OTF) GOVT. COLLEGE, LIBRARY 7 KOTA (Raj.) Students can retain library books only for two weeks at the most. - BORROWER'S DUE DTATE No. ¢ SIGNATURE ~Pai snes TIETH ) yeccdé. CENTURY DICTIONARY URDU INTO ENGLISH OVER 50,000 WORDS, PHRASES AND PROVERBS USED IN SPOKEN AND LITERARY URDU WITH COPIOUS GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS as\ COMPILED BY 7) : PROF. BASHIR AHMAD QURESHI WITH A FOREWORD BY PROF. GOP! CHAND NARANG HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF URDU & Dean, Faculty of Humanities & Languages. JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY, NEW DELHI Educational Publishing House . 3108, Vakil Street, Dr. Mirza Ahmad Ali Marg, Lal Kuan, DELHI-110006 (INDIA) EDUCATIONAL BOOK JIGUSE FARKET = 402001© COPYRIGHT No part of this book may be reproduced im original or translation without the explicit permission of the publishers in whom its copyright fully vests SECOND REPRINT 1982 ” STUDENTS EDITION Rs. 30.00 PHONE No 526162 Printed by MM. Khan for the publisher and printed at Taj Offset PresspeihiFORETDORE BY Prof. Gopi Chand 1 .1rang Head, Dept.of Urdu & Dean, Faculty of Humanities and Languages Jamia Millia Islamia The publication of the Standard Twentieth Century Dictionary: Urdu-English, compiled by Mr. Bashir Ahmad Qureshi will be welcomed by Urdu speakers and students in. India. This dictionary is different from other dictionaries in the sense that it contains modern English renderings of over 50,000 phrases and words used in the present-day literary Urdu. This is perhaps the first dictionary which has appeared with illustrations. It is hoped that with the ensuing editions these will be further improved. The art of lexicography as it is practised in some of the developed languages of the western and eastern hemisphere is a challenging one, and some excellent models have been produced in English, French, Russian, German, Japanese and other languages. The Urdu lexicography has to take many strides to catch up with the standards set by scholars of these languages. It should be recalled that the European orientalists like John Gilchrist, John Shakespeare, Duncan Forbes, S.W. Fallon and John Platts did some excellent work in the field of Urdu-English lexicography. Of these Forbes’ and Fallon’s work laid a sound foundation for John Platts’ excellent comprehensive Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English. A lot of lexical work went in the preparation of this dictionary, and so much care was taken to explore the Sanskritic, Prakritic, Arabo-Persian and Turkish sources of Urdu and Hindustani words, that later this monumental work became a rich source-material for scholars working on the etymological sources of the lexical terms. The next landmark was achieved by Baba-e-Urdu, Maulvi Abdul Haq, who inspired some of the leading scholars of the day like the late Dr. Abdus Sattar Siddiqui and the late Dr. Abid Husain to assist him in the preparation of the Standard English - Urdu Dictionary for which the Concise Oxford English-English Dictionary served as the model. This work, though it needs revision and updating, is still in vogue. The present Standard Twentieth Century Dictionary gives the semantic equivalents extensively. It lists substantives and verbals separately,and also discusses proverbs and idioms. The calligraphy is in nastalig to ensure its extensive use. Though the phonological table does not follow the phonetic detail exhaustively, still it is fairly representative. There has been a shift in the pronunciation of words where ‘h’ is preceded or followed by a short vowel like te A os, 2h mS « g$ 4 be be ot ng me et Ce ¢ (hes (he fan The pronunciation obviously involves lowering and fronting of short vowels like zer, zabar and pesh when preceding or following the ‘h’ sound. The compiler has done his best to indicate the current pronunciation of the Urdu words with the help of an elaborate system of transliteration. The efforts of Mr. M.M. Khan, (Mr. India), proprietor, Educational Publishing House, Delhi. who is bringing out this Dictionary for the benefit of Urdu students and readers in this country. are commendable. I hope the Dictionary will serve the purpose for which it is being brought out. Jamia Millia Islamia (Prof.) Gopi Chand Narang December 13, 1980© COPYRIGHT No part of this book may be reproduced