AZERBAIJAN REFINERY SDN BHD

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PROCEDURE
AT OIL AND GAS REFINERY

GROUP 1

NAME MATRIC NO
1. AHMAD MUHAIMIN BIN JUNID 143325
2. ALI ALHAJRI 140588
3. MUHAMAD FARID DANIEL BIN SAHIMI 141051
4. MUHAMMAD SYABIL SYAUQI BIN ISHAK 141793
5. NOR ARDILA SYAZALINA BT MOHAMAD KABERI 141200
6. NUR AMIRAH BT ABDUL HALIM 141975
7. NUR EZZATE BT MOHAMAD HATTA 142182
8. NUR SHAHIRA BT CHE ZAHIDI 141466
9. NURHAFIDZAH BT RASLI 143784
10. WAN AMIRUL FUZAIMI BIN WAN ABDUL HAMID 144303
 CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Terms, definition and abbreviations 1
1.2 Purpose 4
1.3 Scope and application 4
1.4 References 5

2.0 HSE Team Roles and Responsibility 6

3.0 Training 8

4.0 Waste Management Overview

4.1 Waste management flowchart 9
4.2 Principles and concept of waste management 10
4.3 Waste record 10
4.4 Emergency procedures 10

5.0 Waste Management Process

5.1 Waste classification (Identification, packaging and labelling,
waste inventory and notification) 11
5.2 Collection of waste 20
5.3 Waste storage 21
5.4 Emergency procedures 27
5.5 Waste transportation 31
5.6 On-site waste minimization and treatment 32
5.7 Waste disposal 37

6.0 Appendices 43
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 TERMS, DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS

1.1.1 Terms and Definitions

Terms Definitions
Label Labelling is the requirement to label the
container containing scheduled wastes
stipulates under the Regulation 10 of the
Environmental Quality Regulation
(Scheduled Wastes) 2005.

Industrial solid waste Any solid waste generated from any

industrial activity.
Non-processed solid waste Waste generated from canteens, food courts
or office.
Packaging Packaging means the wrapping or bottling
of products to make them safe from any
damages during transportation and storage.
Recording Recording refers to the inventory record and
inspection. Inventory record for each
scheduled wastes should be maintained to
indicate the date, type and quantity of
wastes brought into or removed from the
storage site while for inspection of the
stored containers shall be carried out on
weekly basis to avoid any mishap, and be
kept in a log book for reference.
Refinery A building and equipment for refining or
processing something.
Scheduled wastes Any waste falling within the categories of
waste listed in the First Schedule of
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)
Regulations 2005.
Solid wastes Comprise all wastes arising from human
and animal activities that are normally solid
and that are discarded as useless and or
 unwanted.
Storage The holding of scheduled waste for a
temporary period prior to the waste being
transported, treated and disposed. There are
two types of storage:
i) On-site storage - Buildings or areas
occupied to be used for the storage of any
scheduled waste which is produced on those
premises.
ii) Off-site storage - Premises occupied or
used for the storage, collection or transfer of
any scheduled waste which is not produced
on those premises.

Waste Includes any matter prescribed to be

scheduled waste, or any matter whether in a
solid, semi-solid or liquid form, or in the
form of gas or vapour which is emitted,
discharged or deposited in the environment
in such volume, composition or manner as
to cause pollution.
1.1.2 Abbreviations

DOE – Department of Environment Malaysia

HSE - Health and Safety Executive

SW - Scheduled Waste
1.2 PURPOSE

The purpose of this waste management document is to assist and guide all
personnel in the oil and gas refinery on proper management of waste that is
generated. The majority of waste generated had been detected at the Control
Room area, Mess Hall area and Oil and Gas Refinery area. Thus, Health and
Safety Executive have recruited representative on each of the area. This
document has listed the management process involved for each of the
representative to follow.

1.3 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The guideline included in this waste management document are:-

Establishing roles and responsibility of HSE team.

Establishing training requirement for every HSE team and their subordinates.

Describing proper waste management in each waste generation location and in

the whole facility and requirements that need to be followed. Such as-

 Waste Classification,
 Waste Packaging and Labelling,
 Waste Inventory,
 Waste Notification to The DOE,
 Waste Collection,
 Waste Storage,
 Emergency Response Plan,
 Waste Transportation
 Waste Disposal
This document for waste management procedure is applicable not only to the
HSE team but also to the whole employees and occupants in this facility
because safety and health is responsible of every individual.
1.4 REFERENCES

 Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

 Guidelines for Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Scheduled Wastes In

Malaysia.

 Cenviro webpage http://www.cenviro.com/core-business/scheduled-waste-

management/kualiti-alam-sdn-bhd/

 Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Mess hall. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.

Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/mess%20hall

 Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Refinery. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary.

Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/ refinery
2.0 HSE TEAM ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in this oil and gas refinery plant had recruited representatives in each main waste generation location. This is
to assist the HSE team to manage the generation of waste and collection of it in each respective location. The representatives had been given briefing
on the responsibility that they are involved. Below are the responsibility that are listed and appointed for them to conduct:-

ROLE RESPONSIBILITY
 Maintain and monitor the waste generation in the control room.
 Record the waste generated and handover the record to the supervisor weekly.
Control Room Operator
 Any spillage or accident that may harm all personnel, the management required by the Standard Operating Procedure
are responsible to report to the Shift Supervisor or Production Supervisor, and in certain situations, with the statutory
authorities.
 Supervise the activity in the control room and have authority in decision-making in any incidence or problem
happened on the operation controls.
 Sorting and maintaining the reports and records on the personnel performance and problem occurrence.
Control Room  Ensure that the working performance of all personnel and system conditions are in accordance to the regulations and
Supervisor the protocol of waste management.
 Monitor the record and conduct inspection of the waste that been generated.
(Shift Supervisor)  Report to the Waste Management Supervisor and inform collection team to come to the control room and collect the
waste.
 Supervise the activity of the mess workers in the mess hall, from the acquirement of the raw material, cooking and
dining, to the disposal of the messes
 Every shift supervisor has the authority in decision-making if any problem or incidence happened on their locations
 Ensure that the working performance of all workers involved in the production of the mess are in accordance to the
regulations and the protocol of waste management
Mess Supervisor  Act as mess inspector to determine whether messes or wastes produced have defects or contamination and
(Shift Supervisor) implement necessary actions if such scenario happens
 Record and monitor the waste generated
 Report to the Waste Management Supervisor and inform collection team to come to the Mess Hall and collect the
waste.

 Supervise the activity of the refinery operators in the refinery and have authority in decision-making if any incidence
 occurred on the refinery.
 Ensure that the working performance of all workers involved in the crude oil conversion processes are in accordance
Oil Refinery Manager to the regulations and the protocol of waste management.
(Shift Supervisor)  Ensure the critical inventories and equipment are present and updated without no defects or problems.
 Record and monitor the waste generated.
 Report to the Waste Management Supervisor and inform collection team to come to the oil refinery area and collect
the waste.
 Manage and supervise on the activity of the waste management from every department and the transporters on the
waste collection, transportation, storage, and recovery or disposal.
 Main supervisor in ensuring the policy and regulations are strictly followed among the personnel.
Waste Management  Supervise on the safety of the workers when handling the scheduled and non-scheduled wastes, such as clothing and
Supervisor waste procedure implementation.
 The main authority in decision-making and planning in any incident related to waste issues happened and liaise with
(Operation Supervisor) other shift supervisors or managers in the waste management.
 Ensure each waste generation location representative are properly trained in waste management.
 General titles for the individuals or workers that in charge transporting or moving hazardous and non-hazardous
substances and scheduled wastes to Central Storage area and transport to the collection area for the contractor
transporter to pick the wastes. Specification of the duties includes;
Waste Transporter a) Sorting the category of the hazardous and non-hazardous wastes

(Collection Team) b) Ensure the packaging and labelling are present and clear
c) List of safety checklist and consignment provided must be followed strictly
d) Any leakage or accident must be reported to respective supervisors tasked in the location
 Example of the transportation used is forklifts.
3.0 TRAINING
All employees involved in the identification, handling, labelling, transportation,
storage and emergency response team on the spillage or leakage of scheduled waste
should also be trained on the proper management of scheduled wastes as stipulated
under Regulation 15 of the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations
2005.

The employees will be sent to attend a competency training program at the Cenviro
company. The reason is that Kualiti Alam which is under Cenviro has been providing
training and consultation services in various fields including scheduled waste
management. The training is suited to waste handlers because it is designed
specifically for waste generators which involves all the waste management in this
facility and required by our team.

The knowledge obtained there can be shared and introduced to all after sending the
representative there for their competency training which can save expenses in the
future.
4.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW

4.1 WASTE MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART

Establishment and Recruitment of HSE Team for Waste

Management.

Suggestion on the establishment of On-Site Minimization and

Treatment of waste generated.

Establishment of Emergency Procedure

Waste Classification (Identifying type of waste generated)

Labelling and Packaging of waste (according to the type of waste

identified).

Collection of Waste (Collection team will collect the labelled and

packaged waste to the storage facility).

Waste Storage System (Waste storage management according to

waste type).

Waste Transportation within the plant

Waste Diposal
4.2 PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.2.1 Waste Minimization and Treatment

The waste minimization and treatment program suggestion had been

listed in part 5.6 which the program had been advised according to the
type of waste generated be it scheduled wastes or non-scheduled
wastes. The program will be chosen according to their feasibility and
effectiveness. It will take time to properly establish a waste
minimization and treatment program which suits perfectly for this
facility.

