DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS

IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL

SCIENCES
Prepared by: Mr. Carlo C. Tugade
 DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

WEEK 1
I. Title: Bestlink College of the Philippines Vision and Mission

II. Objectives:
1. Internalize/explain the BCP Vision, Mission, goals, objectives, philosophy.
2. Comply with the school’s policies, rules, and regulations.

III. Content:
Beslink College of the Philippines Vision and Mission

Vision

Bestlink College of the Philippines is committed to provide and promote

quality education, with a unique, modern and researched-based curriculum
with delivery systems geared towards excellence

Mission

To produce self-motivated and self-directed individual who aims for academic

excellence, God-fearing, peaceful, wealthy, productive and successful
citizens

IV. Activities

Activity 1
Explain the Vision and Mission of BCP.

Activity 2
Create a song using the Vision and Mission of BCP as the song lyrics.

V. Assignment
1. What is the difference between pure social sciences and applied social
sciences?
2. Enumerate the different social science discplines
3. What are the three career tracks of applied social sciences?

WEEK 2

I. TITLE: COURSE INTRODUCTION

TOPIC: DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEFINITION OF APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

II. OBJECTIVE:
1. Clarify the relationships between social sciences and applied social sciences.
2. Cite differences among the applied social sciences
3. Appreciate the essence of social sciences and applied social sciences.

III. CONTENT:
Social Sciences – is made of several disciplines and these include history, political science,
sociology, psychology, economics, geography, demography, anthropology and linguistics. As a
body of scientific knowledge, the social sciences provide diverse set of lens that help us
understand and explain the different facets of human society. The varieties of lens that social
sciences study refer to the different fields of the social sciences that investigate human society.

Branches of the Social Sciences

 Economics studies the allocation of scarce resources and the production and
exchange of goods and services in society.
Economics has different subfields:
 Environmental economics- studies the allocation of natural resources
 Labor economics-focuses on the study of the decision- making and
behaviors of employees and the relationships between employers and their
employees.
 Business economics- examines the behavior of companies and firms by
studying the factors that result in profit maximization, price setting,
production goals, and the role of incentives.
 Monetary economics- on the other hand, studies the nation’s production,
inflation, income, interest rates, and monetary policies.

 Anthropology is the scientific study of humans and their cultures in the past
and present time.
Anthropologist are trained in the different areas:
 Cultural anthropology studies the development of human culture based
on ethnologic, linguistic, social, and psychological data analysis. It explains
how people in other societies live and affects their environments to their
respective lives.
 Physical anthropology studies human biological nature, particularly its
beginning , evolution, and variation in prehistory
 Archeology studies human life in the past through the examination of
things left behind by the people.

 History is systematic study of human past events in order to understand the

meaning, dynamics, and relationship of the cause and effects of events in the
development of societies.
History has several subfields:
 Political history studies history of political institutions
 Economic history studies the development of economic institutions and
other economic factors.
 Social history studies the history of ordinary lives of people like women,
children, ethnic groups, and the different sectors of society from historical
point of view.
 Environmental history looks into the history of the interaction of humans
with the environment
 History of medicine and public health examines the history of public
health and human medicine
 Business history studies the history of the development of businesses,
companies, and industries
 Biographies studies the history of great persons in history
 Political Science primarily studies human behavior in relation to political
systems, governments, laws, and international relations.
Political has several fields of study:
 Domestic politics studies public opinion, elections, national and local
governments.
  Comparative politics studies politics within countries and analyzes the
similarities and differences between among countries
 International Relations focuses on the study of political relationship and
interaction between and among countries
 Public administration studies national and local governance and
bureaucracy
 Public law examines legal systems, civil rights , and criminal justice
 Psychology studies how the human mind works in consonance with the body
to produce thoughts that lead to individual actions.
Psychology subfields:
 Experimental psychology studies of humans and animals examines how
and why learning takes place
 Developmental psychology studies the ways people change and behave
as they go through their life
 Personality psychology studies human nature and differences among
people
 Environmental psychology studies the effects of surroundings on a
person’s attitude and behavior
 Sociology a systematic study of people’s behavior in groups
Sociology subfields:
 Applied sociology focus on the use and proper application of sociological
theories, methods and skills to examine data, solve problems and
communicate research to the public.
 Urban sociology studies societal life interactions in urban areas through
the application of sociological methods like statistical analysis and
ethnographies
 Cultural sociology analyzes the development of social institutions, norms
and practices.
 Rural sociology studies the social life of people in rural areas
 Medical sociology examines the societal aspects of health and medicine
of people
 Sociology of education analyzes how social forces and institutions like
politics, economic systems, and culture affects school and educational
systems.
 Political sociology examines how social structure affects and influences
politics.
 Military sociology is a sociological study of the military organization, the
different civilian and military relationships, war experiences, and the use
and control of force
 Geography is the study of interaction between people and their environments.
Geography subfields:
 Physical geography studies the natural features of the earth , including
land, water , and atmosphere
 Human geography studies how people create cultures in their natural
environments.
 Demography according to the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
(2016) demography is the scientific study of human populations across time.
Major subfield:
 Population studies or social demography analyze demographic data to
define, explain, and foresee social phenomena. It also studies social –
status composition and population distribution.

Applied Social Sciences-branch of study that applies the different concepts, theoretical
models, and theories of the social science disciplines to help understand society and the
different problems and issues. The applied social sciences is utilized to provide alternative
solutions to the diverse problem of the society.

Three main career tracks for applied social scientist:

 Counseling is one of the fields of applied social sciences as an application of

the social sciences, counseling provides guidance, help, and support to
individuals who are distraught by a diverse set of problems in their lives.
 Counseling can be done by the following:
Guidance counselor and life coaching are applications of the social sciences and
these professions, expert help are given to individuals who needed guidance or
advice pertaining to their business successes, general conditions and personal life
transitions, relationships and career.
Life coach analyzes the present condition of the client, discovers different obstacles
or challenges that a client faces, and provides a certain course of action to make the
client’s life better.
Career counseling is needed by people who are in the process of entering the job
market, searching for possible career change, or those wanting career
advancements.
Personal growth counseling concentrates on the evaluation of different aspects of
a client’s life.
 Social work practitioners help individuals, families, and groups, communities
to improve their individual and collective well-being.
 Communication Studies- Applied social science provide adequate training for
careers in the field of journalism and mass communication because of
multidisciplinary knowledge and skills that graduates learn from social
sciences.
IV. Activities

Activity 1
Complete the data retrieval chart. Classify the following disciplines and categorize them
if they belong to the Pure Social Sciences or to the Applied Social Sciences.

