TPAlIKH KOlhAHHK

CK PAliEHHUE OCHOBHYI KAPAKTEP YI

68 - 6ocaHcKIBlt.>11
- Vjcsnik Etnograf$kog muztja u Zagrebu
CTPYKTYPA HAPOnHor
VEM
rEM - r m1c11111<Ernorpa4Jc1<or111)'3cj1y6corpi1Ay BEPOBAihA Y YICTOG:HOM
r3M - rnaCllHH 3cM&JbCl(Or/lly:JCja yCap3je ey nEJJY JYfOCJ1ABHJE
rnacC KA - rnacCpnc11eKpa.ri.eac11e111ant.'IHjc
rnac11HK CHJl - rnacHHK C11onc11or 11ay•mor ttpyumcia
rH4 - i'O.ElHWlblllUI Hmmne 4 yn ttha
rCYJl - r ;1ac11tt11Cpnc11or y<1cuor .Etpy11rrea H ttTepecosatLC 33 cpncKy ttapoJUiy pem1rnjy H KYJIT
ZN2.0JS - Zbomik za narodni tivo1 i obiOijc Juin ih no4eno je Hajnpe y BHllY cKyn.lhaH>a rpal)e; Taj nocao je
Sl3\·cna se3aH 33 HMe ByKa Kapa1,mka, 33 lberoB P}e'fnuK (1818).
JI MC - JICTQnK(:i\1amuccpnc11e .QoUHuje je OH rpat)y Te spcre o6jaBJbHBao 11 y APYrHM
np\11103n 311 1<J11<t> - np11J100H :ia 11u,m11ce11ocr, ie3ll11, 11crop11iy CBOj HM CllHCl!Ma, a MllOl'O je re r pal)e, y BHAY pltTYaJIHHX
H ¢lo,..'JIUIOp necaMa, yWJ10 H y H>erose 36HpKe cpnc1mx uapoAHHX
C6HY - C6op1111Kl> 311 uaporom )'.HOTOOpcmui 11 11a- neca.\ta. rpat)a Te Bpcre, Kojy je CKYIDIO B y1< H JbY.U.H KOj ll
po.EtonaC1>, CoqiW1 cy nowmt lbel'OBHM npHMepoM, Jlyro BpeMe tta jc u 6ttna
Cll.M - Cp6c1<<rJU.11.'laT1mcK11 Mll'a.'.IHH, 3auap rnaBHU U3BOP 3ll ll031131l31be ttapo1J,11e pe1mr11je, T3KO
CE3 - Cpnc1111 CT11orpa4Jc11w:i6op1m11 pefiH cse AO Hawttx .u.aua. 0.a;Max .a;a uanoMett eM .ua, no
MOM MttWJbeH>y, Ta r pal)a 1mje noy3.1:1aua, oco6ttTo ona y
CK3 - Cpnc1<a 1111.11lKc1111a 3a;1pyra CTHXOBHMa, T3D. MHronow1<e necMe. H apo1J,11a necMa je
Cno.'lcmt11 CAH - Cno.'ICHHH Cp11c11c a111J1cM11jc 11ay11a necMa H 3ll lbCllO pa3yMCBa!be nOTpe6tto je Ao6po TI03Ha-
Cn0Me111111 CKA - Cn0Mc111111 Cpnc1<e l<pan.eec11e a11auc1A11jc B3lbe 11apo.1111or >t<HoOTa; 11apo.aHa necMa MO>t<e caMo y
orpautt'letto.'11. o611My na cny>t<11 Kao tt3eop 3ll no311aea!be
11apoJUior >t<HBOTa 11 o611qaja. Kao urro 11aM 11apo.a;11a ne-
CMa ne .a;ajc eepuy cmu<y 11apo,11tte ttOWlbC, Kyfie 11 Ap.,
TaKO ttaM ona He itaje Hit aepuy cn ttKY Hapo.aHe penur11je.
H ByK u lhCroa11 en11 ro1111 o6pafiam1 cy npeencrae110
na>t<lby TCKCTOBllMa y CTttxy. TaKO Hnp. y THM 361ipKaMa
cy MHOre neCMHQC WTO l!X neaajy PHTyantte ITOBOpKe
m13ap111..1a, .QOJlOna, KOne.a;apa, KPaJbHQa II AP· Kott THX
o6peJlHHX H3BO~elba 1111cy jeJlHHO CTHXOBH: TY cy p 11Tyan-
11a o.a;efia, noKpeTH, n po33 11 MHOro .a;pyror IUTO je cee OA
pttTyann or H pen11r11 0311or 3naqaja H caMo ca11 Tl! c11eMe1t-
T11 y uen111111 Mory .a.a nOKa>t<y npaa11 cM11cao TllX o6pe.a;-
1111x Hrapa H caMO y311Majyfi11 y H3Y4HO pacMaypa1&e cee TC
cne111em-e MO>KeMO o6jaCUHTll nopeKJIO H pa.JBllTaK tbHXOB.
To ca.'l'I no.'l'lettyo CaMO Kao KJ1ac1Natt npuMep, a Kao nptt-
Mep o6pane TOra je.!l,HocrpaHOr H He.rtOBOJhHO noy3,l:tanor
MattpHjana je pacnpaea HaTKa Ho.rt1rna Pe;iuiuja Cp6a u
XpbaiUa iio Ha[>OgHuM iitcMa.Ma, 3arpe6 1885-1890.
Ko.n Hae je MHOro pal)eHO Ha CKYrtn.aiby eTHOJIOWKe
rpal)e, H y 3arpe6y, Capajeey, Beorpa.r:iy, Co<fm:j 11 H .np.
o6jaeJbe11a jc ect. o61maTa rpal;a. An n, n TOj rpal;n cc
MO>Ke Y41tHltTH BCOMa o36HJblla 3aMcp1<a: CKYnJbaJlll cy jc
nor11ae11To aMarep11 11 AllJICTal!Tll H TO pacn11T1ma1beM a 11c
n.ttpcKTllllM nocMaTpaibtt:•1a. M11 CMO llM, 1ma1<, epno 3a-
xean1111, jep cy 11aM ocTae1111tt itparot1c11y rpaJ;y Koja je y
ceaKOM norne,!l,y 6on.a: TO cy on11c11 1<ojn cy BC33.Hll 33.
OAJ)Cl)eHO Mecro 1rn11 1<paj 1t o6H4HO caonlllTCllll 1<ao ene-
MCHTH jCWJC wttpe QCJIHHC, y CTHOJIOWKllM (CTllorpacl>-
CKHM) MOHOrpa<fm:jaMa 0 nojCAllHHM 1<pajce11Ma.
Ta HOB11ja rpal;a .rt3.na je Moryt.11ocr11H3a11y6JLC npoy-
qaea1t.e uawe 11apo,!1,HC pe1mn1je: e11we 1mje caMO necMa
113BOp, MaJ]a Otta II AaJbC CJIY>Kll Kao ll3Bop. Y nOTpc6-
Jbaea cc 11 rpal;a H3 omica ttaponttor >KneOTa. Y nepno.rty
J.l3Mcl;y ,QBa CBCn:1<a paTa MHOro je pal)e110 11a TOM IlOJby,
a rnamm npcACTaBHHK Tora pa.Qa je 6110 eeoMa y qe-
1111, 11a >KanOCT eek n0Koj1111 B. 4aj1<a1101mk, 1<oj11 je
i:tao 11113 cryi:t11ja, Mcl;y KOjHMa je uajea>Knllja 0 cpiicKOM
bpxobHOM 6oiy, BeorpaJl 1941. Tpe6a no111c11yrn H 1bCroec
CWyguje uJ penuiuje u lf>o111<11opa (1924) ll eeo.'l\a y <1e11e
K0111e1rrape y3 Cpiicice HO[>OgHe iipuiiobeiU1<e I , y 113.Qalby
Cpnc1<e aK11J1CM11je uayKa (1927). llo6ap npernci:t cpncm1x
11apo,!l,llllX o6114aja H eepoea11>a .rtao jc E. Schneeweiss
(1935), KOjH je i:tao H once>Ktty pacnpaey o 6o>t<uklbttM
o6114aj11Ma f<Olt Cp6a 11 Xpean ( 1925), na HCMa41<0.11.
nun1hHMa oee epcre 6ae110 cc 11 npoc~. T ux . P. Dopl)e-
u11k, !<OjH je i:tao BCJIHKY M011orpa<Jrnjy 311e O'lU ( 1938) II y
'liljllM ce OCTaJlllM paAOBHM8 (yrnaBHOM y 36HpHOM .QCJIY
Ham 11apog11u :>1eubaiU, I-X, 1930-1934) roeopH H o
MHOrHM n.pyrHJI\ BCpOB8lbliMa. n pocf>. Dopf)cBHh, KOjH je
Ta1<olje y111po, OCT!IBHO je y PYKOilllCY neJmKa i:tCJJa 0
cpilCKOj HapoJtHOj pcn11ruj11: 0 KYJITY 611Jbl1Ka, 0 KYJITY
>K11eon1lbll H .rtp. Mory on.rte .na 11anoMeneM 11 ttei:taetto
o6jae.lbett y KH>Hry H eHaJ]a JattKOBttha AciilpoHOMuja y
cpiicKUM HO[>OgHUM o6U'lOjUMa u bepobaH>UMa, BeorpaA
1951, y 1<ojoj cy npui<ynJLCtta MHora 011HocHa eepoea1ba "
,QaTa o6jaWlbClbll yi<onnKO ce Til4Y npaBHX aCTpOHOJl'ICl<HX
II reo¢llt31l4f<HX nojaea. Cse C)' TO Hll31{ fl04CLtU: MHOrH
npo6neM11 ll3 cpnc1<e Hapoi:tHe pcm1rujc jow m1cy HH
Il0J111Pll}'TU (imp. pnTyantte llOBOpKe) IUlll HllCY pe111e1m.
TaKO Hnp. MU jow llCMaMO jenne CTHOJlOW!<C pacnpa-
BC o rnaenoM cpnc1<0111 o6H4ajy, o cnanH. Hn H3.QancKa
jow m1cy ttc1<opHmk.e1111 cm1 m1cattu 113nopu o crapoj
cpncKoj pc11ttrttj11: AOKyMettTn tt3 cpembCr eeKa Kao
u 113 XV-XVIII croneka, a y KOj ttM a HMa .n;paro11e-
m1x noi:tan1<a.
PattttjUM ncrpa>K11aa1b11Ma cpncKe Hapom1c pcnnr11je
MOlj' ce 4HHllTH HCKll onwnt np11roeoptt, npBCHCTBCHO
Jl'ICT0]10JIOllJKOr 3H84aja. 011 11 cy o611'l.HO )'311MaJtH CBC
no,nan<e 1<oj11 cy HM 6HJIH mnpe6HH 33 llCl<Y TCMy, HC
BO.rtekn pa'l.yHa 113 KOr cy BpcMeHa llHTll 113 KOje Cy
o611acr11, a o6a Ta \\OMCHTil cy 011 BCJIHKOr 3Ha4aja. Hapo-
41iTO jc sama11 oaaj .n.pyru 1110,\\eHaT. CpncKa uapoi:tHa
Tep11Top11ja je, 1maK, n p nntt4HO npocrpaua a .rta 611 Morna
i:ta 6y,ne x0More11a. Han111e, Mil MopaMo .rta pa4y11aJl'lo 11 ca
penurujCKH~\ nojasa111a 41lCTO o6nacttor 1<apaJ<TCpa H crora
ce l<OA r c1tcpan nca1 1>a MOpa nocrynaTn ecoMa o6a3puno,
a ua WTO i:toca,naw1b11 HCTpamneaqu Huey o6pahanu na>K-
lhy, ttero cy nojaey 1<0HcraTOeauy Ma y KO!•! Kpajy y311Ma-
m1 Kao i:ta Ba>KH 38 'l.HT3B cpnCKH Hapoi:t. Mel)yrHM, TO
m1jc o npae.rtaHo 'l.8K 1111 1<a.Qa ce pa.Q11 o tt3BCCHHM on w TC-
ttapoJ1HHM eepoealbHMa, unp. o eepoealby y mme: ceu
Cp6u 3Hajy 3a e1111c, ann 3Ha'l.aj 11 y,!l,eo TIDC eepoealbll
Huey y CBllM o6naCTl!Ma HCTH na HH BllJIC HllCY ici:tHa!<C.
HaeO,!l,IIM Nao np11111ep ,!l,a cy BHJIC y EaHaTy .'lluoro ,npyK-
'l.Uje 11ero BllJIC y Eoc1111. HMa o6JlaCTH y KOj11Ma CllOBll
nojc.rttttta1.1a ttMajy BCJIHl<Y ynory y >KllBOTY 33je.dttn1.1e, a
npyrn.e HttKaKey. H cri:te npco011aJ;yje 1<olb, a ncrne ayK
Kao J1CMOHCl<a llJIH XTOHCKa >KHBOTlllbll. CaMo y MaKC.Q0-
1mjH nocMat"pao caM 11apo4HTO paaaHjett KynT 311111ja, llT.Q.,
HTJ:t. y TOKy AaJbllX 1!3Jlara1ba j a hy jow HM8TH nplllllil<C
.rta llCTaf<HCM 3H34 aj OBHX MOj l'IX H8110Jl'ICH3. YKp8TKO, MC-
CTO MCX8HH4f<Or CKYll.lbalba II pctjalba no.nan1<a, nOTpc6HO
je IlpeTXOWlO KPHTil'-11<0 HCnHTHBalbC ca ttapo4HTIIM o63tt·
 poM Ha xpo110J1omjy no.11arn1<a, r eorpa$;1<0 pacnpocrpa-
lbeibe no jase, o6H'laja IUJH eepoealb3., fbCroey ynory H
<tJy111<u11011a111m o.uuoc. H, mmacee, norpe6ue cy npen:o.11-
110 .no6po H3paij(-11e MOHorpaQmje o 11apo.1111oj pe.rmrnju
6ap y 11e1<0J1m<0 o.na6pamtx Ta'laKa, KOje li.e .naTH crpy'l-
lb3.UH sa nj nocao.
A ll!TO ce y npoyT.1aealby cpnc1<e 1tapo.n11e pe1111rnje 110
ca.a.a fm:je llOWJIO llO 3HaT.1ajm1j11x pe3yJlTaTa f<OjH 6H 6HJIH
npHxeaTJbHBH, rnaenH je y3pou y je.1111ocrpat10M npHna-
>KeH>y npo6neMHMa: ncrpa>KHBa'lH cy XTCJ111 .na no.usprHy
cpnc1<y uapo.11Hy pem1mjy no.11 je11a11 ecpcK11 cHcreM. 3a-
'lYll0 je 1<a1<0 ce Hnje yBH)lena ie1111a cacm1M je.nHOCTaBHa 11
jacHa 'IHfbCllHL(a, a Ta j e 11a je cpnc1<a 11apo.11Ha pen11rnja
CllHKpeTIICTIIT.11<a: ona je y m:ro epeMe II MOHHC"J"HT.IKa H
.11yarmcr11'l1<a, H Ma1111cr11'l:Ka H -re11cr11<11<a, 11 xp11wli.aHc1<11
MOHOttHCTil'lKa 11 no.1rnu1-1crnT.1Ka, a ua.a,acee 6oraro npo-
>KeTII Mal)HjO,'I\.
II
Kao wro je no3Haro, jy>1<11tt D 1oaem1 cy .uocnenH Ha
6anKaHCKO nOJJyocrpeo y pauo.'11 CpeJ:1tbCM se1<y; lbJ.IXOBO
l10CC.1baeatt.e rpajano je cpa3Mep110 .uyro, jep 0110 HHje
HMano 1<apaKTep Hamor npece.1baea1ba 01111oc110 npeMe-
WTalba Mace Jby.ncrea, 11ero je HMaJIO 1<apaKTCp nocrcne11e
ncnCTpaUllje. To je ea>KHO .ua ce 311a, jcp CnoeCHH HJ.ICY
11cnpa3HHJ1H 33Y3ett 3CM.n.e Hero je 311ua11 .neo paHujer
CTaHOBHHWTBa 111opao .IW OCTaHC Mcl)y lbllMa (llaKO ce
noy:mauo 311a .ua cy ce Mttom, oco61ITO poMaHCKH cra-
HODHHUH, noey1<JJH ttcnpell Cnoeena y npttMopc1<e rpa;:i:oee
11 y nnamrnc .naJbe Ha jyry). CaMo TaKO MO>KCMO ;:i:a pa-
3YMCMO WT() cc 0,11.p>HaO BCJlllKH 6poj npccnoec11c1<HX rono-
HHMa Ii .na y 1<y11Typ11 6a.nKaHCKJ.IX Cnoee11a HaJla3HMO
MHOro6pojHe 6aJ11<aUCKC II poMaHCKC CJleMCHTC, na " y pe-
JlHrHj H. Jy>1<11H Cnoee1111 HMajy, saucra, MHOro 3ajc;:i:-
Hll'l1<0r, oco611ro y je311Ky, c ocn.JIHM Cnoec1111Ma, aJIH Oliff
ltMajy 11 cyenwe rora llITO HM jc saiCllHll'IKO c OCT3J1HM
6aJJKaHCKllM Hapo.o;11.'11a, 'laK II y je311Ky: HC "lltCJlllM caMO 11a
BOKa6y11ap Hero II Ha T3B. 6an:KaHH3>'t!C.
To jc oc11om1a paJJ,11a npeTIIOCTaBKa sa npoy'laBalhC
pe.n11r11jc 6a.n1<a11c1<11X CnoeeHa. Ha >HaJIOCT, TY jc n
OCHOBHa TClllKOli.a, KOja 11aMeke nOTpe6y 11apo'l:llTllX MCTO-
;:i:a y 11CTpa>1<11BaH>y. Ha11Me, He Y3llMajyli.ll y o6311P rp1<e,
cmttoe11111<e Erejc, Mil 311aMo epno Mano o 11apo.n11oj pe1111-
n1j11 npecnOBCllCKllX CTallOU1m1<a l<OHTllHCHTaJll:JOr 6nOKa
EanKaHCKOr no11yocrp1rn; 3HQMO HClUTO BllWC CaMO 0 pe-
J1ttr11ju Tpa'la11a. Asm unaK, no n11ca111-1M 113eop11Ma u
apXCOJIOlllKllM cnoMCllllUllMa 3HaMO e11we 0 lbJ.IXOBOj pc-
m1r11ju Hero o pen11ruj11 npso611rn11x Jymnux HJIH 6a.n-
1<a11c1<11x Cnoeeua.
Henocpc;:i:1mx m1caH11x eccru o pe11m"I1j11 npeo611Tm1x
}y>HHllX Cnoeena l'OTOBO II llCMa: Ilpo1<on11je, Bll3llHTllj-
CKll n11cau VI DCKa, TIO.'lllllbe caMO .na je 1<0.ll: TilllaWtt.HX
6an1<a11c1<11X CnoseHa rnas1111 6or 6110 U'OCflOJlap rpoMa•.
CaMO TOJIHKO, am1 je II TO 11naK llOBOJbHO 11a uaM noKa>He
OCllOBHll KapaKTep ll cryna1b CJIOBCHCKC pem1r11je: 01111 cy
o6o>1<aeanH np11po.o;11e cune 11 11Man11 ceoj na11reo11 eek y
TO .no6a. To je epno ea>1<110.
A1<0 HCMa n11ca1111x 11ccr11 o pen11mju npeo611Tm1x 6aJ1-
KaJlCJ<UX D1oac11a, TO 11111<a1<0 ne 311a'l:11 .na TPC6a no110»<11-
TI1 opy>1<je H He npoyT.1asaT11 TY pen11rnjy. H ecyMlb11eo,
crap11 Jy>1<1111 Cnooe1111 cy uMan11 11 ceojy pem1rujy 11 OHa
1111je Morna 11a lllU'lC311C 6c3 Tpara, 11a1<0 uuje ocraeuna
cee)lo<1a11crea o cc611 y Ao calla no311aT11.11 11 npoy•1e1111111
fll!CllHllM H3BOp11Ma. !lo MO.'tl MllWJbett.y, nucanu 113BOPll
1-13 Tor .rto6a 1111cy MHoro 1111 ea>1<1111, jcp Ta,D;a 1111j e 611no
IbYJlll 1<oj11 611 MOrm1 .narn ecp11y c11111<y pc.rmruje ;:i:pyr or
napo.rta, a, c .o;pyrc crpa11e, Bil n11ca1111 113Bop11 1111cy yBCK
noy3,natt11, oco611To y oeaKBOM cny'lajy 1<aJJ.a m1cu.11 xpmu-
li.a1111 mt w y o pcm1r11j 11 ncxpmuli.ana. CTora, 11111<a1<0 ce 11e
MO>He onpae)laTll c1<e1tTJ.1'lK1t H npeTepa110 KpllTl!T.IKH eras
A. EpHKHepa, KOjH, ,np>Heli.u cc ca1<10 HCTOpllj CKllX Tj.
n11ca11HX 113Bopa, nop11<1e epc;:i:uocr .o;pyrKX H3eopa 11 TBP-
AH .o;a HH KOll jcw1or cnoseHCJ<or napo;:i:a llCMa -rpara o
KYJITY Ilcpyua 11 .o;a je 1<y11T llepyua KOA Pyca crpa11or, Tj.
HOpMaHCKor riopeKJJa ( KH>uia o SaJ1KaHy, I I . Eeorpa.u
1937, 56-57, 67).
H1-1 noom1 cpeAlhH e eK, .11o6a cpm:Ke APiKaBHe caMo-
CTaJJHOCTit, .11o6a xp11wli.a11cKor 3CJIOT1t3Ma KOA npoceeli.e-
11or ceera, 1111 je HaM ocraeno Mnoro rpal)e o 11apoJ:umj
penH!tljH, amt 11naK y 3aKOUCKHM H 11.PKBCHJI,\\ cnoMe H11 -
llltMa rora .a.o6a Hana.311Mo .a.ocra no.11arnKa Koj11 HaM n0 Ka-
3yjy .a.a cy ttcno.11 H n ope.11 3ea11ttt111or xpmuli.aHCTBa jow
6 Hm1 y n y 11oj ceeiKHHH MHOn1 eneMeHTH npaee 11apo.1111e,
ripexpHwhancKe penHrnje. H a iKanOCT, Ta rpa~a jow HHje
CHCTeMaTCKil npllKYfl.JbeHa H o6pal)e11a. Eeo HeJ<OJIHJ(O
ripH.'olepa H3 Te rpal}e: TOrIOHHMll CaMOBl!nCJ<ll Kmv.1.e11a11
11 Kammrreu.; 33.6pa11a pHTyanm1x noeopKll ( pycanHj a) ,
BPWClb3 cnaBCJ<Or o6pe.11a H np11HOWelb3 J<PBHllX iKp-raBa
y U.PKBaM3, HCJ<onaeaa.e ea.'o\n11pa, J<aiKlb3B31bC 3a epa"la-
lbC, HT,[1.
H awaewH ce y 3a lbHX HOBOj eTll"IKOj H Ky11ryp11oj
cpeIDIHH 11n 11, 6o.n.e pe"leHo, cpe.a.mtaMa, jcp cy npeo6HT-
HH JyiK nH CnoeeHH 33.y3eJIH repttrop11je J<oje cy npe Tora
np1ma.11ane pa3HHM 11apo.1111Ma (lla4a1m , T pa43HH, Hs111-
p11, .11a noMetteM caMo rnaeHe), Cnonemi cy 11ym110 Mopan1t
y .110.1111py ca lbHM3 .11a ce yno311ajy ca lbllXOBHM TeKOBHHa-
Ma H .a.a HX npHMaj y, jep je TO 6 tto npHpoJiaH H HyiKaH
ycnoe a.uarrra[lH je HOBHM >KHBOTHHM rIPllJlllKaMa. Anll,
ecpcKC np 11m rnc Ha EanKaJICKO.'tl nonyOCTpey eeh 1111cy
6HJIC BlllllC jCAHOCTaBHC: CTaHOBHHWTBO 6anKaHCKOr no-
nyocrpea 6KJIO jc eeli. .no6pHM ACJIO,\ \ po,\\aHH30BaHO (CCM
HCTO•rnor ,IJ.Clla) H xpHcntjaHH30B3HO. M11 llM3MO n yuo
pa3JJora .na eepyjeMo .na ro xpmuhaucrao HC 6ewe .a.y6oKO
ripo.o;pn o y 11apo.n11e Mace, Tj . .ua cy 11 AaJbC >KHBCJia MHOra
n pexp11wkaHCK a sepoealbll, o6pem1 tt o6H4ajH, nowro HX
llMllMO j ow H .nattac. To XpHwhaHCTDO Koje cy 3aTeKJill
Cnoee1m 6HnO je naTHHCKor u rp•11<or 1<apaKTepa, u Cno-
ee1111 ke y MacH npHxeaTltTH xpttwhaucrao TCK y X se1<y,
Ka,Aa cy CB. frnpKII 11 MeTOJtllje YBCJlll CJIOBCHCKlt jC311K y
6oroc.ny>t<CJhC.