4.2.2 Waste Disposal

The waste treatment and disposal had been assigned according to the
type of waste been generated in facility. The table for the process
involved can be viewed at part 6.5. Note that it is the responsibility of
prescribed premise which is CENVIRO to conduct the treatment and
disposal.

4.3 WASTE RECORDS

4.3.1 Waste Consignment Note (WCN) (Scheduled Waste)

It is an information to be provided by waste generator, contractor and

occupier of prescribed premise in accordance with the sixth schedule.
As waste generator, it is only required to complete part 1 of the
schedule in six copies and hand over it to the contractor when the
schedule wastes are delivered to him. The sixth schedule can be viewed
at Appendix A. After the copy are signed waste generator will receive
it and shall be retained as a record for at least 3 years.

4.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Emergency procedures will be conducted according the Emergency Response

Plan that been formulated by the HSE.
5.0 WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
5.1 WASTE CLASSIFICATION

Solid wastes generated from the oil and gas refinery fall under industrial solid
wastes. Industrial solid wastes can be divided into two categories: processed
solid wastes and non-processed solid wastes. Processed solid wastes can be
very specific type and homogenous while non-processed solid wastes must be
non-hazardous or non-scheduled waste. The scheduled wastes generated can
be classified according to first schedule in the Environmental Quality
(Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. The schedule can be viewed at
Appendix B.

5.1.1 Scheduled Waste

Several types of waste generated by the facility in Table X are listed as

scheduled wastes in the First Schedule in Environmental Quality
(Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

5.1.2 Non-Scheduled Waste

Other types of waste generated by the facility in Table Y are

considered as non-scheduled wastes.
 Table X Scheduled wasted generated by the oil and gas refinery

Location Categories Codes of Types of Labelling Type of container

of Scheduled Wastes and packaging
Scheduled Wastes Requirement
Wastes
Refinery SW 1 – SW 109 Wastes
Metal and containing
metal- mercury or
bearing its compound
wastes TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Bunghole drum
Poisonous Toxic Substances
(steel/plastic)
Symbol (skull over
crossbones): black;  No hole, no

Background: white. bulge, and free of

dent and
corrosion.

SW 2 – SW 202 Waste
Wastes catalysts
containing
principally
SOLID:DANGEROUS
inorganic
constituents WHEN WET
 No hole or crack
which may (WASTE)
contain Substances which, if in
metals and contact with water, emit
organic inflammable gases
materials Symbol (flame): black or
white; Background: blue
SW 3 – SW 306 Spent
Wastes hydraulic oil
containing
principally
organic INFLAMMABLE Intermediate bulk
constituents LIQUIDS container
which may (WASTE)  No hole or crack
contain Symbol (flame): black or
metals and white; Background: red
inorganic
materials
SW 308 Oil tanker
sludges

SOLID:
SPONTANEOUSLY
COMBUSTIBLE
(WASTE)
Substance liable to Open top drum with
spontaneous combustion cover and clamp
Symbol (flame): black; (steel/plastic)
Background: upper half  No hole, no
white, lower half red bulge, and free of
dent and
corrosion
SW 4 – SW 424 Spent
Wastes oxidizing
which may agents
contain
either OXIDIZING
Jerrican/carboy
inorganic or SUBSTANCES
 No hole or crack
organic (WASTE)
constituents Symbol (flame over
circle): black;
Background: yellow
 Table Y Non-scheduled wastes generated by the oil and gas refinery
Location Types of waste Labelling Packaging
Control room Waste office supplies

Corrugated box /
carton box
 No tear or hole
Mess hall Food wastes, grease from
cooking and packaging
materials

Flexible
Intermediate Bulk
Containers (FIBCs)/
Jumbo Bag
 Preferably FIBCs
made of high
density poly-
ethylene (HDPE).
  Must be doubled
lining.
 Bags not to be
filled more than
90% for secure
packaging.
Refinery Medical wastes (from on-
site clinic)

INFECTIOUS Containers for

SUBSTANCES clinical waste
(WASTE)  No hole or crack.
Symbol (three
crescents
superimposed on a
circle): black;
Background: white
5.1.3 Waste Inventory

Inventory record for each scheduled wastes should be maintained to

indicate the type, date and quantity of wastes brought into or removed
from the storage site. A copy of the inventory record should also be
made available at the storage area.