Economics Anthropology
Counselling Sociology
History Political science
Geography Demography
Social Work Communication
Psychology

Pure Social Applied Social

Sciences Sciences
Activity 2
Compare and Contrast
Using the Venn diagram, compare and contrast Pure Social Sciences from Applied
Social Sciences

Applied Social
Pure Social Sciences Sciences

Activity 3

Answer the following questions:

1. What is the connection between social sciences and applied social sciences?
2. What is the importance of Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences?
3. What is the significance of different Applied Social Sciences?

V. Assignment
1. What is counseling?
2. What are the roles ,functions and areas of counseling
3. Who are the clientele and audiences in counseling

VI. Assessment
Multiple Choice: Read each sentence/situation carefully and select the correct
answer among the choices.
1. It is a vast fields of scientific studies that investigate human societies and the different forces
that work within them.
a. Social Science b. Social Studies c. Sociology d. Social Psychology

2. It is a branch of Social Science focuses on humankind in all times and places.

a. Anthropology b. Economics c. Sociology d. Psychology

3. The study of the nature of language through an examination of formal properties of natural
language, grammar and the processes of language acquisition.
a. Linguistics b. Sociology c. Anthropology d. Psychology

4. It is the study of the efficient allocation of scarce resources in order to satisfy unlimited human
needs and wants.
a. Geography b. Anthropology c. Economics d. Demography

5. The study of human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given
context.
a. Linguistics b. Sociology c. Anthropology d. Psychology

6. The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income or the incidence of diseases, which
illustrates the changing structure of human population.
a. History b. Demography c. Political Science d. Geography

7. This discipline attempts to reconstruct the past given the available (recorded/written)
resources.
a. History b. Demography c. Political Science d. Geography

8. The discipline that focuses on the physical, bio-chemical and cultural variation of human.
a. Linguistics b. Sociology c. Anthropology d. Psychology

9. It is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environment.
a. Psychology b. Geography c. Anthropology d. Political Science

10. The branch of knowledge that deals with the analysis of political activity and behavior.
a. Psychology b. Geography c. Anthropology d. Political
Science

11. This is the study of the development, structure and functioning of human society.
a. Linguistics b. Sociology c. Anthropology d. Psychology

12. Field of study that is focused on the used and application of the concepts and theories of the
social science disciplines to help understand society and different problems and issues it faces.
a. Social Sciences b. Applied Social Sciences c. Humanities d.
Behavioral Science

WEEK 3

I. Title: Discipline of Counseling

1.1 Counseling
1.1.1 Definitions
1.1.2 Goals
1.1.3 Scope
1.1.4 Core Values
1.1.5 Principles

II. Objectives:
1. Know the definition of Counseling through KWL Chart.
2. Identify the goals and scope of counseling and discuss the core values
and principles of counseling.
3. Demonstrate comprehension of counseling principles through case
analysis.

III. Content:
Counseling – For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science
wherein you endeavor to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the
counseling process.
- As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a flexible
and creative process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet
the developing needs of the clients.
- As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the
counseling process.
- In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is distressed
asks for help and permit another person to enter into a kind of connection with
him/her. It is indicative with formal of someone in search of counseling
requests for time and attention from person who will listen, who will allow
him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize him/her.
- Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as
presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
- Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and counseling
is the profession that implicates the application of “ an integrated approach to
the development of a well-functioning individual “ through the provision of
support that aids an individual to use his/her potential to the fullest in accord
with his/her interest , needs and abilities. (University of Queensland, 2015).
- At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in Pittsburgh
in March 2010, the representatives come to an agreement on a mutual
definition of counseling. They agreed that counseling is a professional
relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families and group to
accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals (Kaplan,
Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).

Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group,

organizational and community success
-Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and
Mitchell (2003), which are as follows:
1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human
growth and development including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and
physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable
development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and
different activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing,
thinking, and feeling is fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and
cognitive skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and
habits for good health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills,
learning emotional control, and developing positive self – concept.
The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement
of the above goals.
Goal Description
Insight Understanding of the origins
and development of emotional
difficulties , leading to an

Relating with others
Self- awareness
Self- acceptance
Self – actualization
Enlightenment
Problem- Solving
Psychological education
Acquisition of Social Skills
Cognitive change
Behavior change
increased capacity to take
rational control over feelings
and actions
Becoming better able to form
and maintain meaningful and
satisfying relationships with
other people : for example ,
within the family or workplace
Becoming more aware of
thoughts and feelings that had
been blocked off or denied, or
developing a more accurate
sense of how self is perceived
by others.
The development of a positive
attitude toward self, marked by
an ability to acknowledge areas
of experience that had been the
subject of self- criticism and
rejection
Moving in the direction of
fulfilling potential or achieving
an integration of previously
conflicting parts of self.
Assisting the client to arrive at
a higher state of spiritual
awakening
Finding a solution to a specific
problem that the client had not
been able to resolve alone.
Acquiring a general
competence in problem –
solving
Enabling the client to acquire
ideas and techniques with
which to understand and
control behavior
Learning and mastering social
and interpersonal skills such as
maintenance of eye contact ,
turn taking in conversations,
assertive, or anger control
The modification or
replacement of irrational beliefs
or mal adaptive thought
patterns associated with self-
destructive behavior
The modification or
replacement of maladaptive or
self- destructive patterns of
behavior.
 Systematic change Introducing change into the
way in that social systems
operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness,
and knowledge that will enable
to client to take control of his or
her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make
amends for previous
destructive behavior
Generality Inspiring in the person a desire
and capacity to care for others
and pass on knowledge and to
contribute to the collective good
through political engagement

Scope of Counseling
The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling.
Broadly, the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital
counseling, family counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject
matter related to scope of counseling is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice foe Licensed
Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and responsibilities of licensed
counselors including the following:

Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations

1. Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public
compromising of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures
to assist individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
2. “apply clinical counseling principles, methods , and procedures “, means an approach
to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients
through all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions , exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
emotional adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal,
consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.
3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under
the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists,
independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social worker.
4. Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees when
services are within their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the
diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders.

Source: http:codes.ohio.gov/oac/4757-15

Core Values- is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on

other organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as
standards that shape the members behavior in their interaction with their clients and
other people.
According to Mcleod (2003) ,the founders of humanistic psychology, including Maslows
and Rogers ,highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:

Ethical Principles These are the ideas that underpin both

personal and professional codes.
1. Autonomy of individuals
 Is based on the right to freedom
of action and freedom of choice
in so far as the pursuit of these
freedom does not interfere with
the freedom of others ;
counseling cannot happen
unless the client has made a
free choice to participate

2. Principle of Non maleficence

 This refers to instruction to all
helpers or healers that they
must ,above all, do no harm;
 Beneficence refers to the order
to promote human welfare

3. Principle of Justice
 Concerned with the fair
distribution of resources and
services , unless there is some
acceptable reason for treating
them differently
 For counseling , the principle
has particular relevance to the
question access

General Moral Theories  The BACP Ethical Framework for

Good Practice , drawing on virtues
perspective also identified a set of
personal qualities that all practitioners
should possess: empathy, sincerity,
integrity, resilience, respect, humility,
competence, fairness, wisdom and
courage

IV. Activities

Activity 1

I Need Help, Where Will I Go?