in original or translation without the eaplicit permission of the publishers in whom its copyright fully vests. SECOND REPRINT 1962 * STUDENTS EDITION” Rs. 30.00 PHONE No..526162 Prii inted by M. M. Khan for the publisher and Printed at : Taj Ofiset PressDethiFORETLORD BY Prof. Gopi Chand 1.1rang Head, Dept.of Urdu Dean, Faculty of Humanities and Languages Jamia Millia Islamia The publication of the Standard Twentieth Century Dictionary: Urdu-English, compiled _ by Mr. Bashir Ahmad Qureshi will be welcomed by Urdu speakers and students in_ India. This dictionary is different from other dictionaries in the sense that it contains modern English renderings of over 50,000 phrases and words used in the present-day literary Urdu. This is perhaps the first dictionary which has appeared with illustrations. It is hoped that with the ensuing editions these will be further improved. The art of lexicography as it is practised in some of the developed languages of the western and eastern hemisphere is a challenging one, and some excellent models have been produced in English, French, Russian, German, Japanese and other languages. The Urdu lexicography has to take many strides to catch up with the standards set by scholars of these languages It should be recalled that the European orientalists like John Gilchrist, John Shakespeare, Duncan Forbes, S.W. Fallon and John Platts did some excellent work in the field of Urdu-English lexicography. Of these Forbes and Fallon’s work laid a sound foundation for John Platts’ excellent comprehensive Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English. A lot of lexical work went in the preparation of this dictionary, and so much care was taken to explore the Sanskritic, Prakritic, Arabo-Persian and Turkish sources of Urdu and Hindustani words, that later this monumental work became a rich source-material for scholars working on the etymological sources of the lexical terms. The next landmark was achieved by Baba-e-Urdu, Maulvi Abdul Haq, who inspired some of the leading scholars of the day like the late Dr. Abdus Sattar Siddiqui and the late Dr. Abid Husain to assist him in the preparation of the Standard English - Urdu Dictionary for which the Concise Oxford English-English Dictionary served as the model. This work, though it needs revision and updating, is still in vogue. The present Standard Twentieth Century Dictionary gives the semantic equivalents extensively. It lists substantives and verbalsseparatelyand also discusses proverbs and idioms. The calligraphy is in nastaliqg to ensure its extensive use. Though the phonological table does not follow the phonetic detail exhaustively, still it is fairly representative. There has been a shift in the pronunciation of words where ‘h’ is preceded or followed by a short vowel like ty bye oe ne Ye em tie PEL pe A Ob The pronunciation obviously involves lowering and fronting of short vowels like zer, zabar and pesh when preceding or following the ‘h* sound. The compiler has done his best to indicate the current pronunciation of the Urdu words with the help of an elaborate system of transliteration. The efforts of Mr. M.M. Khan, (Mr. India), proprietor, Educational Publishing House, Delhi, who is bringing out this Dictionary for the benefit of Urdu students and readers in this country. are commendable. I hope the Dictionary will serve the purpose for which it is being brought out. Jamia Millia Islamia (Prof.) Gopi Chand Narang December 13, 1980FORETORDP BY Dr. 8.M. Abdullah, M.A.,D. Litt. General Secretary, West Pakistan Urdu Academy; Chairman, Department of Urdu Encyclopaedia, University of the Punjab; Formerly Principal and Head of the Deparment of Urdu, University Oriental College, Lahore. The present Standard Urdu-English Dictionary compiled by Prof. Bashir Ahmad Qureshi is decidedly an advance on the previous lexicographical works of this nature. The author has already won fame and distinction by producing an equally valuable English-Urdu Dictionary which is perhaps; the best practical reference book in its own field. In the present dictionary, the author has taken great pains to indicate accent. He has also endeavoured to guide the reader in exact pronunciation. For instance, we find highly accurate transliteration of some extremely difficult phonetic complexities, rendered intelligible to an ordinary reader—especially the foreign reader—by means of a well-thought-out system. Some such words as (=| and j=] are often difficult to be pronounced correctly by a foreign learner because in the original language (i.e., Arabic), the first alifis whereas in Urdu, in spite of its being Z it is pronounced somewhat differently, with the result that in the interest of accuracy the author had to transliterate these, as eh tiram and ehtiraz, instead of ihtiram and iktiraz which do not correspond with the spoken form. 4 : Similarly, We have the Persian word »—?