HawaewH cc Ha EanKaHCKOM nonyocrpey H npHMHBlllll
xp1t w ka11creo, KOje H naHac, XH.lbllJlY ro.1111Ha 11 sttwe
nocnc rora, y Hapo.D.Hoj Mac11 y cmap11 caMO npe.11crae.n.a
je.a.aH TilHa}( rIOBPWHHCl< H c.noj 6oj e, 6anKaHCKH CnoeCHH
c;y HY>KHO nojCJ],HHC CJICMCHTC ceoje HapoAHC penttrnjc
uanyurrarm , npem1a4aean11 11 3aMClbHBaJill CJICMCHntMa 1-13
crapHx 6an1<a11Cl<HX pen1trnja H 113 xpuwham:rea . .llowno
j e JJ.O 11ajpa311oepc11ttj11x KOM6!mau.11ja, anH je TtJ.ta eek
ttaponHa pen11rnja 6anKaHCKHX Cnoee11a 1J.o61111a ceojc
.a.pyro OCHOBHO o6enc>+<je: CHllKPCTH3aM. BpeMCJIOM kc y
lbCH CKJIOrI yim H npyr11 CJleMeHTll, opHjCl!TaJillM.
n ocMaTpa,\io JIH c oeor rJICltlfll.lTa cpnc1<y uapo.a.Hy pe-
nnrnjy, a TO je rne.a.1-1wTe 11ecyMlbllBO onpae1J,a110, 6!1he
H3M C3CBHM jacuo OTl<ylla joj CHHl<pen!CTil'l}(lt l<apaKTep II
OTKylla y lbOj Ta.KO xerepor eHH H 4CCTO ripoT11Bpe411 J.I
eneMeHTH: y c1< p ywe11oj x pmuha11c1<oj no6om110CTI1 no.a.
Kpoeo.,1 }(aKea xpaMa o6as.n.ajy ce Maljujcl<e pa.nlbC H JJ.aje
1t3pa3a attHMHCTH'lKHM cxeanubHMa. Hc1<ycreo ucrpaiKH-
eaqa je nol<a3a..110 Jia ce pa:ma eepoeaa.a 11 o6uqaj1t
OJ],p>+<aeaj y MHOro ynopHHje HCNJIH TeJ<OBllHC MaTepHjan-
ue l<YJIType ( Moje 11c1<ycreo y B ojeo,a:1-1H11, 11ajuanpeIDmjoj
j y r ocnoaeHc1<oj no 1<pajHHH), n a cror a MopaMo pa4ytt aTH
seli. yuanpe.11 c THM Jia y cpnc1<oj 11apo.11noj pem1rnj 11 MOpa
6HTll eneMCHaTa pa.3Jlll'mTor nope1<na n pa3JIH4HTe crape..
CTH, 6e3 o63npa ua TO WTO llCMaMO m1caH1tX BCCTH 113
crap1tjer epeMeHa, a JJ.Y>+<HOCT je illlY4H111<a IJ,a npo11aljy
MeTOJ],C 11crp:mrnea1ba noM.oky l<Oj Hx he nOK33aTH KOjH II
Ka1<e11 cy eneMeHTll y m m t y cacrae cpnCKC Hapo,1111e pen11-
n1 je 11 11a 1<0j11 11a'llut.
III
6e3 npCTCp11ea1ba ce MO>KC peli.H .11a Malj11j c1<0-au 11MH-
CTll'me npe.11craee n paJJ.JbC npeenaljyjy 11a.11 CBllM OCTaJillM
KOMrIOHCHTaMa 11apollHC p enunij e Cp6a 1t 1b11Xo m1x cyce-
.o;a. H eMa cyMa.e, TO cy 11 Hajcrap11j1t eJICMCllTH. An11, TO cy
yjellHO 11 nor ncJJ.11 " ecpoealbll 1<oj 11 cy HC caMo cp r1c1<1t
KJIH CJlOBCHCKll Hero MatbC-BHWC OrIUITC4 0Be4aHC}(ll II
1<oje HaJia.3HMO ce yna 11e caMO no EsponH 11cro H 110
,a:pyrttM KOHTHHCHTHMa. Kao 33.HHMJbllBC np11Mepe Mory .Ila
nO."-CHeM o61t"laj onac11ealbll u,p1<aea, 111alj1-1jc1<or 1<apaKre-
 pa, H eepoea1bll ca ,.,rnorttM o6114ajttMa o T3B. HeKpurre-
HHM ,na1111Ma. H jeJ.tHO II n pyro no311aro je tta 4HT!IBY
npocrpa11crey Oll ATnaHTHKa 1.to HH,IJ,ltje. P111yanHe no-
eopKC H 11rpe 4HjH cy y 4eCHHIUt non M3CKaMa, KOjC jow
11ucy fome npeJlMeT npoyttaeafb3., 11ecyMK>HBO 1.ta cy noja-
ea 1<oja je jow limper reorpa¢>c1<or npocrpa11CTea H 411 je
1<ope11e Tpe6a Tpa»mrn num~e y naenoj crap111111. Crora
je yomure epno Tem1<0 11311ana3HTll KO.U TllX eepoea1bll
lhHXOBO 11ope1<no H llOBOJ.tHTll llX y ee3y ca eTll11 4 KllM
rp ynaMa 11a 6an1<aHy He1<a.uawu,111>1 11n11 .ua11all1JbHM. Ko11-
KpeTHO, TCWKO je TY H3HaJla3HTH UITa je CTapo6anKaHCKO,
WT!I crapocnoeeHCKO, urra Tpa4aHCKO HJIH 1umpc1<0, llTll.
H e Mory a .ua 11e noMetteM oene 11 j ena11 cny4aj 1<oirraM11-
11a1.1Hje. Bepoeau,e y c yl)e1111Qe je n03HaTO MHOrHM ttapo-
JlHMa. Otto je eeo.'ola pacnpocrpa!bCHO u KO.U 11ac. A.rm Ta
>t<e11c1<a 6111\a KOll 11ac 11oce l!MCna KOja 01.111rnert110 1101<a-
ayjy .ua je Mopano 611TH KOnTaMuttaQHje npencraea. Ha-
llMC, Ta Ciulla cc 3oey c11oee11c1<J.1 pol)ettuue 11n11 cyt}ett11ue,
an11 na jyry 11 rp4KH op11c1111ue.
Ma~11jc1<e pa.uu,e 11 attHMUCTH4HC npencraee u eepoea-
lba npatt Cp61111a Kao ceaJ<or ,1:1pyror 6an1<a11cKor T.IOBCKa
0.11 pol}clbll no CMPTJ.I H npaTe cee CBC43HOCTI! " npa3HllKC,
na u 011e KOjtt cy T.IHCTO xpmuhattCKOr KapaKTepa Kao Hnp.
6naronecrn, Yct<pc, Hpwreu,e. 311a4aj110 j e na 1tx 11Ma
KOj n ct: apwe 11 11e33e11c110 on no31mj1tx J<ynnrnx o6pe.ua.
Ja h y 11aaecr11 HCKC np11Mepe. OnwTC jc TI03HaTO na cy
xp11111ha11c1<a ( 11 i!CJl3MCK3) KYSTTHa MCCTa o61tT.1HO HaCJIC,IJ;-
lllll\11 crap11j11x f< YJJTHllX Mccra, OJlHOCHO KYllTHO MeCTO jc
CTaJlllO II 11a lbCMy cc Bplllll KYSTT Oll L[aBHHX epe.-.iena, 3.Jill
pa3Jlll411TllM npe1.tcrae1111QHMa. To je cny4a j ocofono c
113BOp1tMa, CTa6JIHM a II nch1111aMa, KOj e cy Calla xpHCTHja-
llll30Uatte, rm ce KYJIT T06ome BPWH CBCTllTCJbY 4Hja j e
LH<Olta CTaBJbCHa Ha TO MCCTO HJIH KOMC j e TIO,l:ltlTHyYa
UPKBa Ha TOMe MCCTy. To je 6tto II ienau Ha411H 6op5e
xp11mha1tcrea: na anomupa u npe1ma411 TaKBa HYJITHa
Mccra 11 K}'JITODe. 3tta4aj110 je .na jc nocne 1500 ro.n11-
11a ocrano Kynnmx Mccra 1-coja cy no wTClje11a TaJ<ee
an.omau11jc.
611hc llODOJbHO .ua no.,\eHeM caMO JJ.Ba np11Mepa 113 Ma-
KC.llOHHje. y HenocpcJll!Oj 6JIH3HHH C1<0nn.a, cncra OKO
8 km on rpa.na, a y anpy cena OpMaHa, Han33H cc jc.na11 rO
Kpe4lb34KH 6pcr. Ha .na11 I. II 9. MaJY1'3 CBaKe l'OJlHHC, no
crapoM K3.JICH,113py, TY ct: CKynn.ajy MHOrn HCBOJbHHUH H
pa.no3H3.JIUH H3 cycen1111x ccna, oco6uro u3 ccna C1<oncKe
up11e rope, .na ca4cKyjy 3.llnje, KOje, no ttapoJUIOM ucpoea-
fhy, THX .[{3H3 H3Jla:JC 113 ceojnx 31iMCKliX CKllOllHWTa. Te
3MHj e ce ,[104CKyjy KHO BCllHKH JJ.o6pOT.IHllHTCJbH It c lbHMa
ce J],0Jia3H y llO.llllP Ha Taj Ha'lllH WTO he ce nylllTaTll ,[la
npena:ie n peHo nojaccea, MapaMa, KOWYJba H en., a nocne
he cc TH npe,l:IMeTll HOCHTH Ha CBOM TCny, na he, Y3
epweu,e HCKHX .npy rtt x Ma~HjCKHX Pa.!UbH, 6oneCHHKY .110-
Hent 3,1:1paBJbC a >t<CHll l!CpoTKHlhll 11cny llHTll lhCHY 11ajae-
h y >t<e..'by. 3M11j c ce Jl031rnaj y no KMeHttMa 11 Kao JJ.a cc
eepyje ,1:1a ceaKo m11.1e ttMa ceoj y 3Mnjy. 3M11ja.'ola ce
o6pahajy I! CTHXOBllMa a np11uoce HM H >f<pYBC. H TO je
cee. 3BaHll4H3 UPKBa lllljC ,1:1ocne11a ,[la TO MCCTO npHCBO-
j11, T.laK HU TOJillKO .na nocraeH KaKaB KpCT. OT.11trJICJ.1.HO cc
pa.nu 0 MaQHjCKl!M pa.nu,aMa H aHl!MHCTHT.IKOM KYll11' KOj H
je ocrao y nyuoj CBC>f<llllH 113 .[{3BHHX apeMCHa.
JeJJ.He ro.11m1e caM npncycreoaao epw eu,y TaKo~e ueoMa
ttMnpecuannx apxaHT.lllllx o6pe1.ta. To je 611no Ha Oe•!CM
llOJby, r .11c HMa OCTCfhaKa KOjH BHpe 113 3CMJbC. Je.11att
nKae, HCWTO eel\11, Kpaj eapowm-1e Ce. HttKonc 30Be cc
roaenapoe KaMcu ( np 114a een11 .ua je ro roec.11ap upeTBo-
pett y KaMen). Y ttoh11 yo411 Dypt}eeA3Ha Ty cc 11c1<y nu
MHOWTBO CBCTa llC caMO H3 CYCCllHllX cena 11ero II 113
.11ane1<HX, a H Ty cy rnae1111 nau11jem11 menc 11epoT1<11u,e.
Mecro je 11mepenm4KO 11 111nepKOH<l>cc11ottan110: Ty ce
HCKYTIJbajy ii xpnwka HH H Mycn11MaH1t, Cnoee1111 II Typ-
u11, II TY cy CBH Kao 6paha. Mecro je H3Ba11 uacelba H OKO
fbcra 11cMa umma. nau11je11TH TY epwc y uohn pnTyan11y
1111J<y6au11jy. A npe.n 113Jla3a1< cyuua 11acrajy rnam m o6pc-
J],tt: OHH KOjH Tpamc TIOMOhll KOJbY Ha CTCHU UPHO jarn,e
1.1ttja Kpe o6n11ea creuy a TCno ce cypea Hll3 "'Y· CTcna
6uea npeey4c11a L1e6cn11M cnojeM ycupeuc Macuc Kpa11. Ty
ce jow o6aeJb3 p111yam1a u11p1<yMa.'l6ynaQ11ja 11 Ma~11jc1<0
pa3611jalbC cynoea. CeM nan.e1b3 c ecka, TY ttc.'lta HHKaKee
J:lpyre np11Mece HCJlaMa nn n xp11whaHCTBa.
 Be36poj je TaKBIIX Mecra u TaKBIIX eJ1eMeHaTa. MoryhHO
je ,[la BeMO je,[IHOr JWHa 6ap 3a HeKe OJl lhl!X MOBii ,[la
yrnp,l'.II!MO H lh!IXOBO eTHH'IKO nopeK.llO. 4HH!t MH ce .ua
caM OTKpHO je11aH TaKaB cnyqaj, 3aHllMJbHB y MUOro,,1
11orne.r:1y. Ha 3eMJbllWTY Ha KOMe cy tte1<a.r:1a J.KHBCJIH Tpa-
'laH11 H lhHMa cpo.um1 JlattaHII Hal;ette cy y BeJmKOM 6pojy
Malhe KaMette nnoqe ca pen.eQl11Ma 1<oj11 n pu1<a3yjy T3B.
TPa'IKOr KO!baHHKa HJIH xepoca Ka KOlhy. To cy BOTllBKe H
tta,urpo6He nno'le. H3aa11 re o6naCTH HaJJaJ.KeHH cy TaKBH
BOTHBHH pelbeQlH ca"'IO TaMO me je 6l!JIO Tpa<tKHX je,UHHil-
L1a y PHMCKOj eojcl{H HJJH Tpa<tKHX Tproeaita. H a TUM
peJbecPHMa j e 11pe11crae.JbeH KOtbaHIIK, xepoc, Ha OHHCKY H
OMaJleHy KOlhY y TpKy. 0611<tJIO je KOlhaHHK 11pe.r:1craBJbeH
ca XJlaMHJlOM Koja ce nenpma H3a tt,er a. Ha THM peJbeQlH-
Ma je qecro jom 3Nmja, nae HJJH nae. CyllITHHa ror Tpa-
tta11cKor: 60wa11crea 11Jltt ·.r:1eM0Ha jom Httje o6jaW!bella.
Bpno je 3HattajHO .r:1a 6am Ha Hcroj Tep1trop11jH r.r:1e ce
HaJJa3C TaKBH peJbecPtt HMaMo y Hapo,uHoj pe.rmrttjtt caepe-
MeHHX PyMyua, Byrapa H 11cro•rnux Cp6a npe.r:1craee H
o6H'laje KOjH H cye11we JIH'le Ha TPa'IKOr KOlhaHHKa. Kolb
H BYK Hrpajy H3BeCHy ynory y uapo,l'.IHOj pe.rmrnjll CBIIX
JyJ.KHIIX Cnose11a, Kao H KOJl MHOrux Jl.pyrHX Hapo.ua, aJlH
je 3Ha<taj110 ,[la Ha noMeHyTOj rep11TOpHjH KOlh HMa BeO.\\a
HapaJ.KeHy H 3Hattajtty y11ory; HAYllH Jl,aJbe npeMa 3ana1w
u arne.r:1a .r:1a je jatta ynora eyKa.
Kao WTO caM n0Me11yo, rnaBtlll aTpH6yTH Tpa'IKOr K()-
tbaHHKa cy KOlh, 3MHja ll nae. Te HCTe J.KHBOTH!be, a y
npeoM pe.uy KOlh, l!Majy epno a11aqajtty ynory H y Kpyry
o6ttttaja u eepoeatba KOjH ce epwe, OllHOCHO eeayjy aa
To.uopoey cy6oTy H y KOMllJICKCY 11pe11cTaea 0 CB. To110-
PY ua noMeHyroj Tep11Top11jtt. Ko.u PyMyHa 1t Cp6a y
BattaTy 3aMHWJba ce .ua y noBH Y04H Ce. To.uopa, na 11 y
TOKY neKOJIHKHX HOli.H llOCJle Tora, jype KOlhll 6ea jaxa<ta
tlJIH ca jaxa'leM KOjH je CB. To.uop; ca HeBHJlJbHBOr HOB-
11or jaxa4a y BattaTy nenpwa ce noKpoe, Kao XJlaMHAa ca
Tpa•mor KOlb3.HtlKa. no ByrapCKoj , HCTO'IHOj Cp611jH, a
,EICJlllMH\1110 ll y MaKCJlOHHjH, MCCTO tlCBHJlJbHBHX KOli>-
CKltX noeopK11 11 jaxa4a, np11pel}yjy ce rora rtaHa npaee
nosopKe liOlha H jaxaqa, 11 y HCKllM HUWl!M caapeMCHllM
eepoealhHMa o To.uoposoj cy60Ttt 3Mttja " nae HMajy
H3BCCllY ynory.
4HlhCHllLIC ,[la ce y Hapo.uuoj eepH 6aJJKaHCKHX Hapo.ua,
ll TO CaMO tiO,[I OHHX lhHXOBllX .uenoea KOiH J.KllBC Ha
3CMJbllll1TY HCKa,[laIUlhllX Tpa'laHa, cycpehy Mal;ttjc1<e II
eepcKe npe.ucrase 1<oje cy eeoMa CJIH<tHe ca npc.ucraeaMa
111TO cy HallIJle HapaJa y pelbeQlttMa TPa41<or HOlhaHtrna,
.UOBOJbHe cy 11a onpae.uajy 3aKJby4aK JJ.a y J],aHallllhHM
o611qajHMa H aepoaalh1tMa KOja ce ac3yjy Ja ca. To.r:1opa
Bll.UHMO BCpcKe ll Mal;1tjCKe npeJ],CTaBe HCKa,uaWlhHX Tpa-
qaHa. T11 06114ajn H acpoBaH>a nMajy ceojHx aHaJJOrHja tt
KO.r:I JJ.PYrHX HapoJJ.a; a.rm y 06n1tKy y KOM J],auac nocrojc
OHll cy CYBHlllC 1<apa1<TCP14.CTH'IHH 3a llOMCHY'fY Tep1tTOp1t-
jy: OHtl cy Ha lbOj JJ.o6HJlH CBOj o6JIHK, Ma.zta na.n.e nope-
KJIO BOJJ.e lt3 M11oro crap11jnx npe.ucrasa o Mal;HjH n aHH·
Mll3My, KOje cy JajC.UHH'IHC roroeo 4HTaBOM JbY.UCKOM
poJJ.y. JI.a f!OMCHCM caMO .ua CB. ToJJ.OP HCMa xarnorpa4>cK1t
Htt 4cra 3ajC,EI.HH4KOr ca ca,upw1tHOM lher oaa npaaHoaa1t.a y
BojBOJJ.ltlm tt PyMyunjH. 0'-IHrJJCJJ.HO je OH TY caMO no
llMCHY 3aMeHHO llCHO pattn je XTOHCKO 6owaHCTBO l!JIH
JJ.CM011a 11 JaJJ.o6110 CBC lberoec 1<apaKTepncnrne.
MeHH cc •tmm JJ.a Kao Tpa'IKH eneMeHaT y caepe"1eHoj
Hapo.uuoj pcJIHrHjH Syrapa, Ma1<e.uoHaQa tt je,l'.IHOr JJ.e.rta
Cp6a Tpe6a .ua cc CMal'pa nojaaa .ua cy KOA H>UX y o6!I'tajy
CBC'laHOCTH ll pHTYaJJHC pa.tllbC ca jaCHO 113paJ.KCllHM oprH-
jaCTH'IKHM KapaKTCpoM ll ca HC'IHM OllWTHM WTO MllOro
no11ceha Ha MHCTep 11jc, a no 4CMY ce Taj JJ.CO JywHnx
CnoeeHa 3HaTHO paaJmKyje 011 aana,l'.IHOr. Y MaKCJJ.OHHju
imp. cea.tt5e cy npahctte opmjaCTH4KttM J.KCHCl<HM Becc-
JbCM cliaJJHCTH'IKOr Kapairrepa, O~IHJbeHC cy aajC.tlllH4HC
CCOCKe CBC'laHOCTII ca pHTYa.JlllliM o6eJl,ttMa, Mel)y KOjHMa
ce Hapo'IHTO llCTH'le CCOCKa cnasa KOja YMHOrOMC 110,1],CCli.a
Ha aHTll<tl<C MHCTep11je mm MHTpacosy JIHTyprnjy: CBaKO
JJ.OMahHHCTBO yqccreyjc ca CBOjHM npHJIOrOM y n punpcMa-
Ma, a yeeqc, yott11 JJ.atta 011or npaaH1tKa KOj11 ceno cJiaBll,
CaKyOJba)y ce o.upaCJlll MYWKapuH H KOJbY ceOcKy wp·rny,
eona Hntt oeuc, Kysajy H JajCJ],Hll<tKH je.r:1y TO PHTYllJlHO
jeno OJJ. Kor H ceaKo qeJba,ue y ceny Mopa .ua oKycH. Y
uaWHM 3CMJbaMa cy Hal}eHH Ha MllO!'O MCCTa ocrauH MllTpe-

ja, na 11c 611 61t110 HHMano 11eo611<mo aKO 611 ce YTBPAHnO
.a.a cc o.o.p>t<arra H MHTPacoea mrryprnja, MaKap H npeu11a-
tte11a 11 yMaH>e11a. Oeo caMo jc1111a npcrnocrae1<a 1<oj y he
.o.oUHttja npor rneaH>a yrnp.D.HTH Hntt 0116ait11TH.
CaMo y3rpe11 .a.a 11anOMe11eM 11a cc y pennr11j11 npaeo-
C1lae1111x cra11oe1111Ma Cp611je H MaHc1101111jc 11ana:Je H
cneMeHTlt H3 crape rpttl<e H pHMCMC pennrnjc, 1<30 11np.
HMe pycMuje 33 je1111y epcry p11Tyan111tx noeopKH, Ko11ega-
pu 3a .o.pyry epcry, KO/ltge HMe 38 6o>Ktth y Mal<CAOHHjlt ti
6yrapcHoj, ciiluja, epcra 3Jlor AeM011a, eeh no1o1e11yre
opi4CHUI¢ 11 AP.
n oce6a11 HllTCpeC33CJly>t<y je <UUbCllHL{8 .D,a C}' Y Hapo]lHy
pen11r11jy Cp6a ywnH H p111o1cKt1 uapee11 Jb101<.neLU1ja11 H
Tpaja11, KOj 11, npeMa TOMe, 111-1cy 6111m Divi Augusti caMO
P11M.rbat1t1Ma, 11ero 11 ,rumac ym11eajy J.t3eectto nowroeau,e
MaKap Kao n11L{8 y 11apo1111111o1 npH'·l aMa (Tpaja11) n eepoea-
lbllMa (.ayl<Jb3HllH KaO ijaeo). n o MOM Mllllllbelb}', 'j npa-
3HOBalby U epMaHa mm DepMa11a y 11cro•moj Cp611j11 H y
6yrapcKOi HMaMO ycnoMeHy 11a BH38.llTHjCKOr reuepana
r epMa11a, 1<ojn je onep11cao y roj o6nacrn y epe1o1e .o.oce-
JbaeaH>a Cnoeeua.
IV
Xp11wha11creo cc 11apo<1HTO 61t110 OKOMllJlO Ha 6o>K!lH-
CTBa 113 npexp11IUhat1cHC pen11r11jc II y TOMC je HMaITO
MHOro e11we ycnexa 11ero y cy36u jalby Ma)jujcl<HX npaHTH-
Ha 11 aHHMJ.tcrH'IKHX npe.o.craea. Amt, TY ce .D.CClUIO 11ewro
wro je no311aro 11 ca Apyr11x Tepe11a: MCCTa crapux cnoee11-
c1rnx, pltMCl<HX 11 rpttKHX 6or oea 3ay3enH cy xp11whaHCK11
cecu11. 6op6a je 6nna ep;w ormpa . .Uocra o lbOj 311aMo no
CTIHCHMa 0 al<THBllOCTH CB. Case, OCllHBa'la caMOCTaITllC
cpnCKC UPKBe (1219) H pecf>opMaTOpa UPKBCHOr >KHBOTa
Ta,!laWtbHX Cp6a. 011 jow y X III BCKY BOAi! e11eprn'IHY
6op6y npoTHB eneMe11an npexp11wl\a11c1<e pe.rmmje H
epw11 xpncr11jaH H38.UHiY K}'nTllHX MCCTa . .Uecl!Jlo cc 11e-
wro WTO CB. Gaea HHje 1111 >KCJICO 1111 O'ICKHeao: y uapoA-
11oj pem1rnju ce. Gaea je nocrao oco6K'f JlCMOH, crapewu-
;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;:;= 1• ==;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;==
11a BYKOBa H Kynryp1111 xepoc, TaKO .a.a ce BpeMeHOM
pa3BllO noce6a11 11apo11cKH KYJIT CB. Caee, nope.n 011or 411-
CTO UPKBettor. Ce. Gaea jc 3aMeHHO HeKor .o.pyror Kyn-
ryp11or xepoca (y np1tttaMa o TOMe MB.KO OH y411 opalby,
rnalby, npaelbelby Y>K3.!l1t, he6a,ro.t 11 JJ:p.), Mom.na ouor
HCTOr Kor je y rpttKOM 11apo11y 3llMCHHO CB . Cn1tpH.D,OH.
HecyMlbHBO .a.a y 1o111orttM 11awnM 11apo111111M o611<1ajHMa
n eepoea1bHMa >t<Hee MHore crape cnoee11cKe npe.o.craee
Hoje je .o.auac TcmKo 11.0.eHTHcPmwearn. YlnaK, 11aije ce
no11ewro w ro je ocrarnK 11n11 ycno1o1e11a 011 npaee cnoee11-
c1<e pennrnjc 11 IUTO HaM otma o.'>loryhaea Aa 6o.1be yno-
3HaMo KaKee cy eepcKe npeACTaBe Ao11en11 npe:it11 Jy-
>KHHX Cnoeeua Ha 6anKaHc1<0 nonyocrpeo.
Kao wro caM uaeco, npo1<on11 je noMlllbC )),a Cnoee11u
eepy j y y 6ora rpoMa. H e HaBOllff. lbCroeo 11Me. C 11pyre
crpatte, TI03H3Ta cy HMCHa HCKHX 6omaucraea KO)), H crott-
HHX 11 3ana.n.unx Cnoecua. Cnp11j11 n11cwi 1<oj 11 cy ce
6ae1t1111 113y4aea1bCM crape cnoeeHct<e pemir11je (Jl. Jle-
me 11 AP-) cyMlbllJIH cy .a.a jc Jym1111M Cnoeeu111o1a yomure
6ttno no311aro 6omaucreo nepyu 38. Koj c ce 11e cyMH>a .na
je 611no TI03HaTO YICT04HHM II 3anaJUlllM CnoeCHllMa. npe
nona croneha, 1903, 6yrapc1<11 uay<1HHK J. YleaHOB np111<y-
nHo je .o.ocra no.a.an.Ka .a.a .o.oKa»<e .a.a cy 11 JymuH Cnoec-
"" 3Ha1111 3a ncpyua. Tc>KHlllTC u,eroea AOKa3HB8H>3 jc
61t110 y ronorpa¢K:1<11M Ha311BHMa. H eAaeuo, 1948, 11 ja CllM
ce n0336ae110 THM nHTalbeM. Ja CaM 6110 y CTaH.Y .a.a 33
ceaKH 0,1], TPH Heauoey 003HaTa TOTIOHllMa AO.D,aM HCKH
11oa1t no11arn1<, 1<oju 11.0.c y np1t11or TBpijelby Aa ce paJlH
38.Hcra o ycnoMcun ua KYnT n epyua. HapottHTO jc 3ua1.1a-
ja11 uoe11 no11an1< .a.a cc je.0.110 MeCTO uenocpe.0.110 no11
HcrapcHHM n epyHOM 30BC Tpe6Hiuhe, Tj .' MCCTO r.o.c cy
np1tttowe11e mpTee. Heauoe je 311ao 3a TPH rono1111Ma
-nepym; C!lJl.a je Taj cm1caK noeekau Ha w ecr. YeeH ce
pa,ro.t 0 6p]lHMa H H3eop11Ma. nope11 rora, BCJIHK jc 6poj
HMe!la 113Be.D,CHHX 0,1], OCHOBe n epyu, 38. HOjC CC MO>KC
IlpeTIIOCTaBJbaTH 11a cy y nocpe11uoj 11n11 uenocpeJlHOi
BC3H C K'jJITOM n cpyua. j aKH pa3110311 roeope ]la jc 6t1Jbt<a
1<oja ce 30Be nepyit11Ha (Iris) urpana 3HaTHy ynory y
Ilcpyuoey KYJJTY (11Mc; Ap yra 111o1cua 6ornwa 11 nenuja;
 H>CH Kymuu 3uaqaj H .11auac). Ko.11 11ac nocroje u JJH4Ha
HMeHa Ilepyu H IlepynHKa. A o6H4aj .110.11011a IUIH npno-
py wa, no3HaT 1<0.11 J y)f{ttffX Cnoeeua H H.uxoeux cycc;:i:a
( arm no.11 enoseHCl<lfM yrm.13jeM), 6110 je y 9e311 c K)'JJTOM
Ilepyua, jep cy o6a HMetta uacra..na 0.11 p11Tyanmrx 3a3H8a-
u,a y MOJJHTBH 3a KHW Y 1-mjH Cy OCllOBHll o6m1uu •Ile-
pym 11 t Jl all,O•.
nowTO cy Jy>1<111:1 Cnoae1111 3aspwwm uace.n.aaait.e ua
Eam<3HCKOM nonyocrpay y VII ae1<y, TO je y j e.11uo .!IOK33
.!Ia je cno eeuc1<u naureou 6uo pa:iaujeu eell MHoro npe
TOra epcMetta Ii i:ta He MO)f{e 6 HTH pe4H 0 TOMe ;:i:a cy Tel(
H opMaHH .11011e111t 8epy y Ilepyu3 H CT0411ttM Cn oseuuMa.
Mo)f{eMO cc H8J:l3TH J:l3 lleMo ycKOpo 3Hant MHOI'O BHWe
0 npeo6HTHOj pcnHnt:jH j y»<HHX Cnoaeua a ca THMe H 0
crapoj cnoae uc1<oj pe1mm:j u yonurrc. IloK. npoct>ecop
4ajK3H08Hk y C80joj pacnpaBH 0 cpUCKOM bpxobHOM 6oiy,
Eeorpa.a 1941, uacrojao je i:ta .1101<a>1<e .11a je cpncKH 9pxo8-
m1 6or 6uo 6or lla>t<6or (y ay4jeM o611u1<y), anH je H.ero-
80 JJ:OK33H8aJbe, K3KO MH ce 4HllH, 11aren1yro H HHje
y6e;:i:JbHeo, 111a;:i:a je ep110 eepo8aT110 ll,a HMa ycno111eua H 113
lla)f{6ora.
IlOpeJ:l THX npcJ:tCT3BHm<3 CTapor CJIOBeHCJ<Or naHTeOHa
Koju >Kttee CIMO y ycnoMeHa."la, y 11awoj uapo.1111oj pe11u-
ruju , Kao WTO je .!Io6po no3HaTO, BCJJllKY ynory urpajy
BHJJe, 88.MnHpH, 8YKO)J.J131..lH. 3ua4aj110 je J:l3 HMIMO O'iy-
eatte H uaee: ttaeu cy cyljeuuue, nopoi:tHJM:Ka rpo311ut1a u
Jlp ., KaKO r .11e.
Koll Hcrottuux Cnoeeua i:to6po j e n03HaT npa:JttHK Ja-
puno HJJH Kynano. Y 63ttaTy, y 01<011ttu11 BpwQa " Bene
l..{p1<ee, 4yo caM 38 Jap1mo: y ce11y 3arajttQu ceoc1<a c11aea
ce o6aeJbll y i:tatt ( 7. jyua) 1<oju ce 11e1<a.Qa 39ao Jap1rno, u
33 TO HMe eell MaJIO KO 3Ha. (Y BC3H c TtlM ;:i:a l10MCHCM ;:i:a
ce je.!Iua n11amrncKa KOCa y npenc11y PaMll 30BC K y nano;
MCCTO j c n1<eo .11a yonw re ueMa yenoea 38 KynaH.e y peQH.
Y PaMtt caM uawao u iellffo MCCTO O epyu .)
CrapH Cnoeeuu cy npaewm u.11011c ceoj Hx 6o>t<aucraea.
Tu HJlOlltl cy H33HBaHH P33HllM HMCHHMa, Mel)y OCTanHM H
t6anea u t u •Kan • (•1<an1turrc •). Ha jy>KHOCJI08euc1<0111
TJJy, HIKO HCMaMO l1HcattHX IlOJ:lS.TaKa 0 TllM eneMCHTHMa
KyJITa, HMIMO Jlpyru x ue MalbC noy:mam1x. Il3Jta y o•m
9eo,'l\a <iecra nojae3 TOnomtM3 Kao Ean9au , Eana9au, Ea-
eauuurrc 11 en. 11 y 1<pajee11M3 r .11c ce pe<i 6aneau y
:i11a<1eu,y noce<ieuo cra6110, Jtc6eno ;:i:peo, ue yn OTpe6.n.a-
ea. Huey <1ecr11, ceera cy ;:i:ea ua3HBa Kan11wTe: je.ll3H 113
jC.llHOl•I jaJ1pa11CKOM ocrpey, a npyru y rpa.Qy CKOnJby.
Oe3j y rpaJly CKOnJby, Mem1 1111<1110 .llo6po no3H3T, no11111-
Jhe cc 11 y jemioj nooelb11 1300. r ., 3 TO je 1rn3•1e j enuo
l<YJJTHO MCCTO. y o6u4ajy Kynau,a Hl<OH3 npocl:>. 43 j1< a110-
e11fi je eu.neo, cace11M onpau;:i:auo, ycnoMeu y u a 1<y n31t>e
11nona. JI.a cy npso61mm Jy>t<HH Cnoeeun llMaJlll lfJIOJJe,
MO)f(C .Ill l10CJIY)f{ll KIO .ll01<33 H TO WTO cc no npaeOCJJae-
HllM UPKBaMa Mory II Jl3Hac BH.!tCTH HC ca.'llO pc.n.ecl:>u
(1<a111eH, .rtpeo) Hero 11 np11M11rneue craTye, 11a1<0 npaeo-
en3BH3 QPKBI 386pau,yje ynOTpe6y CKynnrypa y CB0.'11
KYJJTy.
CTo."eH y fiy j ow je.QaH 3H3<13j3H C..1CMCHaT H3 crape CJIO-
Bel!Cl<C pe11ur11j e 113 KOjH je ca r.i y saua ycn0Me11a. T o je
TpH3H3. Tor ttMeua 11CM3 y >t<Hso." roeopy, 3 pa:iue
nOCMPTHC ro36e Cy II ;:i:a11ac y o6114aj y KOJl 11ac, Kao H KOJI
MHOrHX .llPYrllX napona, If y lbHMa je TCWl<O ll3HlUl3311TH
WT3 je CJJOBCl!Cl<O. M eljyrnM, y cpeJifbOj Eoc11H je <ICCT
TOllOHllM Tp:ro11, Tp:i110, Tp3ua (1<one6a1t>e y 113roeop y,
po,cly H ,!lCKJJHHalllli H, jep ce y H3poJly ry611 CUCCT 0
3H3<1CfhY Te pe<ill), KIKO ce o6H<!HO 30Be oee fi11 n pocrop
ua cpeJlHHH noje.nnu11x CCJTa. H e;:i:aeuo, y OKOJ1111111 3em1-
llC (1 950) m130 cu1 nptt11111<e Jl3 <iyje,1-1 Ty pe<i KIO terminu s
technicus yomure 38 n pa.33.H npocrop n cnpc.n rpo6n.a rne
ce MP'fBl ll cnywn 11 y1<on11HllH OJ1M3pa j y uenocpe.nu o
npen 381<onaea1be MpTea113, a Ha ro.'11 cc Mecry c1<yn.lbajy
ceJbauu pa,1:111 pa30110.ne H norosopa.
KynTHe sone, creuc, cr36JTa n en . cy cacsuM o611411a
nojaea n l<O.ll J y)f{m1x Cnoec11a 1<30 tt KOll M11or11x .npyrux
u.apo.113. Y oc11oen Ta cy eepoeaH.a onwn, aJIH y HHTCH311-
Te11'_ H KYJJTY ll/113 JJOKaJillltX pa311Jll<a. TaKo ttnp. cpaJMep-
HO JC r.i ecr rouo11 1tM CucTaropa, CeeT1tropa, 11 en. H a
MeCTy TaKeor llMCH3 MO)f{C J:l3 6y.ne ll 1<a1<ea llPKBlllla, 31111
He MO~a, anu pe.1100110 cy Ty KymHa, rn6y11c3ua CTa6na.
Bpno JC nen TaKaB npm1ep Ceera r opa y CCJTY EyllITpalhy

KOJl Bpa!ba ca LlPKBHL{0.'11, KOja Ol!:HrnCJlHO npcncrae.lba
a.uonu11jy TOr MCCTa OJI crpatt e xp11whaHCKC UPKBC. y
3311an11oj MaKCJlOHHjH caM BH~ao JlHBHe Ta6yHcaHe xpa-
croee rajeee, ca KanenmtOM yttyrpa, KOjH ce 30BY • flanm-
CKH ,11o6je •, "IHM ce xohe na H3p33H lhHXOBa BeJIHKa
crap1ma.
v Ha Kpajy, jow je.QHa uano.'lleHa. CpncKa Hapo,nHa penu-
Typu11 cy .1to11en11 11a IianKatt HcnaM J<oj11 cy npnxeaT1t-
1m H MHOrH J y»<HH Cnoae11H (.QaHac MMa npeKO I MHJil1011
Mycn11MaHCKHX J y;t<Hl1X CnoaeHa) 11 Ta Ko je sepcKa CJ11t1<a
IianKaHa nOCTaJia jow wapeHHja. O p11Ma11>e 11cna.'l\a pe-
JlOBHO je HWJIO epno nocrenetto: y TOKY 'lHTaeor -rpaja!ba
TypcKe BJla.D.aBHHe y jy»<HOCJJOBCllCKllM 3CMJb3Ma 611no je
npena>t<e!ba Ha 11cnaM H Mii pacnona»<eMo rn1 catt1tM eecm-
Ma 113 XVI -XIX ue1<a ,11a je npenali\ethC na ucnaM npona-
311no Kpo3 ¢ia3y JlBOBepcraa; TaKBllX ,llBOBepaua HMa Ii
11a11ac KOJl Ap6auaca, y MMOM 6pojy, H KOJl C p6a K3TOnH-
Ka y CJ<oncHoj up11oj roptt . AnH cy 11 MYCJJHMaHH H na11ac
.naoaepuH ( HJIH BHWCBepun) )'TOnllHO WTO II OHi! llMajy
M11ora 11e11CJ1a.'>lcKa eeposa!ba ll epw e Mnorc o611'1aje Hao
xp11wkau11. C npyrc crpaHe, nocpe.QCTBOM TypaKa H 11c-
na.'lla yrwrn cy MHOrll TypcKH CJICMeHTH y HaponHy eepy
6anKa11cHHX xpmuhaHa, Hao 11np. eepoeafhC y 1,rn11oee 11
llCTePHBafhe l,.IHllOBa (cr30pl{H33M, MO>K.Qa waMa!ICKH) ,
11eKe npe.i:tCTaee o 33rpo6110M >KHBOTy (npena3 Jtywa npe-
HO CHJla-hynpHje) , MO>K.Qa O>KHBJhCllO npmmwe1be l+Cll-
BOTH.lba na i!<pTBY ( Hyp6a11) y pa3HJIM np1111111<aMa, yno-
Tpe6a opnjewrantt11x xaMaj; m ja, HTJl.
HcraHao ca.It CllHKpcTll33M Hao je.ntto o.n OCHOBHHX o6e-
JIC»<ja ttawe 11apom1e pem1r11je. Taj CHHHpcTH33M je o.'llo-
r yk.e11 u 011 je nocne.1tm1a eepc1<e ronepattunje. He y3H-
Majyh11 y o6311p eepcK y Kiili UPKBeny OOJIHTHKY Jlp)f{aB-
llHX BJJaCTll 0.1{ cpc.QfhCr eeHa IW ,Qattac, Kao HI! fiO!IH-
TMl\Y 3UaflH'll!e 1lPKBC, 11apo.QHC Mace cy Meijy co6oM Bpno
TOJ1epa11T11e 11 tta 6an1<a11y cy cacanM o611<111e nojaec l!H-
TCp1<ottcf>ecuo11anttor HYJITa 11n11 pltTyana. Ja caM eeh no-
========;;;;:;;;;; 23 ========;;;;:;;;;;
M11a.ao CJJyt1aj ca fosc11apoe11M KaMCHOM Ha Ost1eM nolby.
Ko.Q Hae je cacBHM o6H'lHa nojasa .Qa 6o11ec1m MycnttMaHH
OJ1J133C y xp11wha11c1<e UPHBC l!JIH Ha xp1:1wka11cKa HYJITHa
MCCT8 ll xpmuhaHCKHM caernTeHllUHMa pa,aH fiOMOkH, Hao
UITO HAY II xpttwha1111 KOJJ, Mycn11MaHa. Xp1:1wka1111 l!Maj y
eepoea!ba 1:1 o61:1'1aja npttM11>e11ux o.n MYCJJHMa11a, a Mycntt-
MaHtt TaKBHX Hoje cy 33JlP)l(an11 H3 npeHCJl3MCKOr JJ,o6a
llJIH npttMIUlll OJl xp11whaHa.
rnja npe.nCTae.lba pc3ynTaT Jtyr crrpajttor npoucca a1<ynry-
pau11je y TOKY Kor cy y fhCH caCTae ylW111 pa31IH'lHTM
eneMCHTll . Antt, TY ce HC pa.Qt! HI! 0 K3KBOj MCXaHH'lKOj
crparn¢i111<au11jH HJIH 'leMy CJJH"IHOM. Pa,1111 ce o aeoMa
CJJO)l{CHHM n pouecttMa y 'll!jeM TOKY je 611no )f{l!Jlaee
6op6e, oceaj alh3 11 oJJ,ymtpa!ba. Iloie.n11111t CJIC.'llCHTH cy ce
CKJ1anan11 H npcllJIHTa!lll YCJJCJl 'lCra cy ce HYl+CHO II MC!ha-
Jlll, a MHOrn cy H 11wt1e3Jl11. H eMa rora KO.'llnne1<ca o.it
o61t'laja 11nH eepoea1h3., 1111p. ~ypl)ee.nancKH o611'laju Wiii
eepoaa1h3. y ijanona 11n11 eaMnHpa, y KOMC ueheMo ca
Bllllle HJlll Mafhe Tpy.Qa OTKpllTH Pa3.11H•lllTC KOMflOHeHTC.
A DCOM8 CJ!Ol+CCHH cpnCKl1 o6tt'laj CJl aBe 11aj6oJb11 je np11-
Mep: ll3KO y TOM KOMOJICKCY llCMa Hllje.rumr eneMCIJTa KOjH
HC 611 6HO noottaT ll JlPYrHM 11apo,1UtM.a, llfi3K je Taj KOM -
nJJCKC KOJl Cp6a .1to6110 op11ruttanatt CKJ1on 11 o6n1tK a y3
TO II 3118'l3jHy ¢iYHKL{lljy y cpnCKOj Hapo.n.ttoj 3ajC.D.HlllUI.
3sattH'lHa llPKBa jc 61t.11a npoTHB Tora o611'1aja (c e. Casa),
an11 je, ttaj3a,11, 11naK, 11011o>K11na opy»<je u Y3CJia ra noJJ.
ceoje OKPHJhC H cnaea ce cMaTpa na11ac caCTaBHl!M .itenoM
cpnc Kor npaeocnaelba, Ma.na QpKea HH .nauac 11eMa 11apo-
'l1IT o6pen 33 6orocJ1y>KClhC TOM npHmlHOM.

TPAL!KH KOlhAHHK
Y OBHL!AJHMA l1
BEPOBAlhHMA CABPEMEHHX
BAJIKAHCKHX HAPO.IlA
I ITPOEJI EM TPA'-IKOr KOlhAHl1KA
Y APXEOJ!Of11J11
Y OHOM .Qeny 6am<a11cHor nonyocrpaa 11 y lberoey
cyce.acrey npe1<0 ,Uyuaea, r.nc cy 11e1<a.na li01BeJIH Tpa•rn-
HH II lbi!Ma Cpo,!l,Hit .Ua•ia1111, 11!1Jla3e ce BOOMa 'l"CCTO l(3,'.\C-
He 1mo•1e ca pclbcclmMa 113 pttMC1<or .uo6a 1<0ju np1ma3yjy
T3B. Ui.pa~KOi KO/bQllZl/W HJIJI xepoca /IQ KOH>y.Tal<Bll peJbe-
cj:JH ce 11a.rta3e 110 11crnaw1hoj Tpaimj11, y o6e Mc3ttje 11 no
.Ua1mj11, a caMo 113}'3C TIJ O 1131.tall TUX o6JJaCTJI (y P1t.11y, y
.Uaimauuju, y fla11 01111j11, y j. Pyc11j11), WTO ce 0Gjaw1haua
npncycrnoM Tpa41<1tx Tpyua 11 Tpronalla y pttMCl<O .ao6a y
TllM n OKpaj11 HaMa. 0AM3X )la ttanoMCHCM .a:a he ce y OBO,\ \
cnucy 113pa3 •TpaK11ja 1 ynOTpe6.n.aearn y apxeonow1<0,\I.
CMHCJI }', Tj. 1<30 031131<3 3a 411T3BY 3eMJhY 113MCl)y ,UOH>er
.Ily11aaa H ErejcKOr MOpa .no MOpaeCKo- eap;:xapcKe nom1-
11e na J.ana.ny.'
Ornpneeu je npno eemum 6poj Ta.l<BHX pe.!beQ'la, Hapo-
'lllTO y 6yrapc1<oj: no 1918. 6nno 11x je caMo y coqmjc1<0.\I.
M y:rejy n pe1<0 400. 3 ttan11 6poj Ta1<a11x pe.!be<l>a je OT-
1<p11ectt y MaKe.no1111j11 11 y 11CTO'lnoj Cp6nj11. Ha THM
pe.!be$11Ma je npcACTaB.JbeH KOlb3HHK, xepoc, Ha OHllCKY II
O.\\aneu y KOiby y TPKY, KOj11 jc BllCOHO 'j3LUtrao rnan y.
P33.!1HHyjy cc TPll OCHOBHa THna TllX peJbC$l:
I. Ko1b3HllK 11.ne M11puo 11a.ncc110 wm c:roj11. 0611'-IHO y
.nccuoj pyu11 .np*ll IUOJby, a npe.n lbllM je onnp. Yecro je,
y3 TO, Ii .npeo ca 3M.njoM. Hnu je KO!baHHI< nectty PYKY
(6e3 w o.n.e) OCJIOHHO KO iby o npaT. OnTap Mome n:JOCTaT11.
KaTKa.D.a je 11cnpe.11 jaxa'la meuc1<0 y .11yra'l1<0j XaJbllHll .
Hcno.n 1<0lb3 cc a11.a.11, an11 peTKO, nae Witt acnap, llJI H
o6oje.
2. KO!baHHK, e11Tnaj ytm KOrubCM Witt cymtitOM y .ne-
c11oj pyitn, jawe y ranony HaJiccuo; epno cy pen<ll pe.!be-
<Pn ua KOj ttMa je rnj K01b311HK OKpell'jT H3..'ICBO. Hcnpe.11
KO!b3 je 'ICCTO OJITap, a HCnO.!l K01b3 nae H nae. Ko.11
onrnpa <tCCTO ce 011.1111 c-ra6no, 01<0 Kor ce o6aeuja 3.'ltHja.
He1<11 nyr cy ucnpe.n KO!b3H11Ka .nee 111m TPH meuc1<e no.11
BCJIOM, a 1133 lbCra MJ!a,ll,Hk KOjlt cc JlPH<ll KO!bY 33 pen.
3. KO!b3HHK ce apaka 113 noaa. Y nccuoj pyu11 AP*"
yJJOBJbC HY JlllBJb.3'1 33 Hore, a 33 fbl!M 11.ne nae HJili 1138.
Hcno.n uory rnx mueontfha jc npeepuyr cy.11 H3 Kor TC'IC
TC<l!IOCT. Herne cy Ii lliCllCKC llOJl BCJIOM, Herne cnyra
npam KOlba 33 pen, a uerne je npe.11c-raB.JbeH osrrap 1tm1
CTa6110 ca 3MUjOM.
Ha 11oje.11mm M peJbeQ'l1tMa je npe.1JCTaa.n.e11a 3Muja Ha
,ttpyre Ha,nme .
CaM K01ba1U1K je o61t'IHO npe.ncraeJbetl Kao MJlaJI Hk 6e3
6pa.ne, a ca TanacacroM 1<oco.\I.. Pe-r1<0 )la je 6pa.i:.aT. 06114-
110 cy Ha lbCMY KpaTaK, Y3 TCJIO TCCHO npun1tjeu, JlOlbll
Xa.JbCTa1< 11 X113M H.lla KOja ce nenpwa no3ll!l,11 lbCra. Pe-r1<0
.na je npe.1JcraBJbCH ca <1al\rn11paMa. Ha ua.nrpo61mM cno-
MCH1u111Ma K01b3Hlll< cc npe.[\CTaBJb3 ca nakoM, II TO T'3KO
n a je 011 y npoqeJby. 4ecr11 cy n Mpmaq1<11 pe.!beQ'l1t l\oj11
HOKOj11111<a np1ma3y jy Hao Tpa'IKOr KO!ballltKa. T aj KOlba-
HllH cc 30ee y uaTm1c11Ma: Xepoc, r ocno.11ap, Eo r, HT.n.
Y:ecro je pe.n.e<P nocaeken Anonouy, rnKO 11cro AC1U1em1-
jy, na 11 h •m1Tpy.
0 cyumnm caMor 6omaucrna MOrao je npo<P. Ka1.tapoe
~a YTBP!l.H oeo: Tpa'laHH cy yncrrpe6JbaB3JHl TH n rp<11<e
n pe.nc-raae xepoca ua KO!bY na npe,1c-raae caor .noMahcr
6ora HO!balll!Ka. n p11Majyh11 rp'lli'.11 o6p333U Tpa'laHH cy
npey3CJl11, llCTOBpeMeHo, II ua.:me Hp<ii:, , KOj11 cy CXBaTllJlll
1<30 .rmllHO 11-'IC. To c-ranafbC je 6w10 ona1<WaHO 'llllbCIUt-
ItO.\I .tta cy Tpa'13HCKC n penc-raee 0 l(Olby, ncy II 3Mltjll 1<30
0 o6mll,\HM3 y 11oj 11Ma ce jasJb.lljy MPTBll 61111e CJlll'IHC
 rp<1K11Ma. H Tpa<1att11 cy IIMaJlll eepoealbe J:xa MPTBll
npo.uymaeajy .ua m11ee y BHllY 3MHja. Kym .uywa noKoj-
HHKa 6im je KO,n lbiIX eeor.1a pa3BHjen. Tpa<1aH11H, KOj!I je
Hajettwe BOJleO paT, JIOB H KOibe, npe):{CTaB.lbllO je ce611 H
ceoja rnaetta 6omaHCTBa Kao K01b3tt11Ke tt, Ka.ua je Ha.Q-
rpo611e CilOMeHHKe yKpawasao CJllIKOM xepoca Ha KOH>y,
THMe je ll3pamaeao tta.uy .Qa he n0Koj1-11-11< 1<ao xepoc Ha
OttoM CeeTy y npaTH>H ceora 6ora mueern 6ecMpTHO tt
cpehtto. Tpa'IKII xcpoc je y PHMCl<O Jto6a caCBilM H3pa31ITO
IlO.Q3eMHO II J10B3'11<0 6omaHCTB0. 1
Bpahajyhil ce c1<opo nocne Jtea.ueceT ro.n;HHa m;roj TCMil
Kauapos IICTH'IC .n;a npso6HTHa cywTHHa TOr 6omaHCTBa
ocraje ttejacHa . .Uoum1je je xepoc fo10 een1-11<0 6omaHCTBO,
<111ja cc cnoH<e tta np11po,1:1a 11e Mome H3pa3HTll je.n;HOM
clxiPMYJlOM. TttMe ce MO>f<e MOH<JJ;a o6jacHIITH 'IHfbe11nua
.n;a ce TO 6omaHCTBO jaeJha y pa3HHM BJ.IJ];OBHMa ii il3jC.[(Ha-
qyje ca pa3HJ.IM 6oros11Ma. no jc.utto.'11 ttaTnHcy, Tpa<11<H
xepoc je sawTHTHHI< 3CMJhopa,1:1H>e. J l1 Haw apxeonor H.