Instruction:
1. If something is bothering about life matters: academics,
relationships, family, identity, and financial concerns, with whom do
 you share your problem? Will you pursue formal help or a non-
formal help? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
2. Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

Name: ____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
In What Way Will Counseling Empower Me?
Instruction:
1. In our discussion on counseling goals, John McLeod contends that: “counseling
aims to empower the client by helping him/her make critical decisions in life,
develop ability to cope, enhance effectiveness, and improve quality of life”.
2. What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support it? How will it
empower you? Explain your answer.
3. Write your answer in the box.

Open Notes

Name:__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
 Activity 3

Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most?

Instruction:
1. Among those four ethical principle that we discuss in class, namely , principle of
autonomy of individuals, principles of non-maleficence, principle of justice, and
principle of fidelity, which will you choose to present? Why this principle? What
aspect of the principle influences you? Please explain.
2. Write your answers on the box.

Open Notes
Name:________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
V. _____________________________________________________________________________
Assignment
_____________________________________________________________________________
Search_____________________________________________________________________________
for the following:
- Roles , Functions and Competencies of counseling
_____________________________________________________________________________
- Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialization of Counselors
_____________________________________________________________________________
VI. _____________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
____________________________
1. What are the importance of counseling?

2. If you give a chance to become a counselor what are the characteristics

do you think that a counselor should have and why?

WEEK 4
I. Topic: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
Roles, functions, and competencies of counselors
Areas of specialization where counselors work
Career opportunities of counselors
Rights, Responsibilities, Accountabilities, and Code of Ethics

II. Objectives:
a. Show an understanding of the roles and functions of counseling and value
rights ,responsibilities , and accountabilities
b. Identify specific areas of specialization of counselors and career
opportunities for counselors
c. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors
III. Content:

Roles and Functions of Counselors

According to Gibson and Mitchell (2003) a helping profession is
composed of members “who are especially trained and licensed to perform a
unique and service for fellow human beings”.
Roles / Functions Description
Individual Assessment Seeks to identify the
characteristics and potential of
every client ; promotes the
client’s self-understanding and
assisting counselors to
understand the client better
Individual Counseling Considers as the core activity
through which other activities
become meaningful. It is a
client –centered process that
demand confidentiality.
Relationship is established
between counselor and client.
Group Counseling and Groups are means of providing
Guidance organized and planned
assistance to individuals for an
array of needs. Counselor
provides assistance through
group counseling and group
guidance.
Career Assistance Counselors are called on to
provide career planning and
adjustment assistance to
clients.
Placements and Follow -Up A service of school counseling
programs with emphasis on
educational placements in
course and programs.
Referral It is the practice of helping the
clients find needed expert
assistance that the referring
counselor cannot provide.
Consultation It is the process of helping a
client through a third party or
 helping system improve its
service to its clientele.
Research It is necessary to advance the
profession of counseling; it can
provide empirically based data
relevant to the ultimate goal of
implementing effective
counseling.
Evaluation and Accountability Evaluation is a means of
assessing the effectiveness of
counselor’s activities.
Accountability is an outgrowth
of demand that schools and
other tax-supported institutions
be held accountable for their
actions.
Prevention This includes promotion of
mental health through primary
prevention using a social –
psychological perspective.

Competencies of Counselors
Seven distinct competence areas of counselors. There might be other areas
but we will focus on the input of McLeod (2003).
1. Interpersonal Skills –counselors who are competent display ability to listen,
communicate ; empathize ; be present ; aware of nonverbal communication;
sensitive to voice quality , responsive to expressions of emotion, turn taking,
structure of time and use of language .
2. Personal beliefs and Attitude- counselors have the capacity to accept
others, belief in potential of change, awareness of ethical and moral choices
and sensitive to values held by client and self.
3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand and assess
client’s problem; to anticipate future problems; make sense of immediate
process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to remember information about
the client.
4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are
destructive to counseling relationships, self-confidence ,capacity to tolerate
strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation to the clients, secure personal
boundaries, ability to be a client ; must carry no social prejudice,
ethnocentrism and authoritarianism.
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of when and
how to carry out specific interventions, ability to assess effectiveness of the
interventions, understanding the rationale behind techniques, possession of
wide repertoire of intervention
6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would be
compromise of awareness of family and work relationships of client the
impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use support networks and
supervision ; sensitivity to client from different gender, ethnicity , sexual
orientation, or age group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the capacity to
be curious about client’s backgrounds and problems; being open to new
knowledge
Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialization of Counselors
1. Marriage and Family Counseling – refers to the efforts to establish an
encouraging relationship with couple or family and appreciate the
complications in the family system.
2. Child and Adolescent Counseling – is a developing area of expertise in
counseling profession. The counseling strategies focus on helping children
and adolescents acquire coping skills through promotion of resiliency, positive
attachment relationship, emotional and intellectual intelligence, and other
qualities that promote optional development.
3. Group Counseling – is the dynamic field in the counseling profession.
Group counseling as a practice can be located in most counseling programs
and became the essential part of counselor’s system. Group counseling offers
the following : opportunities to members to learn from observing other group
members ; can functions as helpers and helps ; opportunities to discover that
you others have similar concerns ; members are encouraged to offer help to
others ;opportunities to enhance interpersonal skills; the therapeutic climate
created similar as the client’s family origin.
4. Career Counseling –is an evolving and challenging counseling field. This
type of counseling aids individual on decisions and planning concerning their
career. The counseling approach includes integrating theory and practice.
Adopted Savickas ( 1996 )as cited Nystul ( 20003 ) adopted the model of
Wagner ( 1971) on structural analysis of personality to the realm of
vocational psychology. The model consist of vocational career services,
occupational placement , vocational guidance , career counseling , career
education , career therapy, and position coaching.
5. School Counseling- refers to the process of reaching out students with
concerns on drugs, family and peers or gang involvement. The job requires
sensitivity to individual differences and considers diversity in enhancing
educational perspective. The job requires skills on consultation, counseling’s
exceptional students and with the ability to handle problems such as drug
abuse, teenage pregnancy, divorced or single parents, dropping out of
school.
6. Mental Health Counseling - is manifested in the challenges posed by its
clientele with mental disorders. Mental disorders include serious depression,
schizophrenia, and substance abuse. Mental health counselors have to be
inventive, and creative to address these problems. The job requires patience,
humility, kindness and compassion.
Rights and Responsibilities, and Accountabilities of Counselors (
MIDTERM)
Code of ethics help counselors to remind them of their rights, responsibilities
and accountabilities in the counseling profession. The rights, responsibilities
and accountabilities of the counselors are based on the counselors
associations of Code of Conduct.
The code of ethics of the counselors is divided into seven sections,
namely , (a) counseling relationship, (b) confidentiality (c) professional
responsibility (d) relationships with other professionals , (e) evaluation,
assessment, and interpretation, (f) teaching ,training and supervision (g)
research and publication.( Gladding , 2000 ). We shall only presenting in
details three of the seven areas, namely, counseling relationships,
confidentiality, and professional responsibility. The following three tables
below provide a sample code of ethics of the American Counseling
Association.

