Definition

Periodic motion
 periodic motion refers to any movement of an object that is repeated in a given length of
time
 Periodic motion, in physics, motion repeated in equal intervals of time. Periodic motion is
performed, for example, by a rocking chair, a bouncing ball, a vibrating tuning fork
 A motion which repeats itself in equal intervals of time is periodic motion.

Position
Position is a place where someone or something is located or has been put. In physics, position is
usually a number on an axis. You can have an x-axis that looks like this:

The x-axis is circled.

Or a y-axis, like this:

If you drew these axes on the floor of a

room, and then moved to a random
place in that room, you would have a
position in both the x and y directions.
You might be at positive 6 meters in
the x-direction and negative 3 meters
in the y-direction. That is your
position.
A number where direction matters is
called a vector. A number where

The y-axis is circled.

direction doesn't matter is called a scalar. For example, temperature is a scalar. Because it never
has a direction.

Velocity
 the rate of change of position along a straight line with respect to time.
 The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of
reference, and is a function of time. 

Acceleration
 acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.
 Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time.

 The units for acceleration are meters per second squared (m/s2).

Equilibrium Position.
 It is a position in which there is no force pushing the the object from that position. There
are stable equilibrium positions in which if you give the object a small push it returns to
the equilibrium position.

 Simple Harmonic Motion 

 simple harmonic motion is a special type of periodic motion or oscillation where
the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in
the direction opposite to that of displacement.
 Simple harmonic motion, in physics, repetitive movement back and forth through
an equilibrium, or central, position, so that the maximum displacement on one side of this
position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other side. The time interval of
each complete vibration is the same, and the force responsible for the motion is always
directed toward the equilibrium position and is directly proportional to the distance from
it.

Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum is one which can be considered to be a point mass suspended from a string or
rod of negligible mass. It is a resonant system with a single resonant frequency. For small
amplitudes, the period of such a pendulum can be approximated by:

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A simple pendulum is defined to have an object that has a small mass, also known as
the pendulum bob, which is suspended from a light wire or string

Forced Oscillations: Resonance

Forced oscillations occur when an oscillating system is driven by a periodic force that is external
to the oscillating system. 

Damped Oscillation
The oscillatory motion in which the amplitude decreases continously with the passage of time is
known as damped oscillation.

For example if you take a pendulum in motion by giving it energy only one time, then you will
notice that the pendulum stop its motion after some time as some of its energy is lossed in
overcoming the resistance of air and hence losses energy continuously with the passage of tim

Ohm’s Law Definition

Ohm’s law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional
to the voltage across the two points.
Ohm’s Law Formula

Voltage= Current× Resistance

V= I×R

Ohm's law

the law that for any circuit the electric current is directly proportional to the voltage and is
inversely proportional to the resistance.
Definition of resonance
A vibration of large amplitude in a mechanical or electrical system caused by a relatively small
periodic stimulus of the same or nearly the same period as the natural vibration period of the
system is called Resonance
Definition of Coulomb's law
The force of attraction or repulsion acting along a straight line between two electric charges is
directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely to the square of the distance
between them
Reflection
Reflection is a change in direction of a wave upon striking the interface between two materials.

Refraction
The change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed