MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”

Department of Applied Linguistics

703

REPORT

Seattle and New-York City

Discipline: History, geography, culture and traditions of English-speaking countries

(Great Britain, USA, Canada and Australia)

Author: S. Medvedovska

Group No. 723l(1)

Supervisor: M. Heletka

Kharkiv «KhAI» 2020

 CONTENT

Introduction________________________________________________________3
1. Seattle overview_________________________________________________4
1.1 History of Seattle____________________________________________5
1.2 What is Seattle famous for?____________________________________9
1.3 Who is Seattle famous for?____________________________________11
1.4 10 interesting facts about Seattle_______________________________13
2. New-York City overview___________________________________________15
2.1 History of New-York_________________________________________16
2.2 What is New-York famous for?_________________________________20
2.3 Who is New-York famous for?__________________________________22
2.4 10 interesting facts about New-York_____________________________26
3. Conclusions____________________________________________________28
4. References ____________________________________________________29

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 Introduction
This report is introducing Seattle and New-York, their past and present life. Here is
some short information on why this two are so interesting to investigate.

Seattle is a bustling place that thrives with industrial, commercial, and cultural activity
around the clock. Its waters teem with great oceangoing ships, its streets with
automobiles, its rail lines with transcontinental freighters and passenger trains, and its
skies with aircraft of every description. Although the city’s image is of a financial and
commercial centre, its people place great value on the arts, literature, sports, and other
cultural activities; it boasts large arenas, multistory bookshops, dozens of museums
and galleries, and countless examples of public art.

New York is the most ethnically diverse, religiously varied, commercially driven,

famously congested, and, in the eyes of many, the most attractive urban centre in the
country. No other city has contributed more images to the collective consciousness of
Americans: Wall Street means finance, Broadway is synonymous with theatre, Fifth
Avenue is automatically paired with shopping, Madison Avenue means
the advertising industry, Greenwich Village connotes bohemian lifestyles, Seventh
Avenue signifies fashion, Tammany Hall defines machine politics, and Harlem evokes
images of the Jazz Age, African American aspirations, and slums. The
word tenement brings to mind both the miseries of urban life and the upward mobility
of striving immigrant masses. Its symbol is the Statue of Liberty, but the metropolis is
itself an icon, the arena in which Emma Lazarus’s “tempest-tost” people of every
nation are transformed into Americans—and if they remain in the city, they become
New Yorkers.

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 1. Seattle overview

Seattle, chief city of the state of Washington, U.S., seat (1853) of King county,
the largest metropolis of the Pacific Northwest, and one of the largest and most
affluent urban centres in the United States. A major port of entry and an air and
sea gateway to Asia and Alaska, Seattle lies alongside Puget Sound, a deep
inland arm of the northern Pacific Ocean, and is at the centre of a conurbation
that is defined roughly by Everett to the north, Bellevue to the east, and Tacoma
to the south. (Fig. 1. Seattle Skyline)

Seattle is a city of distinct neighbourhoods and urban districts that, though close
to one another, change from one street to the next. Some neighbourhoods,
notably those near the Duwamish Waterway to southwest of the city centre, are
industrial in character, marked by rail yards, wharves, cranes, and low-income
housing projects. Others, largely outside the city centre, are showcases for the
opulence wrought by Seattle’s booming high-technology sector.

Seattle is proud of its arts and cultural institutions, the many live theaters, and
the downtown art museum. It is proud of its parks, of its professional and
collegiate sports, of Pioneer Square and the Pike Place Market, and, above all,
of the beauty of its surroundings. Seattle is also a city of parades, not always
respectful of its own brief heritage, not as radical as its legend would have it; a
city of homes that has many who are homeless, a city that wants great growth
but demands that somehow the setting remain untouched.

Fig. 1. Seattle Skyline

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 1.1 History of Seattle
Seattle lies on a narrow strip of land between the salt waters of Puget Sound and
the fresh waters of Lake Washington. Beyond the waters lie two rugged
mountain ranges, the Olympics to the west and the Cascades to the east. It is a
city built on hills and around water, in a mild marine climate that encourages
prolific vegetation and abundant natural resources.

White settlers came to the Seattle area in 1851, establishing a townsite they first
called New York, and then, adding a word from the Chinook jargon meaning "by-
and-by," New York-Alki. They soon moved a short distance across Elliott Bay to
what is now the historic Pioneer Square district, where a protected deep-water
harbor was available. This village was soon named Seattle, honoring a
Duwamish Indian leader named Sealth who had befriended the settlers.

The new town's principal economic support was Henry Yesler's lumber mill at the
foot of Mill Street (now Yesler Way), built in 1853. Much of the mill's production
went to the booming city of San Francisco, but the mill also supplied the fledgling
towns throughout the Puget Sound region. A brief Indian "war" in the winter of
1856 interrupted the town's development, but when the Territorial legislature
incorporated Seattle in 1869, there were more than 2,000 residents.

The 1870s were fairly quiet, despite the discovery of coal near Lake Washington,
and the consequent growth of another extractive industry whose product also
found its way to San Francisco. In the early 1870s the Northern Pacific Railway
Company announced that its transcontinental railroad western terminus would be
at Tacoma, some forty miles south of Seattle. Despite local leaders'
disappointment, Seattle managed to force a connection with Northern Pacific
shortly after its completion in 1883, and the town's population soared in the late
1880s. Lumber and coal were the primary industries, but the growth of fishing,
wholesale trade, shipbuilding, and shipping also contributed to the town's
economic expansion and population growth. One estimate is that in the first half
of 1889, Seattle was gaining 1,000 new residents per month; in March alone,
there were 500 buildings under construction, most of them built of wood. The
explosive growth was slowed but not stopped by a devastating fire on June 6,
1889, which leveled the buildings on 116 acres in the heart of the city's business
district. No one died in the fire, but the property damage ran into millions of
dollars.

Enthusiasm for Seattle was little dampened by the fire. In fact, it provided the
opportunity for extensive municipal improvements, including widened and
regraded streets, a professional fire department, reconstructed wharves, and

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municipal water works. New construction in the burned district was required to be
of brick or steel, and it was by choice on a grander and more imposing scale.

The 1890s were not so prosperous, despite the arrival of another

transcontinental railroad, the Great Northern, in 1893. A nationwide business
depression did not spare Seattle, but the 1897 discovery of gold along and near
the Klondike River in Canada's Yukon Territory and in Alaska once again made
Seattle an instant boom town. The city exploited its nearness to the Klondike and
its already established shipping lines to become the premier outfitting point for
prospectors. The link became so strong that Alaska was long considered to be
the personal property of Seattle and Seattleites.

During the early 1900s, Seattle, now having discovered the rewards of
advertising, continued to experience strong growth. Two more transcontinental
railroads, the Union Pacific and Milwaukee Road systems, reached Seattle and
reinforced the city's position as a trade and shipping center, particularly with Asia
and the North Pacific.

The city's population became increasingly diversified. Scandinavians came to

work in fishing and lumbering, African Americans to work as railroad porters and
waiters, and Japanese to operate truck gardens and hotels. There were
significant communities of Italians, Chinese, Jews, and Filipinos. The
International District, home to several Asian ethnic groups, was largely
developed during this period.

With its population now approaching 240,000, Seattle announced its

achievements by sponsoring an international fair in 1909. The Alaska-Yukon-
Pacific Exposition celebrated the economic and cultural links Seattle had forged
along what is now known as the North Pacific Rim. The forty-two story L.C. Smith
building was completed in 1914. For more than four decades it was the tallest
building in the American west and a symbol of Seattle's booster spirit and
metropolitan aspirations.

World War I transformed the city's shipbuilding industry, which turned out 20
percent of the nation's wartime ship tonnage. The war also brought Seattle
national attention when, early in 1919, workers struck the shipyards to maintain
their high wartime wages. This event soon led to the Seattle general strike of
February 6-10, the longest such strike in American history. The strike lacked a
cogent objective, but its success fueled postwar American fears about radicals
and socialists. Along with the city's early ventures into municipal transit service
and public electrical power, the general strike helped establish Seattle's
reputation as a hotbed of political radicalism.

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Seattle also had a reputation for a boom-and-bust economy, and the twenties
brought depressed conditions in shipbuilding and the lumber trade. The
Depression of the 1930s hit Seattle particularly hard, and a "Hooverville" of
shacks and lean-tos housing nearly 1,000 unemployed men grew up at an
abandoned shipbuilding yard south of Pioneer Square. World War II sparked an
economic rebound as shipyards flourished again. The Boeing Company, a
modestly successful airplane manufacturer founded in 1916, increased its
workforce more than 1,200 percent and its sales from $10 million to $600 million
annually during the war years. The war's end, however, brought an economic
slump to the area that persisted until the middle 1950s. (Fig. 2. Seattle 1930's
from lower Queen Anne Hill)

Fig. 2. Seattle 1930's from lower Queen Anne Hill

When Boeing successfully introduced the 707 commercial jet airliner in the late
1950s, it heralded another burst of municipal optimism. In 1962 Seattle
sponsored a full-fledged world's fair, the futuristic Century 21 Exposition. The fair
left the city a permanent legacy in the Seattle Center and its complex of
performance, sports, and entertainment halls, as well as the Pacific Science
Center, the Monorail, and the Space Needle.

Since Century 21, the city population has remained fairly stable around the half-
million mark, while suburban areas have grown explosively. The Boeing

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Company suffered a slump in the early 1970s that severely depressed the local
economy. The region's economy has subsequently been steadied and
diversified. Weyerhaeuser and Boeing have been a part of that development,
along with such high-technology firms as Microsoft and Amazon. The political
strength of Washington Senators Warren G. Magnuson and Henry Jackson in
the postwar decades greatly contributed to growth at such research institutions
as the University of Washington, and in defense related activities. Seattle has
also enjoyed an expanded air and sea trade with Asia, Alaska, and the North
Pacific.

Seattle has always exhibited a spirit of optimism, enterprise, and self-promotion.

At one time this was institutionalized as "the Seattle Spirit," a movement that
enabled the city literally to move mountains by washing down high hills to
improve building sites, to connect Lake Washington and Puget Sound with locks
and a canal, and to build the world's largest man-made island at the mouth of the
Duwamish River. More recently, this spirit can be credited with accomplishments
like the Forward Thrust program of the 1970s, which built the Kingdome arena
and numerous parks throughout the city, including Freeway Park that spans the
I-5 freeway with waterfalls and hanging gardens. (Fig. 3. Modern Seattle)

Fig. 3. Modern Seattle

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 1.2 What is Seattle famous for?

1. Coffee Culture
Seattle does coffee like few other cities.
Even today, the first Starbucks located directly across from Pike Place Market
can be visited for a taste of Seattle’s long-standing coffee culture.
Seattle, while being famous for its rain, mountains, and beards, is also well
known for its coffee culture and abundant coffee snobs.

2. Seattle Parks & Beaches

An often overlooked gem of the Emerald City, Seattle is full of great parks and
beaches, and during the summer months, you better believe Seattleites take
advantage of it.

3. Mountains and Nature

Most of the country can only stand in awe of the mountains and nature in and
around Seattle. Green spaces and parks are located all around the city.
Discovery Park alone offers 534 acres of forests, beaches and meadows.
Snowcapped Mt. Rainier is visible on the horizon. Because of the plethora of
evergreen trees, the entire area stays green all year round.

4. Beecher’s Handmade Cheese

Another kind of food that Seattle is known for is handmade cheese from
Beecher’s. Beecher’s focuses on buying fresh milk from local farms and
turning that into handcrafted cheese free from preservatives or additives.

5. Craft Beer
Want to live in a city that is famous for its craft beer? Then Seattle is the place
for you! This city is well known for its craft beer made by independent brewers
and is the ideal location for anyone fond of small-batch breweries.

6. Seafood
Due to its nearness to the Puget Sound, seafood is a regional dish throughout
Seattle. One of the main kinds of seafood Seattle is known for is clam
chowder.

7. Chocolate
Seattle can brag of being home to more than one famous chocolate company.
Fran’s Chocolates, founded in Seattle in 1982, is famously known for making
salted caramels that became a favorite treat of former President Obama.

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 Seattle is also known for being home to Theo Chocolate. Theo Chocolate is
made from sustainably sourced, organic ingredients. The company is proudly
fair trade with its only store in Seattle.

8. Space Needle
This is an observation tower in Seattle, Washington, a landmark of the Pacific
Northwest, and an icon of Seattle. This streamlined, modern-before-its-time
tower built for the 1962 World’s Fair has been the city’s defining symbol for
over 50 years. Once the tallest structure west of the Mississippi River, it is 184
meters high, 42 meters wide, and weighs 8,660 tonnes.

9. Fremont Troll
The Troll Under The Bridge, as Fremont Troll is called, was sculpted by four
local artists in 1990. This well-known Seattle attraction was actually created
as an effort to rehabilitate the area under the bridge as it had become very
unkept.

10. TV Shows & Movies

From Grey’s Anatomy, Fraiser, Sleepless In Seattle and more, Seattle is
famous for being the setting in numerous TV shows and movie hits over the
past few decades.

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 1.3 Who is Seattle famous for?
Many famous people are from Seattle, Washington. Award-winning actors,
rappers, philanthropists and chefs are just a few examples of the many different
types of famous people that refer to Seattle as their home. Here are some
examples of people, who has made and are making Seattle an outstanding city.

Alice Ball (24.07.1892 - 31.12 1916) – an African American chemist who

developed the first successful treatment for those suffering from Hansen’s
disease (leprosy). Ball was also the very first African American and the first
woman to graduate with a M.S. from the College of Hawaii (now known as the
University of Hawaii).

George Stigler (17.01.1911 - 1.12.1991) – economist whose incisive and

unorthodox studies of marketplace behaviour and the effects of
government regulation won him the 1982 Nobel Prize for Economics. He was a
key leader of the Chicago School of Economics as well.

Robert Kraft (16.07.1927 - 26.05.2015) – an astronomer, who performed

pioneering work on Cepheid variables, stellar rotation, novae, and
the chemical evolution of the Milky Way. His name is also associated with
the Kraft break: the abrupt change in the average rotation rate of main sequence
stars around spectral type F8.

John Cramer (24.10.1934) – a Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University

of Washington in Seattle, Washington. He has been an active participant with the
STAR (Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC) Experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the particle accelerator
at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

Linda Buck (29.01.1947) – a biologist best known for her work on the olfactory
system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along
with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. She is currently on the
faculty of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle.

Bill Gates (28.10.1955) – an American business magnate, software developer,

investor, and philanthropist. He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft
Corporation. He is one of the best-known entrepreneurs and pioneers of
the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.

Albert Greenberg (18.09.1968) – an American software engineer and computer

scientist who is notable for his contributions to the design of operating carrier and
datacenter networks as well as to advances in computer networking and cloud
computing. His research focuses on the infrastructure of cloud services,
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management of enterprise networks, data center networks, and systems
monitoring.

Emily Bender (10.10.1973) – a linguist who works on multilingual grammar

engineering. She has constructed the LinGO Grammar Matrix, an open-source
starter kit for the development of broad-coverage precision HPSG grammars. In
2013 she published Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing:
100 Essentials from Morphology and Syntax, which explains basic linguistic
principles in a way that makes them accessible to NLP practitioners.