~ which is neither —?” nor ~—?7but midway between the two forms—and it was extremely difficult for the compiler to reproduce it in its pure accuracy except as shaih'r. This secms to be correct because, the common transliteration shehr too is not in correspondence with the spoken form. These instances would amply indicate the intricacies of the problems facing the author of this dictionary. Prof. Bashir Ahmad Qureshi has incorporated quite a large number of new words drawn form English and other foreign languages. These words now form a part of the Urdu langdage and deserve a place in such a compilation. The number of such words is larger in this dictionary than in any other compilation of the same nature. In my opinion, the present work is a great achievement and will be found extremely helpful in spreading the Urdu language in the English-speaking countries. It would also be of great help to all those, in Pakistan as well as abroad, who are called upon to undertake the work of translation from Urdu into English. West Pakistan Urdu Academy, S. M. Abdullah Lahore.PREFACE The cultural-cum - national language of the Islamic State of Pakistan has long deserved a much less shabby lexicographic treatment than a mere-reprint of Platts* outdated dictionary (issued recently) or a plethora of publications based on it. This is the raison d'etre of Kitabistan’s 20th-Century Standard Urdu-English Dictionary now being offered to the public. This is a dictionary with a difference in that it makes a truly linguistic approach to Urdu lexico- graphy. It comprises well over half a lakh words, phrases and proverbs onc most frequently comes across in one’s contact with people or literature today. These are explained in various nuances and their modern English renderings are set out in all accuracy. All this makes the present compilation profitable for the common reader, illuminating for the foreign learner and indispensable for the student who is called upon to translate passages into English as an essential part of the examinatons. ___The transliteration system adopted for indicating the pronunciation of Urdu words in this dictionary is based on principles which are by and larg accepted by modern Orientalists. It has the added advantage of being akin to the Roman Urdu script used for army education in this sub- continent over the past few generations. A special feature of this work is the indication of accent in the pronunciation of Urdu words. This is not just an innovation. The attempt was first made by Dr. Fallon and his talented team, in New Hindustani-English Dictionary but has been overlooked by compilers ever since, resul- ting in ludicrous phonetic errors by foreign speakers of the language. The present work which owes a lot to that epoch-making lexicon as well as to Farhang-i-Asafiyyah and Nur-ul-Lughat, revives the unique feature in addition to presenting many new ones. Preference in vocabulary, idiom and pronunciation in this compilation is gi i r ry, id 0 J mpilation is given mainly to the Western dialect of Urdu which is cognate with the various regional languages of the sub-continent. A word about etymological notes on various entries in this dicti i Amy a s in this dictionary. For headwords of Arabic origin, the Urdu form closest to the Arabic root is given as bein: i i the ordinary student of Urdu than the Arabi f Baar eerivee ere Wan traced dine rdu ic root itself. English derivatives are not traced further beyond, Pasi Resrhul Special interest. Other languages of origin are indicated at relevant places. onan » the derivation is not given, the word must be considered to be purely Urdu in The unprecedented reception accorded ii ilati publisher to bring out this edition on photo blocks Wath the Ura ontries in mestarlig ones