Areas Description
The Counseling Relationships
1. Client welfare Counselor’s primary
responsibility is to respect the
dignity and promote the welfare
of clients. They are also
expected to encourage client’s
growth. Counselors and clients
are expected to work together
in crafting individual counseling
plans consistent with the
client’s circumstances.
2. Respecting Diversity Counselors do not engage in
discrimination based on age,
color, culture, disability, ethnic
group, gender, race, religion,
sexual orientation, marital
status and socio economic
status. Counselors shall
respect differences and
understand the diverse cultural
backgrounds of their clients.
3. Client Rights Counselors shall disclose the
purposes, goals, techniques,
procedures, limitations,
potential risks, benefits of the
services to be performed and
other pertinent information to
the client throughout the
counseling process.
Counselors offer clients the
freedom to choose whether to

4. Clients Served by others
5. Personal Needs and
values
6. Dual Relationships
7. Sexual Intimacies with
Clients
8. Multiple Clients
enter into a counseling
relationship and determine
which professional will provide
counseling, except when the
client is unable to give consent.
In cases where the client is
receiving services from another
mental health professional, with
clients consent, inform the
professional person already
involved to develop an
agreement.
Maintain the clients and avoid
actions that seek to meet their
personal needs at the expense
of the clients. Counselors shall
be aware of their values,
attitudes, beliefs, and behavior
and how these apply in a
diverse society and avoid
imposing their values on
clients.
Counselors are aware of their
influential position over their
clients avoid the exploiting the
trust and dependency of the
clients. Counselors should not
accept as superiors or
subordinates clients’.
Counselors should not have
any type of sexual intimacies
with clients and do not counsel
persons with whom they have
sexual relationship. Counselors
should not also engage with
sexual intimacies with their
former clients within a minimum
of two years.
In cases where counselors
agree to provide counseling
services to two or more
persons who have a
relationship, counselors clarify
at the outset which person or
persons are clients and the
 nature of relationship they will
have with each other involved
person.
9. Group Work Counselors screen prospective
group counseling / therapy
participants to determine those
with compatible needs. In
group setting, counselors take
reasonable precautions to
protect clients from physical or
psychological trauma.
10. Fees Prior to entering the counseling
relationship, the counselors
clearly explain the clients all
financial arrangements related
to professional fees.

Source: Gladding, 2000

Areas
Confidentiality
1.Right to Privacy  Counselors respect a client’s right
to privacy and avoid illegal and
unwarranted disclosures of
unwarranted information.
 The right to privacy may be
waived by the clients or their
legally recognized representative.
 The general requirement that the
counselors keep the information
confidential does not apply when
disclosure is required to prevent
clear and imminent danger to the
client or others or when legal
requirements demand that
confidential information is be
revealed.
 Counselors who received
information confirming that a client
has a disease known to be
communicable and fatal is justified
in disclosing information to an
identifiable third party, who by
his/her relationship with the client
is at high risk of contracting the
disease.

2. Group and Families
3. Minor Incompetent client
4. Records
 When court orders the counselors
to release confidential information
without client’s permit, counselors
request to the court that the
disclosure should not be required
due to potential harm to client or
counseling relationship.
 In group work, counselors clearly
define confidentiality and
parameters for the specific group
being entered, explain its
importance, and discuss
difficulties related to confidentiality
involved in group work.
 In family counseling, information
about one family cannot be
disclosed to another member
without permission.
 When counseling clients who are
minors or individuals who are
unable to give voluntary, informed
consent, parents or guardians
may be included in the counseling
process as appropriate.
 Counselors maintain necessary
records for rendering professional
services to their clients and as
required by laws, regulations, or
agency or institution procedures.
 Counselors are responsible for
securing safety and confidentiality
of any counseling record they
create, maintain, transfer, or
destroy whether the records are
written, taped, computerized, or
stored in any other medium.
 Counselors recognized that
counseling records are kept for
the benefits of the clients
therefore provide access to record
and copies of record when
requested by competent clients
unless it contains information that
may be misleading or detrimental
to the clients.
 Counselors obtain written
permission from clients to disclose

5. Research and Training
6. Consultation
Source: Gladding, 2000
Areas
Professional Responsibility
1. Standards Knowledge
2. Professional Competence
or transfer records to legitimate
third parties unless exception to
confidentiality exists.
 Use of data derived from
counseling relationships for
purposes of training ,research , or
publication is confined to content
that is disguised to ensure the
anonymity of the individuals
involved. Identification of the client
involved is permissible only when
the client has reviewed the
material and has agreed to its
presentation or publication.
 Information obtained in consulting
relationship is discussed for
professional purposes only with
persons clearly concerned with
the case. Before sharing
information, counselors make
efforts to ensure that there
defined policies that effectively
protect the confidentiality of
information with other agencies
serving the counselors clients.
Description
 Counselors have a responsibility
to read, understand, and follow
the Code of Ethics and Standards
of Practice
 Counselors practice only within
the boundaries of their
competence based on their
education, training, supervised
experience, state and national
professional credentials and
appropriate professional
experience. Counselors will
demonstrate a commitment to
gain knowledge, personal
awareness, sensitivity, and skills
 pertinent to working with diverse
client population.
 Counselors practice specialty
areas new with to them only after
appropriate education, training,
and supervised experience. While
developing skills in new specialty
area, counselors take step to
ensure the competence of their
work and to protect other from
possible harm.
 Counselors accept employment
only for positions which they are
qualified by education, training,
supervise experience, state and
national professional credentials,
and appropriate professional
experience.
 Counselors continually monitor
their effectiveness as
professionals and take steps to
improve their skills and
knowledge.
 Counselors refrain from offering
or accepting professional services
when their physical, mental, or
emotional problems are like to
harm clients or others.

IV. Activities
Activity 1 Count Me In, Count me Out: Will I Give up My Job or Not?
Instruction:
1. In the area of counseling relationships of the Code of Conduct, it states that
“Counselors should not have any type of sexual intimacies with clients and do not
counsel persons with whom they have sexual relationship. Counselors should not also
engage with sexual intimacies with their former clients within a minimum of two years.”