Jeffrey Dean Morgan (22.04.1966) – an actor, gained wide recognition for his
roles on the television series The Walking Dead, Supernatural, and Grey's
Anatomy. He also played the role of The Comedian in the 2009 film Watchmen. 

Tati Westbrook (14.02.1982) – a Hollywood makeup artist and stylist who posts
beauty hauls, tips, tutorials, and reviews to her channel. Westbroock is best
known for her Tati YouTube channel, which has earned over 9 million
subscribers.

Rosanna Pansino (08.071985) – a creator of the hit YouTube baking show

Nerdy Nummies who signed with Kin Community, one of the top multi-channel
networks for women on YouTube. Her self-titled YouTube channel has earned
over 12 million subscribers. She is also star on the YouTube series Broken
Quest.

Stevin John (27.05.1988) – the mind behind the children's educational YouTube
channel Blippi. His embodiment of the character under the same name has
earned him more than 8 million subscribers; he has become known for teaching
kids everything from the alphabet to nursery rhymes. 

Dejounte Murray (19.09.1996) – an one-and-done guard who was selected 29th

overall in the 2016 NBA Draft by the San Antonio Spurs after his lone season at
the University of Washington. He averaged 16 points, 4.5 assists, and 6
rebounds and was named second-team All-Pac 12 at Washington.

Madelaine Petsch (18.08.1994) – an actress rocketed to fame in 2016 after she

was cast in Riverdale. She also starred in the fantasy film The Curse of Sleeping
Beauty. She then served as both executive producer and star of the horror
film Clare at 16.

Lil Mosey (25.01.2002) – a hip-hop recording artist who rose to fame for hit
singles such as "Bluebarry Faygo" (over 36 million views) and "Noticed" (over
180 million views) He has been signed to Interscope Records. 

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 1.4 10 interesting facts about Seattle

1. Seattle was the first American city to have a female mayor. Bertha Knight
Landes held the office from 1926 to 1928, and was notable for taking a hard
line against corruption (she fired the chief of police, for starters). The city
hasn’t had another female mayor since.

2. The iconic Pike Place Market started because of overpriced onions. Between
1906 and 1907, the price of produce, and onions in particular, skyrocketed,
and consumers as well as civic leaders believed price-gouging wholesalers
were to blame. So the city proposed a public market where customers could
buy directly from farmers.

3. It has the second most glass-blowing studios of any city in the world, behind
Murano, Italy. There is also a famous Chihuly Garden and Glass Museum
located in the heart of Seattle. Through the exhibition’s eight interior galleries,
lush outdoor garden and centerpiece Glasshouse visitors will experience a
comprehensive look at Dale Chihuly's most significant series of work.

4. Seattle City Light – a public-owned utility which powers 90 percent of Seattle

via hydroelectricity – has a zero carbon footprint. The entire city has pledged
to go carbon neutral by 2050.

5. Seattle Center, along with its iconic Space Needle were built for the 1962
World’s Fair but have since been turned into an entertainment complex and
park area with theaters, sports facilities, and restaurants.

6. The city well known as the incubator for rock bands like Nirvana and
Soundgarden, but it’s also where Kenny G. and Sir Mix-A-Lot got their starts,
as well as Macklemore, Heart and Kenny Loggins.

7. A big hipster trend currently on display there: pinball. There’s a museum,

league play, and numerous bars stuffed with machines.

8. Seattle was the first city to have police on bicycles.

9. The Boeing Company, founded in the Seattle area by William Boeing, was
originally a boat company. Mr. Boeing was fascinated with flying and
airplanes.

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10. The Museum of Pop Culture is a nonprofit museum dedicated to
contemporary popular culture. It was founded by Microsoft co-founder Paul
Allen in 2000 as the Experience Music Project. It is home to exhibits,
interactive activity stations, sound sculpture, and various educational
resources.

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 2. New-York City overview

New York City, officially the City of New York, historically New Amsterdam, the

Mayor, Alderman, and Commonality of the City of New York, and New
Orange, byname the Big Apple, city and port located at the mouth of the Hudson
River, southeastern New York state, northeastern U.S. It is the largest and most
influential American metropolis, encompassing Manhattan and Staten islands,
the western sections of Long Island, and a small portion of the New York state
mainland to the north of Manhattan. New York City is in reality a collection of
many neighbourhoods scattered among the city’s five boroughs –
Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island – each exhibiting its
own lifestyle. Moving from one city neighbourhood to the next may be like
passing from one country to another. New York is the most populous and the
most international city in the country. Its urban area extends into adjoining parts
of New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Located where the Hudson
and East rivers empty into one of the world’s premier harbours, New York is both
the gateway to the North American continent and its preferred exit to the oceans
of the globe. (Fig. 4. New-York City Skyline)

Fig. 4. New-York City Skyline

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 2.1 History of New-York City

