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The combustion chamber (options)

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

F02K9/62 - Combustion or thrust chambers

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

(57) Abstract:

The combustion chamber and its variant relating to missile equipment and in particular to a liquid-propellant rocket engines,
includes a mixing head and a device for suppressing vibrations. In the first variant of the device oscillation suppression perforated
in the form of a hollow thin-walled truncated cone with uniformly spaced radial plates. In the second case, the device oscillation
suppression is made in the form of a liner that is installed close to the fire to the bottom of the mixing head with a perforated area.
In the invention stipulate the size of the execution of thin-walled hollow truncated cone and liner. This embodiment of the
combustion chamber and its variant increases the efficiency of suppression of high-frequency oscillations. 2 c. and 1 C.p. f-
crystals, 6 ill.

The invention relates to rocket technology and can be used in the design of injector heads of rocket engines, as well as in the fields
of engineering, where different kinds of furnaces.

Known structural schema partitions installed on the mixing head combustion chambers to suppress transverse modes of high-
frequency davleniya RF oscillations in the combustion chamber, is their length. The optimal value of the ratio of the length of the
walls to the chamber diameter is in the range of 0.2 - 0.3.

The disadvantage of cooled partitions is that in the combustion chambers of modern engines partitions are most effective length
will fade.

Known head design-nozzle, comprising a housing and a few cooled antipollution partitions [2]. Inside are the channels for the
supply of liquid fuel to the jet nozzles. To the fire wall of the head nozzle attached several partitions that serve to suppress unstable
combustion. In partitions for their cooling holes connected to the channels of the head. The fuel injection into the combustion
chamber through the nozzle head and through the holes in the cooled partitions.

The disadvantage of this mixing head design is the complexity and the inability to use it on already in use production engines, as
the head design with cooled walls laid out in the design stage of the combustion chamber. In addition, as noted in [1], the cooled
partitions, as a rule, clause ensuring uniform distribution of the fuel components in the cross section of the combustion chamber
and can lead to the reduction of engine thrust, and the fuel injection into the combustion chamber through a cooled partition
aggravates the effect of reducing the efficiency of the engine.

Known combustion chamber with a plot of head with some angle extension [3] . This design improves the stability characteristics
as compared with a cylindrical combustion chamber. The disadvantage of this combustion chamber is the complexity of its
production and the inability to use already in use production engines, as creating a virtually new engine with its subsequent
development will entail time and economic costs.

A device for step change in cross-sectional area of the cylindrical combustion chamber made in the form of a cylindrical liner
adjacent to the fire to the bottom of the mixing head and serving to stabilize the workflow [4].

The disadvantage of using a cylindrical liner is that this device is not in all cases can have a positive effect on the stabilization of
the working process in the combustion chamber, as the physics of the impact based on the increase of gas velocity (due to the
diameter reduction of the camera), and vozdejstvovatj fuel and operating modes of the combustion chamber. In addition, the
presence of the cylindrical liner violates the parietal layer, arranged from the head of the combustion chamber for thermal
protection, which may require modification of the cooling system of the camera, and this is undesirable when using the device on
existing engines.

The objective of the proposed invention is the ability to prevent vibration of the combustion, that is, suppression of high-frequency
oscillations in combustion chambers and, consequently, increase the reliability of the engines that are already in serial production
and operation.

The technical result achieved in the invention is the reduction of the amplitude of pressure pulsations in the combustion chamber to
the noise level or to a differential permissible under the terms of the design documentation.

The task in all variants is solved due to the fact that the mixing head is installed oscillation suppression.

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

In the first embodiment, the device oscillation suppression perforated in the form of a hollow thin-walled truncated cone with
uniformly spaced radial plates, passing through the side surface of the cone and primecasino cone, adjacent to fire the bottom
equal to the diameter of a circle passing through the outer border of the nozzles of the nozzle peripheral number, and the opposite
diameter of the truncated cone forms with the inner wall of the combustion chamber gap is not more than 0.4 of the distance from
the wall of the combustion chamber to the outer edge peripheral nozzles number of nozzles or the height of the plates in the radial
direction.