2. What if you are counselor and you have fallen in love with your client and the client
has also fallen in love with you. Since, it is unethical to pursue the relationship; you
will quit your job. Your job is also important to you. Now, what will be your decision?
 Activity 2
Will I report My Client or Not
Instruction:
In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a portion on client’s right to
privacy. What if the counselor, in his/her conversation with the client, found out that the
client accidentally killed a person, will you report the client to police or not? Explain your
answer.

V. Assignment
1. Who are the audiences and clientele in counseling?

VI. Assessment:

1. What are roles of counseling?

2. What Careers opportunities and areas of specialization of counselors?
3. What are the roles and functions of counseling?
4. If you give a chance to become a counselor are you going to grab it? Why
or Why not?

WEEK 5

I. Title: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

II. Objectives:

1. Identify and describe the different types of clientele and audience of

counseling.
2. Describe the characteristics and needs of the different types of clientele
3. Distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities
4. Demonstrate appreciation of counseling clientele through a clientele analysis.

III. Content

Counseling and Its Clientele and Audience

The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come from
different settings. Counselors deal with a mixture of people with
different concerns and issues.
- People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just harmful to our
physical health but to our mental health as well. It cannot be denied
that the drug addiction create more social problems and contribute to
social disintegration. Consequently, more youth victims cry for help
and seek for counselors’ attention.
- People who use Tobacco – slowly our population recognizes the bad
effects of tobacco to our health. However, many people still use and
continue use tobacco even if it is deadly. Users find it difficult to stop
 smoking. Hence, smokers who desire to quit tobacco were added to
the list of the counselor’s audiences.
- People who abuse alcohol – alcoholism is seen as a disease
alcoholics find it difficult to stop drinking on their own. This requires
help from a professional as it requires appropriate treatment. However,
an equally important paradigm is to look at alcoholism as a weakness
of self – control and self –discipline .therefore this requires intervention
other than treatment.
- Women – most men still have less participation in household
responsibilities and child care. In this case, women’s advancement is
constrained. What complicates this situation is the women’s perception
about themselves and the society’s expectations. Counselors are
responsible in helping women appreciate their own values, abilities,
aptitudes, and interests and to utilize these to develop their full
potential. ( Gibson and Mitchel ,2003 )
- Older Adults – a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must
be instituted. This is a challenge to the counseling profession. other
issues that require attention of counseling include loss of a partner
,decline of mental capacity and mobility, increased loneliness ,decline
in financial security etc.
- People with AIDS –acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has
been labeled as the most feared disease due to its incurability. Victims
of this disease are seeking help to improve their quality of life and to
handle their emotional stress and low self-esteem. Counseling’s
approach requires sensitivity and appreciation of the intricacies of the
disease. Counselors may also help in assisting and educating the
victims’ support system.
- Victims of Abuse – this population represents victims of domestic
violence characterized by spouse and child abuses. Spouse abuse is
often associated with poverty, drug abuse and career disappointments.
The abuse has also become rampant and has caused psychological
damage to the victims. The counselors are increasingly utilized to help
the victims.
- Gay Men and Lesbian Women- they are usually the victims of
harassment, violence, discrimination, and isolation. Gays and lesbians,
like other sectors of the society, suffer from peer denial, family clash,
health uncertainties and prejudgment. Counseling will focus on self-
awareness, self- acceptance and understanding.

IV. Activity

Analyzing the Context of counseling Clients

Instruction:
1. Choose one among the identified counseling clientele. Choose a particular problem
that this type of clients ( i.e., youth suffering from depression ) face.
2. Read related cases about this type of clients.
3. Write paper: profile of this type of clients, discuss and analyze their situation, and the
difficulties and challenges they face.

V. Assignment

Research for the following:

- Counseling and its processes, methods, and tools

VI. Assessment

1. Who are the clientele and audiences of counselor?

2. What are their needs and demands?
3. Why they are become the clientele for counseling?
WEEK 6

I. Topic: Counseling And Its Processes, Methods, And Tools

II. Objectives:
1. Discuss the different processes in counseling.
2. Illustrate the different processes in counseling.
3. Demonstrate understanding of the processes of counseling.

III. Content
There are six stages of the counseling process, namely, relationship building,
assessment and diagnosis, formulation of the counseling goals, intervention and
problem solving, termination and follow –up, and research and evaluation.
1. Stage One: Relationship Building
 This is the heart of counselling process because it provides the force and
foundation for the counselling to succeed.
 This stage involves establishing rapport,
 promote acceptance of the client as a person with worth,
 establishing genuine interaction,
 promote direct mutual communication
 helping clients understand themselves,
 helping client focus and
 Slowly promote counselling relevant communication, from the client.
2. Stage Two: Assessment and Diagnosis
 One of the most crucial stages.
 This serves as the window for the counsellor to have a thorough appreciation of
the client’s condition.
 It entails analysis of the root causes of problems.
 The data that will be gathered in diagnosis will be utilized in the formulation of
goals.
3. Stage Three: Formulation of Counseling Goals
 Goals are important as it sets the direction of the counselling process.
 It shall serve as the parameter of work and the client-counsellor relationship.
 Counselling goals may be treated as a process goal or outcome goal.
 The client and counsellor must agree on the counselling goals.
 4. Stage Four: Intervention and Problem Solving
 Guidelines:
 A. The counselor has to provide a mapping of the different approaches offered.
 B. Describe the role of the counselor and client for each procedure.
 C. Identify possible risks and benefits that may come.
 D. Estimate the time and cost of each procedure.

 Kafner and Busemeyer identified the six-stage model for problem solving
 Problem detection
 Problem definition
 Identification of alternative solutions
 Decision-making
 Execution
 Verification
5. Stage Five: Termination and Follow –up
 The essential goal in counselling is to witness a client progress on his/her own
without the assistance of the counselor.
 There are four components of termination which were identified by Quintan and
Holahan:
 1. Discussion of the end of counselling
 2. Review of the course of counselling
 3. Closure of the counsellor-client relationship
 4. Discussion of the client’s future and post-counselling plan
6. Stage Six: Research and Evaluation
 This stage can be undertaken at any point in the counselling stage.
 Research and evaluation are fundamental part of the evaluation.
Results of the research provide a scientific appreciation of the counselling situation.

IV. Activity

1. Why is it important to know the processes of counseling?

2. For you what is the most important stage of counseling and why?
3. As a student what is the significance of studying the processes of
counseling and how can you apply it?

V. Assignment

1. What are the different methods in counseling?

VI. Assessment

Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.

A B
Relationship Building This serves as the window for the
counselor to have a thorough
appreciation of the client’s condition.
Assessment and Diagnosis
It shall serve as the parameter of work
and the client – counselor relationship.
Formulation of Counseling Goals

Research and Evaluation
Termination and Follow –up
Intervention and Problem solving
The essential goal in counseling to
witness a client progress on his/her own
without the assistance of the counselor.
This stage can be undertaken at any
point in counseling stage.
The guidelines include the following : ( a )
the counselor has to provide a mapping
of the different approaches offered , (b)
describe the role of the counselor and
client for each procedure ,(c) identify
possible risks and benefits that may come
and (d) estimate the time and cost of
each procedure.