BynHh cMaTpa Jia cy TpaqaHH npey3en11 o.u rp1<a npe.ucra-
ey •Tpa<11<0r l<OfbaHHKa t H HJJ;eHTm:PHKOBaJIH je ca CBOjHM
6o>1<aHCTBOM, aJllI .rta HeMa 1111Ka1<ea ,1:101<asa .Qa cy 11 Tpa-
43HH IIOillTOBaJIH 11e1<0 6o>1<aHCTBO Ha l<OH>y .• 11 nowTo cy
o6jaeJheHa II.PYK4llja MllW.lbCH>a (Tj. J{a je n pa'IKll 1<0H>a-
HH1< ' xepo113osa11H npe.ua1< HJlll npen.crae11tt1< xepo113oea-
HHX npe.ua1<a) , By.rmh je ocrao npu TOM cxearaH>e aa cy
Tpa4aHH npuxeaTHJlil CJ1111<y •Tpa'l1<or KOJb3Hi11<a • o.u
rp1<a, 1<0.U l<Ojl!X Ce je Olla Hajupe jaBima. 1
He MO>Ke ce, ttna1<, Hll noMH W.lbllTll aa ro .n;a 611 Tpa<1a-
"" npey3HMaJln o.n; rpKa 11 npe.ucrase .Qa cy no1<ojH111..111
e11wa 611ha, 6omaHCTsa: Ta1<se npe.ucraee cy HMaJIH He
caMO fp1..111, Hero H MHOrH apyrH Hapo.uH, KaKO HH.UO-
eeponCKH, T3KO II OCTaJlll, na cy HX HMaJlll II Tpa<1aHH.
CacBHM je o.u cnopett,11or 3Ha4aja .o.a JIH cy Tpa<1aHH
npey3enH o.n fpKa HJIH He H tta4nt:i npett,craB.lbllH>a npa~-
1<or KOfbaHHKa t Hnll f Xepoca •, JCP He Ma CYMH>C .ua JC
•Tpal.IKH K0fb3Hill< t 6HO npeo611THO Tpal.laHCKO .QOM ahe
6omaHCTBO. EHo je 011, eepoeaTHo na no31111jeM crymDy
pa3BHTKa, ff>HXOB Hal{HOHaJIHll epxOBHH 6or, KOj11 je Ha-
CTao O.Q .QCMOHa 11ntt xcpott30Batt11x 1101<0jH111<a. Hajea-
>f<HHja H>Croea 1<aQll1<TCPHCTH1<a jc .ua HMa XTOHH'IHY np11-
po.uy. A Kao XTOHH'lllll l<Olballlll< OH cna.ua y HCTY 1<aTcro-
p11jy y 1<ojy 11 rcpMaHc1<11 Bowin, cnose11c1<11 CeeTOBIUI.,
cpnCKH Tpojau 11 LIPYrH nohtm KOlba!HtQH. 6
Ilpo6J!CMOM npa'IKOr l<Olb3Hll!<a f 6aBHJ1H cy cc II MHO-
rH .upyn1 Hay'IH11L{H, aJIH jow H11cy ycnem1 aa ra pewe. 7
Jow ce pa.utt na np11KynJbaH>y apxeonow1<e rpalje, lbeHY
om1cusaH>y H 1t3HaJ1a>1<C1by no je1mnocn1 nor.\Ohy KOj11x he
MOhH .Qa ce o6jacHe cM11cao H 3ttaqaj n pal!1<0r 1<0H>aH11-
Ka t . PeweH>y TOr npo6neMa, nopen apxeOJJoruje, M0>1<e
Mttoro .Qa .Qonp1111ece 1t CTHOnor11ja: no3ttasalbe Ii 113y'lasa-
H>C 0611qaja H eepc1<11X npe.n;crasa 1<0.n; ner.n;aWH>HX 11
.QallalllfbHX CTaHOBHHKa EaJ11<aHCKOr no11yocrpea ll no-
.n;yttaB.lbll. Taj 3Ha4aj miahe ii oeaj MOj npm1or: .Qa cKpette
na>f<H>Y Ha rpaljy KOja HHje J];OBOJbHO 3all3}f{ella II llCKO-
pttwheHa H .ua tt311ece uoey rpa!;y 113 0611aCTH Hapo.QHHX
eeposa1t.a H o611qaja caapeMeH11x 6aJ11<aHc1<11x uapoaa 1<oja
he, 04~trJle.[(HO, .uonpHHeTH ]la ce 6oJbe CXBaTH H npaBHJl-
HHje pcwH HC caMO npo6neM •Tpa'IKOr l<OlbaHllKa t Hero H
Hel<H .upyrH npo6J1CMH H3 CTHOJlOrHje H HCTOpHje pe.nHrtt-
je 6aJ11<aHc1<11x Hapo.Qa.
HaHMe, KO.Q 11e1<11x 6aJ1Kat1c1<Hx ttapo.ua muse 1t .Qattac
npe.o,craee 0 HOhHOM l<Ofb3Hill<Y KOje cy l?'IHCJ!e.QHO y
recHoj ae3H ca n pe.ucraeaMa crapHx Tpa<Iatta, 1<ojuMa cy
OHll .QaBaJIH u3pamaja y peJLeclmMa npal!KOr KO!baH1t1<a •.
BeoMa je 3Ha<J:ajtto .o,a ce 1t re caapeMette npe.n;crase cycpe-
hy yrnaBHOM ca.Ito 11a 3eMJblllllTY Ha !<OM cy HeKa.ua >KH-
aentt Tpal!aHtt 11 H>llMa cpo.uua nneMella tum Hapo.Q~l. Pa.QH
ce o tteKHM o6H'laj11Ma 11 eeposatbttMa 1<oj11 li.e, c je.utte
' 8. Y1jKOH O B1th: O cpn<K "" lll>J«>llK<»1tiocy.6c~ l941 0 1 65 -l 67
' llp"""3 tllll n<>t<yw oj• ,..., jc MKXOBiUI A6pa>l1t~' HoaH ""'"""H J)<:JM:¢m
o"°""""""6o"'°"""'"" H> D.ali"au>tjt, Hoffilerov zbomik, ~ b l~, 297 H Jl.
crpaHe, noMohH na ce 5rubc pa3y111e CMHCao tTpa'11<0r
KOlbaHin<a •• a, c .a;p yre crpaHe, H lbllX h e )'HeKOJUIKO
o6jacmrr11 .-rpa'IKH KOlbaHHK •.
II PEJbE<l>l1 TPA'-!KOf KO!bAHHKA
KAO ITPE~METl1 KYJITA Y
EYfAPCKOJ 11 MAKE.ftOH11J11
Tpa<1K11 KO!b3HHK je Y*llBao KynT HC caMO y crapmm :
H>CroBH pc.lhC<tm ce nolllTyjy nottcrnc 11 .a;aHac. 11 KO.a;
Jy>KIUIX CrlOBCHa H KOJl .a;pyrux uapo.a;a cy <ICCTll np11Mep11
na ce npeMCTOpHjCKll II attTH<IKll cnOMCH llLlH CMaTpajy Kao
KYJITHH n pc.a;MCTH. 1..lecro cc lbl!XOBO nOllITOBaH>C II no
11.a;ej noj CaJl.P*""" " no o6nnKy cacBHM paM ttKyje on
OHOra KOje HM j e HCKaJl,a yKa3HBano. TaKO je II c OHHM
pc.Tbecl>HMa Tpa'IKOr KOlbaHHKa KOj H cy 6Jum TC cy.a;6JJHC
,!la cc y XIX H XX seKy CMaTpajy y 11apo,!ly ceem:M
npc,!lcraeaMa: y 6anKaHCKHM 3CM.TbaMa tt aijc11e cy no LtP-
KBaMa pa:mux acpo11cnoeecrH HCKC nno•1e ror K01t.a11ttKa,
KOje cy y THM LtPKBaMa n ocrane IIKOHC CB. D opija. 8
Oco6HT je cnyqaj c pe.n.e¢mMa Tp3'1KOr KOlbaHHKa WTO
cy OTKpHBCllH KOJl epena rnaea n aucra (TeTCBCHCIHI
q>e3) y ByrapcKoj. To Bpeno H wm ac cc cMaTpa y uapony
Kao ncKomrro, H 11apon MY non3311 pa.QI! ne'lelba Ha Dyp-
l)ee.naH u 11a Cnacoa.naH. IlollITO y ByrapcKoj 11Ma e 11we
npnMepa na ce y ttapony pen,e<t>11 Tpa'!Ko r KOlbaHHKa
cMaTpajy 11 n olllT)'j y Kao nm<OBH ce. 'Dopija, P. Mapuh je
.a;owao no 3aK.TbY'IKa 11.a je H cB. Dopl)e y r naB11 Ilatteru
caMo interpretatio christiana HeKor crap11jer, npexp11w-
ha11cKor 6o)f{3HCTB3, Tj . Tpa'IKOr K0 Jb3!111Ka, KOjll je, Kao
WTO noKa3yjy CJICMeHTH KynTa KOll Tor apena - HH1<y6a-
u11ja, *PTBOBalbe, 6aQalbC 11osaua y uo.uy uTn. - 6 110 1<0.u
Tpaqaua 6or neKap. Y np11nor TaKBOr TyMa'lelb3 HaBOllH
Map1d'I II 'IH tbeHHQY llITO cy pelbC<tm Tpa'IKOr K01b3Hl!Ha,
11al)eH11 KOll Ilattere, aehH110:.1 6Jm11 noceehem1 Ac1rnem1-
jy, KOjH j e 6aw Il03H3T Kao 6o)f{aHCTBO KOje ne'll! llHKy6a-
QHj0."'1. Htta'le, Ta JJ,Ba 6o>Ma ttcrsa cy H no KynTy II' no
ltKOHOrpaqmjH pa3J1H'll!Ta. 9
y BC3H c TIIM H3UOMCHyh y ttajnpe .a.a CaM ll ja Rll'IHO
Buneo y ceny 6enOT1111y KOJJ. CTpyM ttrte, y M aKeJJ.OHll j ll,
jen11y nno<iy ca pcn.e<t>oM Tpa'IKOr KOlbal!HKa, KOjy Cy
ce.Jbal.Ui OTKpnn11 y r on1111aMa nocne npeor ceeTCKOr paTa,
11 ro CJiy'!ajtto, ua MCcry rne cy xrem1 n a nocrane •cne-
TOK •, KaMeH KO.D. Kora he o6aB1b3Tll ceOCKH KynT. Ha
Mpa."'lop11oj nno'IH Koja je eucoKa 55 a w11poKa 46 cm
npe11.ctaBJhCH j e KOlb311HK ua KOiby y TpKy, a nopen KOlba
Tp'IH nae. K01t.at1HK j e :JaMaxHyo .a.ecu oM p yKoM y Kojoj
JtP*" tteKu npeAMeT (Kon.n.e?), a nnaun (x.naMHJJ.a) MY ce
nenpwa. •0 11 y O BO.~ ceny cen.aittt cy ornacwm na je TO
n HK ce. D opl)a, y3HJJ.aJiu TY n.no11y H TaKO on 1bC Ha1111uu-
nu K"BeTOK •, •Ha CBeTOI< My MMe CB. Dop)je t. K o.a. ror
CBeTOKa KOJbY ceocKy *PTBY Ha MHTpOBJtaH. Hcnpen
ceeroKa cy nopeijatte, emmcacro, nno'le. To je .-rpne3a-
puja• r ne )f{CHC pa3.Qajy OJJ. Kyhe noHeTa jena 11 1mhe 3a
noMeH MpTnHx ua M11Tpoana11, D yp)jesna11 11 JlyxoBe.
P. MapHhy je 6Jmo 'IYJlllO 11.a ce Tpa'IKH KOJbaHHK
3aMelbyje ca CB. D opl)eM, KOjll ce HHMaJIO HC CMaTpa
CBCTllTeJLCM-neKapoM. Ha OCHOBH OHOra UITO CllM Bll.Qeo
y benOTHHY H Ha OCHOBll JJ.PYrHX 'llllbCHHLta, Koje cy II
noeon oso.~e qna11Ky, eepyjeM na je JJ.O HJJ.eHT11<t>11Ka1v1je
Tpa'IKOr KOlb3HllK3 ca CB. DopijeM llOlWlO caMO Ha OCHOBH
HKOllOil'a<tK:Ke CJIH'IHOCTH: CB. Dopl)e cc y npaBocnaenoj
llKOHOrpacp11 j H cm1Ka Kao BOjHllK 113 KOH>y y TpK y, KOjll
KOII.JbeM npo6a.na 3)f{.Qajy. Ta CJill'IHOCT j e, 3allcta, Ben11-
Ka, H caCBllM j e pa3yMJbllBO WTO CC1b3UH TaKO nocrynajy
Ka.a; Haijy p eJbCcp Tpa'IKOr KO!baHllHa. Antt 0 1111 Ii JlaJbC
npony)f{aBajy na spwe KynT 11a 11aqm1 KaKo cy ra epwlln tt
It pa11Hj e. y 11apo.a.y, JJ,aKne, llC 311a ce BllWC HHWTa 0 TOM C
Kora H WTa y crnap u. npencrae.Jbajy nno'le ca pe.lhCcl>HMa
Tp3'1KOr K01b3HllK3.
• R. Marit: D<r lhnkit<ho Reit<r - rinc Heii.,,.rhrit. R..,,. iniemMional< dn
ttudosblllUniqucs, 111. &op.cl l9:lll,!.11-'.lil
•• c......., 1'< n.-.. o6ju.,,.1111 I< 1 en.--x,. CAH, XCV lll , 6eorpu
l9'1-l'MB,2}5M211G--l9 1.
 III KOib 11 KO!hAHl1K Y
OEl1'-IAJ11MA 11 BEPOBA!hl1MA
0 ITPA3Hl1KY CB. TOJI.OPA
Ilpaaocnaatta Qp1ma cnas11 ca. Teo.o:opa TttpoHa, My11e-
murn tt3 IV ee1<a. O lheMy ce 3Ha .ua je y rpa1w AMacttjH
crymm y p1tMCKY eojcl<y. Ep30 noCJJe TOra Hacrano je
rOH.elhe xp1m1hatta OOJl l.lapee ttMa MaI<CHM1tjaHOM H Mat<-
Cl!MHHOM. HHje OH XTeO .r:ta KpHje .rta je xp11whaHHH, na je
H3ee.nett npe.n cy.rt II 6a11ett y TaMHHQy. Y TaMHHQH cy MY
ce ja0Jba.J111 XpttCTOC 11 attl}eJm. H3BeJleH je, My<1ett, ocy-
l}ett Ha CMPT H cna.JbeH 306. ro.tume. YcnoMeHa Ha cs.
Teo.o:opa THpotta npa3ttyje ce, y 11paeoc11asttoj LIPKBII,
.n;sanyr y TOKY r o.u1rne. Ilpett n yr ce npa3Hyje 17. <Pe6pya-
pa no crapoM Hanett.i:i:apy. To je ttenoKpeTaH npa3Hlil<, H
ror rorna ue epwe ce am<aKBH ttapo1.1I1T11 ofo1qajn HHTH ce
3a Taj ,!l,att ee3yjy 1<a1<ea ttapo1wa sepoealb3.. Ta tteraTl!B-
Ha '1.HlbCHHQa je O.Q BCJJm<Or 3Ha•rnja. MeljYTHM, y LIP l<BH
HMa MHOfO sdrn YCllOMCUC Ha ror
3E:Ia'!aj npoCJiaBJhlllbe
CBeTllTC.Jba 1<0je ce BpWll y npBy cy6ny y yc){pllI!beM
nocry, yotm H e,ueJbe npaBOCJiaB.Jba. Xp11lllhattc){a nerett-
.a;a BCml .Qa cy je.QHOM npHJ'IHKOM npoTllBHHUll xp11lllhaHa
y ConyHy xrem1 mpTBeHOM KpBlbY .Qa llOKpone CBC Ha-
MllPHllUe na Tpry ;:ia 6H ce Ha Taj Ha<tllH XPHlllhallll
06ecaeTHn11 y caoM nocry. Cs. T eo.Qop ce je OH!la jaa110 y
CHY MCCHOM C!ll!CKOny 11 npenopy<tHO MY !la xpHlllkaHl! 311
Taj .QaH He Hynyjy HaM11p111tue Hero !13 Kysajy C3MO 11e-
MJ1ese11y Jlillelll!UY·
Ce. Teo.Qop npa~myje ce cey.Qa KO.Q npasocnas1mx
xp1twka11a no OllUITHM UPKBeHHM 11po1111CHMa. Melj)ITllM,
y CpeMy ce je 6HO p33BHO HClllTO ja<tll UPKBe1111 KYJIT ror
CBCTHTC.Jba, 11 TO y XVI Be){y, nOWTO cy y MaHaCTHP
Xonoeo y 4>pyllIKOj rop11 .a;ocnene theroee MOfiH (npBH
noMeH lbHXOB y Xonosy 1555). JJ.ou1111je cy re MOfi.11 fome
.o;ocnene y Xo.o;ow .Qa nOCJie oneT 6y!ly spahene y Xonoeo.
Ko!I Tl!X Molmjy ne<1e1111 cy Wecttu ,. 11
".lf.pPu. M.rpyjHh:ilyxOBKH>t<HBOT,Bojl>()AHKO,l,HollHCul9l9, HCT<>pKj-
CKOllP)'W1'1>0,41Q-411
nope.a; upKeenor, nocroj11 11 11apo,1:nm KYJJT CB. T eo,!l,o-
pa llJIH To,!!,opa, KOjll CaJij)IBH CJICMCHTe l<OjH HeMajy
HllKaKee Be3e HH ca CB. Teo,!1,0pOM HH ca xp11Ulfi.a11CTBOM
yonlllre.
flere11.a;a o jasJbalby CB. T eo.r1opa y cny conyttCKOM
enHCKOllY je UPKBeHO o6jaWlbelbC o611<1ajy .Qa ce 11a TO!IO-
poey cy6ary eapu 11 je.a;e KOJbHBO. TaKo o6jallllbelbe ce je
MOrJJO <lyTll H KOA 11aw11x eapowaHa y EOCHH, Cp611jH It
MaKe,llom1jH, Koju cy paHHjc 61111H no.rt eefiHM yrnuajeM
UPKBCHC npocsere. Melj}ITllM, KO,!!, HaUier CCOCKOr CTaHOB-
IUIWTBa, na It KOA sefiHHC eapOllIKOr, T3KBO o6jaWthelbC
ce HC qyjc 11 o6H<taj HMa caCBHM .Qpyrn 3Ha<taj: KOJbHBO ce
cnpeMa Kao MPTBa<tKO jeno H pa.3,naje ce pa,a;H MPTBHX. Ta
n ereHJW. je 3116eJJeme11a H KO.Q PyMyua Kao o6jawthelbe
3allITO ce cnpaeJba KOJbHBO na To.a;opoey cy6oTy. u
0611T.1aj Kyealba KOJbHBa 11a To.a;opoey cy6oTy 11Ma,
.a;aKJJe, MPTB3T.IKO o6enemje, jep je KOJbHBO j e,ll3H O.Q 11aj-
HapaKTep11CTH'iHlljl1X peKBH3ttTa MpTBaT.IKOr KyJITa, KOjH
je npHxeaTHJJa H npaBOCJiaetta upKBa, a cy6oTa jc y npa-
BOCJ1aettoj UPKBH .QaH noceefieH MpTBHMa. KoJbHBO ce
cnpeMa H 0 .QPYrHM npa:JHHUHMa, 11apoT.1HTO 0 311,llYWHHl(a-
Ma, npeKo ro.u11tte H, npeMa TOMe, He 611 Taj o6uqa j 6Ho
HCWTO H3y3eTHO H oco6HTO KapaKrepHCTH'IHO 3a npa3110-
ealbe CB. Teo.a;opa T1tpOH!I. A.rm, TO je, MOIBC cc pehu,
eeoMa paumpe11 o611T.1aj H 3HaT.1aj110 je !la np3311oealbe ce.
Teo.nopa T11potta eefi tt no TOMe HMa xro11cK11 1<apatrrep,
cacettM 11e3ae11ca11 O!I UPKBene xan1orpa¢>c1<e nereu.a;e.
Ka,a;a, .QaKne, KO!I 11paeocnaem1x napo,lla HH Taj BeoMa
ll03H3TH o6HT.1aj m1je UPKBCHOr 11ope1<na, H!IKO MY je LIP-
Kea .Qana xp11wha11cKo o6enemje 11 neren!ly, jow Mathe fie
Ta1<eor nope1<na 611TH ocran11 o6HT.1aj11 11 eepoealba KOj11 cc
ee3yjy 3a cs. Teo.a;opa H lbCros npa311H1<. HapOAHH KynT
ce. Teo.a;opa T11po11a, o.QHoc110 o611T.1aj11 11 Bepoealba WTO
ce ee3yjy 3a npa3noealbe TO!IOpoec cytiore, TO cy npacra-
PH 0611T.1aj11 H sepoea&a o.u 1<oj 11x cy caMo neKH .a.eJJHMHT.1-
HO 0.QCBCHH y xpHlllfi!IHCKO pyxo, a HeKH cy JlOTllyHO
o.a.pman11 CBoje npacrape o6nHKe.
"S.Fl.Mlirian:Slrblt<>ri!ebRom1ni,ll.Bucuttt[il899,)7Hll
 C1<yn1to caM o61mary rpal)y o Hapo,!J,HllM o61t11aj HMa H
neposa1b1tMa KOj H ce ee3yjy 3a cn. To,!l,opa " To11opoey
cy6ory. Ty rpaijy u3JIOJtrnky pe110M no aellHM o6naCTHMa,
jep ce nojc1111 11c o6nacrn H y TOM norne11y, 1<ao wro he ce
BluteTH, noHawajy Kao nocc611e ucn HHe no T0.'1c wro cy y
CBaKoi KYnT CB. Toltopa H ecpoealba 0 KOlbHMa H3rpa1Jc-
HH yHeKOnHKO APYK<rnje H HM3jy ceoje noce611e Kap3KTe-
pHCTHKe. IlOTpe6HO j e 6HJl0 ,!],3 ce r paija H3JIOfl<H no
o6Jl3CTHM3 jep he Ha Taj Ha'IHH ee33 H3Meijy crapHHe II
,!J,aHaW!bl!Qe 6KT11 yo11n.1m11ja H jacHHja. Ha 33na.a,y, 1<ynT
ce. To,!l,opa j c cpa3Mep110 CJI36o pa:iettjcH.
H Ay lm ca 33na.a,a Ha HCTOK cee jc Bttwe o6 ttr.iaja H
ecpoealba 1<oj11 ce ee3yjy 3a To11opoey cy6oTy, na cc
WltPH H lbltXOB epeMeHCKH 1<pyr: y BojBO!lHHH, HCTO"IUOj
Cp6ttjH ·I! Eyrapc1<oj npa3HOBa!he ce . TOJtOpa nporernyTO
je Ha <nrraey CC,!],MHU.Y KOja nor.imt.e ca 4HCTl!M no11e11elb-
K0,'1, a noner,!J,c H 11a CCAMlll.tY nOCJJe To11opoec cy6oTc.