In the second embodiment, the device oscillation suppression is made in the form of a liner of heat-resistant material, the inner
diameter end of the liner adjacent to fire the bottom equal to the diameter of a circle passing through the outer border of the
nozzles of the nozzle peripheral number and outer diameter of the end face and the opposite on the camera axis diameter of the
insert coincides with the inner diameter of the combustion chamber, the length of the liner 2 to 2.5 times the distance from the wall
of the combustion chamber to the outer edge peripheral nozzles number of nozzles. As the heat-resistant material for liner can be
used composite material.

The first variant of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 to 3; the second option - Fig. 4 - 6.

In Fig. 1 shows a cylindrical part and a mixing head of the combustion chamber allowing the lsci pressure in the pilot combustion
chamber, working without suppression of RF oscillations.

In Fig. 3 shows the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the pressure fluctuations in the chamber with the device suppression of HF
oscillation.

In Fig. 4 shows a combustion chamber with a liner of heat-resistant composite material.

In Fig. 5 shows the amplitude of the pulsations of the first tangential vibration modes in the experimental combustion chamber
without liner.

In Fig. 6 shows the amplitude of the pulsations of the first tangential mode in the camera with a liner.

The proposed device for suppression of transverse modes of high-frequency pressure fluctuations is installed in the peripheral wall
surface area on the nozzle head (Fig. 1). The device consists of a perforated thin-walled hollow truncated cone 1 and evenly
spaced radial perforated plates 2, passing through the side surface of the cone 1. Plate 2 abuts against the inner wall of the
combustion chamber 3 and firing the bottom of the mixing head 4. The truncated cone 1 with its end of smaller diameter of 5
adjacent to the shooting plate 4, while the smaller diameter of the truncated cone is equal to the diameter of a circle passing
through the outer graorac of a truncated cone with a larger diameter 7 forms with the inner wall 3 of the combustion chamber
clearance (h3), the size of which does not exceed 0.4 height of the plates 2 in the radial direction (h).

The proposed combustion chamber (Fig. 4) contains the mixing head 1 with the peripheral zone 2, which is limited on one side of
the injector 3, and on the other side of the inner wall 4 of the combustion chamber. The liner 5 is installed close to firing the bottom
6 of the mixing head and the inner wall of the combustion chamber 4. The insert is made of heat-resistant material and mounted so
that the end face of the liner adjacent to the shooting plate, has an internal diameter equal to the diameter of a circle passing
through the outer border of the nozzles 7 of the peripheral nozzles of row 3. The liner has an expanding configuration and output
edge of the liner 8 has a diameter coinciding with the diameter of the inner wall of the combustion chamber 4.

The length of the liner 2 to 2.5 times the distance from the wall of the combustion chamber 4 to the external borders of the nozzles
7 of the peripheral rows of nozzles.

The operation of the device in the first embodiment is as follows.

At high frequency stability of the combustion process in the combustion chamber is greatly influenced by the organization of
working process in the parietal area on the periphery of the nozzle Golovkina wall of the combustion chamber. To protect against
burnout inner wall of the combustion chamber, the nozzle heads are made so that they provide the distribution of components near
the walls (and accordingly in the near-wall recirculation zone), in which the wall creates a zone of low temperature. In this area and
is proposed antipollution the device due to low temperatures may be uncooled. Antipollution partitions located on firing the bottom
are designed to suppress high-frequency transverse modes of oscillation. These fashion are characterized by a tangential or radial
movement of gas along the fire face, with a large part of the energy of the acoustic wave and the maximum velocity of the particles
(especially for the tangential modes of oscillation) focus near the periphery of the combustion chamber. Installation antipollution
device in the peripheral zone of the mixing head will prevent the movement of particles, i.e. the propagation of acoustic waves
transverse mode shapes, creating a loss of acoustic energy due to the formation of vortices and effects of their isolation, as well as
friction from the flow around an oscillating gas perforin is to acoustic energy, generated by the workflow, and eliminate the
phenomenon of RF instability.