This is the heart of the counseling

process because it provides the force and
foundation for the counseling to succeed.

WEEK 7

I. Title: Counselling and It’s Methods

II. Objectives:

1. Discuss the different methods in counseling.

2. Understand the different methods in counseling though a comparative
summary of counseling theories and methods.
3. Demonstrate some method in counseling theory specially Gestalt’s Technique
though answering open notes

III. Content

Methods in Counseling
 1. CLASSIC THEORIES -The psychological theories developed by Sigmund
Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung are considered as the classic schools for the
reason that they primed the underpinning of clinical practice.
 a. FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY -The approach of Freud in
counselling and psychotherapy is popularly known as psychoanalysis which is an
analysis of the mind. Its objective is to restructure the personality by resolution of
intrapsychic conflict, which focuses in the internal forces such as unconscious
processes .It focuses on personal adjustment through reorganization of internal
forces within the person to help him/her become aware of the unconscious
aspect of his/her personality. It focuses on personal adjustment through
 reorganization of internal forces within the person to help him/her become aware
of the unconscious aspect of his/her personality.

 Psychoanalysis has three goals:

1. to help clients gain insights about themselves
2. to help clients work unstuck issues
3. to help clients cope with the stresses of the society.
 The following techniques may be used:
1. FREE ASSOCIATION- a method to encourage the patient to discuss whatever
comes to his mind in order to release suppressed emotions.
2. DREAM ANALYSIS- a method to explore unconscious process using dreams.
3. CONFRONTATION AND CLARIFICATION- a form of feedback procedure for
patients to become aware of what is happening to him/her and to determine areas for
further analysis.
4. INTERPRETATION- a process of giving insights to patients about their inner conflicts
which can be reflected in resistance, transference, and other processes.

 b. ADLER’S INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

The approach of Adler in counseling and psychotherapy focuses on the role of cognition
is psychological functioning.
Its objective is to gain an understanding of the clients and assess why clients behave
and think in certain ways.
 Adlerian counseling focuses on four goals:
1. establishment and maintenance of egalitarian relationship
2. analysis of client’s lifestyle
3. interpretation of client’s lifestyle in a way that promotes insight
4. reorientation and reeducation of the client with accompanying behavior change.
 Adlerian techniques can be explained in four phases of Adlerian
Psychotherapy.
First Phase: ESTABLISHING THE RELATIONSHIP
-Use of listening skills
-Winning respect and offering hope
-Encouragement
 Second Phase: PERFORMING ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT
-Lifestyle Analysis
-Dream analysis may be used to conduct lifestyle analysis
 Third Phase: PROMOTING INSIGHT
-Insight Process
 Fourth Phase: REORIENTATION
-Spitting in the Client’s Soup
- The push-button techniques
-Catching oneself
-Acting as-if
-Task setting and commitment
 c. JUNG’S ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY
The counseling and psychology approach of Jung is referred to as psychotherapy.
Jung’s approach highlights the task of the unconscious processes in “psychological
functioning”
The approach applies dreams and other procedures to determine the unconscious
processes to utilize the result to boost the functioning of personality and to enhance
mental health and wellness.
 2. EXPERIENTIAL THEORIES
It falls under the affective theories which are concerned about generating impact on the
emotions of clients to effect change.
The well-known experiential theorists include Rogers and Perls
a. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling
It has been described as the “if-then” approach.
 The following conditions were formulated by Rogers:
1. Counselor Congruence
2. Empathic Understanding
3. Unconditional Positive Regard
 b. Pearl’s Gestalt Therapy
It focuses on the here and now.
It refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client wherein the client
experiences from the inside what the therapist observes from the outside.
The goal of the approach is awareness on the environment, of responsibility for
choices, of self, and self-acceptance.
 Gestalt’s technique include the following:
ASSUMING RESPONSIBILITY- rephrase the statement and add “I take responsibility
for it”.
USING PERSONAL PRONOUNS- take personal responsibility by saying “I or me
“instead of “us or us”
NOW I AM AWARE- assists the clients to get in touch with himself/herself.
THE EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE- helps client work through conflicting parts of
personality.
 3.COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
a. ELLIS RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY
REBT highlights the role of cognitions on emotions with assertion that persons can be
best appreciated in terms of internal cognitive dialogue or self-talk.
REBT views the emotional disorder is associated with cognitive processes that are not
rational.
 REBT TECHNIQUES:
COGNITIVE- reforming ideas that are reasonable and irrational. Focus on “defeating
cognitions”.
EMOTIVE TECHNIQUES- focus on the client’s “affective or emotional domain”
 BEHAVIORAL TECHNIQUES- Focus on the full array of behavioural methods
such as assertiveness training, relaxation therapy, self-management, self-
monitoring, and homework assignments.
 b. BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY
 TECHNIQUES:
DECATASTROPHIZING- referred to as “what if”.
REDEFINING- rearticulating an obstacle to something that may be useful.
 DECENTERING- This will help the client apprehend that they are not the “center
of attention”.
BEHAVIORAL TECHNIQUES – this method applies a broad selection of methods to
assist clients obtaining ‘essential skills, relaxing preparing for difficult situations, and
exposing them to feared, preparing for difficult situations, and exposing them to feared
situations”.
 c. BERNE’S TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
Refers to examining and dissecting transactions between people.
It includes evaluating the “three ego state of parent, adult, and child of each person”.
The fundamental goal is for the client to be “autonomous, self-aware, spontaneous and
have the capacity for intimacy.”
 TECHNIQUES:
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS- assists clients to be conscious of their “three ego”.
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS- assists clients to “learn to communicate with
complementary transactions.”
SCRIPT ANALYSIS- looks into the “type of life script the client has developed and how
it can be re-written.”
ANALYSIS OF GAMES- comprise of determining “what games the clients play and how
the games interfere with interpersonal functioning.”

IV. Activity

Instruction: Please fill out the required information in the table below.