The waste generators shall keep an accurate and up-to-date inventory

of scheduled wastes as stipulated under Regulation 11 of the
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. The
inventory copy can be viewed at Appendix C

5.1.4 Waste Notification

It is the responsibility of Waste Management Supervisor as

representative for HSE team and waste generator to notify the
Director General of the new categories and quantities of SW, which
are generated within 30 days from the date it is generated. The form
can be obtained in Appendix D.
5.2 COLLECTION OF WASTE

A system is required to record waste generation and to communicate custody

chain transfers between stakeholders involved in the waste management
process. A reporting program also defines the ultimate disposal of wastes for
notification to government authorities, and offers a proof of due diligence
demonstration in legal jurisdictions where strict liability for waste is applied.

Report may be either in hard copy or electronic format. The reporting system
should keep a step-by-step record of the of waste disposal process and should
also record the amount of the waste as the transition of the chain of custody
takes place.

Collection does not only include the collecting of solid waste and recyclable
materials, but also the transporting of these materials to the place where the
collection vehicle is emptied. This site may be disposed of as waste storage
site.
5.3 WASTE STORAGE

As stated in Regulation 9 in the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)

Regulations 2005, scheduled wastes shall be stored in containers that are
compatible with the scheduled wastes, durable and are able to prevent spillage
or leakage of the scheduled wastes into the environment. For incompatible
scheduled wastes, they shall be stored in separate containers which shall be
placed in separate secondary containment areas. All the containers containing
scheduled wastes shall always be closed during storage except when necessary
to add or remove the wastes. The areas for the storage of the containers shall
be designed, constructed and maintained adequately in accordance with the
guidelines provided by the Director General to prevent any spillage or leakage
into the environment. According to Regulation 9, any person may store
scheduled wastes generated by him for 180 days or less after generation given
that –

i) The quantity of the scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed
20 metric tonnes; and

ii) The Director General may at any time, direct the waste generator to send
any scheduled wastes for treatment, disposal or recovery of material or
product from the scheduled wastes up to such quantity as he deems necessary.

It is also stated that a waste generator may apply to the Director General in
writing to store scheduled wastes weighing more than 20 metric tonnes. If the
Director General is satisfied with the application made, a written approval
either with or without conditions may be granted.

5.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

According to the Guidelines for Packaging, Labelling and Storage of

Scheduled Wastes in Malaysia, all wastes handlers should be provided
with suitable personal protection equipment (PPE) in carrying out their
duties. Some of the example of the most commonly used PPE include
gloves, goggles and face shields. However, it is not restricted to only
the PPE mentioned. There are also other PPE that can be used.
5.3.2 Storage Containers and Labelling

Incompatible scheduled wastes shall be stored in separate containers

and they should be placed in a separate secondary containment area.
Secondary containment area is defined as a liquid-tight barrier that will
contain hazardous materials that are released from the container.

All containers that contain scheduled wastes should always be closed

at all times except when necessary to add or remove the scheduled
wastes.

Filling of wastes into containers should be as nearest as possible to the

point of the waste generation.

If a container is in poor condition or leaking, the spillage should be

contained immediately and prevented from spreading. The scheduled
wastes should be immediately transferred to a new or a good condition
container.

If solvents and other liquid wastes received in bulk are to be stored at

the storage site, an adequate number of storage tanks with an
appropriate piping and pumping system should be installed. Fire
prevention procedures and regulations must be observed.

Special tanks for spent oil and lubricants should be provided and
designed to allow for settling and discharge of water and sludge.

Containers containing scheduled wastes should be placed on pallet and

should be stored as follows:

i) A maximum of 4 drums or 1 bag per standard pallet.

ii) Stacking of pallets without crate storage should not be more than 2
tiers. The stacking with crate storage should not be more than 3
tiers.
iii) In rows two pallets wide.
iv) Drums should be stored vertically and not horizontally for
stability.
 Containers to be transported to other prescribed premises for recovery
or disposal shall be:

i) Robust and capable to withstand transportation by lorry.

ii) All drums or bags must be fastened securely on a good
conditioned pallet.
iii) The drums shall be secured by appropriate plastic wrapping
and/or plastic/steel tape or band.

5.3.3 Storage Area

The selection for the storage area should take into consideration 2
criteria which are on-site storage and off-site storage facility.

For on-site storage:

i. A proper designated area in the waste generator premises, away

from the manufacturing or processing area and area of
employees’ activities.
ii. Storage areas should be located away from any sources of heat
or fire.
iii. The designated area should not be located at areas that has the
potential to be flooded or close to the edge of hills or slopes.
5.3.4 Storage Design

According to the Guidelines for Packaging, Labelling and Storage of

Scheduled Wastes in Malaysia, the storage area for scheduled wastes
should be designed, constructed and maintained adequately in
accordance to the following criteria to prevent any spillage or leakage
into the environment.

The storage area should be designed to provide adequate space to store

all the scheduled wastes generated or managed by the premise. The
design capacity should consider the following:

i. Providing 25% extra storage capacity of the actual maximum

amount of waste generated; and
ii. Storage duration for not more than 180 days or as prescribed by
the DOE.