rather with the Urdi ies it i 4 than naskh type. That should serve to make it still more presentable Poe eee eee Bashir A ‘Qureshi’ABBREVIATIONS Following abbreviations have been used in this book : Arabic abbreviation and archaic causative colloquial conjunction contraction corruption deprecatory derogatory dialect diminutive English euphemism feminine figurative following Greek Hebrew Hindu intransitive imperative interjection ironical jocose Titerary masculine Math N. nurs. occ. ono. opp. P PH. PL. Por. pr. PREC. PREF. PRON. PROV. rare. SING. SUF. SHe YYeertab-e hacudk (ped. -Aa’yavan’) nem. name ofa fabulous spring — water of life ; water of immortality : nectar we lret ab- ne Khas'sah num, (arch,) drin! ing water Set apart for Toyalty, etc, 78 wie ‘nah WM water repository AP ATab-e lat WF sweat caused by shame, bashfulness or remorse ue ab‘khorah w.m. earthenware cup bse 7f "khore Bhai'na v.v Gill catthenware cups with cold drink as an offering , make an offer- 7 FE Arab’ hig wm. & avy. (and) with high water-table sl4T ab'dar tay butler one in tharge of drinking water ap}. + lustrous , polished ; burnished + aed gem) or high water . lustrous - well-temper- ed (steel) sharp (eword) Lola Taliéar kha'nah wx, _repository of drinking | water we celiaheb eT ‘ab da'nah wm (col) * oh employment + means of subststance ~ for destiny 27 ab'-dast vam, water Tor washing Be anus and hands after evacuation — laving water Wheaten -dast lent v.t. wash one’s anus, lave Yhowiab-e dai'dahn xm lustre of~” polish of teeth ufteyfab-e dakax’ Num. saliva e441 ab-di'dah apy. tearful auv in tears: cweeping UyjensTab-ditdak ho'na vit. be in, tears ; shed tears , have tears in the eyes a4} UYfab-didah kar'na v.t bring tears to (some, one’s) eyes ; cause (someone) to weep ww ab de'na v1. temper (steel) burnish ; polish 4 /Tab-e raih'mat N.m. (fig.) rain; much-needed rain salvation ; deliverance ; divine mercy 77 ab-rez’ NF spoon for pouring water into, nkpot place where water falls Ulssefab-e rava‘i NM. runy, ning water (arch.) lawn ; fine muslin) ab-e zar',N.m gold water , liquid gold aj L0L Lab gar’ se liki’ne ke qa’bil Px. golden, ‘Jy 9A ab-e zolal’ n.m. pure clear water(yiey] ab-e zam' zam NM water of the sacred Meccan well, Zam Zam gztat'-can . medicinal bath USUI eb’-zan kar'na iNT give (some- one) medicinal bath 19”! ab-e shor’ NAM. salt water sea ,-water Ahab-¢ ‘ish'rat mu. (fig.) wine Tab -B sh N.M. (arch,) water-carrier drawer of water Jf ue] ab-e kaii'sar xa. : water of the heavenly river, Kausar < nectar; water of life uf ab- gazar’ Nam (rare) wicercourse ¢Sefajer gar'm Nm. hot water warm water, ys Tab-e siilgoon’ wu, (fig.) red wine eJrTap-c gosh't ap _ (rare) pour oe v b Tab" -Zo0h * azure urpished ”T ab-gir’ Nm. (arch.) reservoir We i ab'-gift AD). a eyes) watety , tearful *jab-e-m7gat'tar wat, dis- tilled water e475] ab-e nada’mat WM. sweat caused by shame or remorse saw psyo4 i eet ab ad dak mau'zah kasti'dah py. t90 “ hereditary [A ~ sinc eyf father] (7 abad' apj. populated area) cult ay I vated (land) _ thriving, prosperous happy sur borough; colony, towa s¥ti abad'-kar v.m. S settler ; colonizer —_pronecr colonialist cultivator 3 one cultivating uncommanded land Cabot Tabad-ka’ 3 NFO colonization settlement , rehabilitation GoW Giniza’m-e abad’ka'ri 24. colonialism colonial system Uys sblabad’ raih'na v.1. con- tinue to prosper ; thrive SUT abad kar'na v.t. settle; colonize ‘make (place) habitable populate bring uncommanded land under the plough eS vi S ghar abad’ kar'nav.t. get married ~ marry bgt abad’ ho'na va. prosper _—_be_, colonized live happily with husband 33 1,fabada’m | W.F. (arch.) being inhabited _ prosperity Goll aba'di N.c. population inhabitants (of, an area) habitation ; prosperity ev sti abadigyal N.F. demography Gu »t7 abadiyya'h ApJ. demographic [P] 7 ab'rooN.F. honour _ prestige chaz 4 ‘ racter fame’ (Bey uta ab'-r00 autar'na (or bigay'na Or lena) dis grace ; defame ; dishonour Tape ; ratish ; violate the chastity (of) VUL5.