—S 3.23 THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMERS In generation, transformation, transmission and utilization of electric eneray 't san be shown that it is ccnomieal to use the three-phase system rather than the single-phase. For three-phase transformation, three single-phase transformers are needed. Two arrangements are possible: @ bank of three single-phase ree ermere or a single three-phase transformer with the primary and secondary of each phase wound on three legs of a common core. The three-phase transformer unit costs about 15% less than that of a bank aor furthermore, the single unit occupies less space. There is litle difference in reliability, But it is cheaper to carry spare stock of a single-phase rather than a three-phase transformer: In underground use (mines) a thank of single-phase units may be preferred as itis easier to transport these units. The bank also offers the advantage ofa derated open-delta operation when one single-phase unit Becomes inoperative. Reduced cost being an overweighing consideration, it is common practice to use a three-phase transformer unit. Ina three-phase bank the phases are electrically connected but the three magnet eitcuts are independent. In the more common three-phase, 3-limb core-type transformer (Fig. 3.42(a)), the three magnetic circuits ae aniso Tnked, Where delinking of the magnetic eicuits is desired in a three-phase unit, a 5-limb shell type transformer could be used (Fig. 3.42(b)) (a) Core type (commonly used) (b) Shel type, 5 -limb core: Fig. 3.42. Three-phase transformer cores Three-phase Transformer Connections [A variety of connections are possible on each side of a 3-phase transformer (single unit oF bank). The three phases could be connected in star, delta, open-delta or zigzag star. Fach of the three phases could have two Wvindings or may have autoconnection. Further, certain types of connections require & third winding known as tertiary (refer Sec. 3.14) Labelling of Transformer Terminals ‘Terminals on the HV side of each phase will be labelled as \- dy capital letters A,B, Cand those on the LV side will be labelled A ; ng A; —————— as small letters a, b,c. Terminal polarities are indicated by ey, VagAy suffixes 1 and 2 with I’s indicating similar polarity ends and 4 22 mm so do 2’s Labelling of terminals is illustrated in Fig. 3.43 for ee ho phase a. Assuming the transformer to be ideal, Voat (voltage of terminal 4) with respect to 4)) is in phase with Vizqi and Fig. 3-43 Labelling of transformer terminals J, is in phase with [,.——— ———— Star/Star (Y/Y) Connection Star connection is formed on each side by connecting to- gether phase winding terminals suffixes 1 as in Fig. 3.44(a) The phasor diagram is drawn in Fig. 3.44(b) from which it is easily seen that the voltages of the corresponding phases (and therefore of the corresponding lines) are in phase. This is known as the 0°-connection. The letters within brackets on the phasor diagram indicate the lines, to which the terminals are connected. If the winding terminals on secondary side are reversed, the 180°-connection is obtained. It is also observed from Fig. 3.44 that if the phase transformation ratio is x : 1, the line transformation (line-to- line voltages, line currents) the ratio is also.x: 1. Delta/Delta (A/A) Connection Figure 3.45(a) shows the delta/delta connection* and the corresponding phasor diagram is given in Fig. 3.45(b). The sum of voltages around the secondary delta must be zero; otherwise delta, being a closed circuit, means a short circuit. With polarities indicated on the primary and secondary sides, voltages Vazq1, Vion and Veze1 add to zero as per the phasor diagram if the delta is formed by connecting aib>, cz and c,d». It is easily seen from the phasor diagram that the primary and secondary line voltages are in phase so it is the 0°-connection. However, ifthe secondary leads a, b, c are taken out from the delta nodes aybp, by¢2, ¢1¢2, the secondary voltages are in phase opposition to the primary voltages can be visualized from the phasor diagram of Fig. 3.45(b). This is the 180°-connection. It is also seen from Fig. 3.45(a) that if the