The first native New Yorkers were the Lenape, an Algonquin people who hunted,
fished and farmed in the area between the Delaware and Hudson rivers.
Europeans began to explore the region at the beginning of the 16th century–
among the first was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian who sailed up and down
the Atlantic coast in search of a route to Asia–but none settled there until 1624.
That year, the Dutch West India Company sent some 30 families to live and work
in a tiny settlement on “Nutten Island” (today’s Governors Island) that they called
New Amsterdam. In 1626, the settlement’s governor general, Peter Minuit,
purchased the much larger Manhattan Island from the natives for 60 guilders in
trade goods such as tools, farming equipment, cloth and wampum (shell beads).
Fewer than 300 people lived in New Amsterdam when the settlement moved to
Manhattan. But it grew quickly, and in 1760 the city (now called New York City;
population 18,000) surpassed Boston to become the second-largest city in the
American colonies. Fifty years later, with a population 202,589, it became the
largest city in the Western hemisphere. Today, more than 8 million people live in
the city’s five boroughs.

In 1664, the British seized New Amsterdam from the Dutch and gave it a new
name: New York City. For the next century, the population of New York City grew
larger and more diverse: It included immigrants from the Netherlands, England,
France and Germany; indentured servants; and African slaves.

During the 1760s and 1770s, the city was a center of anti-British activity–for
instance, after the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765, New
Yorkers closed their businesses in protest and burned the royal governor in
effigy. However, the city was also strategically important, and the British tried to
seize it almost as soon as the Revolutionary War began. In August 1776, despite
the best efforts of George Washington’s Continental Army in Brooklyn and
Harlem Heights, New York City fell to the British. It served as a British military
base until 1783.

The city recovered quickly from the war, and by 1810 it was one of the nation’s
most important ports. It played a particularly significant role in the cotton
economy: Southern planters sent their crop to the East River docks, where it was
shipped to the mills of Manchester and other English industrial cities. Then,
textile manufacturers shipped their finished goods back to New York.
But there was no easy way to carry goods back and forth from the growing
agricultural hinterlands to the north and west until 1817, when work began on a
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363-mile canal from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. The Erie Canal was
completed in 1825. At last, New York City was the trading capital of the nation.
As the city grew, it made other infrastructural improvements. In 1811, the
“Commissioner’s Plan” established an orderly grid of streets and avenues for the
undeveloped parts of Manhattan north of Houston Street. In 1837, construction
began on the Croton Aqueduct, which provided clean water for the city’s growing
population. Eight years after that, the city established its first municipal agency:
the New York City Police Department.

Meanwhile, increasing number of immigrants, first from Germany and Ireland

during the 1840s and 50s and then from Southern and Eastern Europe, changed
the face of the city. They settled in distinct ethnic neighborhoods, started
businesses, joined trade unions and political organizations and built churches
and social clubs. For example, the predominantly Irish-American Democratic club
known as Tammany Hall became the city’s most powerful political machine by
trading favors such as jobs, services and other kinds of aid for votes.

At the turn of the 20th century, New York City became the city we know today. In
1895, residents of Queens, the Bronx, Staten Island and Brooklyn–all
independent cities at that time–voted to “consolidate” with Manhattan to form a
five-borough “Greater New York.” As a result, on December 31, 1897, New York
City had an area of 60 square miles and a population of a little more than 2
million people; on January 1, 1898, when the consolidation plan took effect, New
York City had an area of 360 square miles and a population of about 3,350,000
people. (Fig. 5. New-Yokr Skyline in 1930s)

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 Fig. 5. New-Yokr Skyline in 1930s

The 20th century was an era of great struggle for American cities, and New York
was no exception. The construction of interstate highways and suburbs
after World War II encouraged affluent people to leave the city, which combined
with deindustrialization and other economic changes to lower the tax base and
diminish public services. This, in turn, led to more out-migration and “white flight.”
However, the Hart-Cellar Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 made it
possible for immigrants from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America to
come to the United States. Many of these newcomers settled in New York City,
revitalizing many neighborhoods.

On September 11, 2001, New York City suffered the deadliest terrorist attack in
the history of the United States when a group of terrorists crashed two hijacked
jets into the city’s tallest buildings: the twin towers of the World Trade Center.
The buildings were destroyed and nearly 3,000 people were killed. In the wake of
the disaster, the city remained a major financial capital and tourist magnet, with
over 40 million tourists visiting the city each year.
New York’s economy was recovering slowly when another major disaster struck
the city, this time a natural one. On the night of October 29, 2012, Hurricane
Sandy slammed directly into the Greater New York region, with high winds and
an unprecedentedly high storm surge that inundated low-lying areas, flooded
subway and road tunnels in and around Lower Manhattan, precipitated
widespread power outages and property damage, and sparked a massive fire in
Queens that burned down more than 100 houses. Several dozen people were

18
killed citywide, notably on Staten Island, which was particularly hard hit by the
storm.

Today, more than 8 million New Yorkers live in the five boroughs–more than one-
third of whom were born outside the United States. Thanks to the city’s diversity
and vibrant intellectual life, it remains the cultural capital of the United States.
(Fig. 6. Modern New-York City)

Fig. 6. Modern New-York City

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 2.2 What is New-York City famous for?