¢Tab’rao bacha’ na vir, & 1. safeguard (one’s or someone’s) honour CLA Fab" r00 bekhsh'na vt, confer butte 2 ab'r00 kak mea mila'na v7. disgrace defame jmy ¥| = slander ruin (someone's) character if Sees Chab'roo khak meh mil'na vii. be disgraced, have one’s character ruined Ln /1 _4b'r00 bayh'na v.1. (Of someone) have greater honour: gain more honour (Us s/Tab'roo bana'né vit. build up (one's) prestige earn a good name for (oneself) biz i —ab'roo par har'f a'na, © CytsLT ab'ro0" meh bat'ta lag’na v.1. be disgracedy3/lab'roo rakt'na v.. have honour; enjoy reputation yss/Fab"coo re'zs NE disgrace humiliation slan- der ; calumny rape wSepsAab' re rez kar'na vt. disgrace humiliate _slan- der rape (37,8 Ya flab'r00 ka la‘goo ho'na, val. try to ruin (someone's) character 4941 ab'roo Kio'na v.1. lose one’s reputation yy Chab'r00 ke prchihe par'na v.r. try to ruin (some- ~ one’s) character Shy bice a pilessiab'r00 Jag meh ra‘he to badsha’hi ja'niye PROV. one has, everything if one’s honour is retrieved 4%J] abroomand’ ADJ. respectable the-GfTabroomage, da'nah avj. honourable apv. honourably OFA abroomaj'di N.F. honour _ respectability P ~Yfwater +4 face], GF eefabspa' at NF., (gs Ujab-ya'ri N.F. [see under, T° IN. &) . fou ©) (Vab'doz’ N.¥., ADJ. submarine g~—Zy4/ab' Aah J doz’ kash’ Nur. submarine nasil, stitch ; pierce] ; Go2 Fabas' tard aD}. (lit.) pregnant (with) [PJ o, , 2s7ab-shar’ N.F. (ped, 4.) water- aly fall; cataract ; cascade [P~ ei+s0). w bp abie' NF. excise WEN excise duty __ distillery go feemailkama-e ab-ka'ri,, NM. Excise department [P~ 4 18] ° Gab‘ gi'nah nom. ~ glass crystal goblet _, winecup ; wiricbow! ; wineglass [P ~ «7-. se +48 wab'lah N.M. blister bAiab'la pa any. J having blisteys on the fect fig.) tired ; exhausted O42Ta'ble pa’ nF. (fig.) fatigue; exhaustion zi ffab'la roo, apj. & N.M. pock- marked (person) Qs4-f/ ab'la roo"§ Ne. being pock-markéd [P] oe (faba NF straits Go4ZUhay -nai”’-e basfo'ras N.F. Bosphrus Straits [P7142 pipe] ei tesrTabneet ka, fat dark person (7 2° abnoos’ N.m. ebon' SIN tanideh wee. Coe) ebony ; made of chony abnoo'sé AD. black [P] Tabi avy. aquatic: water marine , moist light blue bread made from meal kneaded in water in place of milk s-bun o487 a‘bi bas'j NLM, pL, Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces as three signs of zodiac supposcd to be watery in nature wegla'tit 4 tar'f NF, letter(s) BG 5 Us GS Ssupposed to be watery in nature (Py i] 2 7)aba'na NM. water cess; charges for wee supply of itrigational water [-Po rt ap PRON. (polite for) you self selves ourself fe ap ap NM. syco- e phancyiToig’h ap kar'na vs. flatter ; fawn upon’ 7% lsciefia'p ae bha'g ae PH. most welcome "you bring us good fortune big EZ heTa'p apne pa" oh par kalha'sg Marna (yh ieleeTa'p apni qab'r Hhod'na PROV. dig one’s own grave BigtEngtap ach'chhe Jjakan' ach’ cha, Jo_ jke Fi ap” bha'le to Jag’ bha'la prov, good mind good find GWelap’ bha' ay. (rate) according to one’s own’ pleasure Gap’ 3G —_autgbiography, story of one’s own suffering (WY ALkei (24pap" ja'nen ap’ ka kam’ (ja'ne) Px” ~ you do as you like vthat’s none of my business eprle2hFaTap’ kiara'de ap’ mura'de Pv. (W. dial.) selfich (person) - (one) posing to be happy despite povertyeshik AUT op dal’ dal' mai'h pat’ pat pu. Tam more, a match for you in clevernesswfse2 O/T mn U3 ap doo'be to jag! do0'ba, aarti S14 SYsueap" zit'dah jahan’ zif'dah up’ mur'dah jahan' miir'dah, |fedgjicaflap’ mit'e to jig mn’ prov. death’s day is doomsdayeie“Tap’ se px, from you of-you ADv. by itself ; by cne-. self Flacegfap’ se ap avv. by itself of its own accord voluntarily —_ spontaneously untolicited lonely jouTap' se a'be ho'na Pa. be debased ftp, lee/fap se ga'zer ja'nav.1, renounce oneself “ (of soméone), be no longer of use to anyone foltVet ap ka ba’yah qa'dam ti'jiye Px (iron. is‘ pastmaster in fraudulence ¢,¥lyG¥siap!, kaj, ma’ha kaj prov. eelf-done ik well done A eh ap! ka bye digar'ia hai pu. you don’t stand to loser bb yer kiediay ka pas’ (ob sigla'haza or muhh) hai PH, it is only for your, sake ; it is just out of respect (or regard) for youa SA fay ka (ap'na) ghar’ hai pry. feet " yourself at perfect ease in my house ff ap’ ko PRON. oneself to you Leyte Testap" fo asman par khenkh'na v1. give “oneself airs ; puton airs Coy efTap' ko bhool’ ja'na v.1. forget one’s humble “beginnings UL SerTap’ fo pa'na y.t. make a cortect appraisal of one- self eS Sectap! ko door’ kheich na v.t. keep oneself aloof (from someone) through pride, (ete.) UXT SAT ap’ kp dabo'na v.7. ruin one- sel (ET Sb) byeSS Tap ko Kho'na (or Kio a’na lose oneself (in), (fig.) become oblivious of oneself LE Sf 2 WeTap’ khal’e bil’ ko bata'’e PH. lay own blame