0611acii4u c11a60 paJbujenoi Ky11iila cb. Togopa. -
WTO ce Ha To,!l,opoey cy6oTy eapH KOJbHBO, WTO HHje
HnaK OflWTC fl03HaT o6 tt r.iaj , CCM WTO ce TOr )13113 He pa;.m H
wro ce TOr 11aHa MHOru np1111ewkyjy, oco6u ro Jteu.a, y
1<pajeettMa AllJbe Ha :Jana/l Oil ,!J,OJnme Mopaee peTKH cy
yonurre Apyrn o6H11aj11 ror .na11a. TaKo 11np. jeiJ,aH CKyn-
Jba'I rpal)e 0 H3poltll0.'I\ fl<HBOTY KO,!], Cp6a y HCKaJJ,aWJbOj
Bojuoj rpaHHUH caonwnna KaKo ce 11a Ce. T eo,!l,opa C3MO
H.a,e y QPKBY It TOr .na11a ce rOTOBH KOJbl!BO Kao ycn0Me11a
ua npae. xp11wka11e 1<0j11 cy crpa.JtaJl.H 3a cnojy eepy. u Y
OKOJIHHH H11Kw1tha, y Up11o j fop11, Hl!CaM Morao ,!J,3 C3 -
3HaM ,!J,a JIH ror ,D,aHa HMa 1rn1t je 6imo HKa1<a11x o6Hr.i3ja, a
y 01<on1111H 0U3Ka, y ceaepuoj Eoc1111, 11eMa 11111<a1<eux
o6u113ja HU nepoea1b3. na cc r.iaK He cnpeMa 1rn KOJbllBO Tor
,!],3113.
l-fay:JeT110, y 3BOpH1t'IKOj C n pe111t, npaBOCJJ3BHH celb3-
u11, npeMa T0.'1e 1<31<Bo je apeMe ror .na11a, no raijajy KaKBO
kc 6iu11 apeMe npc1<0 rom mc. Kaa;c ce: •Ka1<ea je To.no-
p11ua, TaKBa j e roJl.lllU!Ua .•
" fl,(;e ,.,,.,Kh:JKM BOT M Q(i M~ajM Cp& l'p& l<M ... p&.3~ 1 887,1(16
Y EialbCKoj , 1111me Kocoec1<e Mwrpoam1e, To,!J,opoea
cy6orn ce CMaTpa .na je BOnOBCKH HJlH CTO'llilt npa3HHK.
Pa.JtH TOr a, yee11e yo111t TC cy5crre naJl.e BOUlTaHHUY l<O,!],
CBaKor napa eonoea y KOwap11, a jeltHY crane y Hapo'lllTO
cnpeMJbC1111 wyWh1t KOna11. n owro cache H3rope, 1<ona11
ce H3JlOMll ll O.D. lbera cc .naie no KOMa,!J,Hk CBaKOM BOJiy."
Bek y OKOJlHHH Hoeor naaapa HeMa 1111 o61t11aja ,!],a ce
Kyna nrne11m1a; je)lHHO WTO ce TOr 113Ha HJlC y eek.eM
6pojy Ha n p H11ewke. Ta1< 0 llCTO je 11 Kpyrneaa111<oj mym1
II y OKOJlHHH 4ar.i1<a. A y rpymH Te y Ban,eey H OKOJJHHH
CllMC QPKBC cnpeMajy 1<yaa110 33c.,1al)eHO KOJbHBO, Koje cc
J.r.enH n ocne JIHT)'pmjc. n o cen11Ma Tat<OBCKOr cpe3a tT eo-
llOPHQa • ce 11e npa311yje 11apo<mro, ceM WTO ce ror ,!J,atta y
eeheM 6pojy np1111cwkyjy y upKBH. EHo j e o6u11aj ,!],a ce
w r ,!J,aHa KOA 1<yka cnpeMa eapena nrne1mua . .Um< je 61tno
e1twe 1<01b3, y ceny JlylbCeuuaMa je 6110 o6H11aj ,!],a 11a
Teo/lOpttuy ceaKH npojawe ceoj e KOlbC .no f op1t.er MHna-
CeM 11oaua 11 11npar.
DK011una S toipaga. - Ha ToJtopoey cy6oTy, y ceny
Pa1<0BHl.tH nanH ce ijy6pe no aan1tjaMa .na ue 6y,!J,e 3M1tja.
Tor ,!],aHa KOnajy H KyKypeK, KOj HM he JlOUHHje ner.iltTH
CTOKy. 15 Ta1<0 HCTO PMC II y lienOM noro1<y, a caaKaKO I!
no APYrllM CCJlltMa, na 3MHje llC ,!],0Jla3C y 6nH311HY Kyha.
KOJbHBO ce yo nwTe 11c npaaH. 36or 3M11ja, .na 6tt 3MHje
6erane 0,!], Ky ha, y ceny KaJ1.yl)epHUH HAY >MCHe OKO Kyka
nynajyt\H y reo:me11e npe,!J,Mere HJllt ynane 1<pny na lbOM
1<a.a,e OKO Kyke. Bepyje ce .na 3MHje ner11y 11a Kpcroe11an
(14. ccrrreM6pa no crapoM Kane 11,!J,apy) a H3Jill3e Ha To!lo-
pony cy60'ry. 1• nope,!], rora w ro ce nyna y KattTe "nomH
BaTpa y J.r.BOPllWT)', y ceny 8HH"IH, Koj e je 113 o6aJ1.11
.llyuaea, cycpeke ce 11 eepoealbC KaKBO j e y 6a11ary, npeKO
.lly11aea, a TO ce Mome 11 o6jac11HTI! npecelbaea1t>11Ma u
)'THUaj 1tMa H3 BojBO,!J,HHC. TaKo, y ceny ce np1111a Jta je
~ li~x:wh: Btrpo Y o6oo ... j..,.. M lf<M""'l' cpnaa' iupoaa. CE3 , XLV,
"Alt..nC'fPOllMll: Pa1<011......,ll. &e.,.,,...l9J\l,6L.
" Koo ~jow,...,... ro.. B<POll""Y• y Ka..iyljcPftU,M cy"" llOIPM...,,lt np1t~y o
MQjycyjc,,.H ... Hj <,)aen.> HOK ptTQN•
'OO&HKH}'l«>JM j<,Ol<)'CM"Wff OJl, HOM<TP" ...
11>H Mnpo6y,0,""C<:tt1< HaT""""""ycy6oty,KU>M3.10X H .... j.

HeKa >Kena 6HJia 3a6opas1ma .o:a je To.o:oposa cy6oTa II Tor
.o:atta crasHJta Ha saTpy KOTao ca uel}eM i:i;a nepe py6Jbe, a
Ha npary joj ce.o:eno .o:ere oi:i; TPII ro.o:mie. 0.o:jeJJ,HOM joj
·.o:ere 3ailOMara: $Y6mne Me KOlhlI KOmlTaMa.• KaJJ. »<eua
norne.o:a, 11e BH.QH HHKOra, wm no JJ,eTeTy TparosH o.o:
KO!bCKHX KOrmTa! CeTH cc otta .ua je To.o:oposa cy6oTa, rra
pMe KOTao ca uel)eM H H3Hece Hano.JbC re npocne, a OHO y
uel)y y KOTJIY foma KO!bCKa KOOHTa. JleTC joj jc YMPJIO O.Q
THX yJJ,apaua. Kamy: t Y6mm ra To.o:oposn KOlbH. t 3aTO
ce y B1rn<m He pa.uH Ha To.o:opoay cy60Ty, jep OHora KO 6H
pa.a.Ho ToJJ,opoett KOlbH 6ttjy KOnHTaMa (3a5ene>101Jia 60-
CHJbKa Pmoettk, 1948).
Kocobo u Meiiioxuja. - Ha Kocoay je 06w.1aj JJ,a yo•m
Bene HeJJ,eJbe, ToJJ,opttue, Mna.o:e11aua, Cpe.o:onocHe cpe-
.o:e, Cs. Jla3apa 11 UeeTH, KaJ:l CTOKa .o:ona3H c IlOJba, >KeHe
nane roaeljy 6anery (H TO no Tpi! KOMa.ua o.o: one 6anere
1<ojoM je 1<yka onenJbeHa) paJJ.H 1.1ttwkelba CT01<e H 1<alje11,a
nqena OJJ. pa3HHX 6o11eCTH. 17 CeM Tora, Ha Kocoay ce
acpyje .ua Ha TOJJ.OPIIUY H3Jla:Je 3MIIje ll3 3CMJbC H TOr
.QaHa JbY.QH ue pa.ue HHWTa H3 crpaxa 0.Q THX 3MHja, .o:a He
6H y TOl<Y ro.QHHC yje.o:ane JbY.QC H CTOKy. Jla npeKO JleTa
ue 6H BH.QCJlH 3MHjy ( t KaMCHHUY f ), Ha To.o:opttuy Melly Ha
Kane KPCT O.Q up11or KOHUa. Tor .QaHa sapH ce nweHHQa H
KYKYPY3 H CBH je.o:y. y DaKOBHQH je 6HO o6tttrnj .o:a ce Ha
To.o:opm.1y y UPKBY HOCH 1<ysa11a nweHHQa (t'teHIIQa t) 3a
3,!l;pae.JbC, a y neT Hape.QHHX cy6oTa ce je HOC!ma 3a MpTee.
Tor .o:ana 6tt >1<e11e pa.u11Jie Mano ttrnoM .o:a 6tt ce 3MHjaMa
6ouane 01.1tt. Y >1<yntt cpeJJ,cKoj ce TaKolje nepyje .o:a Ha
To.o:opttuy H3Jla3e 3MHje 113 3eMJbe. )la 3MHje ue 6tt yje.ua-
ne npe1<0 ro.Qtttte, ceaKo Ha caMy To.o:opttuy noeyqe HCKO-
SJHKO nyra UPH KOHau 1<po3 nojac, H TO 1<ao y 1<pyr. Tor
.o:aHa 13allJICTy. (nOl.IHY nneCTH) uewro: TH Me 6o.o:y 3MHja-
Ma 01.1H. Httje ofittqaj JJ,a ce Kyea nweHHQa. A;m, 6tto je
o6tt1.1aj .ua ce Tor .o:atta KOlbH He ynorpe6n.asajy 3a pa.u.
Yseqe, 1<a.u ce noje 1<0lhtt, nojaxanH 6H KOlhC H Ta1<0
npoWJIH KP03 ceno.
" JlcH1 Jlc6c,.,,,.,.,Mb: Q(iM~•iH cpn<Hor JUp0,'.111 • •
&.oc,,.,.1907,261.
;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;= 35 ;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;;:;;;;=
MaKegOJ~uja. - Ha Cs. To.o:opa HJIH ToaopHLIY y 01<0-
mrnH Ct<OOJba ce spwe pa3HH o6nqajn 11 raTalba. l1 TY ce
no .o:sopoettMa tt ym1uaM3 nan11 cnaMa 11 .o:pyro cMelie H3
Hyh3 II .o:eopoea, amt ce TO 41!HH .o:a He 6H fo1JI0 6yea
npeHO ro.mrne. l111aqe, TY HMa .QOCTa JIOKaJJHHX pa:m1rna.
Ofo1qaj je .o:a ce 1<ynajy 3aje.0:110 KYKYPY3HO H nllleHH'IHO
3pHo 11 11oce y LIPKBY 3a .o:ywe yMpnHx. To me11e pa3.uajy
Meljy co6oM. HewTO O.Q TOr CHyBaHOr 3pHCBJba caqyeake
ce 3a JteH .QCUll Ii CTOQH, HeillTO he ce 6aQHTH HOl<OWK3Ma
ll CTaBHTH y HPMY CTO(.\ll. y ll.pa1.1eey BCJJC .o:a HyeaHO
>t<IITO y LIPf<BII pa3aajy 3a 3,!l;paeJbC >t<HBHHC. Y ceny
PaMaHOBLIHMa KOll KyMattoea >1<e11e ca 1<yea110M nwemt-
QOM H3BO.Qe o6pe.0:11y u11pHyMaM6yJ1a(.\lljy, WTHnajylm ce
3a TO epeMe. 0.u 1<yea11e nwenttue npe.QBOJJ.HHLla .Qaje
CTOQH, a >1<eHe je.Qy Ty nweHHUY .ua 6H OCTaJJC y .o:pyroM
cra1by ll HMaJJe MYWKY ae1.1y. ll.aKJJe, Mal)11ja 3a IIJIO.QHOCT
>t<CHa H CTOKC. y ceny PawTaHHMa CKynH ce Ha TOJJ.OPIIQY
ueno CCJJO y UPKBH H l<Oll QpHBe ce 3aje.QHH4KH J<yea
rpax, tt TO je 1<ao •1<yp6a11 • (>1<pTBa). Ty ce 3ajeatt114KH 1l
jeae. AKO llITO npeTCl<HC, HOCH ce J<ykaMa. no CJ<OilCKOj
up11oj r opH .QeBoj1<e epwe yoqtt To.Qopttue raTalba tt
Bpa'-latt:.a o y.o:aj1I: Bepyjy Jta he ce yJtaTH 3a 011ora KO HM ce
janH Te HOhll y CHY (a no.a; jacry1< craee KOJbllBa II3 Kyhe
r.o:e HCMa YJlOBLta llH YJlOBIIQe) H raTajy no HOilpllBH K3f<O
he HM ce 3eaT11 cyl}eHHK. nopea rora, OJl Toaopttue ce
6epe H MHPIIllle Ky1<ype1<, a OCTaJio ueelie o.u UBeTH. ' 8
l13 nonora HMaM caMo o6aBellITelbe Jta >1<e11e y TeTOBY
Ha To.uoposy cy6oTy HOCe HOJbHBO y lij)KBY H .(la ce TO
l.IHHH t 3a 3llP3BJbC f . .Ueeoj1<e Kpa.uy H<IITa H3 TPH l.llIHHje
na Ta 3pHa craen.ajy yBe'te no.a: jacry1<: yaake ce 3a 011ora
MJiallHha Kora 6y.Qe calhaJla Te HOkH .
y MHjal.IKOM CCJIY Jla3apoll0JbY npllpeljyjy ce TpJ<e Ha
T0Jtop11uy. 36or HCCHrypHOCTll oa Ap6auaca o6tt'-laj je, y
TypCf<O Jl06a, 6HO HanywTeH 3a HeKO BpeMe, na je o6HOB-
JbeH 1<a.u ce je 6e36e.UHOCT nonpaBHJla. Tp1<e npnpet)yjy
MJJalj11 MYW1<apl.\ll, a .QOJJa3e II CCJbaQH ll3 Jtpyrttx cena .ua
K0«>By Tlon.y. CE3. VII , "AT. IlnpoaKb: Hapo;urn M<KBOT .. o(iM... jR y Cmn<Koi l.l;>iroi rop .. . CE3, Vil ,
6corpu l907, 387.
===== 36 =====
rnenajy re TpKe. Tp1<e 11a T o,!lopoBy cy6oTy cc np11pel)y-
jy, J<aKO Ka>t< y caMH CCJb8Hlt, pa.nu 3Jl.P3lllba CTOKC II
JbYilH, 11
Til.WI cc 11e naiy narpaJie no6cA1111u11Ma. Cmt•me
YpHC ce np11pcl)y j y 11 o Cnacoe11a11y 11 o cea,a;6aMa, v111
n.na ca 11arpa.uaMa.
H y 01<onm111 'Beelje.1111je je o611qaj D,a cc yot111 To.a;op11-
ue HOCH y LlPl<LlY eapcHa n111c111111a, anu y3 lbY tt je.ua11
xne6 11 TpH xnen•-mka ( •mlTypruje t ). JleeojKC 1<pany O!l re
TIWCHlll.(C y LIPl<Bll Ii c lbOM npaqaj y .113 611 i!MaJIC Call y
KOM he HM cc jam!Tl-1 cylje HllH. Bpwe cc Ii n1Talb3 0 HMCHY
u o 3aHllMatby cyl)cmn<a. Yo<tH Ce. T oJJ.opa noroeapaj y cc
,!lCBoj•rn Qe, CBC <teTilpH n o 'leTilpH, KOja he c KOjHM3 ll3
11rpajy 1<ao 11a33p11ue tta fla33peey cyOOTy. 06114aj je na
cc, no 113nac1<y 113 upimc yo•u1 Tonopm-1e, Mcl)y co6oM
WH6ajy 3(:J1CHHM npyndrnMa. 19
l.111cro 1101<anau a.rm on ecm11<0r 311aqaja je ofo1t1aj 1<0j11
ce epwtt y l)celje11njc1<0111 ceny 6oropo.1111u.11. Ha jc.11Ho11t
6pll3WUY H3H3Jl, ccna jc n y6ujUH Ka.Mt H: no611jCH KaMCH
BHCOK OKO 2 MCTpa a y o6HMY o6H'lllOr •IOBCKa. n o
npe11alby, TY je 6 110 Matt acrnp Ce. T o.nap, Oil Kor .na je
ocrao caMo Taj KaMCH. Hase<ie yO'IH T o.nopmtc, 11cpoTK11-
u,.e 113 6oropo1111ue 11 113 0 Kon1mx cena 11ona3C 11 y cyMpaK
o6ll.1Ia3C TJ>ltn }'T OKO TOr K3MCHa, ecpyj y tm .na kc jc CKll-
11yr11 ca ct6e aKO 11Majy tta ce611 KaKB Y Mal)11jy 11 .r:.a k c
nocnc pal)aT11. n ocne rora, ceaKa w:e11a cn ycT11 nopeD
0
KaMetta c11Ta11 noeau, Mano nwc1111ue 11 KOMaJlHk xne6a.•
Om1rr11 jc o611<1aj II y OKMllllH beel)em1jc A3 113BC4C
yO'IH T OAOPlll{C AOl)y y UPKBY CBC HCBCCTC OA TC ro.nnuc II
Jl3 ce npe.11 llPKBOM nopel)ajy j)CAOM KaKO ce je Koja
BCH'laeana. Ilocne BC'lCptt.e, llCBCCTC CC KJlait.ajy Tp11nyr,
OKpett yre HCTOKy, II UCJI11Baj y PYKY CBClllTCllllK Y ii ocra-
n HM npHC}'TllllM. Onu1a ce HCBCCTil BllWC !IC 30BC llCBC-
CTOM. '' H y OKon111111 CTpyM11uc je onIUTll o611<rnj ]la cc
TIUl3. HCBCCTC Knatt,aj y KOA UpKBC llJU! KOA tC BeTOKa ••
KaMCHa KOj ll 33MC1byjc qpKBy.
~-"~' CpnacM IUlpo."lHM o&t"'i" y l><eljv!H ja«>i KDM. CE3, XL,
6e<>rpu-3<•)'K1927,4l-4~.
" H u.nc:10,4l-~
'' HOJJ.nc."J0,4l
Htta'lc, y 0Komrn11 CTpyM11uc jc •T o.11opoBACtt • eemrn
upa3ttHK, noceckett nornau11TO KynTy MpTe11x: TOr Jlatta cc
pa3.11aje 33 MPTBC. 3a MJYrBC cc JlOHOCll eapena nwett11ua, a
AOHOCH cc ll eapcH KyKyp y3.
Y CTapoM .Uojpa11y 6110 j c o611qaj Aa cc ua ToAopoey
cy6oTy MCCC KOJJa'IH ca 6en11.1t nyKOM, KOjH cy pa3A3B3HH
pOAfornll H CYCCAttMa.
l1 KOA npcCCJbCHllX t Ap6a11aca• y npua30BJbY ( YKpa -
j1ma) o6tt•mj j c Jla Mm1J1,11hn ua ToJlopoey cy6oTy n3jaxy j y
Ha KOibHMa y creny II TY 11p11pel)yj y KOibCKC Y"pKC: ~in
toclcr (CB. T co.11op). n K OJl THX Ap6attaca II 111134C HMa
MllOI"O CJIOBCHCKllX qpTa II Ollll cy, epno eepoeaTHO, .rta-
JbllM nopctUIOM noap6a11awe1111 cnoecttCKH MaKC.l\OHllH,
KaKBHX 11 Aa11ac ttMa no MaKeAom1jtt.
Jy")f(,HO [/o,wopablbe. - Y 6 yja110BUHMa 11 OKOnmm ech
y neTIIK 11aec•1e yo'ltt T o11opoee cy6crre uanc cache KOj e
ncne CTOUH 11a poroee. Ha To.11opoey cy6ory ce eap11
mue111-1na 11 cnpe Ma ce •KOJ134 • 3a CTOKy. Konaq cc ce'le,
na ce OJl je1111c H>CroBe nonoe11ue cea1mj rnaBH CTOKe Jla
Ma.JlO na noj CJ1C. TerJteha CTOKa cc HC npcw:c rora ]la11a. 3a
epcMc OKynauuje 1941 -1944. 6yrap11 cy uaro1 111ntt JbyllC
.na np11pel)yjy KOtbCKe Y"pKC tta ToDopoe y cy6oTy.
Y fumw:oj 01<0111m11 Bpau,a T o.nopo ea cy6oTa je 11CJ1aea
11a sono ee •, •nonoecKa CJiana To.nopuna • . Tor .natta eo-
noe11 ce ttc xeaTajy y japaM H 3a eonose ce MCC11 KOJlatt, a
no11erJlC ce nane 11 ceehc . .UoK je TaKO y npatbCHOM
IloMopaBJby, y lbCMY cyce.n1111M npe}lCJlltMa ua llCTOKY j e
cacBHM JJ.PYK'lnje: y Il'lmbll je Ce. To11op 11 l<OtbCKU 11
eonoecKll npa31mK, a y Kp11eoj ct>cj11 caMo KOtbCKH! Y
npe!ICJlY n'llllbll CJ13BC /183 ,!latta, fleTaK ll cy6ory, H TO Y
ncraK JIM j e Togop, i<oj11 j c npa3HttK K011>11Ma, a y cy6oTy
je Togopuu,a , >t<e11a To.uopoea, Koja jc npa31111K nonoe11Ma.
T!IJla ce MCCll Kona'I 3a KO!bC 0.llHOCHO 3a BOJlOBC. Konatt
ce YMCCH YBCllC, a ceap11 ce II MCW!IBHl!a Oil pa3HllX epcra
W:HTa. Ilo'laCTC ce paK11j oM, a OH.Qa HOCC y crajy KMa'I II
11ajy KOibllM3 OAHOCJIO BOJlOBllMa. 11.oK eonoe11, ll TO caMO
o pah.11, je.11y KOJ1a<1, Ha poroe11Ma HM rope yuaJbeue cache.
~l•P>OCOH HH : Ati6oH... ·•Pll•yn.> ... llpH"""nl·• Y~poMHt~<>R CCP. eo...
~ori>acl-, l'Ul,2 , 16 7 .
THX .!13H3 HHTH ce pa.UH y noJby HHTH IBeHe o6aBJb3jy
•IBeHCHY pa6crry -. KyBajy H je11y KyHypy3, a HOCe H
HYB3HY nwemnw y UPHBY 3ll 3}:\paBJbe. HeKH K3IBY ]:\a BO
HMa 77 nojaca (11pyrn Bene .ua HX HMa 99), n a .ua je
roBOpHo: •Ce11aM11ecCT nojaca 11a MH m OTnawere roj 11'H,
a ce.uaM k.c .uoj.uc MOJ16a 11a Hlle Ha 6et tBY 11a pa.UH« (Tj. HC
ornacyjc ce cacBHM 11a 6y,ue cnpeMaH 3ll CJiy'-laj 11a ra
noTpaJt<e 11a pa,uH APYrHMa 3ll 6e.!1BY, Mo6y, aJIH He 3a csor
roc no113pa).
JI.OK je Ta.KO y nT.IHlhH, y KpHBOj <l>ejH je To11op0Ba
cy60Ta KolbCKU Be11uigeH. Y neTaK cc yMeCll KOJiaT.I. Ha
KOJJaT.ly cy wape 1<oje Tpe6a 11a npeAcraBJbajy KOlha, a Ha
cpe,UHHY ce CTaBH KJill!laU Oll IlOTHOBHUe 11a ce aHa ]:\a je
Taj KOJia4 H3MClbeU KOlhHMa. HascT.le yol.JH T o.uopone
cy6oTC H3Hl)y KOll KOtba, Ka,Ile KOtba TaMlbaHOM 11 11a.t1,y MY
.!la noje.!le MaJIO 0.!1 1<onaT.1a. A y 1<yk.H 6y.ue Malba r o36a H
Ta,Ila noMe H noje.uy KOJJaT.I. H3jyrpa Ha To11op11uy ce
CKyne MJJartHfiH jaxa'-IH H3 je,uHe M3XaJle ll jawy KOibe.
n paBe TpKy. no6c,!1HJiaQ He l10fo1ja HHKaKBY narpa,uy CeM
WTO MY je IIOHOC .!la je ibCfOB HOlb naj60JbH. Ha OBOM
Mecry Mor y HaBCCTH H ~13JJY eTHOJJOWKY npHT.IY H3 KpHBe
<l>cje. C nponek.a, y ,uaHe OKO To11op11uc, jasJba ce csojHM
r JiaCOM COBa, Hoj y y OBOM Kpajy 30BY $yJ1yncjKa-. .Ueua
Ta,Qa 1tM1nyjy H>eH mac ca: • Ynyny, To.!lope! - n p1:14a ce:
To11op je qynao K01bC, na ce 3a,!lpJt<ao, HHje HX .!lorepao Ha
BpCMC. CecTpa MY BHKana 11a ,UOTCpa KOibe, na ce npCTBO-
pHJJa y yny11ej1<y tt OTa,!la CTaJlllO 30Be To,!lopa.
Y J1Hcoaja11HMa H APYrHM cenHMa no11 CysoM nn att11-
HOM (BJ1acoT1tHa4KH cpe3) yoT.ltt To,!lopose cy6ore ce cnpe-
MC KOJJa'-IH H nwe1mua. H a caMy To,!lopony cy6crry npoja-
wy Kott:.e 11 Becene ce. 11.!lY tt K0.!1 roae,1.1,a. CJittT.1110 ce pa,u11
H Ha Ean1M1 ,1:1a11.
Mttoro6poj1m cy o6114aj11 11 BepoBatt:.a wro ce o,1:1Hoce
Ila npay ce.QMllUY ycKpWlbe r nocra y OKOJIHHH JlecHOBQa.
Haaewk.y tte1.:c H<i om1ca KOjH MH jc nocnao .U- 'Eiopl)cBHk.,
CBCWTCHllK. Ha 4HCTll nOHC.QeJbaK HC xpaHC nee 11a HC 611
6ecucmi:, a y ceny BorojeB1w Mna.Qttk.H ro r .Qana jype H
TYKY nee no ceny. no cen11Ma 33na,uHo o.u JlecHOBQa
T.IHTasy TY CCJlMHUY 30BY •rnysOi\U. Jaja WTO 11X CHCCY
KO KOWl1 y TOj ceJtMHUH npo.uajy ce, jep 611 IlHJJHk.11, HOjtt
611 ce H3 H>HX H3J1enm, 6ttJJH r nyett 11 He 6H n pajaJ11H .