1. Statue of Liberty
It was Built around 1886 and by then it remained a popular world figure of
independence and one of the considerable American icons. The statue was a
present from France. It has become one of the most iconic emblems of
freedom of the United States of America. The authorized name of the statue is
“Liberty Enlightening the World”.

2. Best Museums and galleries in New York

The museums and galleries in New York are some of the most powerful
attractions that draw people’s attention to themselves. The city’s art and
culture scene are exceptional. Some of the popular museums and art galleries
are The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of Natural History
and the Whitney Museum of American Art house that offers endless
collections and arranges astonishing exhibitions. This beautiful city is a
cultural capital of the USA and houses famous museums and is among New
York specialties, illustrating an inconceivable spectrum of presentation.

3. Iconic dishes
The culinary of New York City composed of various cuisines familiar to
different cultural groups that have invaded the United States through the city.
So if you want a taste of classic New York and the food items that framed the
current trend in the dining scene you will definitely get the variety of food
items.

4. Central Park
Central Park is full of alluring things, from greenfield to spread out waters,
gardens and exclusive bridges, music and performance centers, educational
means, ancient structures. Central Park has something for everyone, no
matter what your age is or what your interests are or in which of the time of
the year you choose to visit the central park.

5. Broadway Theater
Broadway theater district has brought enchanting hit musicals and typical
contemporary dramas to their guests. The brilliant lights of the Great White
Way appeal to millions of theatergoers. This is the spot to see the most recent
shows and long-running classic shows.

6. Chinese New Year

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 New York City’s festivals and events draw attention to ample numbers of
people all year round. For Lunar New Year which is popularly known as the
Chinese new year, the city is going all out with the events and dinners
providing classic dancing and performances. Chinese New Year is celebrated
every year to lift everyone up with bursting crackers, amazing lion dances,
and appetizing food. Along with the pyrotechnics, there are lion dances and
decorations, craft vendors and food booths

7. Empire State Building

The Empire State Building is more than an astonishing view. It’s a
mesmerizing experience inside a world-popular landmark. It is 381-meter-tall,
and this 102-story building was the tallest in the world till the time the World
Trade Center tower rose higher. It took only one year and 45 days to build the
Empire State Building and more than seven million man-hours. The Empire
State Building is an American artistic symbol and has been featured in more
than 300 TV shows and movies.

8. Best Sports city

They have well-skilled teams in every game, along with some of the most
popular arenas and stadiums. Even if a person is living in small apartments
with a busy lifestyle, he will definitely spend his relaxation time playing sports
and attending games. Almost all of the popular sports have their national
headquarters within this city.

9. Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Bridge a must-visit place. A suspension bridge stretching over the
East River from Brooklyn to Manhattan in New York City. It has been labeled
as a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. National Park Service. The
Brooklyn Bridge was made around 1869 in the face of extremely high
difficulties. The bridge was firstly known as the New York and Brooklyn
Bridge, and after some time it named the East River Bridge and at last it was
named Brooklyn bridge.

10. Times Square

Stuffed with giant, brightly lit billboards and screens, Times Square is a must
place and reasons that make Newyork very popular. It is the best place to go
in the evening but still appealing at any time of day. Beaming neon lights and
huge digital billboards. Dazzling Broadway marquees. Times Square is
anytime huge, bright and memorable. It is quite a busy place and endlessly
crowded but has its own rare appeal.
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 2.3 Who is New-York City famous for?

There are plenty of talented people born in NYC who contributed and are still
doing this in various spheres. From great scientific achivements to glorifying
the U.S.A. via art. Here are some examples of people, who has made and are
making New-York an outstanding city.

J. Robert Oppenheimer (22.02.1904 - 18.02.1967) – the scientific director of

the Manhattan Project, the top-secret World War II program which developed
the world’s first atomic bomb. Oppenheimer was an unusual personality:
intensely brainy and ambitious and yet distinctly philosophical, with a facility
for languages and an interest in Eastern religions and philosophy.

Vince Lombardi (11.06.1913 - 3.09.1970) – a coach, and executive in

the National Football League (NFL). He is best known as the head coach of
the Green Bay Packers during the 1960s, where he led the team to three
straight and five total NFL Championships in seven years, in addition to
winning the first two Super Bowls at the conclusion of the 1966 and 1967
NFL seasons.

Stan Lee (28.12.1922 - 12.11.2018) – a comic book writer, editor, publisher,

and producer. He rose through the ranks of a family-run business to
become Marvel Comics' primary creative leader for two decades, leading its
expansion from a small division of a publishing house to
a multimedia corporation that dominated the comics industry.

Jonas Salk (28.10.1924 - 23.06.1995) – a medical hero, developed a vaccine

that helped conquer polio in 1955. He began a program of experimental
vaccines on humans in 1952, and by 1954 the vaccine was being prepared in
quantity. A tireless champion of public health education and vaccinations,
Salk became the director of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in 1963.