at another’s door ; shift blame to escape censurelyy tL Tap’ ke hai (or ya'hah) avv. + at yotlr place~ in your milieu tu Een er Juciap" miyak soo'bedar, ghar meh U'vi jhoi'ke bhar PROV. one putting on airs with penury prez, vailing at home cshg EEL Jay st ap’ myah maig'ta (or nah'ge) ba'har kha're darvesh’ PROV. what help cana pemurious per- son render the needy uth ibe ap ha're bil koma're ru. a bad workman quarrel with his tools making a scapegoat of some- onesie ap’ hiap' avy. allalone. alll by oneself. by itself spontaneously (f/ Glee Lew eR Ap hi Ht jos tison ka sad'qah hai Pit, it is.all due to you/{or your training, ete.) thanks to-you Ld; Pes ectap! Ii ma're ap hi ane PROV. culprit pretending inno- cence Gf a‘pi PRON. (also 4) Ja'sz zh himself fetes t win ? aia 7 ap) by "Ea ra wr, elder sister LIE Fate Kt a'pa” 2 X.F., simple woman" ‘simpleton Y eee NM. self one’s senses ;/ self= 2! control glo Lj a'pa dha'pi wr. ‘selfish scramble! lac? via'pa sunbhal'na va. come to (one’s) senses * UnjlerdAa'pe se bahar ho'ng va ibe beside oneself (with 3 Tage) ; fly into @ passion- be in ecstacy oo, ana V.1. co cy VILL a'pe men -t. Come to one’s senses [*, ho'na vit. Ue a be in one’s scnsos, a f Pas NF, mutuali alpas Te wot ity (used only as SLT da ra Wy a a Tmutual af a'pas Ka ma‘amalah prs. four) 3 (our) internal affair’ otuef ‘a’ pas y Privat ely between ‘xr, (fig.) ourselves, Cauytutia pas met raihna vi. live together (peacefully, etc. )eia' past ADJ. (rare) mutual re} es between Triends © together ~ Aaa PRON. (CONT. of Gl) (see under Me PRON. 4) 7 ener a'tash (pop. a’tizh) NF. fire 5 confliss,- bration anger ; rage ; passion firebrand 4197 fatesh-afza’rah nam. (arch.) rocket SiG Tatash-afrez’ Ap}. kindling seditious Nua. fuel incendiary | mis- chicf-monger or Wfatash-of “gan, shife? Falashe aidaz’ avy. fire-spitting wom. spithre 4,547 alash-afgez’ ADJ. incendiary stirring up fire seditioussb24lash-bar’ avy. raining fire fiery tm. (arch.), musket tinder-box = yee : od Mee ed AueAja'tosh-baz x.m, fireworks. exhibitor ov manufacturer ; pyrotechnist 45312) baat N.Y. fireworks ; Pyrotechnics Ge Pia lash-bayait’ ADJ. fiery (speaker) our fa'tash-ba yard WT. being a fiery speaker 532-7’ tash-e be-dood' wine sun rage oho Tatash-pa'rah xm. spark Hi eee ae provoler of quarrels pj. quarrelsomegjatash- parast’ x.u. fireworshipper ; Gue-, bre ; Magus ; Zoroastrian GA? ales alash-paras' fi NAF. fireworship 14 p44 tash- fai kar xm. creature of flery -region sur eer fa'task-paima’ xm. pyrometer A777 a'tash-e tar' wir. (fig). wine lips ofa pretty woman GZ fa'tash-e charkh’ wr. (rare) aurora p> Aizgfatash-e khamosh’ v.T- extinguished fire (fig.) dormant passion ib 7 fatash-kha'nak xm. (arch.) fire tome, ple fireplace powder magazine A lash-Khoo. apy. fiery sy fatash-khar’ Nate, fire-eater " red‘legged partridge oe atash-dan’ NM. fireplace hearth wort a'fash-rinkh ADJ. rosy-checked sy ép'Ta'tash-rez’ Adj. fire-spitting incendiary —quarrél- inciting YLIG-Ta' tash-cabar! ADL. fiery (speaker) §4-2fa'tash-za'dagt nur. fire ; conflag- kare sia ADJ. burnt out gurted HH 78 tash-2a2’ nm. arson one committing, (arch.) touchwood 3 7z1ash-za'nt NP arson LO iatasn ze't-e pa’ apy, restless Uk ia’ tash-s sayyal’ we (fig.) wine GESt Je bby a'tashe-shaug’ (or ishlizag’) N.x, strong desire (to meet, etc.) passion Coa tash- tab" Ad). hot-tempered ; trascible pas sionate yUY Pia tashfishat’ ADJ fire-spittsng nm (also Sbeuiserta tashefishat’ pakar') voeans GEE ea faa moNF. | raining _ fire being a firebrand JKZy¢P7a'tash ka par ka'lah nM. beanty ; beautiful woman _ too clever person 4f277a'tash-kadah NM. fire-temple . (fig.) very ,hot place apy scorching gruelling &fa'tash-gir aby combustible'N.m (arch,) pair of tongs ol BT a'tash-gir, mad'dah N.M. pupae oe pA SF a lash-mzay’ ADJ. ry ill-tem- OE, Dia tadimenia Ne. irascibility fr atash-nak’ apy fiery SeFiatash-na’ks nF, being fieryey tPF fatash-e-nafs' v.F. (fig.) lust wer atash-r namrod’ n.F Nimrod’s pyre (lighted in bid to burn Abraham) ort fa tash-nava ADJ. fiery (speaker, singer etc.) Bria task-navas wir being 2 fiery speaker (ete. GP? tata shi apy. of fire fiery hot irasci- ble : burning (glass) Lee a’tashz shi'shah NM. , convex lens ; burnmg glass Lia’ tasha*ai'nok nvm, (arch.) convex lens set in ring Fatashi’ ADJ. incendiaryAg2) 1a tashit as'lehah (ped. 3 (Fra task as'lehah N.M. PL. firearms FULT alashih Khoo’ apy. passionate iras- cible [FP] , rt Seiquract (ped. a’tashak) N.F. syphilis wey at’shakya N.r. (col.) sypitilitic P~Fil 27 ama Nr. CH. dial.) soul life [8] as Ham a Tatoon’ N.F (arch.) female teacher; govern bara NM flour; meal {15 2's kar'na Uf TE reduce to powder ; pulverize (f%-# vat! Smit f'list men a'ta gi'la ho'ma PH. ‘bein trouble be despondent Ces Ysteia'e dal ka bho" bata'na v.T take to task $l Uy Clee P%a'te dal ka bha’'o ,ma‘loom' ho jana bale into hot water B&SoeFa'se dal ii "7 pH. worry for bare necessities of life | be7 GuWatte ka karkha'na vom flour mill Yfei at'e Ki a’pa Nm. (see under £1 N.F.¢r) a’te ki bil’ N.F. apparent and not real danger yt. sehteTa'ge met na'mak (of soon) PH just a, pinch very little st uh phi a'te meh na’mak ke bara’bar apy & ADV little not much bw, 7 . (beh tam pa'tam ADV scattered all over 7 ~ Byatt n. & apy eight Wa sAZISTa'th ach aitso0 ro'na V.t. shed a flood of tears ; weep bitterly (ys TIS atk ath afsos rala'na v.1. cause to weep bitterly pin tet ath attha’rak atcha" és pH. eighth, eighteenth, tweaty-eighth (as ‘inauspicious’ dates of the month) ji JtAath bar’ nau shear’ Prov. too frequent revelry AZSfath paihar' Aye a'thon paihar' ADV. day and night all the time ; constantly, all the twenty-four hours Uns gilodan) a6[szia'th (or a'thon fashar' soo'ls par raik’na V1, be in constant, trouble , suffer unmitigated’ trouble, USE Fath ko'niya : by " ADJ. (col.) octagonal LA rf ath kham'ba N.M. {arch.) cight-pillared canopy os WES Fath ghat'te ka din PH. eight hour working dayltgy ath ma'sa LStathoat’sa pj. (child) born after eight ~months; premature child field continually ploughed for eight months for , sugar-cane (j{ye7ath'oah apy. eight L°YusSTation ka me'lah Nm. (dial.) post-‘Holi’ festival ; Lucknow festi- val celebrated on, eighth day after ‘Hii’ (PL cLBY Us Sach (oF F thon) gageh kaimait’ (or kiimaid’) pw. _ horse with all the eight leg-joints strong _(fig.) shrewd veteran. 7 et asar’ NM, PL. signs ; symptoms tokens traces footprints —_vestiges remains _relics effects ; impressions bases Traditions of the Holy Pr phet breadth of wall 49 Cee Tasa'p-its-sanadie” nur pL, relics of the ancients 4 ,lfasa'r-z-bad N.M, PL, ominous signs Adylfasa’r-e gads'mahy SA Vasa’ re Sqle'qah NM. PL. archaeolagical finds .6,b(2@ mail’kama-e asa'r-e gadi'mak N.M. archaeology department eT asa'r-e giya’mat N.m. PL. signs of thes Day of Jutg-_ ment; signs of the dbomsday’s approach ek ili asa’r-mutahaj'jarah vn. PL fossi.s fib tasa're- nek! N,M. PL, good omens (Awsine. 7] Ef asa’ N.M PL (ped.) scers [P ~ sINc/z J ~ (Ui asa NAM (PL ot fj »5 fa'sim ANM sinner apy. sinful (person) TTa~ 2 a .& apy, — toda é § dey eal ba'ras fe phir na bar’ soohga PH. {about heavy downpour) It shall rain with full force tonight 2,7 aj’-tak apv. till now -yet (egy LYG raj’ tar'ke (or save’re) ADV. cary this morning /j 731 opatal "dam na a'dam zad' inT. (wilderness with) not a trace of man {a} er ad'mi (ped. a'dami) NM. = man __per- G34 on; human being individual (W. dial.) husband; man servant man follower ; retainer _ intelligent person brave man ordinary human being — hu- man race ; mankind iy folk (12) public ADJ. grown-up ; adult C47. AB SP glgsTad' ‘ms ad'mi_ an'tar koi hi'ra ko’t kan'kar PROV. — no two persons arc alike among men some are jewels, some are pebbles beg Fad" ‘mi bdna’na v.1, teach manners humanize civilize discipline 2 VE Ui gaTad’mi an‘aj ka Ara hai PH. man lives by, bread alone ; : ‘cereal are must for mankind bs gas ad’ mi banja'nav.1. Jearn good manners have songs. of esponsibility come to’ one’s senses Tat! ‘mt pichhe Avy. per head one, by one severally et thitee for ‘mi cheh're se paihcha'na ja'ta hai PROV.” the oa is the index of the mind hime ot ad’ ‘mi sokbat se paihcha'na ja'ta ‘hai PROV. a man is known by the company he keeps bgt Pee utsT hy ygsT adm (or ad'iniyon) ka jatgal, N.M. thickly populated place (7 Trt L or ad'mi ke libas’ men a'na v.1. appear in “human form ; assume human visage HEGEL ad'mi kiichh kho' kar hi sikk’ta “hai PROV man learns by his mistakes p>92¢§7 KpieoT sk ad’m3 ne \a’khir to kach'cha hi dood piya Bood-bye w wo wistadab® . hai PROV. to crr is human of fee ba'y ‘ye ad mi N.M. PL, gentry big guns_—_classesyfa} ge masii'nk ad'mi N.M. robot automaton was: a'dmiy'yat