The floor of the storage area, loading and unloading area must be
covered with concrete or any suitable lining material, free of cracks and
gaps.

The storage place should be sheltered or roofed or covered with

suitable covering materials.

The entire storage area should be surrounded by a concrete dike or

other equivalent structure designed to contain any spillage and the
capacity of the containment should be 110% of the largest container
stored in the area.

There should not be any opening in the dike to prevent leakage of

wastes from the storage area.

The dike area should be graded to a sump.

The storage area should be properly managed to prevent rain or surface

water from entering the area.

Any run-off of surface water should be directed to a proper drainage

system to avoid the water from entering the storage place.
The loading and unloading area should be designed to contain any
spillage.

The storage area for volatile wastes should be equipped with a

ventilation system.

Separate compartments should be provided for different groups of

incompatible wastes. The compatibility of the wastes can be referred to
the 4th schedule, Regulation 2 of the Environmental Quality
(Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

The storage area should be designed to provide an adequate emergency

escape route.

The storage area should be equipped with fire-fighting and other

emergency response equipment as well as a spill kit and comply fully
with the requirements of the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia.

The figure below shows the example of storage area layout for
placement of containers:-

Example of storage area layout

Note:

1: The entire storage area must be fenced-in.

2: The storage place is sheltered or roofed or covered with suitable
covering material and equipped with a ventilation system for volatile
wastes. The floor of the storage is covered with concrete or any suitable
lining material, free of cracks and gaps.
3: Entrance / emergency exit.
4: Separate compartments for different groups of incompatible wastes.
5: The storage area is surrounded by a concrete dyke or other
equivalent structure to contain any spillage.
6: A jumbo bag containing scheduled wastes is placed on a pallet. The
pallet is placed in rows by two pallets wide.
7: 4 drums containing scheduled wastes are placed on a pallet. The
pallet is placed in rows by two pallets wide.
8: Containers should be stored with an ample aisle space between
groups of containers.
9: Perimeter drain.
10: The storage area should be graded to a sump.

Suitable equipment such as forklift should be used to move the

containers. Containers should not be pushed, rolled or dragged.
Containers should be stored with an ample aisle space between groups
of containers to allow for:
i) The free movement of the forklift and other equipment and
machinery.
ii) Emergency fire-fighting purpose.
iii) Emergency escape route.
iv) Ease of inspection of containers for leaks or spillages.
Reactive wastes should be kept away from any moisture.
Smoking should be prohibited in scheduled wastes storage areas and
non-smoking signage should be put up at the storage area.
 5.3.5 Signboards
Every storage area needs to have a warning sign or a signboard to
indicate that the person is entering a possibly hazardous waste storage
area. Each storage area is required to be fenced-in and regarded as a
restricted area. A compulsory signage should be put up clearly and
visible with the word “DANGER” and “SCHEDULED WASTES
STORAGE” at the entrance of all storage place.

5.4 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

5.4.1 Emergency Actions

When emergency spill occurs, a correct procedure needs to be done by

the individual(s) that causes it, the spill need to be prompt and properly
cleaned up. It has become their own duty to have spill control and
personal protective equipment for the type of waste spilled. Some of
the waste may or may not be dangerous for one health but still need be
cautious at all cost.

There are some emergency actions that can be taken when there are
emergency spills occurs, such as alerting the area occupants and the
supervisor and evacuate if needed. Contact Public Safety at 609-258-
333 for medical attention or any fire cases occurs. Contaminated
clothing must be removed immediately and flushed the skin with water
for at least 15 minutes, the contaminated cloth must be laundered
before using it back. Immediately warn the nearest individual(s) to
immediately leave the place and control the ignition sources while
ventilate the area.
5.4.2 Immediate Spill Response

Wear an appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as according

to the type of hazard spilled (Refer to the Materia Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) or other info for references. The use of respiratory protection
is also needed. The use of respirator or self-contained breathing
apparatus requires specialized training and medical surveillance. A
contaminated place can never be entered without the protection or use
it without proper training. Call EHS at x8-5294 or Public Safety at 911
if no trained personnel are available or respiratory protection is needed.

By using the chart below, the type of spill and its extent can be
determined. If it is large and released to the environment and no
knowledgeable individual to handle the situation/spill, Contact EHS at
609-258-5924 from 8.30am-4.30pm. If hazard spills occurs outside of
those hours, contact the Public safety at 609-258-333 and ask for the
EHS help.

Category Size Response Treatment Materials

Small Up to 300mL Chemical Treatment or Absorption using spill
Absorption of Chemical kit or Neutralization
Medium 300mL to 5L Absorption of Chemical Absorption spill kit
Large More than 5L Call the Public Safety Help from the outside
(Use Number Above.)