Shirley Chisholm (30.11.1924 - 1.01.2005) – a politician, educator, and

author. In 1968, she became the first black woman elected to the United
States Congress, and she represented New York's 12th congressional
district for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In the 1972 United States
presidential election, she became the first black candidate for a major party's
nomination for President of the United States, and the first woman to run for
the Democratic Party's presidential nomination, as well as the first woman to
appear in a United States presidential debate.
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Eugene Garfield (16.09.1925) – the founder of the Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI) and a pioneer in the field of citation analysis. In 1986 Garfield
launched The Scientist, a magazine for science researchers. His Essays of an
Information Scientist (1977) collects columns published as Current
Comments between 1962 and 1976, and is considered a classic in the field of
information science.

Woody Allen (1.12.1935) – a director, writer, actor, and comedian whose

career spans more than six decades and multiple Academy Award-winning
movies. He has received the most nominations for the Academy Award for
Best Original Screenplay, with 16. He has won one Academy Award for Best
Director, and three for Best Original Screenplay. He also garnered nine British
Academy Film Awards. In 1997, Allen was awarded the BAFTA Fellowship by
the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. In 2014 he received
the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement and
a Tony Award nomination for Best Book of a Musical for Bullets over
Broadway. The Writers Guild of America named his screenplay for Annie
Hall first on its list of the "101 Funniest Screenplays".
Alfred Portale (5.07.1954) – achef, author, and restaurateur known as a
pioneer in the New American cuisine movement. In addition to his work in the
kitchen, Chef Portale is actively involved in various charities dedicated to
providing food for the needy and is a member of City Harvest Food
Council. Portale has written three cookbooks as well.

Jon Stewart (28.11.1962) – a comedian, producer, writer, actor, director,

media critic, political commentator as well as a former television host. He is
best known for hosting (1999–2015) the satiric television news program The
Daily Show. Stewart also starred in several prominent American movies and
TV series.

Michael Jordan (17.02.1963) – a former professional basketball player and

the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball
Association (NBA). He played 15 seasons in the NBA, winning six
championships with the Chicago Bulls. His biography on the official NBA
website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball
player of all time."

Robert Downey Jr. (04.04.1965) – an American actor, producer, and singer.

In 2008, Downey was named by Time magazine among the 100 most
23
influential people in the world, and from 2013 to 2015, he was listed
by Forbes as Hollywood's highest-paid actor. His films have grossed over
$14.4 billion worldwide, making him the second highest-grossing box-office
star of all time.

Adam Sandler (09.09.1966) – an actor, comedian and writer. A versatile

personality, he is also a screenwriter, film producer, and musician. Along with
his feature films, which have performed exceptionally well at the box office, he
has also released six comedy albums, two of which were certified double-
platinum. In 1999 he came up with his own film and television production
company named ‘Happy Madison Productions’. He is also well known for his
donations to charitable causes.

Lana Del Rey (21.06.1985) – a singer, songwriter, musician, record producer

and poet. Her music is noted for its stylized cinematic quality; its themes of
tragic romance, glamour, and melancholia; and its references to pop culture,
particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana. Among her awards and
nominations, Del Rey has received 2 Brit Awards, 2 MTV Europe Music
Awards, a Satellite Award and 9 GAFFA Awards, and has been nominated for
6 Grammy Awards[10] and a Golden Globe Award.

Lady Gaga (28.03.1986) – a singer, songwriter and performance artist,

known for her flamboyant costumes, provocative lyrics, and strong vocal
talents. she became the first recording artist in history to have three singles
sell over four million copies each online. Her best known songs include Judas,
Bad Romance and Shallow. She also won a Golden Globe for her role in
American Horror Story and an Oscar nomination for her co-starring role in A
Star Is Born.

Jenna Marbles (15.09.1986) – a YouTube personality, vlogger, comedian,

and actress. As of September 2019, her channel has approximately 3.3 billion
video views and 20 million subscribers, and is the 86th most subscribed
channel on YouTube and the eighth-most-popular channel operated by a
woman. Jena is the first social media star to have a wax figure displayed
at Madame Tussauds Museum in New York City.

Dylan O’Brien (26.08.1991) – an actor best known for his lead roles in
the Maze Runner fiction trilogy and the MTV television series Teen Wolf.

24
O’Brien’s other work includes starring roles in films such as The First Time
and American Assasin. He also has supporting roles in The Internship and
Deepwater Horizon.

Post Malone (04.07.1995) – a rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer

and actor. He has sold over 65 million records in the US. He received
a Diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of
America (RIAA) for "Congratulations". His accolades include three American
Music Awards, a Billboard Music Award, and an MTV Video Music Award.
Additionally, he has received six Grammy Award nominations during his
career.

Timothée Chalamet (27.12.1995) – a movie actor, who received an Academy

Award nomination for his first leading role in the 2017 film Call Me by Your
Name, making him the third-youngest nominee in the category. He then
portrayed a drug-addicted teenager in the drama Beautiful Boy (2018), for
which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting
Role. Chalamet has starred in John Patrick Shanley's autobiographical
play Prodigal Son in 2016, for which he was nominated for a Drama League
Award and won a Lucille Lortel Award.

James Charles (23.05.1999) – a makeup artist ans model who became the
first male ambassador for CoverGirl. He rose to fame for his Instagram
account jamescharles, which has earned more than 17 million followers. At
the 8th Streamy Awards Charles won the award for best channel in the
Beauty category. In 2018, Charles collaborated with Morphe Cosmetics to
release an eyeshadow palette. In January 2019, he was invited
to Birmingham, England, to open the company's second UK store, where over
7,000 fans showed up to see him.