)l(e1:1e He pa.ue Ha ffJJYBH TOpi!ttK • .na 11e 61:1 nony,!lenc.
BHHO ce He nHje. H a •ny,1:1y cpe.r:1y - Jt<eHc HC pa.!le •Ha
pyHe • .Qa ne 6tt nony,!lenc, a .!lCBOjKe ce ,1111Jt<y paHO TOr
.Qatta, 38IlJEHhy pa.nose, Be3y, H TO n pe cyHQa, 11a 6H TaKo
ny,1:10 pa;:urne H npeKO ro.QttHe. Baptt ce KYKYPY3 .tl,a nyllo
po.QH. y ncTaK cc MCCH KOJia'-1 CB. To,1:1opy. KoJJa'-1 je Kao H
CJiaBCKH, ca wapaMa, npeKpCHHUaMa, nOTKOBHQaMa. 4 e-
CHa 6cnor nyt<a, H>HX HeKOIIHKO, 03HaT.laeajy nOTKOBHQe.
HeKH Y3MY Taj KOJJal.J npe BCT.lepe ll 0.!1Hecy ra r.ne HM
neIBH croKa, a nottecy jow H ceehy, }l{ap H TaMlb3H. Omu:1e
crajy yHaKpCT, CTOKY II T.leJba.u._, JIOMe KOJlaT.I Ha iellHOj
crpaHH H .Qajy noMano CTOQH. Caek.y 38naJle na jacnaMa.
Kan TO cec o6aee, yrace ceehy, noHecy KOnaG, cnoMe ra 11
noje,ny Y3 Be4epy, MOJJCh.11 cc CB. To.nopy 38 3.n;pasJbe
CTOKe H 4CJb3.!1tt. Bape tt nwcmu -1y.
H a To,11oposy cy6crry, jow npc CyttLla, 38n ane Ha l)y6pn -
WTY rosel)y 6aJ1cry, H TO BJla}l{Hy, .ua r yCTo .!1HMH, JJ.8 6H
cypyTKa npeKo ro,!lttHe 6 Hna rycra. n ocne Tor a, yHoce
mueHttUY Ii KOJlaT.I y WTaJly. CnoMe KOJia4 11 .n;a,11y ra
KOH>y, aKO ttMajy KO!ba, HHaT.le Apyroj CTOl..\H. TaKO ypa11c
H ca nmeHHUOM. Ko1by ce ,11ajc tt neT.ICHO 4CCHO 6enor nyKa
KOje 03Hal.Jasa IlOTKOBttUY ( Ha KOJJaT.ly). y ee3tt c THM
roeope: •Csem To,nop KOtba 1<onc tta JIC.!1 .na npol}e 38
neTo JJ.8 11,11e. • DomTo ce cse TO o6astt, 11c1rn 0,11 Mnal)Hx 113
Kyk.e nojawe KOlba H c H>HM npOT})T.ltt KP03 ceno. To HM
npcncrasJba Ol1JJ833H CB. To,11opa .ua llOHecc neTo. O.n; Tora
,1:1a11a TIOT.I HH>Y y sek.oj MepH JbyJbalhe tt Bl1TJJalbe.
•To11op11ua • (To.r:1opoea cy6crra) ce npa311yje y Ilycroj
pe1.1tt .ua KOlh He y,11aptt <IOBeKa. Tor .QaHa ce KOibH HC
npeIBy. 0Hl1 KOjH HMajy KOH>e H nn awe ce 38 H>HX, cnpc-
Majy H CeKy KOJia'-1. T11 KOJJal.Jtt cy Kao Ii CJlaBCl<ll Ii
yonwTe TO cc CMaTpa Hao mpecnaaa • . ]ellall <1oee1< H3
CTy6ne, noWTo jc HeKOJlttKO nyra 6no crpa11ao c KOJIHMa,
yseo jc JJ.8 ceqe KOJiaT.I Ha ToJioposy cy6crry. Tor ,11aHa
iawy KOlbe, Tcpajy ttX y JJl1BaJIC H •npeTH T.I Y ce •, a Otllla HX
n ycrc. H eMa 06ttT.1aja na ce aapH nwcnttl\3, aJIH ce np1tpe-
l) yje cee<iaua sc<iepa 3a Otte KojH cc 3llTeHHY y Kyk.11.
===== 40 =====
Y 6nm1<0j 01<on1t1111 Opo1<ynJba (cena Ocp11Jbe, Iiaforn
OOTOK H .o;p.), Y041f t CBCTltTOJlOp1tue • sape It je.o;y KYKY-
pp, a tt eMa 06J.14aja .a;a ce 11a caMy To.Qopoay cy5crry aaptt
KOJbHBO. Y caMoj sapow11 Opo1<ynJby UPt<Ba cnpeM a sa-
peHy nwem1uy. 1'13jyt'pa, npe cyuua, y nO."ICHfTHM cen11111a
nane ljy6pe. n ocne rora, KO uMa KOH.a, ttcrepa ra 113
1.1.lTaJle, nojawe ra 11 j yp11 c lbHM TaMO-:l,\IQ. Kamy: HJlC .!la
JJ.OHece JleTO. He1<11 ee.ne A3. ro ce. To.uop une Jla .aouece
nero. Tor .itatta 6y.ne y O pot<ymhy, nacpe.u Tpra, ca6op.
n e e a ce tt 11rpa Qenor Aatta, jep je r.ma no"leTIIK npo.11eli.a.
Ha Taj ca6op .LlOJla:le CBC HCBCCTe H3 TI: romrne H3 6JUt>f< HX
CCJia, a TaJJ.3 H MHOl'C JJ.CBOj KC 0116eraeajy 3a ceoje MO;\\KC.
Hciifa•ma Cp6uja. - Ce. T o.uop umt T o.rtopoea cy5oTa
npa.3Hyje cc y HCKHM MCCTHMa no npe11en11Ma Jlyamm.t11 11
Huwas tt (OKOJIHHH Ottpo-ra) uaje11we aa 3.QpaeJbe l<OH>a.
Y ccny CTyL1e1111 na Taj .i:tau, nocne CJ1y)f{6e y up1rnu,
llOWTO II U.PKBa Ta}la cnymH, 0Jla6cpe cc llCKOJlliKO 1bYJlH,
KOj11 o6yKy nou cna110 o.uc110 It uarapasc cc, na y3jawy
KO!bC. HanpeJl MJlC j c}la11 ca 33CyKaHHM pyKaBHMa 11 JlPBC·
HOM ca6JbOM y p yu11 . Ta110 11a KO!bHMa onTp<!C OKO UPKBC,
na 011.ua ltJlY no ceny It ll j)OCC IUTO JI M KO .ua: HOBaq, »<ttTO
111111 11y11ypy3. C11y11Jbc11c np1u10rc npoJia jy H 33 Jlo6HBCHH
11oeau Kyne nHh a, na yec •1c m1jy H s ecene ce. 23 Y npeJie-
ny CepJbHry, ucna npea cCJIMl! Qa ycKplll1ber nocra 30BC
cc •ToJiop11ua 1, a cy6orn 11ojoM cc 011a 33epwasa je
•TOJIOpoea Mmt TyJiopoea cy6orn•. 06H<1aj Jla cc y TOKY
Te CCJlMHUe fl OCTll TaKO Jl3. ce je}le C3.'-10 jCJl3.HIIyr y TOKY
.ua11a 30BC cc •TYJlOp114Clt.e • Hm1 •iei:tHOHll<IC!bC •. Ce.
T oJIOP cc CMaTpa y CepJb1try 33 naTpona jaxa<111or , jep .na
jc 6Ho na KOEbY Ka;:t je xpHwlia11c 1136ae110 OJI j eepejCKOr
rQ!bClb3.. 3aTO ror Jl3Ua jawy CBC'laHO KOtbC II j axa<1H ce
yrp 11y j y Koj 11 MO>KC 6o.n,e 11 nenwc .na jawe. Jow yo•m Cs.
T o.nopa ce capeM 11 jaxa'lKll np116op 11 KOfb cc or11Map11 11
ttaxpatt11 6o.n,e HO o6114110. Yee•1c, 33 eeqcpoM, JlOMalum
o.npem1 KO lie cyrpa npojaxaTH HOit.a It Ha3Jlpaen MY BllHOM
~paBHUY }la MY 6y.nc cpefi110. 011 IIOJby611 JlOil\ahHH3 y
"llllu. M. HK"°""h: lb Jl)'*11Nll<N llN "'""".CE3,XV,~ 1910,UO;- :
Nh, IJ ,J900.89.
liOWT<lll3NOpo,:l,lfOl"np&3NOMlloa. Kf. .....
;;;;;;===== •1 ;;;;;;=====
py11y 11 np11M11 TY 3Jlpasnuy, npe11pcr11 cc 11 Hcn 11je je, na
OIICT IIOJby611 JlOMak11Ha y PYKY II BpaTH MY <IYTYPY· T aKO
cc 11a3.npaeJha H .npyr11M jaxa4HM3, a110 HMa BllUIC KOlba.
3a jaxal{e ce OJlPCl)yjy y npsoM pe.ny MJJaJ.tllliH, na Otma
O>KClbellll MJJal)H 1bYJ:tll. PaHO y jyrpy, jaxal{lt, CBCl{aHO
o6y'ICllll, nojawy KOibe 'II ca CBHX crpaHa l!JlY Ka LIPKBlt .
Kan cc CKyne, c epcraj y cc II TJ)Hll yr o6111)y OKO Lij)KBC, a
33.TllM cc y M31b11M rQ,\UUJa,,,.a pacrype n o nOJby: HCKll OJlY
JlO BllHOrpa.na, ropoea II .np yror HM31b3.. y IIOJlHC cc OIICT
llCKync Ha ypcl{CllOM MCCTY na KpeHy 33jeJtHO .no pacKpW-
ha, a onawe cea KH ceojoj KyhH. KaJ.t jaxa'l ,ll,Ol}e npe.n
Kyliy, Maj Ka 11n n n ajCTap11ja >Ketta pe.11ywa 11311ccc MY
cn peMibCllll Kona'I, BHHO H KllTY 6oc1tJbKa, llJTO OH n p i!MH
o uaKO 11a K01by. Jaxa'I Harp1t3e KOna'l na ;:ta H KOEbY .na 11
011 11arp1t3C. 3 aTHM ce Hanttje mrna, na 11 KO lba nocnc
BllllOM no rnaml M 33.KllTM KllTOM. HapoAHa o6jawlhC1ba
TllM pa,Q1baMa cy: KOJl34 3arp113yj y j axa'I II KOlb .ua 6H
6111111 ecp1111 jc.ita11 .itpyr oMc 11 Hcpa3.11eojH11, 01111 0 jaxa'I
mtj e 11 lbllM noc ttna KO tba pa.n11 3.QpaeJba, a 6oc11JbKOM ce
KHTC o6oj 11ua na 6yny .uo6p11 ll npHjarnH 11ao lllTO jc
npwjarnu MHp11c 6oc1tJbKa.l ..
01111Ma KOj H llMaj y KO!bC, y OKOJIHHll CoKo6albc, •T o-
JlOp11ua • jc •KO lbCKa cnaea • . T o r ;:ia11a HCTllMapc KOibe
6o1be uero o6u'l110, na l!X 11CKllTe H nojawy y rpynaMa
Kpo3 ceno . .llo11 ce epaTC, ,!IOMalrnua je ecli ucneKna ManH
K01la4 , KOj H he npy»<HTll KOiby .ua ra 33rplt3C M nojci:te
ucna. Ha Kona'ly cy wape o.n TCCTa. n ocnc ce tt cKyne
jaxa<111 (MJian.111i1t 11 MJ1alj11 O>KC!bCHll 1bYJ111) 11 eeccne ce .
Bpw11 cc Ta.KMH'lC!bC y TOMC KO Haj6oibC Her y j e K01b3. Ii
'IHjll jc KOib tt aj6p>KH. Cee cc TO o6ae1t npe no,!IHe,
11ajnan.e .no IIO,!l.HC. .Upyro HllWTa cc HC Pll!lH TOr Jl3,H3.
H eMa o611'1aja .na cc eapH n we11HQa.
Kon Cp6a y 6oibCeal{KOM cpe:Jy, Ha 411cru KJIH Ty.no-
poe nonc.nen.aK ce epwc pa:m11 o6H'lajH,a 11a •Jly.ny• lllllt
•To.ttopoey cpe.ny•, Kao u Ha •Jly;ui nen.11 1, He pane
llHWTa. llH Jby,!IH HH )t(CllC, a H3pol{1tT0 HC pa.ne HltWTa OKO
"lvo. J- M h : lb _»<_N_yC..p,.,..,-,.-.Ca<TMT"""I'•
Ell, Xl, Cap.i..., 1$96,77-"lt.
 CTOl(e, .ua HM oeue HC 611 611nc 6pib11ec. Ha 1Ty.o:opoe
TOpHll l(' 11 1T ynopoe 4eTBpral(' 11c~rn uapowmx o6•14aja.
Ha •Ce. Ty.o:opa' m111 1T ynopoeyc y6ory•, l(Ojace 30ee jom
H •KOlbCl(H Benurttam, 01111 1<0j n l\Majy l(QlbC AICCC wynaJb
1(0Jla•1 3a 3;:1paeJbC 1(0Jb3. Tor na11a aaJba ixa ce KO-
lbll jamy mm npc>Ky. 06114110 ce 11cl(ym1no 1mme 1w11>a1ml(a.
Ceal(I! 1(01b3.HllK ea.Iba Jla 11aTaK11C KOJla'-1 ua J1eey pyKy H
ixa TaKo c 1<ona1.1e~1 MaJlo npojawc Kon.a. Oocne Tora,
H3JJOMll cc raj KOJla'-1 II ixa.o:e cc Oll lbCra MallO H l(OlhY .o:a
nojc.o:c. Ha To.o:opoey cy6oTy l(yha cc npcKa pacoJloM, na
cc OH.Ila 1.IHCTH : TO pan11 rora .o:a npel(O JlCTa llC 611 61!Jl0
6yea. 0co6HTO je eepoaaH>e, Ja6cJlC>KCUO y OBOM Kpajy,
.o:a nosau l(Oj11 >Ken11 .ua ra~a .o:o6po Ba.Jba TOr ixana .ua oixe
y QPl(By, aa Y3Me Ha$opy, .na jc MCTllC y llYWKY a 33Tll ol1
nywKy aa 1136aUH, na kc nocJlc y611 jaT11 113 H.e rtte
llOMllCJlH.H
H KO.ll: Cp6a y xoMOJbCl(OM cpe3y 11owT yje cc nnoeo
uena Ta CCJlMHQa n Ha 11a1.11111 CJlll'-laH 1(30 y 6oJbeBa4KO,ll
cpc3y. Ha 4HCTll HJJH Toll,opoa nouc11co11111< tt3BOAe ce
pa31111 o6u1.1ajH y BC31i ca 33110'11llbalbCM TIOCJla. Ha TOAO-
poay cpeiw 11e pa.ue Htt mTa 1111 JbYll." 1111 >Keue, 11apo1.1nTo
He OKO CTOKC, 11a CTOHa He 611 I1o611jana MCTHJb. H tt KOlhC
HC TllMapc 11a HM tte pacry 333y611uc. Ha •TO,ll,Opoey
lleTKY• HI! >KCllC mt Jb)'ll,H ue pa.ue llllIUTa OHO oeaua ixa HM
HC onaaa eyHa 11 11a ttc 6<myjy Oil w yre. M11or11 csen<yjy
Taj llCTaH 36or MCTJl.Jba H 6pJbHBOCTll. A Ha 1To.nopoey
cy6oTy . KpMe cc KOlhH japMOM, y 1<0joj je llCT)'UaH H
rpyMCll Ta,\11b3.Ha, .!(a 1(01hll HC 611 nanum Oil 6oJlCCTH
TCKHCBC33. Oowro KOlhH nojc11y jap111y, 113jawy »x jellHOr
no jcmwr 011a1<0 ro11e H caMo c yJlapo.11 llO peKe Hmi
113BOpa, TC llX uanoje CBCil<OM BOllOM. Tor ce llatta HHal.le
11c paa 111mmTa. 26
Opa3HOeaH.e T onopoee cy6oTe ceo.0:11 cc y f oplheM
CTnry Ha KOlhC KC TPKC. n opc.ll, TOra, OMJla,!IHl!a cc WCTa
ror ixana y CTapllHCKOj HOWthll . y llO>Kapeea4KOj MopaBH
6110 je o6tt4aj, npe npeor cee-rc11or pa-ra, 11a H3jyrpa jawy
~ rpCSo<h: Cpnac"""poJIH"o6oNlj,. ... CJ><-6o.......,~10X". CE3, XIV,
6torpt,11 1909, l2-14,Jl-Jll.
,. C.. M. M":oocu•....,.,.. 11: 0Goi.j11 _ _ . - ,.. Cpao x _ . _.
C E3, XIX,6torpt,1119lJ,J5-37
KOibC II Jl3 llJlY 0.ll, Kyfie AO l(yke Te cc 1.1awhaaajy. y CCJlY
KnCHJbeBll cn ott<apeeau) MJia,!IHt.11 npupeljyjy KOll>CHC Tp·
Ke: .no noixue Kpo3 ceno, a nocnc noru1c n3ea11 cena. Tana
6yey ll yraK,1111ue, 11 TO 11ajnpe y rpyna,11a, a 11anOCJlCTKY
yraKMUila y Kojoj Y4CCTByjy caMO 11o6e.0:1mu11 113 nojCJ:lll·
1111x rpyna. H y M11a1m MJ13Jl,llk11 np11pc~ yjy TPKC ua
To11opoey cy6oTy.
5yiapc1<a. - KoA Eyrapa, npea HCllCJha ycKplllthcr
nocra 30BC CC 1To.1topoea HC.QCJhat. n pn» 11311 y TOj
CCJtMllUll je •Il'ctt nonc.ll,CJIHlil<t. Tor .o:ana JhyJhajy nee .ua
11x 11e 6n cnona,uano 6cc1111no npe1<0 ro11m1e. n o Eyrap-
c1<oj je aco.11a paumpe11 o6u4aj .!(a ror .ua11a HAY •KyKcp11 •,
noeopKe MacK11pa1111x urpa4a. Mc~y MacHaMa je rnae11a
•Maj Ka' Wiii '6a6a' . MacKc cy y o6JIHl(Y pa31111x >Kil·
BOTl!lhCKnx rnaea. Ceu y4ecm1u11 cy .11ywKapu11 . Hoce n
.1tpne110 opy>Kje. KyK 11Jl11 KyKep 11e CMe Ila roaopu Kana,
llllyhtt no ceny, 611jy ceaKora Kora cpe-rny. Je.0:11110 wro 11e
llHpajy mc11c, a .uceojKe ue cMejy Hll aa ce llOl(a>K y 11a
ym1u11, jcp ibllX ro HC ll 611jy. !lo llOllHC llJlY KYHCPll
noielll!lla'-IHO, a llOCJIC 110.QHC HJlY y rpynu OJI Kyhc JIO
Kyhe 11 Hrpajy. Te nonopKe llllY Ila 6n 611no polla. Y
H3BOl)elhy TllX o6111.1aja OAHOCHO MatHjCKHX paJllba 3a
llJIOJ:IHOCT HMa MHOro JlOKaJlHHX pa.31lllK3. n
t4 pH BTOPllllK I je yropal( y roj CC.ll,MllUll. 3 11a4aja11 je
jep c lhHM no•uubC 1111:1 JlOWHX yropaKa. Taj yropaK cc
CMaTJ>ll Kao no•1CTaK cywe H crora ce cnpe.1rnjy Kynn111
XJle6oe11 pa.an .o:a>KJla. •l1 yaa cpcAat cc npa311yje 36or
Jl)'.!IHJla 0.!(HOCHO y 4aCT l}aeona KOj H YJ13311 y 408Cl(3 TC 0 11
noJly.nn. 4CTep-ral( jc, yonwTC, Hao 11 yropaK, p~ae Aa11 y
CCllMlfQH; a oeaj 1.ICTUpTaK y npBOJ HeAeJbl! ycKpllllbC r
nocra je jow ropn. Ko pann Tor 11a11a, cnonawkc ra
BpTornae, OWaMyr1t he cc. H Tor .ll,aHa cy MCWCHll KYJlTHll
XJlC6oBH.29
tT011opoea c'6oTat, •T o11op11ua • l!Jl» tK01bCKll Bcnnr-
JlCH • je KOil Eyrapa ).lall nocecheH HOlhHMa ltJllf, 6olbe
pe1.1eeo, KOlhCl(O j 6oJieCTH ryrypahy. O pa:myje ce jow 11
"Jl. ~: lbpo;uttnp.11~-,._,...,.u._. CSHY, XXVlll ,
eo.p..1914, m-111.
"Hu.;ie...., J71- :l80.
=====;;;; 44 =====;;;;
pantt Tora Aa ce nno.ne KO!bll. Oco61no crporo npa311yjy
Taj .ita11 11eeecre Hoje cy cc y,ua11e y TOHY 3HMe, H TO pa.rm
rora ,IJ,a 611 pal)aJJe. Caat<a Kyfia MCCH ror ,ttaua o6pc.n1111
XJJe6 38 KOlbCt<O ;mpae.1hC. Taj x.ne6 ce o6114110 30BC
• KOH'le • . Y 01<01m1111HHKOnon,a 11a u.eMy je npe11cras.lbe11
KOib ca jaxa4CM. Y ceny nawa-koj y :JOBY Taj xne6 11
•CeeT11 T o.nop e. Mece cc 11 1<ona1.11t 38 ueeccre. Y )l{eJba-
BH (01<01m11a Coclmje) ror 11aua }f{CHC ce p1-najy H peey -
.!la 6H cc 1<o61me m.r.i;pc61tne. 06H'-1aj je .na cc ror .i:i:a11a
T3KM114C: rne.1.tajy <utj ll cy HOlbH llnll BOJIOBH Hajja•m.
HCKHM 1<pajee11Ma 6yrapc1<e ror ita11a cc np11pcf)yjy TJ>KC,
3B3HC T)'J'CKll • Kyw11ja t llnll t ,l],OMJIC t . 0611'1aj cc 33.CHHBa
- ITO H3pclAllOM o6jalll!helbY y HCKHM 1<pajee11Ma -
eepoea1by WI je CB. To,!1,op o6na'IHO .QCBCT KO>t<yxa ua cc,
jaxao K O!t.a u muao 6ory ;:ta ra MOmt .o:a nowaJbCJieTO. Ka.tl
je AOW30 AO 6ora, cjaxao je, 3300 KOIIJbe y :JeMJbY tl 33
11>era ee:Jao KOl ba . .UoK ce je 6aeuo KOA 6ora, a nourro MY
je 6or ycm1 wao MOJI6y 11 nocnao nero, TaMO r.ue je fomo
3a6o.11eHO KOilJbC eeh jc 0.11 TOlUIOTe 113611 jana napa 113
3eMJbC. CeaHO KO HMa KOH.a Tpc6a TOr .QaHa .na ra HCTepa H
.tta y1.{eCTeyje y TPUll, HeKa.Qa cy TC TPKC o6aBJbaHC BCOMa
C8C1.{aHo, ca ne<:MOM It CBllPKOll\. H 3 je.1111e 33,!lpyrc jc
llCTCpttea110 110 llCKOJlllKO KOH>a: jaxan11 cy llX MnaAH Q}f(C·
lbCHll JbYllH a llC MO.'•IQH. KO!bll cy KllheHH BCHLlHMa O.Q
3J{paBL1a Ii KyKypcKa. n ocne TPKC, KOib KOjH je yreKaO
HCllPCJJ. CBHX OCTallllX HllC npm1. Celi CCJba1m cc ca6cpy
11acpeJl cena, 11 TY MOMQ11 11 11.eoo jKe uanpaee eemrno Kono
OKO KO!b3. c iaxa•mMa . .UeeojKe neeajy 11apo1.{HTY neCMy
(tCBeTH T onop K01b3. KOBe, Cpcll RllBallll Ha 3CJICHO ... t).
nocne rora ceH 11.izy Kyhn 0 11ora 11.0.'>lalmua 1.{11j11 je KOib
no6eJ:1HO 11 ou ux 4awhaea 011110.'>I. T or .11a11a je y lberoeoj
Kyh11 llC6opt. (Y HCKHM CCJlllMa OKO Jloe\{a KYlllltja ce
np11peljyje Ha Hua!b.113.11.)H
Htta4e, y 6yrapc1<oj je o6114aj 11.a ce ua To11.opoey
cyOOTy ea pc nwe1111ua, KYKYPY3 " .11pyra ceMe11a. Jo Y
OKOJllUlll TpHa (33llaJIHa 6 yrapcKa) 4CCTO npeKO roAHllC
•• 11 .... J1.CJ10,l8 1-:isl.
'" HH.10<J10,)3),
tCJJY)f(3T CBCT'U t, H CB3KH tCBCTaQ t HMa ceoje 3Ha4elbC.
