END DETAILS USED IN VALVES

Flanged End:-These are one of the easiest connections to be installed or uninstalled from a pipeline. These are
also one of the most commonly used end connections at present. As these are fastened to the pipe flanges,
assembling or disassembling them is quick and easy. These are usually available in sizes from 15mm onwards. An
important point to be mentioned about these types of end connections is that they are secured with several
bolts. Thus, they ultimately need less tightening torque than what a threaded end connection requires. Hence,
flanged end connections can be effectively used for various types of valves.
Butt Weld End:-These types of end connections are manufactured in such a manner that each end of the valve is
beveled to match with the thickness and bevel on the pipe. After this, the two ends are butted to the pipeline
and are welded. They are used on steel valves, and as they have greater strength, they are perfect to be used for
such applications that require higher pressure and/or temperature in pipelines. Also, these are ideal for all types
of valves, and for use in those areas where repeated dismantling is not required. B.W.E

FERF F.E Lugged Type F.E Wafer Type

Socket Weld End:-
The valve simply has a socket with an inner diameter that is ever so slightly larger than the pipe's outer diameter.
The pipe is inserted into the socket, and is welded around the rim as shown here. Socket weld connections are
usually reserved for smaller sizes, typically 2" and below. They are permanent connections that are reliably leak-
free. This example includes "heat sink" fins which help dissipate heat to protect the seals during welding. Valves
with this feature are often referred to as "weld-in-place."
Threaded End:- These types of end connections are suitable for low pressure piping systems. These are affordable
and ensure quick assembly to the users, without any difficulty. In some cases, these connections may be welded
around the joint, once they are assembled. However, this is not much in practice as it may cause some troubles in
the efficient use of these types of valve end connections.
Threaded End
Serration:-
Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections. A serrated cutting edge has many
small points of contact with the material being cut. By having less contact area than a smooth blade or other
edge, the applied pressure at each point of contact is greater and the points of contact are at a sharper angle to
the material being cut. This causes a cutting action that involves many small splits in the surface of the material
being cut, which cumulatively serve to cut the material along the line of the blade.
Why Serration Required:- A smooth surface finish will not create the necessary friction between the Flanges
Faces and Gaskets, So we Need to Make Some surface Roughness i.e. called Serrated Surface.
 Measurement Of Serration:-

The ASME B16.5 code requires that the flange face (raised face and flat face) has a specific roughness to ensure that
this surface be compatible with the gasket and provide a high quality seal.
A serrated finish, either concentric or spiral, is required with 30 to 55 grooves per inch and as a result roughness
between 125 and 500 micro inches
The Unit To measure It Is AARH(Arithmetic Average Roughness Height.),An Instrument Called Surface Comparator is
Used To Measure the Surfaced Roughness.
63 AARH-For RTJ Gasket. Surface Comparator
125-250 AARH-SPW Gasket.
250-500 AARH-Soft Gasket.