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 2.4 10 interesting facts about New-York

1. New York City served as the capital of the United States from 1785 to
1790.

2. New York is known for being expensive but there’s lots to do for free.
This includes:
- Rides on the Staten Island Ferry
- American Folk Art Museum, Bronx Museum of the Arts
and Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) Museum and
New York Earth Room
- Federal Hall and City Hall
- New York Public Library
- Brooklyn Brewery tours

3. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into

numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west
making it very easy to get around. Buses are handy for getting around
Manhattan, as can the subway, which is also the best mode of
transport to the other boroughs.

4. In New York you can find The Met which is one of the world’s most famous art
museums, and the Guggenheim Museum which is also extremely well-known.
Aside from art, New York is also home to the American Museum of Natural
History which is also extremely famous.

5. New York City has some of the best tap water in the world. fresh, clean water
are delivered to NYC from pristine reservoirs in the Catskill Mountains.

6. There are lots of options in New York once the sun sets. If you like theatre,
you’ve got Broadway. If you want to party, there are bars galore, and one of
the coolest places to go out is in Greenwich Village.

7. Transforming from an industrial wasteland to a jewel box of fabulous green

spaces, the upgraded NYC waterfront has been years in the making, but it
really went into overdrive this year with the opening of three major parks.

8. The East Village is now a mecca for lovers of Chinese cuisine. Sure, the city
has celebrated Far East fare for decades, but the food has never been so
delicious and innovative as it’s now.

26
9. You can catch an incredible free concert pretty much every day of the week.
New York is an expensive place to live, and while concert tickets are no
exception, plenty of amazing shows are totally free. New York City has some
of the world’s most exciting venues for live music.

10. What do you do with an old, decommissioned railway? In New York, you
transform it into the High Line, a sprawling elevated park that’s still the envy of
urban planners everywhere.

27
 3. Conclusions

In the 21st century, Seattle continuing its long-standing reputation as one of the
most livable American cities. The city and its suburbs remained a centre of high
technology, Internet commerce, and the arts. Political activism was
commonplace, resonating with the city’s progressive past, and Seattle was a
leader in such areas as recycling, “green” building, and renewable energy.
Prominent in the political ecology of the Pacific Rim, Seattle attracted talented
people from all over the globe, creating a feeling at once local and international,
tranquil and thriving. Despite Seattle’s enormous growth, it still maintains a high
level of social and public services, excellent schools, and abundant parks and
greenbelts, which have earned it the sobriquet “the Emerald City.” It is
consistently rated one of North America’s most livable cities, and, despite the
vagaries of a highly volatile information-technology economy, its fortunes seem
to be ever on the rise.

For the past two centuries, New York has been the largest and wealthiest
American city. More than half the people and goods that ever entered the United
States came through its port, and that stream of commerce has made change a
constant presence in city life. New York always meant possibility, for it was an
urban centre on its way to something better, a metropolis too busy to
be solicitous of those who stood in the way of progress. New York, while the
most American of all the country’s cities, thus also achieved a reputation as both
foreign and fearsome, a place where turmoil, arrogance, incivility, and cruelty
tested the stamina of everyone who entered it. The city was inhabited by
strangers, but they were, as James Fenimore Cooper explained, “essentially
national in interest, position, pursuits. No one thinks of the place as belonging to
a particular state but to the United States.” Once the capital of both its state and
the country, New York surpassed such status to become a world city in both
commerce and outlook, with the most famous skyline on earth. A city of stark
contrasts and deep contradictions, New York is perhaps the most fitting
representative of a diverse and powerful nation.

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 4. References

1) Seattle overview [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Seattle-Washington

2) History of Seattle [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/seattle-facts/brief-history-of-seattle

3) What is Seattle famous for [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.tripsavvy.com/what-is-seattle-famous-for-2965306
https://onthegomoving.com/what-is-seattle-known-for-food-sights/

4) Who is Seattle famous for [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.biography.com/people
https://www.famousbirthdays.com/city/seattle-wa.html

5) 10 interesting fact about Seattle [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/67858/25-things-you-should-know-about-
seattle
http://justfunfacts.com/interesting-facts-about-seattle/

6) New-York City overview [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.britannica.com/place/New-York-City

7) History of New-York [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.history.com/topics/us-states/new-york-city
https://www.britannica.com/place/New-York-City/Growth-of-the-
metropolis#ref215685

8) What is New-York famous for [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.adequatetravel.com/blog/discover-why-new-york-city-is-famous/
https://www.hostelworld.com/blog/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-new-
york-city/

9) Who is New-York famous for [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.who2.com/
https://www.famousbirthdays.com/birthplace/newyork.html

29
10) 10 interesting facts about New-York [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved
from:
https://www.hostelworld.com/blog/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-new-
york-city/
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/25-free-attractions-new-york-city

11) Conclusions [Electronic Resource]. – Retrieved from:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Seattle-Washington
https://www.britannica.com/place/New-York-City#ref215653

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