (2018250956)

5.0 Experimental procedures

5.1 Location of Experiment

Via Youtube / Strength laboratory

5.2 Apparatus
1. Vernier caliper

Figure 2 : Vernier Caliper

2. Tensile test machine

Figure 3 : Tensile Test Machine

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3. Rectangular specimens

Figure 4 : Rectangular Specimens

4. Extension gauge
5. Load gauge

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5.3 Experimental procedure

Figure 8: Experiment set up

1. The apparatus was set up as shown in Figure 1.

2. The measurement of each material’s (mild steel, brass and aluminium)
length, width and thickness were taken.
3. The length of L and x is measured 400 mm and 100 mm by using ruler
provided.
4. The middle point from length L is calculated to put the gauge onto the point
at the beam surface.
5. The load holder was tightened used screw driver between point L and x that
measured.
6. The scale on the dial gauge was set to zero.
7. 2 Newton loads was added at both holder (Right side and Left side).
8. The reading on the dial gauge was recorded.
9. Every reading recorded from the gauge is time by 0.01mm.
10. Step 7 and 8 is repeated until both side of load were added to 16 Newton
loads.
11. The procedure was then repeated again but using different type of specimen.
12. All the data collected was shown in the result.
13.

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9.0 References

Books

R.C.Hibbeler. (2014). “Mechanics of Materials Ninth edition.”

Beer & Johnston (2006). Mechanics of Materials (5th edition). McGraw Hill.

p. 210. ISBN 978-0-07-352938-7.

Farsi, A., Pullen, A. D., Latham, J. P., Bowen, J., Carlsson, M., Stitt, E. H., &

Marigo, M. (2017, April 11). Full deflection profile calculation and Young's modulus

optimisation for engineered high performance materials. Retrieved April 9, 2019, from

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep46190

Ferdinand P. Beer, E. Russell Johnston Jr. , John T. DeWolf. Mechanics of Materials.

2002. McGraw-Hill. New York.

R.C. Hibbeler (2017). Mechanics of Materials: Global Edition. Harlow, United

Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.

Internet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_bending

https://www.princeton.edu/~humcomp/bikes/design/desi_64.htm

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10.0 Appendixes

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 Muhamad Aidil Tasnim Bin Roslan (2018250956)

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Teamwork Assessment Form

Name : Muhamad Aidil Tasnim Bin Roslan

Members’ name : 1. Mior Muhammad Muaz Bin Mior Hanip

2. Mohamad Aidil Haziem Bin Mohamed Asri
3. Muhammad Alham Sodiq Bin Alimuddin
4. Izatul Aina Afiqah Binti Mohd Rohazid

Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self 1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5
I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 4 5
I was fair to my teammates and myself 4 5 5 5 5
I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5
I was very committed and focused in my team 5 4 5 5 5
I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5
I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5
I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 4 5 5
I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 4
Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5
Total 49 49 49 49 49
Comment
Self:

Member 1: Kind

Member 2: Helpful

Member 3: Optimist

Member 4: Calm

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