phase transfor- mation ratio is.x : 1, the transformation ratio for line quantities is alsox: 1. Ae v—48 ow |S aie Lessa Ar JA,BA By iy x4 x4 42 24, bs o Pi — ise ak—vur—tb Ne @ AlAe—Toling A {0a —To ine a ” ° ) B48) xo) ogo) ) Fig. 3.44 Star/star o°-connection A 8 c i v— 0a jay. A A; Ba 4 a 21 Pal nf |) — ° Aga) ofa) fy \ J\ bef cyq4—_\ xe) a (6) : ”. o Fig. 3.45 Delta/delta connection {The sar and delta connections in later parts of the book will generally be indicated as in Fig. 3.46. The style temporarily adopted here is forthe sake of clarity of identifying the primary and secondary of each phase. Further- ao also siresses the fact that physical disposition ofthe windings inthe connection diagram has no relation- ship to the phasor diagram. ota——————————————— Inthe delta/delta connection if one of the transformers is disconnected, the resulting connection is known as open-delta, Supposing the b-phase transformer in Fig, 3:47(a) is removed, and the open-delta is excited from balanced 3-phase supply, then it easily follows from the phasor diagram of Fig. 3.47(b) that the voltage Vion = Vie does not change as it equals ~ (Ve, + Vap); thus the voltages on the secondary side still remain balanced 3-phase. The open-delta connection supplying a balanced load is shown in Fig. 3.47(a). If the maximum allowable secondary phase current is /, the transformer can handle VA of Sopen-deta= V3 Vpn lpn = Hine which for normal delta/delta connection is Seetta = 3 Vpn “Thus the open-delta connection has a VA rating of 1/,/3 = 0.58 of the rating of the normal delta/delta connection. ® Fig. 3.47(a) Optn-delta or V-connection ‘The phasor diagram of open-delta is drawn in Fig. 3.47(b). Vyq and Ty, pertain to transformer 7; and Veg and T,, to T Ved \ Fig. 3.47(b) Phasor diagram of open-delta, on balanced load; pf cos @Power output of 7; P, = Vix cos (30° — @) and that of 7 P2 = VIpy cos (30° + 9) Total power delivered P=P; + P; = VIpy [cos (30° — 9) + cos (30° + 6)) Upon simplification, we find P= 3 Vig cos @ The two transformers supply equal power at upf, ic., 6= 0. Star/Delta (Y/A) Connection Star connection is formed on primary side by connecting together | suffixed terminals; 2 suffixed terminals being connected to appropriate lines; the delta is formed by connecting ca», aby and byc2 with the lines Connected to these junctions being labelled as a, b and c respectively as shown in Fig, 3.48(a). The phasor diagram is drawn in Fig. 3.48(b). It is seen from the phasor diagram on the delta side that the sum of voltages around delta is zero. This is a must as otherwise closed delta would mean a short circuit. it is also observed from the phasor diagram that phase a to neutral voltage (equivalent star basis) on the delta side lags by — 30° to the phase-to-neutral voltage on the star side; this is also the phase relationship between the respective line- to-line voltages. This connection, therefore, is known as — 30°-connection. The + 30°-connection follows from the phasor diagram of Fig. 3.49(a) with the corresponding connection diagram as in Fig. 3.49(b). AAA) 2218), 439° si b{b) N [> pe exe) CXC) 8A(8) (a) A 8 c Lana : AQ) Ay alsssash, CALLLLLY C, a2 1 ‘Teed bs oe & eC) 8,18) balb) = ) Fig. 3.48 Star/delta-30°-connection Fig. 3.49 Star/detta + 30°-connection Similarly + 90°-connections-are also possible in the star/delta connection by relabelling the delta side Hines. For example for + 90° connection relabel c —> a, b -» c and a> b, Reader may work out relabelling for ~90° connection. : In Indian and British practices + 30°-connections are employed. The American practice is to use + 90°-connections.It follows from Fig. 3.48(a) that if the phase transformation ratio of the star/delta connection is x : 1, the line transformation ratio in magnitude is yBul Delta/Star (A/Y) Connection ‘This connection is simply the interchange of primary and secondary roles in the star/delta connection. One just interchanges capital and small leter suffixings in Figs 3.48 and 3.49. Of course what was the 30°-connection will now be the + 30°-connection and vice versa. If the phase transformation ratio is x : 1 (delta/star), the transformation