The floor drains or other means for the release to the environmental
must be protected by putting absorbents around the drains. When the
spilled controls is absorbed, use the brush and scoop to place materials
in appropriate container. Usage of Polyethylene bags may be used for a
small spill. For a larger spill, use of 5 gallons pails or 20 gallons drums
with polyethylene liners may be the proper equipment for handling the
spill.Neutralize the surface where the spill occurs by using a mild
detergent and water when it is more appropriate. Finally report all the
spills to the supervisor or the Principal Investigator.
5.4.3 Handling of Chemical from Scheduled Wastes.
The spill of wastes containing mercury and its compound with the
codes of scheduled waste SW 109 can be cleared by using the
amalgamation or insolubilization methods. Both methods will convert
the mercury into non-vaporizing form. Insolubilization methods
requires the mercury to be mixed with a chemical name sulphide, while
the amalgamation mixes the mercury with one or more metals and
change it into a solid state so that it can be easily collected and
disposed off.

When spill of mercury or its compound occurs, a set of procedure

should be followed to reduce the risk of exposure to the individual and
spread of mercury at the area. The area need to be isolated by
evacuating all personnel until the building is properly cleaned off. Put a
marking to seal off the contaminated area. Immediate interview need to
be done to determine the complexity of the spill. The area also need to
have a proper ventilation system because mercury is easy to vaporize.
It is recommended to turn off the air conditioning and heater.

Once the mercury has been located, the amalgamation technique is

applied by using the magnetic amalgamation powder and put it directly
on the contaminated area. This will causes the surface containing the
mercury to hardened and can be collected by using the magnetic pick-
up tool.

The waste catalysts (SW 202) can be handle by using several methods
such as reclamation of metals, rejuvenation and reuse, disposal in
landfills and also usage of spent catalysts to prepare useful materials to
reduce the waste catalyst spill problem.

For the Spent Hydraulic Oil (SW 306), when spills occur, locate the
original place where the spill occurs and avoid any additional spillage
from occurring during the cleaning process. OS Oil Absorbent Powder
can also be applied on the area contaminated with the hydraulic oil
spill. The surface contaminated with spent hydraulic oil will produce
rubber when swept.
Oil tanker sludges (SW 308) can be handled or disposed by using
several techniques such as combustion, stabilization/solidification of
sludge, oxidation and also biodegradation. Usually combustion
technique is used to completely wipe out the oil sludges from the
contaminated area as it oil is easily burned when exposed to fire,
making it easier for the removal of sludges.

Lastly, the spent oxidizing agents (SW 424) spill can be removed by
using the oxidation cleaning technique. The technique will change the
composition of the oxidizing agents spill. Oxidation is the process
where the electron of an atoms is removed in a chemical reaction. This
will cause the residue to be easily removed.
5.5 WASTE TRANSPORTATION

5.5.1 On-Site

At on-site the forklift is the only transportation used to move the waste
from waste generated location to waste storage area, then from storage
area to collection area that will be handed over to the contractor
transporter. The person that is in charge of transporting or as known as
the collection team will be those who are trained in handling forklift as
stipulated in Factory Machinery Act 1967.

5.5.2 Route of Transport in Facility

For the route of waste transportation, it is necessary to use the route

that is as far as possible from the public area that has a high population
of people to avoid the hazardous material from affecting them. Water
catchment areas also need to be avoided at all cost as water is the
source of most living organism to keep themselves moisturize and stay
hydrated, so it is compulsory to avoid using the routes that has water
sources as it is used every day by all living things. The route layout can
be view at Appendix E.
5.6 ON-SITE WASTE MINIMIZATION AND TREATMENT

5.6.1 Waste Minimization

Firstly, the waste minimization should be planed from waste

management system of every facility, to identify ways that waste can
be prevented from being generated in the first place and to reduce the
amount of waste that is generated where practicable. As well as that
waste should be treated to reduce its potential impact upon disposal
by reducing its intrinsic hazards (e.g. toxicity, corrosiveness,
flammability, etc.). The activity that can lead to the reduction of
wastes and their hazards are generally differentiated and will be
defined as well in waste minimization table

To determine which method of waste management is the most

technically feasible and economically beneficial in comparison to
other methods, an iterative process of information gathering, analysis,
implementation and measurement of results should be completed with
respect to every waste stream that is produced as shown in waste
minimization process. For all facilities, the first step in the
minimization process is to identify significant waste streams with
respect to volumes and cost, and also to identify those that present
significant risk to people, assets and the environment. The process can
be viewed in the figure below:-

Waste minimization process

After a basic understanding of the waste streams has been developed,
the available management options should be identified with input
from a team of people drawn from facility operations, maintenance,
the EHS function and any available waste management contractors, as
appropriate. These options can then be evaluated on the basis of
expected benefits in the reduction of risk to people and the
environment in comparison to their cost and technical feasibility at
the location, taking into account experiences with the options at other
locations.

