CHAPTER EIGHT

CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE SCOPE

8.1 CONCLUSIONS
In this dissertation two MIMO Systems were implemented MIMO system with Spatial
Multiplexing employing Successive Interference Cancellation detection at the receiver in
conjunction with FEC coding (Turbo Codes) and MIMO system with Spatial Diversity using
STBC.

 In Chapter Three, a basic introduction to the FEC codes was provided along with the
Turbo Codes which are used in implementation of the system model, as they come
close in achieving near Shannon capacity bounds.
 In Chapter Four, physical effects on the signals in a MIMO wireless channel were
discussed along with the basic definitions, then MIMO System model was presented
and in the end an introduction to the channel capacities and their types was presented
along with the required equations.
 In Chapter Five, space time coding was discussed with some basic definitions and
then the two most popular variants (STBC and STTC) of the space time coding
schemes were discussed. STBC achieves full-diversity at full transmission rate for any
signal constellation. STTC does not achieve the maximum possible diversity gains
(spatial and multi-path) on frequency-selective channels; however, its performance
was near optimum for practical ranges of SNR on wireless links
 In Chapter Six, MIMO detection was discussed, an overview of Linear Detector,
Successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector, Maximum-likelihood detector
(MLD) and Sphere decoder (SD) was presented. SIC shows better performance than
linear detection scheme. Therefore it is used as a detection scheme for system
implementation.
Overview of the channel estimation was given. Linear estimation along with MMSE
estimation was presented.

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 Conclusion & Future Scope

 In chapter Seven, firstly the designing of MIMO system with Spatial Multiplexing
employing Successive Interference Cancellation detection at the receiver in
conjunction with FEC coding (Turbo Codes) and then MIMO system with Spatial
Diversity using STBC was explained in detail. Then the simulation results were
analysed. It was found out that the systems performance has improved due to Turbo
coding and the detection scheme used. The system employing STBC was also found
to perform considerably well due to the space time coding technique used.

8.2 FUTURE SCOPE

The system designed in this dissertation can be used as a stepping stone for future
research. Aspects that deserve attention and were not considered in this system design are
adaptive systems, higher order modulation schemes, differential multi antenna coding and
and channel estimation.

 Adaptive systems change the modulation technique to stay in a specific BER range.
An adaptive technique can be developed which combines moving between different
modulation techniques.
 In the proposed system only QAM was used. However for high spectral efficiencies
higher order modulation techniques are required.
 The use of differential coding allows the receiver to operate without CSI. Therefore
no pilots are required to be sent along with the information bits. This allows data
transmissions at high rates.
 The CSE performed has always some errors associated with it. Therefore some work
can be done on CSE to improve the performance of the system.

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