ratio for line quantities will be (x//3 ) : 1. Delta/Zig-zag Star Connection “The winding of each phase on the star side is divided into two equal helves with labelling as in Fig. 3.50. ath leg ofthe star connection is formed by using halves from two different phases, The phasor diagram for this connection is given in Fig. 3.51 from which the connection diagram easily follows. Obviously it is the 0°-connection. Reversal of ‘connections on the star side gives us ‘the 180°-connection. Phase transformation =x : 1 Line transformation 3,8) calc) = trib) Fig, 3.52 Delta/zig-zag star 0°-connection Star/Zig-zag Star “The connection is indicated by the phasor diagram of Fig. 3.52. Phase transformation =x : 1 Line transformation = /3 x: : or ae2 AYA) 1 by x calc) N C,(C) 8,8) b4(b) c4(c) -30° connection +30° connection Fig. 3.52 Star/zig-zag star Phase Groups ‘Various transformer connections with the same phase shift are grouped together. Thus there are Group I (0°), Group II (180°), Group III (30°) and Group IV (-30°). . Choice between Star and Delta Connection In star connection with earthed neutral, the maximum voltage of the phase winding to ground is 1/3 or 58% of the line voltage, while in delta connection this is equal to the line voltage in case of earthing of one of the lines during a fault. Therefore, for very high voltage transformers the star connection on the HV side is about 10% cheaper than delta connection on account of insulation cost. A delta-connected primary is necessary for astar-connected LV secondary feeding mixed 3-phase and 1-phase (line-to-neutral) loads. This is because the lines on the primary side can only carry current which add to zero. In the case of unbalanced I-phase loads on secondary, delta-connected primary is needed to allow the flow of zero sequence current -_hh_l T, +0, +1. = 3 ze ble) as shown in Fig. 3.53 so that Tyt+TgtIc =0 ‘This means that only positive and negative sequence currents flow in the lines on the delta side. Fig. 3.53,‘This could also be achieved by star-connected primary provided the primary and secondary star points are grounded, But this is not recommended on account of flow of ground current for unbalanced secondary loads. Choice of Transformer Connections Star/star This is economical for small HV transformers as it minimizes the turns/phase and winding insulation ‘A neutral connection is possible. However, the Y /Y connection is rarely used* because of difficulties associated with the exciting current. Delta/delta This suits large LV transformers as it needs more turns/phase of smaller section. A large load unbalance can be tolerated, The absence of'a star point may be a disadvantage. This connection can operate at 58% normal rating as open-delta when one of the transformers of the bank is removed for repairs or maintenance. (This has already been explained.) Star/delta This is the most commonly used connection for power systems. At transmission levels star connection is on the HV side, ie. A/Y for step-up and Y/A for step-down. The neutral thus available is used for grounding on the HV side. At the distribution level the AY transformer is used with star on the LV side which allows mixed 3-phase and I-phase loads, while delta allows the flow of circulating current to compensate for neutral current on the star side (Fig. 3.53) ‘The Y/A connection has an associated phase shift of + 30° which must be accounted for in power system interconnections, Harmonics Itwas seen in Sec. 3.10 that when the third-harmonic current is permitted to flow, by circuit conditions, along with the sinusoidal magnetizing current in a transformer, the core flux is sinusoidal and so is the induced emf, On the other hand, when the circuit does not permit the flow of the third-harmonic current, i.