Ha T o11.opoe.113.H cny}f(e paJJ.11 KOlba. T a11.a cnpeMajy w y.
llaJb KOJla4 KOjH llOCC y llPKBY Aa Hatl lbHM CBCllITCllHK
4HTa MOJIHT8y. Ceehy KOja je ropena Ha KOJia4y npcJJ.
llPKBOM nOCTaetthe y KOlbCKC jacne, a KOlbltMa JJ.3iY 11.a
nojeJJ,y cpeAlbH .neo 1<0Jia<1a 01<0 pyne. n
Bojb<Jgu11a. - .UoK ce KO.rt J y}f(Hl!X Cnoeetta jy}f(HO o.n
.Uy11aea u a To.nopoey cy6oTy np11pcljyjy npaee KOlbCKC
TPKC It KOib HMa Hapo4llTY ynory y KYJJTY Tl!X .llaHa H .QOK
11 y no11er.11e y 6yrapcKOj y IlO<ICTI<y TC CCAMHl.IC HAY 1<y1<epu,
Mac1<11pa11e pnTyantte n oeopKe, y Hapo.llJIO,\I eepoeaH>y
1<0,n Cp6a Y BojeOJlllllll cycpeheMo H KOH>a n jaxa<1a, asm
113 cy OHll HCBHAJb HBtl II Kpek.y ce caMO 11ohy. TaKe a cy
eep oealbll II KO}]. P yMyua, na tl KO.I], P yMyHa y llCT04HOj
Cp6ttj11.
Kon Cp6a y 6attaTy <111Taea npsa ceJJ,Mnrta ycKpwlbCr
nOCTa npoeo.tt1ma ce je y crpaxy O.ll • T110.11opat, a notter.tte
<1a1< 11 cneJJ,eha CCJJ.MHUa. Jbynn cy fo1m1 Kao once.QH)'Tll
crpaxoM. BcoMa jc pacnpocrpalbeHO eepoeatbC y ceeep--
110.'1 6 aHaTY I.ta t THO.QOp t y 11oli11Ma TC CCJJ.Ml1QC, a ttapo--
'lllTO y 11ok.11 yo•m •T11011.opou et HJlll t T110.ttopCKC cy6oTC.
jawe Ha 6e11y KOiby, OH caM o rpH)'T 6e.r111M <iapwaeo.'>!, na
1111e Kpoo 11oh. n Hoc11 11 opah11 nattau 11 lbHM 3BC<IH. H 3
CTpaxa 0.11 •Tno.nopa t y TOKy 4HT3.BC CC.IJ,MllllC HHje ce y
Kyli.H c~1ena nannTll CBCTROCT II 611ntl 611 y MpaKy y TOKY
<111Taee HOhH. Hapo<111To cy .neeoj Ke 611ne y crpaxy Tnx
11ohtt: yBC4C nc 6if CMCJIC lllUJOWTO 113Jla3HTH tl3 Kyhe.
Cmt llOCJlOBll y Ky k.tt MOpamt cy ce, y TOKY .QaHa, CBPWH·
Tl! Ha BpeMe. Ko 611 33K3CHllO, TOMC 611 T 110.1J,op KOilllTOM
cuora KOlba pa36tto npo30p a 11,era caMa nora3110. 113
crpaxa o.n T11011opa 11 lbCroenx KO!ba 11apo•nrro }f(CHCKe
1111cy c:Mcne .tta npeny.
nopc.11 THX Mcpa, npe11p11Ma11e cy 11 uapo•nrre Mcpe
yHanpcn 11.a ce on6paHe O.ll T110Aopa: panuje je 6110
o611 <1aj, y ceecpttoM EattaTy, 11a cc Jby.n.ajy 11a n oKnane .113.
nx 11e 611 OJJ,HCO • T110.11opt. Mnalj11 eek. 11 He 311ajy 33 nj
=====;;;; =====;;;; 46
o6111.1aj. Oornro je •T110.nop• mm •Teo.uop• 6erao OA
MJ.1p11ca 6eJJor nyKa, 11e1<a.11a cy ce cna •ICJha.11 Ha Oo1UI:ur,e
111m yo•m To.nopone cy6oTe Ma3aJrn 6cJmM 11y1<0M no
1.1c11y, rpyJJ.ttMa 11 Ta6a1111Ma, na H.o,pyr,ttc no TCJiy. Oco611To
cy Ma3a.l111 .Qeuy. 61mo je 1t onora: nowTo 11a no1ma.Qe
33JJ,CHC BllJbYWKC y BpaTa ll npo30 pe 0,tl, co6e r.ne ce
pyttaea, cee1<pea .na ceaKoj cuacH no 'lCCllO 6enor nyKa ita
11oc11 y ueny aa je ue 611 )].ltpao •T110.rtop •. Y JeJt11oj
np1moeel.llt, y KOjoj je o6pat)euo 6a11aTCKO 11apoJlHO eepo-
BalhC 0 tTOJlOpcKHM HOtbHMa •• IlO.ltlllbe ce H TO K31<0 cc Ha
001<Jla.D;C 4CJIO, .1tJJ3HO Bll II Ta6311ll M3>t<)' 6em1M Jl)'l<OM
nponrn BCWTlll( a It fTO,ll,Op 'lttfia . lfJIH •TOJlO PCl<HX KO!hlt • •
KOj11 nO'IHlhY .n:a 11.i:ty no ceny yee<1e 11a Gene no1<na.ue, a Jla
cc 11anacr 1<0ja je HaJ-t lllJJa OAarm1, Tpe6a y co611 336ocrn y
CTO HO>t< H BHJb)'lllK)' yHaKpcr. J) y n po30pc cc 3a.11eeajy
llO>t<CBH H BHJ'b)'WKC Aa 61t Teo.Qop o611wao Hy liy.
Ha1<0 m1je 6imo rora J:ta nojeiume Kyhe Jip>t<e CJ1aey u a
AaH ce. Tonopa, 11naK cy noceyAa y Kyha.'>la, y ceeep110.'>I
Ba11aTy, Ap>t<a.rrn 111<0 11e ce. Teo.l{opa. (HncaM BHACO tt
llKOllC, a o6aBCWTCll CaM A3 je TCOAOP npeACT3BJbCH K3KO
jauic Ha 6eny KOiby KOjH HMa UPll pen.)
Y cc ecp110M 6a11aTy (CpncKH Kpcryp, M0Kp1111) o6wrnj
je All ce JICBOjKe 11a •THOAOpcKy cy6oTy •, cy60Ty llPCJI
O oKJ1auc, yMneajy ll yn.rrnh y y IU1ett1muy poro3, cnycre
llJICTCHHUC 11113 Jiclja, 11.!l}' y urrany, na, Tp3ajyh11 KOHta 3a
pen, 113roeapajy pe411 KOje Tpc6a Aa Y41111C Aa llM KOCa
6yAC Ayra<ma K30 pen KOlhll (•T110.uopa •). A y OKOJillHll
Bpw1..1a (ceno H3611wTe) 11cKc >t<e11e n cpy rnaey n 4ClllJha-
jy KOCY y WTaJIH II 110BJI34C pen KOlbllMa Jia 611 HM KOCC
6HJIC eyra4KC Kao l\OlbCKil pen, a y llCKllM ApyrHM MCCTH-
Ma oner o6114aj je na ce 11a Tonopoey cy60Ty yonurre uc
4Clll.Sbajy 3fior TOAOpGUCKllX KO!ba.
,UoK cc y cceep110.'ol 6a11ary roeopn o ce. Tonopy Hao
jCAJiHOM HJIH rnaBHOM jaxa4y, KOjH - KOKO ce ecpyje y
ccny Bawa11J.l,y - HMa KOllHTC, KOA Cp6a y HCTO'lllOM
BauaTy (y Py~1y1111jn) 11 y jy>t<uo.'>I EauaT y 1JJ1a11a onuocuo
unauao je eemrn cTpax OA •ro.uopooa11a t 1rn1 t nonopoe-
"MKll<'Tll J""'11HI!.: M"Pflo • pe.oonco. Q(3,6p. 2J.4, 6culMA 19}S, 72-7S
CKHX KOtt.a •, KOjH H.UY nohy, H TO 6aw y llOJia 11oh11, II OJI
H>llX ce 4yjc crpawau TOllOT. 01111 cy CHJIOBllTH, 6ecmt
KO!bll , J.fay HOCCk.11 HCK3f<BC Jiattue. Ceupeno he cc OCBC-
THTll CB3KOMe KO cc orpcwu THX .na11a. ,Uauac j e OlllllTe
eepoea1be, yKOJIHKO ce iow yonlllTe J:l.P>KH aepoealbc y
TOAOpQBCKC KOH>C, .ua 01111 noce opal.IKC JiaHue. MeljymM,
M. Bna.nue y 3pelba.mmy Ka3Heao Mil jc .Qa cc 011 cc ha 113
ceor JleTl!lbCTBa Aa TOJIOpoBCKH KOlbH JICTC, a Ha lbllMa
jawy •ecwmuc • 11 ttpajy ttx Merna.'>!a. Hcf<y ynory y TOM
ecpoeaH.y - npe 'ICTJ)JICCCT ront111a - ttMane cy 11 bepuie.
Ma1bC-BlllllC np3311oaa1111 cy CBH A3Hll y TOKY npee
ce.uMllUe YCKpllllbCr n ocra, a Hapol.IHTO t TOAOpoe llCTaK•
11 •T o11opo ea cy6oTa • . Oea cy60'ra je npa311o ea11a TaKo
crporo All ce HC caMO 1mje llHWTil pa,1],11110 y 1101bY HHTH cy
me11c n penc, TKaJIC II en., HCro ce Tor JI3H3 1mje 'l3K HI!
Kyeano. )f{eHC HHCY npene HH TKane y TOKY \IHTilBC Ce.l{MH-
ue, jep 611 HM To.uopoeu KO!bll noKH.naJIH m11ue. Yeeqe
m11<0 11e w11j e. O p 11qan11 cy MH y ce.ny JaccHoey: jc.ruia
mcHa 6!111a y3e11a .na w11je 11yrMc Ha Cs. ToAopa, a OHO cc
paw11nano. Y3Me II lbCll My>I< Aa llOKyma, anu HI! OH 11u:je
ycnco: me Jl,a ce. To11op 1. npo30pu Tpe6a Jia ce Ao6po
3aMpal!e. H1rno He 611 CMCO 11a 3aMPKHe /l31l01by y TOKy TC
CCAMllUC, jep 611 ra 113ra.31tJlll To.uopos11 l<Olbll . .Ueuy 6H
KOlbll ra.3111111 n BYKJlll 01<0 Ky tle, na 6 11: HM upcea MCTllYJlll
Ha orpa.ay OKO Kylie. Cnp11j11 cy crpemum Tllx .na11a 3a
cnoje MJialje, na cy n 1.\\c 11 neuy n11aw1u111 Aa ue 611
H3Jl33HJia. 4eJha,I], cc H3jyrpa 113.\ \llje na CC.Ull Ha COKaKy,
qacre ce H eeccne. n p npeljyj y cc ccncn.Ke, am1 ca Mo no
npeA MpaK. Cse TO •'-1cpe3 T oAOpOeH 1w1ba • . Y HCf<HM
cpn cf<UM cen11Ma ( Koja cy CaJta y P yMy1m j 11), npe nc11ccc-
TaK romma, .neua cy cc Ao6po n oKpueana AYWCU11Ma Aa ce
6pa11e aKo 11a111jy •ronopoeu11 •. Kan cc yjyrpy ycraHe 11
Bii.QC OKO f<yhc Tparonn 011 KOllltTil, TO je 3H3K 11a cy 6Jrn11
•ronopoeu.11 1.
Kaf<O je BCJlllK crpax Olt TllX HOli.HHX f<Ol ba, 110Ka3ahe II
oe11 no.uau11. Y ,UynJbaju: cy MH Ka3u:ean11 KaKo cc .uewaea
.ua JbYJtll Y CHY ca1bajy .ua nx r ou c ll .aa 11x 611jy •ro.uopoe-
CKll KO/bit t . A y Jaceuony cy Mll 11cnp114an11 oso: jcAaH
'IOBCK 6110 y TOKY To.nopose HCAelbe HOhy c KO!bHMa y
===== 48 ====;;;;
nl'IBaJlH. J eAHe BC4CPll OH 33.KaCH!I. 8 11.aeo K3KO nyrcM
11cnpe.11 lbera 11.ae 1<o61111a. XTeo je .na je yxearn, an11 je
OHa CBC H3Mlll(aJia ll 33BCJ13 ra JlaJlCKO Ha .a:pyrn Kpaj cena.
CCTu ce OH .na je To,uopoaa cy60Ta ll 11a cy ro ro.uopoec1m
KOtb H, oceccru ce 11 npe1<pcn1, na ce epaT11 1<ylm cae
cpelia11 WTO m1 je yxaam o 1<0fomy.
H HKO HH je BH,!l,CO TC KOibe. 3a11111w.n.ajy ce Ha pa311e
11a41111e. l1111a 11x 11111oro (•tionop •), 11 ua Jb11Ma jawe •To-
.nap •, ce. T o.Qop. Heim eene na je Tnx 1<01b3 11eeeT, jenau
nopen Apyror, II .a.a cy t6eCHIU. HHUIT3 IUICY y111em1, y
cemt Ma OKO Bpwl{a, .r:ta Mii Ka»<y 0 6oju l<Oll>a HllTll 0
K3KBOM IlJl8WTY 118 j axa<Iy. Ca.v10 Ml! je jC.QH8 crapnua
(4ejllk1<a) 113 n aemnua, Hpaj Bpwua, Haa11nana na cy
1To.nopoell KOJbll • mm •TOJJ.Op-OBl-llt • epatm 11 .o:a cy 11a
lhl!Ma jaxa•m. Cella ce na je jc11a11 011 TllX jaxaqa ce.
Apxa111)eo, a 1t111e11a n,pyr11111a je 336opamtlla. A y ceny
n apm cy MH 1<3.:U!B3.Jlll Jta CY Tl! l<O!bll 6em1, 6e3 jaxa'la, H
.na l<O!bHM3. H3 H03,!1,pea 113611ja nJiaMCll.
. y OBOM .neny 6a11aTa, 113 crpaxa OJI TOJIOpoBC IHl X l<Olb3
npa3Hyjy ce 11 HCKOllll KH Jta1111 n oc11c To,!1,opoBe cy6oTe.
n o jc,!l,HOM caomuTClbY 113 cena Jaccuoua, 1<3.Jl npo~e
ACBeTH ,!l,3.11 (yropaK), 0 11.na H311Jla3C 01111 xpoMll II C3.K3.Tll
KO!bH llITO cy 33.0CTaJill (je p cy 01111 WTO Cy llllIJill y TOKy
ce,D,Ml!Qe 6 tt1111 3,ttpaeu) , a no ,ttpyro.\\ caon wTC!by, TaKol}e
113 J aceHoea, Tl! xpoMll II C3K3.Tll l<Olbll 11.IJ.Y OAM3.X 1138
ToLtopose cy6crrc na llO CJleLteke cpeLte; y ,UynSbajH eepy-
jy Ll3 Tll xpoMll KO lbll llllY 'lllTaey CCLtM llllY nocne TOLtO-
poec cy6oTc, a y n ae1111wy xpor.111 KOlt.11 11 c a JbHM a xpo.'1
.rtCLta no llMCHY .UaBllll HJlY y HOk11Ma cee llO 'ICTBpTKa
nocne To,ttopoec cy60're 11 crora ce •mTaea ,ttpyra ce,!lMHQa
yc1<pW!be r nocra 30BC fpo.\\a HC,!lC.IMU. H11 y TOKy TC
ce,!lMHQC HHjC CC PaJlllJIO. AKO 6 11 KO y TOKY Te CCllMllQC
33.JlOQHHO yee'le 1<ylrn, pa36oneo 6 11 ce. KoJt Cp6a y
Pyru1oj ( P y,\\y tt11ja) eepoeano ce je Lta y npeoj ceLtMHllll
yCKp lll!bCr n ocra HllY HOky 3Jtp3.BH TOLtOpoBCKll KO!b ll, a y
CJICLtek.oj CCJlMllQll )ta 11.ny xpOMll II JJ,a cy Ti! xpor.m MHOro
OflaCHl!jll HCrOJlll 3J1.pae 11. npeJtCTaBC 0 Xpo.l! HM KO!bHMa
eeh cy ce 113ry6ttnc y ceny JapKoeu:y: HCKH crap1.t11 cy cc
cefianu Lta cy c11ywan11 38 t' pm1y HeLteJDy•, an11 HH cy
3 UaJIU Bll llIC HllllITa.
BeoMa je pacnpocrpalbCll o611<Iaj KO.O: Cp6a 11 lhttXOettx
cyccr1a JJ,a ce na linaro&eCTH 111111 tta J epeM11j 1rn.na11 Ma ~11 j­
c1<11 TCpajy 3MHje H .upyre ra.nuc II llITCTllC }f{llBOilllbC. y
CCBCJ' HO.\\ Dana.Ty, MC~YTUM, 1<80 II y OK0.11111111 6corpaJta,
TO PaJ:tC Ha ll3.H CB. T o.nopa ( •T11011opat): }f{CHC ll3j}'TPa
pauo o611moe 01<0 1<yke, y11apajy ku y rencnje 11 roeopeh. 11 :
&u.Ult,tiftuUlt,UciaHujt,
/if,(Jugy11aJaPU<it!
Y Mo1<p11ny cy Mii 1<a:lllmu111 Jta T110.o:op, 11a 6eny 1<01by u
yeHjcu Y 6eno nnarno, y ACCnoj py1.t11 Apitm eapja•1y a y
ncnoj TCllCttj y, KOj y cy MY .nane if<CHC .na repa IJ1 338PllllC •!
A meHC cy OA H.e r a Hayo.rnn c TO llCTO, na TaKO Tepajy OKO
Kyke 1113.33.pm.te 1. nocne rora, mettc cy nanm1c oaTpe H
1<01<ane KyKypy3C. BepooaH>C Kojc caM 336eJJcm110 eek jc
11ope;.1ekc110 11 m1j e jac110 1<0 cy 11 WTa cy TC 111a33p11uc•:
O•ll!rJICJll!O JC .o:a •na33puuc • He ...\Ory TepaTH IJ1338P llQC I .
nttTalbC jell K3.K0 je llOWJlO JlO fIOMCpalba IJ1333. pll U3 t Ha
To11opo u y cy60Ty.
n o CCJI HMa OKO Bpwua npaBC y '13.CT TOAOj)OBCKHX
KOlba KOJ!a'le y BJ!JlY KOlbCl< ll X KOfillTa , II Te KOJta 'le 30BY
tTOJIOp'lllhm 111111 11\0nllTCI . npaee llX llB 6 11 CC YM IUIOCTll•
Bl!Jlll Tl! KO!bll .aa HC ra3C a 11ajy ce lICUll .113 llX n oie.IJ.Y 38
3,!1,paun.e l<Olba. npaee CC O.!t flllICllll'IHa 6pam tt a , a np11-
Jll lK0.11 ,11cmc1i,a 11e CMC cc ymrrpc6 HTll 01rnar11ja. Ha •Ko-
mtTO I cc y6onc 110 'ICTll Plt llO fICT 3pHa 1<y1<ypy3a: Ta 3p11a
llPCJtCT3B.lbajy l<JlllHllC ua llOTKO BH1l.3.,1rn. H CKJI CTaBJbaj y
11a KOJl3'1 Ufie fIOJIYKPYif< HC OTJICKC pace'ICllOM TpcKOM
(npece1<0.11), Koj n ll3r.11CLtajy KOO IKOfIHTC I . Pa1111je je 6110
o611'laj y ceny Jap1<oeQy (1<0Ba'l11<I1<11 cpe3) na cc 38 T oAO-
posy cy6oTy Mcce 1nec1<yp11ue 1 11 I KpcTIIK 1, na ce TO 'IHHH
II ca.na y ,\\llOrHM Kylia.11a. KpcraK je y BllllY l<pcTII: JIBa
y1<pwre11a KOMa,lla TeCTa. Tallo ce pagu u !lag ce Upupe/jyje
1Jagy')K{jw1a 1 Ja MpUiboia.
OJJ. 1111repcca cy H 11eKc no 1<an11e n ojeLtHU OCTH 113 Ba11a-
Ta. Y Bpwu:y caM 3a6e11cif<110 eepoaa!bC (ne k 3aHCMape110)
Lta cy ITOllOpoB UH I HCKH llllBihH KOlbH KOj 11 cc npeTeapa-
 jy y uewrnne, na H Hpo3 01,1a1<e ynax y 1<yke. Y PaJtHMHH
(HCT041111 EanaT, PyM yu11ja) 11a To.Qopoey cy6oTy ce je
neeana 11 tte1<a 11apo411Ta necMm.ta. •Ce. T 11onop• ce
.QOBO.QJI, y ceny Me11em.t11Ma, 113p114HTO y ee3y ca eellITH·
L{aMa: BHJbyWKe, l!Ol-Ke1111, M3Ka.3e II llP· 33..lleeajy ce y
epan 11 npooopc yO'"lil To.QopoBe cy6oTe na ce tta6ony
•T11onop • 111111 BCWTUL{e, aHO 611 JlOWJlll.
Y Bpwey 11 OKOmrn11, nojen1me l-Kettc .QOHoce Ha Tono-
poey cy6oTy HOJbltBO y llPKBy. Jlceoj1<a y311Ma y UPKBll
KOJh11Ba Oll Tpll YllOllllllC .Qa 611 ca1balla ceor cyl)eu ttKa.
Cm14Ha Bepoea1ba Kao y EaHaT)' cycpcliy ce 11 y Ea'"IKOj
" CpeMy. j ow ua n oKnaJtc Mamy .QCtlY 6e1111M 11y1<0M na
Hx He '6onei eewmue, a y npo30p 33Aeny e 11Jbyw1<y na He
noQy ecllfT11L{e. Y cc.QMHUH ncnpcll To.Qopoee cy6oTe
Tpe6a y 1<ytm cue Jla cc 01<pc'"l11, c11peM11 11 onaje. U ena T!I
ce}J,MHUa 30BC cc •Teo.nopoea HC.QCJbH { Kali.). y Ulaj1<a-
rny, Dypl)eey 11 rapwmoo1111Ma eepyjy na CB. ToJlOP jarne
Ha 6enoM KOEbY ca MCTflOM y pyw1, na TOM MCTnOM Ty4C
oHe JlOi\'lah.lll{C HOll 1<oj11x uaQc .na or,iaK 1rnje onajaH (ott kc
ra TO~! MCTn0.'11 o najarn). Y Kaky cc ecpyje .Qa Taj Teo.Qop,
1<oj 11 je HCBllAJMtu, 11.nc orp11yr 6emtM '"lapwaaoM 11 .Qa
HOCH na11al{. Ofot4110 JlOMalim1e najy 01,1a1<e yo4H Tor Jlana.
On Ky k e ce 1111 jc CMCJIO 11li11 lilt paHO Jl3jyTpa HttTll ce
3aJ1.PiKaeaTn ll3BaH Kyhe nocnc cyMpa1<a . .Ueuy cy nnarnn-
nn y THM CCJlllMa pc411Ma: •Eeo n}J,C CB. To.Qop Ha 6eJIO,\ol
KOiby. • H a T o.Qopoey cy60'ry .n.yn.ajy cc, y Kahy, y
cae43HllM xaJbl!HaMa. Tor Jt3.H3 >f<CHC HIKY pa.Q1tne.
Cp6u y 33JlaJl.HOj lia4HOj, OHO Co.\16opa, ech Ma.110 3n ajy
o ce. Teo.Qopy u lbCroe11M 1<01b11Ma. TaKo, y ce11y Cuelly
ror .nana pamtje me11c 1mcy paromc, jep •T eo.Qop 11e Jla •,
antt cy pa.QHJIC tta Mo6y 111cl)y co6o.\ol. Tor .itana tte 6u C.'llene
ypam m1, jcp he T eonop 11oh11 na he 04HCTHTll 01,18.H.
O opcn rora UJTO llPHBa cnpcMa KOJb11eo ua Tonopoey
cy6ory, 11 11011cKa 1<yka cnpc,v.a Hyeatty m11e11mzy 33 .Qcl{y.
n o cpcMCKl\M ccm1Ma ect. ce o\IWIO 3Ha 0 TOJlOpoBCKllM
KOlbllMa: 11a1tna3llO caM Ha crnp11L{e Hoje 0 TOMC ach HHCY
31111.JIC lli\WTa, Wi ii je y llCTOM CCJIY fowo JIHL{3. KOja cy
3Hana no11cu1TO 11 jow ecpouana . .UoK cc y jc.11110M o nucy
11apo.nm1x o6w-1aja 113 CpcMa llOMHlhY caMo OnWTH o6H4aj
• np1mpan!b31ba KOJbltBa 11a Teo.Qopoey cy6oTy 111111 Teo.no-
poe11uy 1t o6114aj .Qa y Taj .Qan paHo JlO.\olat.11lle nynajy y
Tc11c11 jc llJlyh11 no crajaMa Jla HC 611 611no a11mc •ranujc t
(3.\o\Hja),J' ja ca111 y ccny JlahapKy CJiywao, 1947, .na cc y
TOKY ce}J,11111L{C npcn Tonopoay cy6oTy 11c pm11 •4cpc3
11.>Cra ' • CB. To.Qopa, II .lt3 ce THX 11o k11 HC CMC llWlllTll
CBCTnOCT y Kyt.11. AKO je KO ynan11, 11a11k11 t.e CB. T o.Qop
Ha KOiby II 11ynan1 y npo:rop. y ceny lll11MaHOBL{HMa
cny wao caM Jla je •reo.Qopa • HWJIO Mttoro H .rta cy 0 11u
rope JbY.!tll a JtOJIC HM HOnltTC (llaKJJC lGIO KC11Ta yp11) . 36or
!bHX ce 1mjc c1o1cno PaJl.llTH. H a Tonopoay cy6oTy mi
JJ,a11ac ce !IC o6aen.ajy >f<CHCKlt nocnOBli y MHOrl!M KyhaMa
y CpcMy. Y ceny Boj1<11 cnpeMa UPKBa aape11y nrnettHllY
KOja cc JlCmt .Qel{1t, noUJTO cc np11'"1Ccre. :>Ke11e Koje ll.!lY
ror JJ,a11a y up1rny .Qa ce np114ccre 11oce nora4y na je .11ene
MC~y co6o.'ll II .QCL{Jl . BapelbC n w ettttl{C 1111jc ceyna y
o6114ajy. Ma3albC 6cJIHM nyHOM spwu cc 11a O o1<na.u.e.