Finally, after the change in waste management has been in operation

for a period of time, data should be collected to verify the volume and
characteristics of the waste following the change, and to confirm that
the benefits identified prior to the change have been achieved, along
with identification of any unexpected negative aspects of the change.
This information becomes the basis for the next iteration of evaluation
of the waste within the minimization cycle.
5.6.2 Waste Treatment

Which is could be undertaken to decrease the mass or flow rate of the

waste, or improve its characteristics (e.g. reduce its hazardous
properties) or to enable the waste to be recycled or disposed of more
safely, and in some cases to reduce disposal costs. Treatment
requirements for wastes may be defined in national or local laws and
regulations. As well as that can be divided by physical, chemical or
biological processes.

• Physical treatment of refinery wastes

In-line filtering: a process for increasing the solids content of a waste
stream and reducing water content. This can be less effective for
treating oil, which tends to bind to, and clog, the filter material.
Filters should then be wasted. Setting up a filter system that leaves
most of the oil in the filter sludge increases the heat content of the
waste filters, this is an important consideration if incineration is the
ultimate disposal method.

Filter presses: a process typically applied to sludge for dewatering

purposes to reduce waste transportation costs. Separation of liquids
into phases following filtering is often possible once the stabilizing
solids have been removed

Belt filter presses: these are often used for dewatering secondary
effluent treatment sludges that have higher water content and low oil
concentrations. The feed is typically mixed with a flocculant or filter
aid prior to being pumped onto the filter belt.

Centrifuges: decanter centrifuges with a horizontal scroll are typically

used for refinery sludge with oil contents of 10% or greater and solids
content of up to 25%. Having a continuous, well homogenized feed of
sludge is an important operating consideration.
Hydrocyclones: these are useful in the separation of large volumes of
oil and water where space for treatment is limited or the oil quantity is
high. They are also useful in separating catalyst particles from support
material, such as sand or clay.

Drying beds: these are used to remove the last remains of water from
sludge, or for treating a sludge that is not suited to another form of
treatment. Drying beds can be operated at atmospheric conditions, or
have heat applied to them, often in the form of steam coils.

Sludge dryers: these are batch operated drum designs to which heat is
applied and in which the sludge is turned over until it is dry. Vapour
from the drying sludge is also often collected for treatment. Beds
should be designed for easy application and removal of sludge.

• Chemical treatment of refinery wastes

Solidification/chemical fixation: a process for making material

handling easier by transforming it from a fluid or semi-solid state into
a solid state through the addition of material that binds the waste
together or chemically fixes itself to the waste, resulting in a more
easily managed material.

Stabilization: the conversion of waste to a chemically stable form of

material that will resist leaching of contaminants from that material
when it is placed in a landfill. Stabilization is often achieved by the
addition of material which significantly changes the pH of the waste,
followed by mixing to form pellets or a monolith of stabilized waste.

Encapsulation: this process involves the addition of a material that

will coat the waste and bind to itself to completely enclose the waste
within an impermeable layer of the encapsulating material.
• Biological treatment of refinery wastes
Biological treatment of refinery waste uses microbial action to
convert hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water at higher rates
than would otherwise occur naturally. Bioremediation or
biocomposting can be applicable to certain refinery wastes,
particularly oil-impacted soils. The ability to use these techniques will
depend on the content of oil that can be metabolized by bacteria, and
on whether the waste contains concentrations of any other substances
that can poison or slow down the biological reactions. All of the
biological treatment options use naturally occurring soil bacteria to
break down organic wastes under carefully controlled conditions.

This type of biological treatment is fundamentally driven by two

factors: it is completed in the liquid phase (where the bacteria live)
but it is significantly dependent on gas to liquid phase oxygen transfer
rates. Important parameters for successful biological degradation of
waste materials include: oil content; oxygen transfer; moisture
content; pH; temperature; and trace nutrient concentrations.
5.7 WASTE DISPOSAL

Disposal of scheduled wastes are referred under regulation 4 in

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulation 2005.

i. Disposal of Scheduled wastes only at the prescribed premises.

ii. Scheduled waste shall be rendered innocuous, as far as practicable,
before disposal.