Theories Founder Methods Contribution Strengths Weaknesses

/ to the field
Theorist
Freud’s
Psychoanalytic
Theory
Adlerian
Counseling

Rogers Person
– Centered
Counseling
Perls Gestalt
Theory
Beck’s
Cognitive
Theory
Ellis Rational
Emotive
Therapy

Berne
Transaction
Analysis

V. Assignment
1. What is social work?

VI. Assessment

1. What are the importance of studying the methods of counselling?

2. As a student it can be helpful to you? Why or Why not?
WEEK 8
I. Topic: The Discipline of Social Work
- Definitions
- Goals
- Scope
- Core values
 - Principles

II. Objectives:

1. Identify the goals and scope of social work.

2. Demonstrate comprehension of the principles of social work.
3. Discuss the core values of social work.

III. Content
Definition of Social Work

“Social work as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups or

communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating
societal conditions favourable to the goal.”
- National Association of Social Workers, United States

“Social work as a field within human services and a part of services of the
government. It considers social work as an important service to the society focusing
on the individuals and families in need.”
- United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization, 2000

“Social work as a practice based and academic discipline that promotes

change and social development. Accordingly, the principle of social justice, human
rights, collective responsibility, and respect of diversities are vital in the field.
- International Federation of Social Workers
“Social work as an APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE of helping people achieve an
effective level of psychosocial functioning and effecting societal changes to enhance
the wellbeing of people.” Cox and Pawar, 2006

“Social work as a profession which is concerned about the person’s personal

adjustment to his/her environment and she referred this as person’s social
functioning.” Mendoza, 2002

Four Areas of Consideration in Social Work (Morales and Sheafor (1983)

1. Social worker is concerned with enabling or facilitating change.
2. Social worker helps people or institutions to enhance social functioning.
3. Applying the social systems theory, social work is a profession that helps people
to interact more with the social environment.
4. Social worker must have handles in fortifying and securing the necessary
resources to attain the goals of the clients.

Scope of Social Work (Lishman et al, 2004)

- Child Development
- Medical Social Work
- Administrative and Management
- Local Social Work
- International Social Work
- Social Work in Acute Psychiatric Hospital
- Social Work As Community Organizer

Scope of Social Work

Social Work as Primary Discipline

a. Adoption and services to unmarried parents

 Difficult decision to keep the baby or place it for adoption
 Applies both individual and group counseling to assist women in making
decisions
b. Foster Care
 Removing children from homes and placing them to foster homes temporarily
 Works with the parent, child and court to administer court decisions to remove a
child due to detrimental situations
c. Residential Care
 Group care home or a residential treatment center
 These are for children exhibiting anti-social behaviors that require intensive
treatment
d. Support in own home
 Support services to keep children in their own homes
 Counseling, family consultations, clients with appropriate institutions such as day
care centers and home maker services.
e. Protective Services
 Protecting the child from abuse, maltreatment, exploitation by parents.
 Seeks to protect the child without infringing the rights of parents
f. Family Services
 Family counseling involves family case work, family group work and family
therapy
 Family life education strengthens family relationships through educational
activities to prevent family breakdown
f. Family Services
 Family planning involves planning the number, spacing and timing of child births
to fit with their needs.
 Make decisions about the patterns of reproduction towards enhancing quality of
life.
g. Income Maintenance
 Public assistance – financial aid to the poor.
 It includes cash grants, food stamps, general assistance such as hospital and
medical care, and supplemental security income.
 Social Insurance – social provisions that are funded by employers and
employees through contributions to a specific program.

Social Work as an Equal Partner

a. Support for people in their own homes program
 Helping older people remain in their homes and linking them with community
programs such as health care, meals and home care services.
b. Support for people in the long term care facilities
 Refers to nursing homes or other group living facilities.
c. Community Services
 Community organization activities – gathering and analysis of data, matching
delivery of services to the population distribution, securing funds, coordination
with existing agencies and educating the general public about the services.
Community Services
  Community planning – involvement of social workers with the physical, economic
and health planners in the long range planning of communities.

Social Work as a Secondary

Discipline
a. Correctional Facilities – provide counseling and link them to the outside world,
provide support upon release.
b. Industry – Support to both managers and employees. Serves as basis for
development
c. Medical and Health care – attend to the social and psychological factors
contributing to the medical condition of the patients.
d. d. Schools
Facilitate the provision of direct educational and social services and provide
direct social case work and group work to selected students

Core Values of Social Work

Principles of Social Work

1. Acceptance
 Respecting clients under different circumstances
 Understanding the meaning and causes of clients behavior
 Recognizing people’s strength and potentials, weakness and limitation.
2. Client’s participation in Problem Solving
 Client is expected to participate in the process.
 Participates in planning ways in resolving problem
 Identifying resources to solve
 Act through the available resources
3. Self-determination
 Individual, groups and communities who are in need have the right to determine
their needs and how they should be met.
4. Individualization
 Understanding client’s unique characteristics and different methods each client.
5. Confidentiality
 Client should be accorded with appropriate projection, within the limits of the law,
with no any harm that might result from the information given to the social
worker.
6. Worker self-awareness
 Social worker consciously examines her feelings, judgments, biases, responses
whether it is professionally motivated.
7. Client Worker Relationship
  The client is in need of help in social functioning and the worker is in the position
to help.

IV. Activities

Activity 1

Define Social Works in your own words

V. Assignment
1. What are the roles, functions and competencies of Social
Workers?
2. What are the areas of specialization in which social workers
work?
3. What are the career opportunities for social workers?
VI. Assessment
1. Give at least 3 definition of social work?
2. Enumerate the Principles of Social work.

WEEK 9

I. Title: Professionals and Practitioners in Social Work

Roles, functions, and competencies of social workers
Areas of specialization in which social workers work
Career opportunities of social workers

II. Objectives:
1. Show an understanding of the roles and functions of social workers
2. Identify specific work areas in which social workers work
3. Identify career opportunities for social workers
III. Content
Roles of a Social Worker
https://www.csc.edu/socialwork/careers/roles/index.csc
Broker
The social worker is involved in the process of making referrals to link a family or
person to needed resources. Social work professionals do not simply provide
information. They also follow up to be sure the needed resources are attained. This
requires knowing resources, eligibility requirements, fees and the location of services.
Advocate
In this role, social workers fight for the rights of others and work to obtain needed
resources by convincing others of the legitimate needs and rights of members of
society. Social workers are particularly concerned for those who are vulnerable or are
unable to speak up for themselves. Advocacy can occur on the local, county, state or
national level. Some social workers are involved in international human rights and
advocacy for those in need.
Case Manager
Case managers are involved in locating services and assisting their clients to access
those services. Case management is especially important for complex situations and for
those who are homeless or elderly, have chronic physical or mental health issues, are
disabled, victims of domestic or other violent crimes, or are vulnerable children.
 Educator
Social Workers are often involved in teaching people about resources and how to
develop particular skills such as budgeting, the caring discipline of children, effective
communication, the meaning of a medical diagnosis, and the prevention of violence.
Facilitator
In this role, social workers are involved in gathering groups of people together for a
variety of purposes including community development, self advocacy, political
organization, and policy change. Social workers are involved as group therapists and
task group leaders.
Organizer
Social Workers are involved in many levels of community organization and action
including economic development, union organization, and research and policy
specialists.
Manager
Social Workers, because of their expertise in a wide variety of applications, are well
suited to work as managers and supervisors in almost any setting. As managers, they
are better able to influence policy change and/or development, and to advocate, on a
larger scale, for all underprivileged people.

