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• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
17: Transmission Lines
Characteristics +
• Summary
A transmission line is a wire with a uniform goemetry along its length: the
capacitance and inductance of any segment is proportional to its length.
A transmission line is a wire with a uniform goemetry along its length: the
capacitance and inductance of any segment is proportional to its length.
We represent as a large number of small inductors and capacitors spaced
along the line.
A transmission line is a wire with a uniform goemetry along its length: the
capacitance and inductance of any segment is proportional to its length.
We represent as a large number of small inductors and capacitors spaced
along the line.
The signal speed along a transmisison line is predictable.
E1.1 Analysis of Circuits (2017-10213) Transmission Lines: 17 – 2 / 13
Transmission Line Equations +
C0 ∂v
∂t = − ∂i
∂x
∂i ∂v
L0 ∂t = − ∂x
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
General solution: v(t, x) = f (t − ux ) + g(t + ux )
• Forward Wave
x x
• Forward + Backward f (t− u )−g(t+ u )
Waves i(t, x) = Z0
• Power Flow
• Reflections q q
1 L0
• Reflection Coefficients where u = L0 C0 and Z0 = C0 .
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
General solution: v(t, x) = f (t − ux ) + g(t + ux )
• Forward Wave
x x
• Forward + Backward f (t− u )−g(t+ u )
Waves i(t, x) = Z0
• Power Flow
• Reflections q q
1 L0
• Reflection Coefficients where u = L0 C0 and Z0 = C0 .
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + u is the propagation velocity and Z0 is the characteristic impedance.
• Summary
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
General solution: v(t, x) = f (t − ux ) + g(t + ux )
• Forward Wave
x x
• Forward + Backward f (t− u )−g(t+ u )
Waves i(t, x) = Z0
• Power Flow
• Reflections q q
1 L0
• Reflection Coefficients where u = L0 C0 and Z0 = C0 .
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + u is the propagation velocity and Z0 is the characteristic impedance.
• Summary
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
General solution: v(t, x) = f (t − ux ) + g(t + ux )
• Forward Wave
x x
• Forward + Backward f (t− u )−g(t+ u )
Waves i(t, x) = Z0
• Power Flow
• Reflections q q
1 L0
• Reflection Coefficients where u = L0 C0 and Z0 = C0 .
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + u is the propagation velocity and Z0 is the characteristic impedance.
• Summary
C0 ∂v ∂i ∂i ∂v
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines Transmission Line Equations: ∂t = − ∂x L0 ∂t = − ∂x
• Transmission Line
Equations +
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
General solution: v(t, x) = f (t − ux ) + g(t + ux )
• Forward Wave
x x
• Forward + Backward f (t− u )−g(t+ u )
Waves i(t, x) = Z0
• Power Flow
• Reflections q q
1 L0
• Reflection Coefficients where u = L0 C0 and Z0 = C0 .
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + u is the propagation velocity and Z0 is the characteristic impedance.
• Summary
x x
= C0 ∂v
′ ′
= C0 f (t − u) + g (t + u) ∂t
Snapshot at t0 = 4 ns:
t = 4 ns f(4-x/u)
the waveform has just
arrived at the point
x = ut0 = 60 cm. 0 20 40 60 80
Position (cm)
Snapshot at t0 = 4 ns:
t = 4 ns f(4-x/u)
the waveform has just
arrived at the point
x = ut0 = 60 cm. 0 20 40 60 80
Position (cm)
Snapshot at t0 = 4 ns:
t = 4 ns f(4-x/u)
the waveform has just
arrived at the point
x = ut0 = 60 cm. 0 20 40 60 80
Position (cm)
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t)
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t) = Z0−1 (fx (t) + gx (t)) (fx (t) − gx (t))
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t) = Z0−1 (fx (t) + gx (t)) (fx (t) − gx (t))
fx2 (t) 2
gx (t)
= Z0 − Z0
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t) = Z0−1 (fx (t) + gx (t)) (fx (t) − gx (t))
fx2 (t) 2
gx (t)
= Z0 − Z0
fx carries power into shaded area and gx carries power out independently.
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t) = Z0−1 (fx (t) + gx (t)) (fx (t) − gx (t))
fx2 (t) 2
gx (t)
= Z0 − Z0
fx carries power into shaded area and gx carries power out independently.
Power travels in the same direction as the wave.
Power Flow
The power transferred into the shaded region across the boundary at x is
Px (t) = vx (t)ix (t) = Z0−1 (fx (t) + gx (t)) (fx (t) − gx (t))
fx2 (t) 2
gx (t)
= Z0 − Z0
fx carries power into shaded area and gx carries power out independently.
Power travels in the same direction as the wave.
The same power as would be absorbed by a [ficticious] resistor of value Z0 .
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (ns)
2L
i.e. delayed by 2L
At source end: g0 (t) = ρL f0 t − u u = 12 ns.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (ns) Time (ns)
2L
i.e. delayed by 2L
At source end: g0 (t) = ρL f0 t − u = 12 ns.
u
Note that the reflected current has been multiplied by −ρ.
ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
0 1 2 3 4 5
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5
ρ
vL (t)
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations f (t) =1+ρ
• Forward Wave -1
0 1 2 3 4 5
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1 0 1 1 Matched: No reflection at all
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + ∞ +1 2 0 Open circuit: vL = 2f , iL ≡ 0
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1 0 1 1 Matched: No reflection at all
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + ∞ +1 2 0 Open circuit: vL = 2f , iL ≡ 0
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1 0 1 1 Matched: No reflection at all
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
2f
0 −1 0 2 Short circuit: vL ≡ 0, iL = Z0
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + ∞ +1 2 0 Open circuit: vL = 2f , iL ≡ 0
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1 0 1 1 Matched: No reflection at all
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
2f
0 −1 0 2 Short circuit: vL ≡ 0, iL = Z0
1+ρ
Note: Reverse mapping is R = vi L = 1−ρ × Z0
L
ρ
vL (t)
f (t) = 1 + ρ
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations
• Forward Wave -1
iL (t)Z0 0 1 2 3 4 5
f (t) = 1 − ρ
• Forward + Backward
RZ-1
0
Waves
• Power Flow R
• Reflections ρ depends on the ratio Z0 .
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line R vL (t) iL (t)Z0
• Multiple Reflections Z0 ρ f (t) f (t) Comment
• Transmission Line
Characteristics + ∞ +1 2 0 Open circuit: vL = 2f , iL ≡ 0
• Summary
3 +0.5 1.5 0.5 R > Z0 ⇒ ρ > 0
1 0 1 1 Matched: No reflection at all
1
3 −0.5 0.5 1.5 R < Z0 ⇒ ρ < 0
2f
0 −1 0 2 Short circuit: vL ≡ 0, iL = Z0
1+ρ
Note: Reverse mapping is R = vi L = 1−ρ × Z0
L
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections From Ohm’s law at x = 0, we have v0 (t) = vS (t) − i0 (t)RS where RS is
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line the Thévenin resistance of the voltage source.
• Multiple Reflections
f0 −g0
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
Substituting v0 (t) = f0 + g0 and i0 (t) = Z0 leads to:
• Summary
Z0 RS −Z0
f0 (t) = RS +Z0 vS (t) + RS +Z0 g0 (t)
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections From Ohm’s law at x = 0, we have v0 (t) = vS (t) − i0 (t)RS where RS is
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line the Thévenin resistance of the voltage source.
• Multiple Reflections
f0 −g0
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
Substituting v0 (t) = f0 + g0 and i0 (t) = Z0 leads to:
• Summary
Z0 RS −Z0
f0 (t) = RS +Z0 vS (t) + RS +Z0 g0 (t) , τ0 vS (t) + ρ0 g0 (t)
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections From Ohm’s law at x = 0, we have v0 (t) = vS (t) − i0 (t)RS where RS is
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line the Thévenin resistance of the voltage source.
• Multiple Reflections
f0 −g0
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
Substituting v0 (t) = f0 + g0 and i0 (t) = Z0 leads to:
• Summary
Z0 RS −Z0
f0 (t) = RS +Z0 vS (t) + RS +Z0 g0 (t) , τ0 vS (t) + ρ0 g0 (t)
So f0 (t) is the superposition of two terms:
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections From Ohm’s law at x = 0, we have v0 (t) = vS (t) − i0 (t)RS where RS is
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line the Thévenin resistance of the voltage source.
• Multiple Reflections
f0 −g0
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
Substituting v0 (t) = f0 + g0 and i0 (t) = Z0 leads to:
• Summary
Z0 RS −Z0
f0 (t) = RS +Z0 vS (t) + RS +Z0 g0 (t) , τ0 vS (t) + ρ0 g0 (t)
So f0 (t) is the superposition of two terms:
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections From Ohm’s law at x = 0, we have v0 (t) = vS (t) − i0 (t)RS where RS is
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line the Thévenin resistance of the voltage source.
• Multiple Reflections
f0 −g0
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
Substituting v0 (t) = f0 + g0 and i0 (t) = Z0 leads to:
• Summary
Z0 RS −Z0
f0 (t) = RS +Z0 vS (t) + RS +Z0 g0 (t) , τ0 vS (t) + ρ0 g0 (t)
So f0 (t) is the superposition of two terms:
100 20−100
For RS = 20: τ0 = 20+100 = 0.83 and ρ0 = 20+100 = −0.67.
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
• Summary
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line gL(t)
Characteristics +
• Summary
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line gL(t)
Characteristics +
• Summary
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line gL(t)
Characteristics +
• Summary
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line gL(t)
Characteristics +
• Summary
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line gL(t)
Characteristics +
• Summary
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
vL (t) =
L
f0 t − u + gL (t)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
vL (t) = vL(t)
L
f0 t − u + gL (t)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
vL (t) = vL(t)
L
f0 t − u + gL (t)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
ρ0 = − 23
17: Transmission Lines
• Transmission Lines
• Transmission Line
Equations + ρL = 12
• Solution to Transmission
Line Equations vx = fx + gx
• Forward Wave
• Forward + Backward
Waves
Each extra bit of f0 is f 0(t)
• Power Flow
• Reflections delayed by 2Lu (=12 ns)
• Reflection Coefficients
• Driving a line
and multiplied by ρL ρ0 : 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
• Multiple Reflections
• Transmission Line
Characteristics +
f0P
(t) = gL(t)
∞ i i 2Li
• Summary
i=0 τ0 ρL ρ0 vS t− u
L
gL (t) = ρL f0 t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
v0(t)
v0 (t) =
L
f0 (t) + gL t − u
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)
vL (t) = vL(t)
L
f0 t − u + gL (t)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (ns)