¢, the magnetizing current is sinusoidal, the flux is flat-topped containing “depressing” third-harmonic and as a consequence third-harmonic voltages are present in the induced emfs. This problem in 3-phase transformers will now be examined. It is to be observed here that the phase difference in third-harmonic currents and voltages on a 3-phase system is 3 x 120° = 360° or 0° which means that these are cophasal. Therefore, third-harmonic (in general harmonics of order 3n called friplens) currents and voltages cannot be present on the lines of a 3-phase system as these do not add up to zero. Three-phase Bank of Single-phase Transformers Detta/detta connection ‘The supply voltage provides only sinusoidal magnetizing current so that core flux is flat-topped; but the third-harmonic emfs induced (cophasal) cause circulating currents in deltas restoring the flux to almost sinusoidal, The third-harmonic voltages are very small as the transformer offers low impedance to third- harmonic currents, * Recently a favourable trend is developing for reasons of economy.————eSE__rlrllrsSSS—S—S Star/delta and delta/star connection Because of one delta connection the same conditions are obtained as in A/A connection except that the impedance offered to the flow of third-harmonic currents in delta is now larger and so are third-harmonic voltages. Star/star connection Inthe case of isolated neutral, third-harmonic voltages are present in each phase as explained earlier Further, since these voltages are cophasal, no third-harmonic voltages are present between lines. The voltage of phase a to neutral can now be expressed as ay = Gy Sin Ot + €g3 Sin 30% While fundamental frequency voltages in the three phases have a relative phase difference of 120°, the third-harmonic voltages in them are cophasal (with respect to each other), but their phase with respect to the fundamental frequency (voltage changes at the rate of 2c, twice the fundamental frequency). This situation is illustrated in the phasor diagram of Fig. 3.54 from which it is immediately observed that the voltage of the neutral point oscillates at frequency 2@. The phenomenon is known as oscillating neutral and is highly undesirable because of which the star/star connection with isolated neutrals is not used in practice. If the neutrals are connected, it effectively separates the three transformers. Third-harmonic currents can now Fig. 3.54 Oscillating neutral flow via the neutrals. Cophasal third-harmonic. voltage (Es) Three-phase Transformer In core type transformer (Fig. 3.42(a), the third-harmonic fluxes in all the three limbs are simultaneously directed upwards or downwards so that this flux must return through air (high-reluctanee path). The high- reluctance path tends to suppress the third-harmonic flux. The phenomenon gets more complex now and at wre densities exceeding 1.5, the total harmonic content (particularly fifth) is very marked in the magnetizing ccurent fifth harmonic currents can flow on lines as their relative phase difference is 5 120° = 600° or 120°). "To reduce the strong fifth harmonic in the magnetizing current for the star/star connection with isolated neutral, a path must be provided through iron for the third-harmonic flux. Hence, the use of a 5-limb core as in Fig. 3.42(b). Back-to-Back Test on Three-phase Transformers Fig, 3.55(a) shows the connection arrangement for the back-to-back teston two identical 3-phase transformers. ‘The two secondaries must be connected in phase opposition and in proper phase sequence, The auxiliary rae former for circulating full-load current is included in the circuit of the two secondaries; it could also be vnetuded in the eieuit of the primaries. Thus with only losses (core-loss and eoppet-loss) supplied from the mains, a “heat run” test could be conducted on the transformers.S-phase ag mains ~ tq Auxiliary transformer Ty Fig. 3.55(@) Back-to-back test on 3-phase transformers Delta/Delta Connected Transformers Each secondary delta is opened at one junction and ‘The primaries are normally excited from the mains. ate full-load current in both the deltas as shown in fa single-phase transformer can be employed to circul Fig. 3.55(b). ‘phase supply Datta secondaries Auxiliary transformer wi Fig. 3.55(b) Back-to-back test on A/A transformers10 Electric Machines sisting of three Tephase transformers is used 10 sth EXAMPLE 3.28 4 3-phase transformer bank cor down the voltage of a 3-phase, 6600 transmission line. If the primary line current is 10 A, calculate the ‘secondary line voltage, line current and output KVA for the following connections: (4) y/A and (b) A/Y. The turns ratio is 12. Neglect losses. SOLUTION y= A= lay ‘us (a) ‘The ¥/A connection is drawn in Fig. 3.56(a). Vis Vea 6600 V,y= 6600 tena 4 t i 6600 Ips a= Via =317.55V ofa)? @ Ipy= ley Ipg = 1012 = 120A “ Wg=10A Ia = 120J3 = 207.844 ona WA = YB * Foe 1 Bx ” by =66 [3 =1143 (b) The A/Y connection is drawn in Fig. 3 56(b). 