For Training Purpose Only DETAILED TRAINING

VAR Part 7 - Aircraft Maintenance Basic Cat A

TRAINING MANUAL

M 15.07

Issue: 01
Rev: 00
Date: 25/04/2014
© VAECO Training Center
Training Manual

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Lufthansa Technical Training
M15 GAS TURBINE ENGINE EJAMF
Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

M15.07#1 EXHAUST
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 ATA DOC Page 1

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

EXHAUST
INTRODUCTION
The exhaust system guides the exhaust gases from the rear of the turbine into
the atmosphere, but the main task of the exhaust system depends on the type
of gas turbine engine.
On a jet engine the main task of the exhaust system is to accelerate the
airflow, which comes from the turbine, to efficiently make thrust.
In the turboprop engine the main task of the exhaust system is to safely guide
the exhaust gases overboard.
The exhaust system only makes a small portion of the total thrust because
most of the gas energy has been absorbed by the turbine for driving the
propeller.
On the APU the exhaust system guides the exhaust gases overboard because
all the gas energy will be absorbed by the turbine.
The APU exhaust system also reduces the noise of the exhaust gases by use
of mufflers in the exhaust duct.
In a jet engine, the exhaust system releases the gases to the atmosphere.
The exhaust gas flow leaves the engine in the necessary direction and with the
optimum velocity to make efficient thrust.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 01|Intro/A/B1 Page 2

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

Figure 1 Gas Turbine Engine Exhausts

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 01|Intro/A/B1 Page 3
Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS

On some jet engines the exhaust system has a tube named the exhaust duct
or tail pipe.
This is a conical tube which is supported at its forward end by the turbine
exhaust case.
The exhaust nozzle at the aft end of the exhaust duct accelerates the exhaust
gases which leave the engine.
The exhaust cone guides the discharge flow and prevents excessive
turbulence of the gases.
The cone also prevents reverse flow of the exhaust gases into the hub of the
turbine rear stage.
As you can see on the photo, long exhaust ducts are only found on older
aircraft where the engines are installed directly under the wing.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 02|System Components/A/B1 Page 4

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

Figure 2 Exhaust System Components

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 02|System Components/A/B1 Page 5
Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

Engine Exhaust System Components cont.

On modern high−bypass turbofan engines the 2 exhaust streams are usually
exhausted separately.
The hot gas flow exhausts via the primary nozzle and the cold fan air exhausts
via the secondary nozzle.
On modern long range aircraft the high−bypass engines sometimes have a
combined exhaust nozzle. This system mixes hot and cold gas flow to reduce
the velocity of the exhaust gases.
The common exhaust nozzle’s advantage is that it reduces the very high
exhaust gas velocities of the hot gas flow by mixing the 2 gas flows. This gives
a higher propulsion efficiency, but the disadvantage of the common exhaust
nozzle is that it increases the weight of the engine.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 03|System Components/A/B1 Page 6

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

Common Exhaust Nozzle

Figure 3 Exhaust Nozzles

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 03|System Components/A/B1 Page 7
Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

Engine Exhaust System Components cont.

Some engines have an additional special exhaust gas mixer.
This mixer improves the mixing of the hot and cold gas flow to get higher
propulsion efficiency.
But, as you would expect, these mixers also add weight to the engine.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 04|System Components/A/B1 Page 8

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

Figure 4 Exhaust Mixer

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 04|System Components/A/B1 Page 9
Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15

EXHAUST NOZZLE
To achieve optimum thrust from a given mass, the exhaust gases must expand
completely in the exhaust nozzle.
This guarantees a laminar vortex−free and axially orientated exhaust gas flow.
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 05|Exhaust Nozzle/A/B1 Page 10

Lufthansa Technical Training
EXHAUST EJAMF
EXHAUST Gas Turbine Engine
MODULE 15
FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY!

Figure 5 Exhaust Nozzle

HAM US/F SwD 01.04.2008 05|Exhaust Nozzle/A/B1 Page 11
EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF CONTENTS
M15.07#1 EXHAUST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
EXHAUST 2
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEM COMPONENTS . . . . . . . 4
EXHAUST NOZZLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Gas Turbine Engine Exhausts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2 Exhaust System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Figure 3 Exhaust Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Figure 4 Exhaust Mixer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Figure 5 Exhaust Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF FIGURES

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EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF FIGURES

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EJAMF M15.07#1 A E

TABLE OF FIGURES

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