N.F. good sense. human nature good manners ; ; civility 5 courtesy fellow- feeling ;_ commiseration magnanimity humanity (age of) giscernment voi adamiy'yat a'na, U Be fiTadamiy' yat pakar'na vi. become civilized Jearn courtesy or civility come to one’s senses reach the age of discernment Ce baie (dan’ "78 $e) adamiy'yat ath ja'na va. (of world, etc. ) become inhumane ; be a very bad world to live in Vic esTadamiy yt meh ana Vt. see reason lie, ity phe caitadamiy yal se giizar’na (or ga'zar ja'na) v1. ~ behave improperly act inhumanlydieAiKesTadamiy’ ‘yat sikea'na (or sikkla'na) v.T. civilize render hu- mane polish ~—_teach politeness or good, manners _ bring (someone) to his senses ont beh ySadamiy'yat kar na (or se kam’ Le’ ma) v.1. behave nicely ij “‘adk avy. half (hour, seer etc.)asleAjek ol in (cee ante oe) ; bo. 3 ata ADJ. (F. FT aah) half bitesT S) adhe a'dka divided into sequal, parts, half-and-half ; _ fifty-fifty Aokt ost a’dha G'tar a'dha bater PH. _neither fish nor flesh nor good red herring worthless or ludicrous jumble Lf Vbesiadha saljha nos. equal share 7PIiesaldka (or a'dh8) st'st n.F. (W. dial.) hemicrania SosTa' dha kar'na halye divide into two parts bisect testa ‘dha nam x.m. not full name Unb adhka ho'na be reduced to skin and bone ; become Je Jean ; grow lank decrease in size pa ‘dha adfe ADV. half and half; fifty fifty Cee npiia’ dh= bat Sun'na v.1. not to hear in full (rush to implement) withaut, hearing full instructions; tat Ly ole, soba pees Ehren fita'ahs chhor sa'rs ko jae (or arch. dka’’e) a'dht rahe’ na sa’ré pae PROV. catch at the shadow and A lose the substance ; grasp-all, lose all efaofa di dar'jan apy. & N.F. half a dozen LPN ashes paral dh rat idkar a'dkt rat vidkar’ apv. ad NM. (ay) about mid-night ra gptEBefergii ZL pga'dha rat ko jama"é ae sham’ bi se mathghila’’e pRov. count the chickens before they are batched Sz sta'dhe pet avv. hungry + not having eaten to the fill SK evia' dhe cas'le meh apy. midway (Sb ypbife-2sia'dhe se kitchh ziya'dah (or kam’) pH. a little more {or-less) than half JAS] adi nah Nd, (rare) Friday [P} - Lees wim. abetta' dicing NAF, audit Bi a'ditar n.M. auditor [E] dil aram’ was, sweet- art; beloved. jjaram! i pele ot ee (iaram’ chaih was, . rest WE Lupita tara, (or tal’kh) kar'na vir £ wv ie fe hell for ; gi aram'-dah x, basket a rt ree ao sat betel-basket small domed betel-box ip Colyaram' pahiatcha'na (or dena) v.t. “give relicf allay Sive comfort give rest put at case Sharam’ se ADV. gently carefully softly. AP fiatant-ta'lab, afb aram’-pasakd’ any. — slothful lazy ; idle indolent nox. indolent person Jotus- eater Cf Maran -ta'lai, Cxpfolaram'pasatidé, NF indolence slothfulness ~CIK (ii aram’ ka asbab x04. (rare) forpiture os fi aram-kor'st s.r. easy chairfffaram’ kar'na respectful or ironical (UA(fifaram’ farma’na Va rest; take rest, ling go to bed sleep Z-PiSuS tava i roo'kh3 hazar’ ne‘'mal hai pROY. a little in quiet is the best of all dictoB(Lifaram’-gah te. (also ob (IG Fa khini a@ram-gah) grave; tomb ; mausoleum (rare) rest house (rare) bed chamber Clg fis ko aram’ ho" Jana va. (of someone) Have more peace be relieved SL afarams'dah apy, (lit.) Posing atease at rest on ara” ish x.F. decoration adornment . Vy bedecking orderly, arrangement (of shop-window) ressing (~, ara” ish ADJ. decorative [P ~ SUN . ~w ar’ ar ADJ. i kdl anaes from onelend eo ough gate N.F, Hindu religious rite compris- ts] ing offering, etc. to idol ; idol-worship re 53, bart xaos. art far’ SENN. artist CS artiste AB fartis'sik ADJ. artistic [E] “Vf ar'tikal xu, article [E] & War’ jar NF. coming and going ; constant 4 v4! movernent of people both ways Y HE, J) arch'-bi'shap ¥.M. archbishop [IE] ated N.&M. (ped.) flour ; meal {F] pear tar NM. order AS far'dar bak nF. AY order book WA E Tar dar bunk kera'na” Va. book an order Us 8far'dar de'na vr. Place an order (with) [E] . aT 200 NE, sy oa wish 3 desire ; longing in- climation solicitude yearning ove Presumption faith est want, (10) hope (11) trust (12) expectation ¢fzauT a1'c00 bar a’na v.t. (Of desire) be fulfilled 3,77Ueghettar'zoo khak’ men mil ja'na va be frustrated have the hope shattered fost Cretds ar'zuo dil’ Ki dil’ meh raih’na vA, not to have one’s hope fulfilled Ures¥siAar'zv0 ka khoon' ho'na v1. be greatly disappointed Ufgtiar'coo kar'na V.t. desire long for yearn A447 ar'