10 Ip: 12x10 la =69.28A 6600 Vor= 6600J3 120, 1 Output kVA = Y3 X95 * 1000 = 1143 (same as in part (8)) EXAMPLE 3.29 4 AY connected 3-phase transformer as shown in Fig, 3.57 has a yoltage ratio of 22 kV (A)/345 KV) (line-to-line). The transform is feeding 500 MW and 100 MVAR to the grid (345 kV). ‘Determine the MVA and voltage rating of ‘each unit (single-phase). Compute all currents and voltages of oth magnitude and phase angle in all the ‘windings (primaries and secondaries). Assume ‘each single-phase transformer to be ideal.Te en Ean SOLUTION Load MVA, 5 =500+/ 100 a S=510 MVA rating of each (single phase) transformer = 10/3 = 170 Voltage rating of each transformer = sift = 9.054 Let us choose voltage of star phase A as reference then Py 345 Star side V4 = Van = BE 20° = 199.2 20° kV Tg = 199.2 £-120° kV, Fo = 199.2 2-240" kV Note: Phase sequence is ABC Pag = F4-Vy = 345 230°KV Vgc = 345 2-90° KV Fog = 345 £-210° KV ce _ 500+ f100 _ Beye Ty = epg 70837 +/0.167 kAsas § = or Ty 0.837 -/ 0.167 = 0.853 2-11.3° kA Ty = 0-853 2-131.3° kA Te = 0.853 2-251.3° kA Delta side - = Et, 192 joo a2220° kV a 9.084 22 2-120° kV 12 2-240° kV ).084 x 0.853 Z-11,3° =7.723 Z-11.3° kA 723 Z-131.3° kA 123 Z-251.3° KA Ty = Ten —Tne = V3 7-123 LEMS? ~ 30°) = 13.376 LAN? Jy = 13376 2(-120° — 11.3°)= 13.376 2131.3° kA J. = 13.376 £(-240° ~ 11.3°)=13, 376 2-251.3° kA Note It is easily observed from above that line voltages and currents on the star side lead those on the delta side by 30° EXAMPLE 3.20 Three I-phase 20-kV/A, 2000/200-V transformers identical with that of Ex. 3.3 are connected in Y/A in a 3-phase, 60 KVA bank to step-down the voltage at the load end of a feeder having impedance of 0.13 + j 0.95 Qiphase. The line voliage at the sending-end of the feeder is 3464 ¥. The od 3-phase load through a feeder whose impedance is 0.0004 + j 0.0015 2 transformers supply a balance phase. Find the load voltage (Iine-to-inie) when it draws rated current from transformers at 0.8 lagging power factora2 _ Electric Machines am ofthe system. The computations will be carried out 0 per phase-Y SOLUTION Figure 3.58 gives the cireuit diagr basis by referring all quantities to the HV (¥-connected) side of the transformer bank. LV feeder impedance referred to the HY side is 2 2000. 2000/3 | (6 9904 + 0.0015) = 0.12 + 0.45 Suphase 200 0.13 +j 0.95 S’phase (0.0004 + j 0.0015 Qiphase t 3464 V = 2000/3 ___—} Load = Fig. 3-58 ance of the HV and LV feeders referred to the HV side is p= (013+) 0.95)+ 0.12 +4 0.45) = 0.25 +) 14 Qiphase wank is referred to the HV side The total series imped: valent impedance of the transformer b From Ex. 3.5, the equi Zp = 0.82 + j 1.02 Qiphase ¥ 3464 Sending-end feeder voltage = Tx" ~ 2000 V/phase Load current on the HV side = rated current of transformer = 10 A/phase ¥ itis now seen that the equivalent circuit for one Phase referred to the Y-connected HV side is exactly the same Be in Ex. 3.6, Fig, 320, Thus the load voltage refered f0 the HY side is 197,692 V to neutral. The actual oad voltage is 197.688 ¥, line-to-line (since the secondaries are ‘A-connected). st to use the pu method. We shall choose the following base values: 3x20 (uray = F000 =2J3 KV (line-to-line) PU method In such problems itis coniveniet = 0.06 Voltage base on HV side Voltage base on LV side = 0.2 KV line-to-line) Note “The voltage base values are in the ratio of ine-to-line voltages (same as phase voltages on equivalent star basis). 