EARTH STRUCTURES LECTURES

For M. Sc. Course – CE5302

Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Shaker Al Shakerchy

Ph.D. in Geotechnical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering / University of Kufa

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 REFERENCE:
1. Earth pressure and earth-retaining structures by C.R.I. Clayton, J.
Milititsky and R. I. Woods.
2. Principles of Foundation Engineering by B. Das, 7rd.

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 COURSE TOPICS
1. Introduction;
2. Possible conditions of earth pressure on structures;
3. Rankine theory of lateral earth pressure;
4. Coulomb theory of lateral earth pressure;
5. Lateral pressure due to external loads;
6. Introduction to design;
7. Backfilled walls;
8. Sheet-pile walls;
9. Excavation support;
10.Soil reinforcement and anchoring;
11.Slope-stability and seepage analysis.
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 INTRODUCTION

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Gravity and Reinforced Concrete Cantilever
Walls
The simplest retaining structure. No special equipment is necessary

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 Gravity and Reinforced Concrete Cantilever
Walls

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Sheet-Pile Walls
flexible support system. For large and small waterfront structures
or in temporary works.

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 Sheet-Pile Walls

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Diaphragm
and bored-
Pile Walls
Retaining
structures for
deep basement,
traffic
underpasses,
underground
mass-transit
station, cut-and-
cover tunnels,
parking garages,
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 Diaphragm and bored-Pile Walls

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Multiple-Anchored and Braced Walls

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Soil reinforcement and Anchoring

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 TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Soil reinforcement and Anchoring

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WALL PLACEMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
Four different methods of wall placement:

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WALL PLACEMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
Methods of wall movement:
Active or passive related to soil

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WALL PLACEMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
Methods of wall movement:

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WALL PLACEMENT, CONSTRUCTION AND MOVEMENT
Methods of wall movement:

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SELECTION AND ACQUISITION OF SOIL PARAMETERS
Selecting Relevant Soil Parameters for Design
I. Geometry of the problem: height and inclination of supported soil
face, geometry of ground surface, distribution of soil types in three
dimensions, position of any external loads and position of any existing
structures to be protected.
II. The bulk density of the soil for undisturbed soil (1.6-2.2 Mg/m3).
III. Groundwater condition: for the worst condition in the life of the
structure. Seepage and flow net sketching may be necessary.
IV. Soil strength parameters: peak effective strength parameters are
required for the soil that wall is to support (long term).
V. Soil stiffness parameters: for computer analysis.
VI. In-situ horizontal stress profile: using pressuremeter tests in-situ or
suction tests on laboratory specimens.
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 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

Three groups of boreholes may be used:

I. Main boring, 50m centers along the centerline of the wall, are twice
the proposed wall height or to known geological stratum.
II. First phase intermediate boring are after the main boring.
III. If the ground is very variable, a second phase of boring is carried out.

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 REQUIRED SOIL PARAMETERS

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 REQUIRED SOIL PARAMETERS

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 REQUIRED SOIL PARAMETERS

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 REQUIRED SOIL PARAMETERS

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 REQUIRED SOIL PARAMETERS

Terzaghi, 1954

German Committee for waterfront structures

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 Question?

Any further information

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 Online Quiz and Homework
E-learning system (Moodle)
Web Site of Faculty of Engineering
http://elearning.uokufa.edu.iq/moodle/eng/

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