Defining Roles, Functions and competencies of Social Work

Being a social worker is often a challenging, yet rewarding career. Social
workers are responsible for helping individuals, families, and groups of people to cope
with problems they’re facing to improve their patients’ lives. One aspect of this is
teaching skills and developing mechanisms for patients to rely on to better their lives
and experiences. We must not put our own problems in our work, it may affects our
work so we should separate our own problems in term of works. And sometimes we
need to put ourselves in their situations so we can understand what they feel.
Areas of specializations of Social work
Within the field of social work, there are many different specializations and
industries that professionals can pursue and focus on. While these different fields all
require practitioners to show the cornerstones of social work: empathy, flexibility, and
persistence, and respect for different circumstances; there are some skill sets and
knowledge that social workers will need to utilize in order to become the as effective at
their jobs as possible. Social workers can be required to aid with issues directly caused
by trauma, disability, poor family circumstances, abuse, mental and emotional
problems, addiction, and acute, chronic, or terminal illnesses. Some social workers
prefer to focus their skills on one area of expertise by going into specific fields. As we
think of it, Social work also does specialization so it prior individual who profession this.
It instruct here that we need to master things about social work. Why should we need to
specialize social work? Of course for us to do our jobs correctly specially social work,
because social works do not aiming for a job to have wage but also save lives. And
these 5 major specialization of Social work really helps to accomplish things that we
should . For example in mental health field, In this case we really need to specialize this
primarily because now a days many of us are suffering from depression, what if we
don't specialized about this? That would be more trouble. Specialization does not only
help us to gain knowledge but also to save different community problems.
Career Opportunities of Social Work
 There are so many potential career paths in social work that it can be challenging to
answer the question: what does a social worker do? Many social workers provide
clinical and case management services directly to individuals, couples, families, and
groups. Social workers serve clients dealing with a range of challenges including
poverty, physical and mental health issues, addiction, and family problems. They may
provide clinical services, such as therapy or counseling, and connect people to
resources in the community to help them overcome challenges. Most social workers
believe that everyone is impacted by their environment. This person-in-environment
perspective informs many areas of social work, some social workers do not work
directly with individual clients. Instead, they work in community organizations,
government, and advocacy groups to alleviate poverty and social injustice on a big-
picture level and these social work careers include legislative advocacy, policy analysis,
and community organizing to break down barriers and drive reform. Many social
workers’ careers include both individual client-centered work and big picture work,
whether professionals choose a career as a school social worker, child social worker,
medical social worker, or another social work path, their work will likely involve
individual services for people in need of support along with program development and
advocacy to improve the institutions, systems, and policies impacting their client
population.

IV. Activities
Activity 1
Conduct an interview to your municipal/city/provincial/national social worker and ask
the following questions:
1. What social problems did the social worker encounter in the barangay?
2. What intervention did the social worker to help solve the problem?

V. Assignment
What are the rights, responsibilities and accountabilities of social worker?
VI. Assessment
Essay:
Explain comprehensively:
“A social worker’s job is never done, but the successful professionals relish
the challenges”

Would you consider the work of social work challenging yet rewarding
career? Why?

WEEK 10
I. Title: Rights, Responsibilities, Accountabilities, and Code of Ethics

II. Objectives:
1. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities
2. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among
practitioners
 III. Content
Rights, Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Social Work

Being a social worker is often a challenging, yet rewarding career. It is not

only about the fact that social work is always concerned with the clients and service
oriented but it’s also about the social work’s rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities like any other professions. It is the right to achieve professional
mandates or what is asked for the social worker to do in order for the social worker to
help the clients, general public and the society and live by its value. A social worker
must respect the clients. Social work responsibilities involves those situations that
concern of its basic functions, professional standards, roles, and adherence to the
local and international code of ethics. Lastly it is accountable to the clients, general
public and the society. A social worker must not only entertain but also accommodate
them by interviewing them and processing other necessary documents that the
clients, general public, and the society submitted to the social workers. And then
social workers will finally assure the positive results in the said transactions.

Code of Ethics of Social Work

The National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics is a set of

values, principles and standards for social workers to adhere to and reference in order
to guide decision making and conduct, because ethical decision making arises
frequently in social work, there are not always easy answers. Any given situation can
have nuances and idiosyncrasies that bring a social worker from black and white to
the grayest of areas. Ideally, a social worker can apply this set of ethics to a situation
in order to make an informed and appropriate decision or judgment, if the primary
goal of a social worker is to help people improve the quality of their lives and meet
their basic human needs, then a social worker’s essential task is personal, social,
political, economic and more. Social workers are advocates for social justice and
change, working on behalf of their clients to improve the environmental forces that
create, contribute to and address quality of life and the National Association of Social
Workers (NASW) defines the mission of the Code of Ethics as being rooted in a set
of core values. The core values are: service, social justice dignity and worth of the
person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. The NASW
uses the core values to build a balance that responds to and aims to improve on the
complexity of the human experience. The code is divided into different sections that
outline the specific responsibilities of a social worker and this includes social
workers’ ethical responsibilities: to clients, to colleagues, in practice settings, as
professionals, to the social work profession and to the broader society. It’s important
for social workers to have the Code of Ethics because the nature of social work can
be very personal and directly plants social workers into the lives of their clients and
at the heart of social work is the idea of responsibility, social workers help their
clients to take responsibility for their own lives and respond to or get out of bad
situations. Though the NASW’s Code of Ethics doesn’t guarantee ethical behavior
from social workers, it does provide a set of guidelines and language that other social
workers, employers, organizations and agencies can use in order to judge a social
worker’s behavior or response to a situation. In this way, the Code of Ethics can be
used in a peer-review process. The Code of Ethics is used by social workers as a
landmark and touchstone of ethical practice. Social workers’ commitment to the code
ideally results in upholding it and performing their duties according to the core
values. Most of the standards explained by the NASW are enforceable guidelines for
professional conduct. However, some are aspirational and can be interpreted in
different ways based on any number of influences. It’s important to have guidelines
spelled out and agreed upon by the social work profession so that every individual
social worker can behave and react accordingly.

IV. Activities
Activity 1
Give at least 5 examples of ethical and unethical practice in social work

Ethical:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Unethical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

V. Assignment
Research about the clientele and audiences in social work
VI. Assessment
Essay
Write an essay regarding the ethical and unethical behavior of a social
worker in relation with their responsibilities, duties and accountabilities.
References:
Dela Cruz, Fernandez, &Valdez. Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Phoenix
Publishing House. Quezon City: 2016
https://www.csc.edu/socialwork/careers/roles/index.csc

Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences Curriculum Guide, pdf