0.06 ZN line) (pu) = (0.0004 + j 0.0015) ae = (0.06 + j 0.225) x 107 0.06 Z, 8 li = OL jos sh Zs (10 line) (pw) = 0.13 +099 FP = (0.065 +j 0.475) x 10?Zy (star side) (pu) ~ (0.82 + 1.02)* 3 = (0.41 +j 0.51) x 107 ‘Note: Suppose the transformer impedance was Elven 0 the delta side Zy (delta side -(3) (0.82 + j 1.02) Zr (delta side) = | 3999 ) x( j 1.02) = (0.82 + 1.02) x 107 0 (delta phase) Equivalent star impedance ~ ‘ (0.82 + 1.02) x 10 20 Fe epuy ~ ede xk (082+ j 1.02) x 107 Zp(pu) = — a *5 (082+ x rim)” (o2y / = (0.4) +7 0.51) x 10 > (same as calculated above) 7 trotal) (pu) = 0.06 + 7 0.225 0,065 + 0.475 oats j05t (0535-4 f1. 21) x10? 4, (sonding-end voltage) = 2/3 KV (line) or pa 1, rated cursent) = 1 pus pf 0.8 lag Vz (load voltage) = 1 1 (0.535 x 0.8 + 12x 0.6) * 10? . = 0.98846 pu 0.98846 x 200 = 197,692 V (line) 00 ¥, are connected A/A and are fed EXAMPLE 3.22 Three transformers. euch rated 20 kVA, 2 kV/ through a 2000 V (line-to-line) 3-phase jeeder having a reactance of 0.7 phase The reactance of each is 0.0051 pu. All resistances are 10 be ignored, At its sending-end the feeder rece power «yi connected transformer whose S-phase rating 'S 200 kVA, m rating. The transformer through the secondary terminals of -phas 30/2 AV (line-to-line). The reactance of the sending-end transformer is 0.06 pu on iis ov voltage applied to the primary terminals is 20 KY (line-to-line). ‘A 3ephase fault takes place at the 200 V terminals of the receiving-end transformers. Calculate the fault in the 2 KV feeder lines, in the primary and secondary windings of the receiving-end transformers current and at the load terminals (200 V terminals). OLUTION Choose a common 3:phase Base of 60 kVA, Line-to-ine voltage bases are in ratio of transformation 2OKV : 2KV ; 200 V. It is observed that 60. Xp (aending-end*) = 0.06 * 399 ~ 0018 Pe For the 2 kV feeder ca 1154.7 V (line-to-neutral) + Fransformer impedance in pus independent of the connection.60 x1000 I= = . phase Y n= Te ayog 7” 17:32 As phase 1154.7 732 = 66.6 Qiphase Y 07 Neeser = GGq ~ 0.0105 pu X7(receiving-end”) = 0.0051 pu Total reactance from the sending-end to the fault point (on the secondary side of the receiving-end transformer) = 0.018 + 0.0105 + 0.0051 = 0.0336 pu 20 Sending-end voltage = 55 = 1.0 pu Faul je A a9 ault current = > c53g = 29.76 pu The current in any part of the system can be easily computed as below: Current in 2 kV feeder = 29.76 x 17.32 = SIS4A Current in 2 kV winding of A/A transformer = 515.33 =297.56A Current in 200 V winding of A’A transformer = 297.56 x 10 = 2975.6 A ‘Current at load terminals = 2975.6 /3 = 5154 EXAMPLE 3.22 3-phase bank of three single-phase transformer are fed from 3-phase 33 kV (line-to- line). It supplies a load of 6000 kVA at 1! kV fline-to-line). Both supply and load are 3-wire. Calculate the voltage and kVA rating of the single-phase transformer for all possible 3-phase transformer connection. SOLUTION ‘Star-Star connection Primary-side phase voltage, !’p; = ‘Secondary-side phase voltage, Vy = Transformer voltage rating ~ 19.05/6.35 kV 6000 KVA rating = —— = 2000 2. Star-Delta connection Vp, = 19.05 KV, Vp = KV ‘Transformer rating = 19.05/11 kV, 2000 kVA 3. Delta-Star connection ‘Transformer rating = 33/6.35 kV, 2000 KVA 4, Delta-Delta connection ‘Transformer rating = 33/11 KV, 2000 kVA * Transformer impedance in pu is independent of the connectionEXAMPLE 3.23 4 6.6 kV/400 V, 75 kVA single-phase transformer has a series reactance of 12% (0.12 py). (@) Calculate the reactance in ohms referred to LV and HV sides. (b) Three such transformers are connected in Star-Star; calculate (i) the line voltage and kVA rating, (ii) pu reactance of the bank, (iii) series reactance in ohms referred to HV and LV sides (c) Repeat part (b) if the bank is connected star on HV side and delta on LV side. SOLUTION X(Q)MVA (a) X(pu) = HuaAs (kvy HV side j X(Q)x 75x10" 122 (66° 0.12 (6.6) X(Q) = 5 = 69.696 2 75x10 LV side , K(Q) x75 x107 oz = XDx7Sx107 oa? XQ) = 0.2562 {b) Star-Star connection (® Line voltage HV 66/3 =1143kV LV 400 /3 =692.8V Rating = 3 x 75 = 225 kVA _ X(Q)MVA(3~ phase) 69,696 x 225x107 Maa (kV Gine)) (6.637 Wie (ii) HV side XQ) = 69.696 Diphase LV side X(Q) = 0.256 Qiphase (©) Star-Delta (i) Line voltages Star side 6.6 J3 = 11.43 kV Delta side = 400 V Rating = 3x75 =225 kVA i) X(pu) = 0.12 Gi) Star side X= 69,69 Qiphase Delta side X= 0.256 Qiphase X(pu), calculated from delta side (0.256/3)x 225 x10 X(pu) = =0.12