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Sec. 6-8 
2020년 4월 9일 목요일  오후 9:39

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For Hermitian operators, 

 
Then the expectaion value is
real 

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Generalized definition of Hermitian Conjugate,

below 

HW: Proove, later 

Hints: Gasiorowicz or
Baym 

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FT pairs 

or in mathematical terms, 
a distribution 

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FT of plane waves 
is Dirac delta function 

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This operator picks out x

from  
the exponential function 

with repect to p 

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2 2 2
∣ ⃗  ⃗ ∣ ∣ ∣⃗  ∣ ⃗ ∣
similar to   A ∙ B ≤ A B   
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∗
⟨f |g⟩ = ∫ f g 
in dif f erent inner product space

⃗  ⃗ 
⟨A |B⟩ =  A ∙ B

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⟨AB⟩ − ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩ − ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩ + ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩ = ⟨AB⟩ − ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩

⟨AB⟩ − ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ + ∗
z = ∫ ψ(ABψ) = ∫ (ABψ) ψ = ∫ ψ ((AB) ψ) = ∫ ψ (BAψ)

⟨BA⟩ − ⟨A⟩ ⟨B⟩

∂ ∂
[x, p]f (x) = x (−iℏ )f − (−iℏ )xf
∂x ∂x

∂ ∂
= x (−iℏ )f − (−iℏ)f − x (−iℏ )f
∂x ∂x

= iℏf (x)  
∴ [x, p] = iℏ

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HW: Proove 

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takes a long calculation to

show

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