The disposal method that is suited for the waste generated in this
facility is shown below in the table Z(i) and Z(ii).
 Table Z (i) Disposal of Scheduled wasted generated by the oil and gas refinery

Type of Categories of Scheduled Codes and types of Description of disposal

disposal Wastes Scheduled Wastes

Incineration SW 1- Metal and metal- Code: SW 109  The Incineration Plant for scheduled waste
bearing wastes Type: Wastes containing is designed to cater to all organic waste
mercury or its that needs thermal treatment in order to
compound achieve optimum destruction efficiency.
 Continuous Emissions Systems (GEMS) is
monitoring the incineration process to
ensure compliance with the requirement of
license issued by the Department of
Environment, Malaysia (DOE).
 Scheduled organic waste that treated here
such are harmful, hazardous, clinical and
SW 2- Wastes containing Code: SW 202
pathological waste which in all forms,
principally inorganic Type: Waste catalysts
solids, sludge and liquids.
constituents which
may contain metals
and organic materials
SW3- Wastes containing Code: SW 306  Rotary furnace
principally organic Type: Spent hydraulic oil  primary combustion chamber with a
constituents which temperature of up to 1000 ° C
may contain metals  secondary combustion chamber operating
and inorganic Code: SW 308 at a temperature of more than 1000 ° C (to
materials Type: Oil tanker sludges ensure the maximum possible destruction
efficiency)
 followed by a heat recovery system and
finally a large multi-stage flue gas
treatment system.

SW 4- Wastes which may Code: SW 424

contain either Type: Spent oxidizing agents
inorganic or organic
constituents
 Type of Categories of Scheduled Wastes
disposal
Stabilization and SW 1- Metal and metal-bearing
solidification wastes
SW 2- Wastes containing
principally inorganic
constituents which may
contain metals and organic
materials
SW 4- Wastes which may contain
either inorganic or organic
constituents
Codes and types of Description of disposal
Scheduled Wastes
Code: SW 109  The aim of stabilization and solidification is to
Type: Wastes containing immobilize the toxic components of hazardous waste in
mercury or its order to prevent them from leaving the waste once it has
compound been disposed of.
Code: SW 202  Solidification technologies are often used to treat
Type: Waste catalysts residues from other treatment processes, such as ash
from incineration or heavy metal precipitation sludge.
 Solidification technologies are effective in the treatment
of a variety of inorganic waste difficult to manage.
Code: SW 424
 Inorganic wastes at solidation plant that are typically
Type: Spent oxidizing
metal hydroxide sludge containing heavy metals that do
agents
not comply with the Direct Landfill Waste Acceptance
Criteria for direct disposal in Secured Landfill are
treated.
 It can be used for waste containing mixtures of
contaminants and can handle large volumes of waste
economically.
 Table Z (ii) Disposal of non-scheduled wastes generated by the oil and gas refinery
Type of Types of waste Description of disposal
disposal
Landfill Waste office supplies  Landfills may exist on-site or off-site.
 Typically, they are classified according to the type of waste they can
accept, such as municipal waste.
 It is typical to use off-site landfills for the final disposal of refinery waste
streams, but in some cases a landfill may be located within the perimeter of
Food wastes, grease from cooking
the refinery, for example, if there are no safe or environmentally friendly
and packaging materials
options elsewhere.
 Landfills are facilities specifically designed and engineered to contain the
waste and prevent migration of the waste or any associated contaminants
into the surrounding soil or groundwater.
 Any water present (leachate) is contained or treated in the landfill prior to
discharge.
 The landfill also accepts biodegradable materials, collection systems for
capture and use of or safe disposal of methane gas produced as the
decomposing material may be present in the landfill.
 Type of disposal Types of waste Description of disposal

Recycle Waste office supplies
Food wastes, grease from cooking
and packaging materials
 Almost 1,450 tons per day of solid waste produced by
more than 350,000 residential, industrial, commercial
and institutional premises every day.
 Waste is collected from domestic waste, bulk waste or
recyclable materials to be disposed of at disposal sites or
from recovery facilities for processing.

Type of disposal Types of waste Description of disposal

Clinical Waste Medical wastes (from on-  There are most innovative technology in medical waste disposal such Kualiti
Treatment site clinic) Alam.
 It is a zero emission technology, no harmful effects, no water, no steam, no
scent, no burning or smoke, and is capable of handling up to 300 kilograms per
hour.
 The residue from the process is inert and landfill ready.
 A specialist in the commercial treatment of medical waste without combustion
using the Microwave Ecosteyl that manufactured by AMB-Ecosteryl.
6.0 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Waste Consignment Note (Waste Generator Part)

Waste Consignment Note (Contractor and Prescribed Premise Part)
APPENDIX B

List of categories of waste in the First Schedule

List of categories of waste in the First Schedule
List of categories of waste in the First Schedule
List of categories of waste in the First Schedule
APPENDIX C

Waste Inventory Form

APPENDIX D

Notification of Scheduled Wastes Form

APPENDIX E

Collection team by forklift layout plan

*Note that the white strip landing is the forklift pathway.