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The effectiveness of suppression of high-frequency oscillations by means of the proposed device (Fig. 1) was tested in the Keldysh
research Center at the pilot combustor. Installation was run on the mode in which the combustion chamber without antipollution
device appeared high-frequency oscillations of the first tangential fashion. In Fig. 2 shows the amplitude-frequency spectrum of
such oscillations. Pulsations first tangential fashion with frequency f = 1200 Hz (1 in Fig. 2) reached values of P = 1 kg/cm2that
experiment was about 20% from the stationary pressure in the combustion chamber (variations of the same intensity is observed in
full-scale rocket engine). In the combustion chamber with antipollution device RF oscillations first Tangenziale fashion did not arise.
The mode of operation did not change. As can be seen from the frequency response shown in Fig. 3, oscillation frequency f = 1200
Hz are missing.

The second variant of the device made in the form of a widening of the liner (Fig. 4), resolves the near-wall recirculation zone on
the periphery of the head combustion chamber, making for steady airflow and thereby improves characterisation parietal area small
local changes of the ratio of components significantly affect the rate of decay of the oscillations, because there are antinodes of the
pressure tangential, radial and longitudinal modes of oscillation, significantly affecting the physico-chemical processes of
combustion, and hence on the stability of the combustion chamber. In addition, the surface of the liner, made of a composite
material, has good sound-absorbing properties, which contributes to the energy dissipation of acoustic oscillations in the reflection
from the surface of the liner 5 and, thus, contributes to the stabilization of the combustion process.

The effectiveness of suppression of high-frequency oscillations tangential forms using liner was tested on a special installation in
the Keldysh research Center. When the combustion chamber without liner arose RF oscillations first Tangenziale fashion intensity
PCC= 0,8 - 1 kg/cm2(Fig. 5). When the insert on the same modes the camera worked steadily, the amplitude of the first
Tangenziale fashion decreased 4 times almost to the level of noise (Fig. 6).

Sources of information

1. The combustion instability in liquid-propellant engine / Ed. by D. T. Harrje and F., Ritona. - M.: Mir 1975, S. 542,553.

2 U.S. Patent N 3200589, CL 60-39.46, 1965.

3. The combustion instability in liquid-propellant engine / Under the editorship of musicalnow head device oscillation suppression
characterized in that the device oscillation suppression perforated in the form of a hollow thin-walled truncated cone with uniformly
spaced radial plates, passing through the side surface of the cone and adjacent to the inner wall of the combustion chamber and
fire the bottom of the mixing head, with a smaller diameter of the truncated cone adjacent to fire the bottom equal to the diameter
of a circle passing through the outer border of the nozzles of the nozzle peripheral number, and the opposite diameter of the
truncated cone forms with the inner wall of the combustion chamber gap is not more than 0.4 of the distance from the wall of the
combustion chamber to the outer edge of the peripheral nozzles number of nozzles or the height of the plates in the radial
direction.

2. A combustion chamber containing a mixing head with a peripheral area, a limited number of nozzles and the wall of the
combustion chamber, and an insert mounted close to the fire to the bottom of the mixing head and the wall of the combustion
chamber, characterized in that the insert is made of heat-resistant material, the inner diameter end of the liner adjacent to fire the
bottom equal to the diameter of a circle passing through the outer border of the nozzles nozzles periferica combustion chamber,
the length of the liner 2 to 2.5 times the distance from the wall of the combustion chamber to the outer edge of the peripheral
nozzles number of nozzles.

3. Luggage under item 2, characterized in that heat-resistant material for liner use composite material.

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

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1/6/2020 The combustion chamber (options)

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