H y sapowu CpeMCHHM Kapnom.t11Ma jow yacK cc
npa311y j y t To.uopoecKu nCTa1<• u •Tonopoec1<a cy6oTa • 11
cnpeMa cc fTOllOPODCKO KOJbllBO t. KOJbllBO cnpaan.a llP-
KBCHJ.l Tyrop y llCTaH H 0110 ce .QeJIH Tor Jlatta y llPKBll 0
•'laCOBHMa t . .UcaojKC, 1<0jc HHa\IC HC llJlY Ha 1.1acoee CCIII
Ha To.aopoectm nCTaK H Jl3../bC cpe;:tOM Ii TICTHOM y TOKY
yCKpWEbCr noc-ra, y311Majy Oll TOr KOJbl!Ba II Oll nora1.1e,
KOja cc llCJIH y llPKBll Kao WTO ce llCJIH ll nacl>opa. A.ntt,
TOr .itana 11c jc.Qy Ill! KOJbllBO HH nora4y, eek tta6aec jow
no Mano 1<0Jb1rna Oll TPH Y.IIOBHL{c. Yee'"le .aeeojKa crae11
TO cec llOll rnaey, na he CHHBaTH cyl)enor, 11 C)'TpaJlaH, y
cy6oT)', nojcwhe ro KOJbHBO.
BcpoealbC y TOJlOpoBCKC KOlbC, Kao II Ml!Ora .Qp yra
11pc>KHBC11a ecpoealba 11 o6n'"lajH, Harno ce ry6e. Hccraja-
lbY lhHl<OBy 11onp11ttoce, nopc.n KYJITYPHOr ttanperKa, 11
3Jloynorpe6e KOje cy epwe11c. n ocayna no Bojso.QHH11 ce
np114a HaKO cy nojC.QHllUH orp-rarm ll.llaWT II HOCllJlll JIQH•
L{C ,!lQ 611 33UJl3WllJIH KOra llJlll .na 611 ll3Bplll11Jlll Kpa~y.
On<p11ealbC T!IKBllX npceapa cna611J10 je oima aepoeaibC y
TOJJ.OpQBCKC KOibC, BClllTllL{C II .QP.
"MK-.. l>. W-h= )l(a..,.. a o6oi-i" ' " - - · r.>.:1 <l>p}'IUJ<OIO r- .
CE3,LIV, ~l9l9,9l.
=========== s2 ===========
PyMy11u. - 11 KOJJ. PyMyHa 6arn Ha T o11o_poey q~y ll•
,!l,a tte OKO lbC epwe ce pa3HOBJ>Cllll o61!43Jil II BC3YJY 33
JbllX pa3Ha eepoeatba. Y TOM I10r11e.t1.y nM a 11e1mx pa3Jnrna
HJMcljy PyMy11a 11a ,!J,cc11oj crpa1111 llyuaea, y Cpfo1j11, 11
Mace pyM}'HC1<0r uapona 11a nceoj crpa1111 .Uy11aea. T e
p3.3JIHKC cy 11e:man1c, a.rm cy 3aTO eemme pa:1mm_e y
nopel]elhy o6H4aja 11 eepoea1b3. KO.It PyMy11a y Cp6111 11 c
o6114ajHMa 11 eepoea1b11Ma K0.!1 1b11Ma cycc.11Hux Cp6a.
O•mrneJJ.110 je JJ.3 Bnac1-1 11m1 PyM}'lut y ceBepo11crot111oj
Cp611j 11 m1cy TC o611•1ajc 11 eepoealhll np11M111111 Oll ceoj11x
ca.uamlbHX cyce.ua Cp6a 11ero na cy nx JJ.OHe.rm co6oM
.no11a3Ck.tt y Cp611jy y TOKY XVJJJ n XIX BCKa.
B;rncn (P yMy1111 ) y ccecpo11cT041mj Cp611j11 <utTaey np·
ey CC)].MHQY ycKpw1bCr nocra Joey •Cc11 Tol}epH '· 0
n oKJiaita"-a cnpe~rnj y 11apo<1HTC mne n uane eem1He eaTpe
33 OllC IIOKOjHHKC 1<0j 11 cy YM PJlll TC ro.n1111e 6e3 ceetic.
TcK OJl )'TOpHa 11acraje nocr. A1111, y TOHY •rnr.rne Te
ceJJ,Ml!Qe 11che 1111 Bnax 1111 Bnax111ba 111m1Ta .!l,a P3Jl:C, 'lm•I
3al)e cyttQe, jep ce 6oje •ce11wl)epa •. To cy 11eKaKBa 6nha
KOja n;:iy Ha KO!blfMa H lhYLtHMa l.JllHC 3Jla. 36or Tora TllX
.!l.aHa YBC'IC 11chc Hllr.ne na H3Jla3C 113 Hyhe, a y Kyh11 YBC'IC
11eke 'laH 1111 o na11He .na nonpasJLajy, eek u TO ocranJLajy
na ypaJ1:e KaJt 3anenajy neTn11 .JS H e pa.!t,n ce jep tecHTOl)e-
p11t O.Dj'311Majy naMeT 01111.'t3 HojH TaJta pane.J6 H .\\a KOJl
PyMyua y Cp611j11 11 np11'la o TO.\IC HaHo je Bnaxmba cnaJJa
11ajnpe nacropKy y BOJlCHHity, na nOCJ?e 11 hepKy, aJJ11
CCllTOl)epH y Bl!JJ.Y M3\IKC y.namrn11 kepHy Hoja jc .Mena II
npena y BO.!l.CHl!l.Uf a O.!l.ryp11yna Ma'IHY Hait joj jc 11p11w11a.
Cc11rol)ep11 joj H3BaJI.itnll llPCBa II OCHOIJaJIU Ila nncrry OKO
BO.!l,CHl!QC.J 7
Ko.!t. PyM)>Ha y P yMy1111j 11 o611'laj je, y HCHllM HpajcBllMa,
Jla ce ua T oJiopoey cy6ary c npeMa HOJbllBO, 11 - Hao WTO
caM eeh nO.\\CH YO - 110CT3H3K TOr o611'1aja o6jaWlhllB3 cc
nercHJlO,\\ Kao 11 HO.!l. Cp6a. Bepyje cc Jta je .ao6po Jia cc TO
H..:;r~\:;.,!;::'!;~~:~~:OO~;)'.;::.r~.":;ro;:inor'..~ ',~~,...;=~~
Kp&jMHC, ll ,licarpul9l0,107.
.. M. CrsH<!j.,,.Mh : ... O>ll. MCf)'.
" T . P. DopljewNh: N... JI0.10,Sl-¥J.
=========== sl ===========
KOJbllBO jC,il,C llJ)CKO ro,il,llllC npoTl!B rpo31111UC .JI .Ua11 CB.
To.!t,opa cc neoMa npa:myjc: KO cc ycy,il,11 na pa,rJ,11Tor11a11a
!IC CaMO .rta ke 6m11 ll pQKJlCT Oil, CB. T o,il,opa I! na kc MY
YTPllY'rll py1<e, BCk MY cc MOmc naKo ,!J;CCl!Tll ,[),a ra ll3YJl3-
pajy u y6 ujy KOJbll en. Tonopa. 19 Bcpyje cc ,rJ,a en. T onop
11Ma KOibe Hoje OJl TOr .na11a 113B0Jlll Ha naw y. T11 KO!blf cy
BC0,\13 31111, 11apo'l!!TO npeMa JlCBOjmwa HOje llC 11pa.311yjy
,aau !bllXOB 11 lbuxoea rocnoJtapa: TYHY 11x 11 r aae uoraMa
AO CMP'fll . Y6ujaj y 11 11euown:11e . .Ua ce cnacc on TOitopon-
CHllX KOlba, Ypc6a .rta ce 3aTBOpe epaTa II .aa cc CTBap11 y
E<yku OHPCllY HaonaHo, c OTBOpoM 11a,11one. • 0
O Ca. To.nopy c1U1anajy cc, oco61rro y Tpa11c111ma11ttj11
ll Ba11aTy, no6paT11MCTBa I! llOCCCTpllMCTBa II npnpel)yjy
ce, oco6nro y M y11Te1m j11, HOlbCHC T])HC. 06w-iaj jc Jla Ha
,11a11 ca. To,11opa, npc cy11<1eea H3Jlaci<a H npe 11cro wro ce.
To,!lop 11crcpa KOtbC Ha nawy, lhYJlll 11 >t<euc nepy r nae e
na 611 11111 1<oca npcHo roJI1111e pacna 6p30 ll 6ima nyra<11<a 11
.r1c11a (no ,il,pyroM caonwTe11>y, TO 'lllHC na 11111 1<011>11 11e 6H
11ojc1m 1<ocy). Y no,ay 1<ojoM fie npaTll r nany craeJLajy
pa3HC Mllpttcaec Tpaac, Mel)y KOj11~ia H rnemmy Tpasy • .
1
~~~11;~;~::':~,~ ~n~~~3::a;~J~ ~11~:?y H:ajH~~ ~~n:
11
c o. T o.rtopa Jl3 HM nonap n HllHC HOJlllHll cy II penOBll y
1<o611na. O Ce. Tonopy 3acrp1133jy poraTOj crouu DJ1aHe
n3Mel)y 11 OHO porona, 3aceuajy n pxoee poroaa, a KOH.11,\\a
noJJ,pc3yjy rpHey, pen 11 JJ.J13KY ua \ICJJ Y 11 11oraMa. Cec TO
.na 6 u nM JlJlaKc pacnc neke 11 11e11we. Ocrpmt<cHy JJ.JJaKy
Me hy y Mpas1111>aK ,11a cc croHa rojtt u na 6y,il,c x nYpa Hao
Mp3Bll.oi n opeJl CBCra TOra, LJ;CBCT BC'ICpll npc C.B. ToitO-
pa ce 11e npene Jta 11e Tp11 y pyKe ll Jl3 cc 11e ,il,o6111e 6onecr
o'l11jy; ,rJ,ee ojt<e Hoje >t<ene ,rJ,a ycu y ceor cyl)e1mHa, Mttjy
rnany 11 crane cy,!l y HojeM cy npane KOCY nOJl KpcBCT a
"ICIUJbt'BC nOJl prnaBJbC; ca.n11 ce 6en11 nyK na 611 nopa-
crao a en11H; 111yrn1<apu11 11e llJIY 11a Tonopoay cy60Ty y
" J:manoil Eldl<1'11:SCU : C..n <> N•• mului, 111. Vil•nii do Monte t91J ,67-6S' S. f>l
Mori1n:HOOOH .MCf)'.
"S. R Morion: NU. :i<ll(>, l7-JS
::{::::::}-;;4::
 myMy J],3 UM ce !IC 611 JtCCllJl3 K3KB3 HCCpeha; HC npe}].C cc,
11e KOna Ct', jep JlHBJbC 3BCpll J],0Jla3C J],0 Kyhe, II OHJ],3
.'IHQC KOj c pa.a.11 npe311py CBI! y ceny y TOKY 411T3BC
romme; ecpyjc cc ,!lace. Tonop .!lP>fO! l)aeona 33 1<ocy.•z
Y Ep,!leJby (HalmaS:iu) jc o611<1aj ml ce 11a To,nopoey
cy6oTy OJ],pmaea eemm sarnap, 1<oj 11 ce 30ec Jby6ae1111 mm
H eeCCTllllCKH earnap, jep ,!lOJia3C 11 3 OKOJJllHC HCBCCTC .ti.a
Sby6e pol)a1<e, no311a11111<e, na 11 crpa11Qc, a 01111 11x nap11ea-
j y llOBQCM. 0
CpiicKo-pyMyHCKa 1ipu11a o iUogopobcKWf KOH>UMa. - Kao
o6ja1111bClbC 11 1<ao 11apomm o6p33.>lO>f<ClbC npa:i11oeafby
To}].opoee cy6oTc 11 336pa1m npene1bll y epeMe t<a.i::ta 1my
•TO,nopoec1<11 1<ofb11 •, Py.1ty1111 11 eojeol]a11c1<11 Cp611 m1ajy
oco611Ty np11<1y.
n o pyMy11c1<oj np11<111, .!lCBCT nceo ja1<a 113 je,!111or cena
OTHlWIC cy, y cpeay 11aee<1c, y o6JI1f}f(fblf MJJHH J],a npeL1y.
01<0 nOJia 11ohtt nojammo ce jc llCBCT nenttx MJJaJ].ttfia, aim
ca ecm11<11M 3y6ttMa, a .na m1jCJ].Ha 1111je BltJ],eJJa 1<y.ua cy
OHH YlW!ll. HajMa1ba o.n 11eeoja1<a, 6y,nyhu .ti.a jc forna
11aj<111lllha, IJUJ],CJl3 je na TH Mnanutm HMajy HC caMO
eenttt<C 3y6e 11ero .na 11Maj y 11 penoec H3Mel)y 11ory. Ilpc-
nnamuna cc. H e r oaopetm HllKOMC HI! pc•m, OTHllIJJa je
Kyhtt. Maj 1rn joj , 1<a,t1, jc <1 yna wn joj jc licp1<a mt.nena y
MJll!lly, npeepHyJia je y t<ytm CBC Cy}].OBC 11aona1<0, c
yCTJ1Ma 11aL1011e. 811.D,d\11 na TC .ncooj1<c 11cMa na ce epaT11,
MJJa;J.nh11 cc npeTaopuwe y t<OlbC H no<1ewe .D,a ra3C 11
6auaj y .neeoj1<c no Mmmy. H aj.Ja.Q 11M Ltpeea oMOTawe 01<0
epereua. 01ma 1<pe11y .u.a y611 jy 11 011y llITO jc 611na OT11-
lllJ1a. H al}omc apar.t 33TBOpe11a. H a fhllXOBO L10311eaH.e
11111<0 He o.D,roeapamc. A 1111cy 111orn11 11a yl)y ca11111, jep cy
cy.0:0011 611n 11 npeep11yr11 . 3ancearne y TO 11 nCTnoe11, 11
1<ofb11 ca. Tonopa onowe Qlp1<fiyfi11 11 pmyk11, a .!Ieeoj1<a
~e 3,!l,paea 11 <111Taea. u
3a6ene>f<e11a jc, pam1je, cpnc1<a np1moeCTKa 113 CpeMa
1<ao o6jaw1bC1bC TOMe 33WTO je yw no y o611<1aj na cc He
npe.!Ie yo•m Ce. T onopa. Jena1myr yo<111 Ce. T onopa
"E.lilor1erncu:H•OOH. .-.ay.
••S. tl . Moriut.: 11&00H. JO<cTy.
••S. RMari ... : HH .....'I0, • 7-4.
6imc ,tl,OWJIC 1rB03.!ICH3y6e • y BlfJl.Y MO.'l\aKa (amt ca 1<03-
j HM 11oraMa) tta npeno. Jc.u11a .ueeoj1<a e11.n.ena KO cy 01111
33npaeo u no3eana 11 ceojy cecrpy .ua 1my 1<yli11. Jb11x .o:ec
cy ce cnacnc, a ocrane nceoj1<e cy 3y611Ma no1<nauc. (Y
np11411 jc u MOTiie o Ap11jaJIHHHOM 1<011uy.)• 5 BapHiaHTY TC
npu4e cny wao ca.v. 11 ja jorn 1948. y ceny lll11Ma11oeu11Ma:
reo.o:op11 (y e11.n.y 1<cHTaypa) 6im11 llOlWIH Mel)y .neeoj1<e Ha
npeno. j e.0:11a 6a6a ce CCTl!Jla na 0Kpe11y1ia epere110 11aona-
1<0. T a1<0 cy ce cnacne. A yj yrpy, 01<0 1<yhe cy ce e1me.1111 y
cucry Tparoe 11 o.u. 1<on11Ta. ( Ea6a 1<oja MH je TO np11<1ana
1<a:i11eana •" II je 1<a1<0 cy Ha To,t1,opoey cy60'ry yonUITC
113Jla311JIC .ua rnc}].ajy Tpar oee 1<on11n 01<0 Kylie.) Ilp11<1a jc
no311an 11 6a11aTC1<11M Cp611Ma. Y ceny n aeJUuuy ca111
cnyrnao: ua npeno cy no1wrn TOJiopoec1<11 1<01b11 y 1m.ny
MOMat<a. Jenna 1tceoj1<a 6ima noeena Ha npeJIO 11 cnojy
cecrpy, /lCBOj<11tuy, It Ta .!ICBOj <111ua je cna3ttlla y MOMat<a
KOnHTC II TO K33aJl3 CCCTpH. lleeoj 1<a XTCJJa t<Yhtt, aJIH joj
1.1to.\\Qltt 1111cy JlaJJ H. Yecpaeana HX na lie onCT ,t1,ofi11 11
1<ao 3anory naiia 11M cc.Q>epu11c. Ka.n je 1<a:iana po.o:mcn.11-
Ma ,!la cy Ha npcno .UOWJlll. fTO,!J.OpoBCKH t<Olbll -. Olla jc
OCTaJJa 1<0/l KYkC ll y }f(HBOTy, jep cy •TO.!IOpoBCl<ll KOlblU
pacrprn11 cec .a.pyr e .uceoj1<e, a fbOj cy nocne ,t1,011cm1 lhCllC
ce<l>cp1rne y3 pc<111: 1Ha •iacr TH ce<t>cp111111! • 3 a npeMe
AOK cy cc 6aemrn y lbCHOj Kyfiu, ttcnpcrypanH cy CBC
cynoec. A ~011 Cp6a y HCT0<1110M EattaTy (ccno Py.!IHa, y
PyMy1111j11) 11p11<1a ce 1<a1<0 cy uc1<e J].eeoj1<e ceJ].ene yee <1e H
BC3JIC .!10 llCKO Jlo6a 11ofi11, na ITO.!IOpoeam l<Ofbll I npoea-
JllUlll eparn, yuum It IlOl<H.!laJlll BC3 J],CBOjt<aMa II Jlo6po ltX
nora:mn 11 Lia cy UM ocra.ri11 no TCJI Y 6enC31l OJ], 1<0nHTa.
IV 3ABPWHO PACMATPA!bE
Ceu o611<1aj11, '"al)11j c1<e PlUlH><! H eepoeafbll 1<oj 11 ce
0.!l.HOCC Ha T oL1opoey cy6oTy II AaHC OKO fbC (KOJbllBO,
KYJITHll xne6om1, epa4afbll 33 IlJIO)lHOCT >f<Clta II CTOKC,
•• Jl.u.illt ll~Mh : Cp~ HapoJUt< npHno•><TI«. JlMC, CXXX IX, ll<>t1M
Cu;, 1&8', 102-101.
 raTa.tba, ecpoeaH.a y 3Ml! jc, noeop1<c KOlba 11 p1nya.o111c
noeop1<c JbYAH, eepoeatt.a o nyminy 11 6ec111rny, llT.!1.)
HMaj y Ta.KO j acHa XTOllCKa II 3.HltMllCTlllll<O-Ma1mcr11•1Ka
o6e11e)t<ja .na TO •ia1< 1111je n0Tpc6110 1111 uapo<mTo o6ja111-
1t.aB3.TH H .!I01<aa11eaT11. HHcaM y .'!loryk110CTJ1 .r:ta yna:mM y
pacMaTJ)aH.e ceHx n o j e.r:tHHOCTH 113 o611'laja o T o,!1.opoeoj
CCAMHl.lll H cy60'rH II 113 n pe.!ICTaBa 0 TO.ll.OJ)OBCHl!,'o\ l<Oibll-
M3.. Ocep11yky ce caMO 11a 11e1<c u 11a11cn1 11e1<0JI11HC 11ano-
MC11e, II TO y OHOj MCpll KOJlllKO Mii ic TO ,'o\or y ti.11 0,
o6:mpoM Ha TO .!la llllC3.M crpy'ltt.a.K 33. y n ope.11.11y 11ay1<y 0
pe;mmj11 11 .!la MH 1mje np11cryna•rna 1111 n0Tpe611a crpy'l-
Hll Jll!TepaTypa 113 TC 06JlaCTll. 33..Qp)t<al\.y ce llCWTO BllWC
1111 OHHM CJICMCHTllM3. KOjH ke y eelioj MCPll no.'!!OkH .!lace
n o 1<ai+ce eeaa H3Meljy TP3.'ll<Or l<OH.3.llHl<3. II .!13.HaWlbll X
npe.r:tcrasa 0 CB. T o.11.opy llJlli TOAOpGBC!(Jl,'!\ l<OlbllJl\a Kao
6 11li11Ma 113 CBCTa MPTB llX, Ha OHllM enC.'!!CHTl!Ma liOi11 cc
cycpe!iy jerumo 11a rep11rop11j11 Ha Kojoj cy 11c1<ana i+c11-
een11 Tpaqa.1111 ( i!CT0'-11111 .!ICO EaJJKaHCKOr nOJiyocrpea Kao
11 reop11Top11ja PyM y1 111je 11 Ea11aTa, r.11.c cy i+c1mcm1 Tpa-
•iauuMa cpo.rum f eT11 11 )la qa.1111) 11 KOj11 ce, sch n cror a,
Mory CMaTpaTH eneMCHTl!Ma KOjH cy ce O,!!,pi+cam1 KOJl.
Tpalla11 c1mx nOTo.1iaKa u 11acnewrnKa, H3.KO je caM11x Tpa-
•ia11a Kao 11apo,!1.a 11eCTa110. TaKBllX eneMemrra HMa MHOro
l<Oll .!laHaWlbllX 6anKaHCKllX CTaHOBHllK3.
n o wTo ce yrnaa u o.\\ ca.Moy 0110M llCJlY 6anKa11a r.!le cy
HCKa.r:ta i+c11eem1 Tpaq a.1111 11 1b11Ma cpo,!l,Ha rn1cMe11a epwe
o611qaj11 11 O.!lp»<aeajy eepoeatba Hoja y ce611 ca,n,pi+ce
MapaKTCPllCTll'lllC CJICMCHTC ll3 Tp3.<i3HCKllX npC.!ICT3B3 0
lhllXOBy xepocy Ha KOib y, O'IHrJICllHO jc A3. nocroj11 6m1-
CKa y11yraplba BC33 113MCl)y TllX Tpa'!a!ICKliX npe,!l,CT3B3 0
Tpa'IK0."1 KOlballlll<Y llJlll xepocy H ca epeMCllllX jyJt<HOCJIO-
neHCKO-PYMYHCKHX o611<1aja II eepoBatba 0 CB. To.!lopy.
rnae1111 aTJ)116yr11 npa<1Kor xepoja• cy KOib, 3.¥111ja 11
nae. Te 11cre .i+c1mOT1111>e, a y npeoM pe.!ly KOib , 111o1aj y
epno 311a<1aj11y yn o r y 11 y Kpy r y o611'1aja 11 uepoRatt.a Koj11
ce epwc o To.!lopouo j cy6oru 11 y 1<0MllJIC1<cy npc.ncraea o
Cll. T o.nopy II TOAOpGBCKllM KOlbUMa. T o n o.nyAapaH.e II y
TOJillKOj MCpll !IC MO>f<C llHK3.KO 6HTn o611<111a CJiy'laj110CT.
Tpa•11<11 xepoc IUlll HOH.3.HHI< jawe 11a KOiby, KOjn je
o6n'IHO y TpHy, a ca HO!ballllHa ce nenpwa xnaMJIJJ.a; ca
11eBH,!J,Jbl!BOr 11oh11o r jaxa<1a H3KO cc OH 33MHWJb3 y Eaaa-
TY TaKol)e ce ..nenpwa no1<poe. n o 6yrapc1<oj 11 llCTO'IHoj
Cp6uj11, ACJmM 1t<1110 11 y Ma1<c.1to1111ju, Mecro 11cBHJlJbll-
enx HOlbCKHx nonop1<11 11 jaxa<1a, np11peljyjy ce npase
n oeop1<e jaxa'la 11a K01b11Ma 11 TpKe. H a pe.lbCcl>nMa Tpa<1-
KOr l<Oib3.HHl<3. epno 'lecTO je npe.r:tCTaBJbell3. II 3MHja, ally
11aw11.\\ caepeMenu.\\ o611'1aj111o1a 11 ecponalb11Ma o To,!!,opo-
aoj cy6oru 3M11ja 11rpa ecnnHy ynory. Ilo u cme je 11a
J>ClbCci>Y Tpa'IHOr KOlballllHa npe.!ICTaBJbCll II nae, a H KO.It
11ac nae nMa 11e1<y ynory y Kpyry o611•1aja 11 ecpoeatba o
TO.!IOpoeoj cy60T1t. To cy rnan11a no.!ly.!lapa1ba. Kao IIITO
caM eek noMettyo, Tpa<11<ll KOlbaHl!K 11n11 x epoc no cn11M
CBOjH,\\ o6cnci+cj11Ma jc XTOllCKO 6oi+caUCTBO llJIH .!ICMOH.
4111t.Ctllll(3. .!la ce y 11apo,!l,Hoj BCpll 6anHaHCKHX 113.p().!la,
II TO C3.MO KOA OllllX lbll XOBllX .!IC.'IOBa HOjll l+CHBC 113
3CMJbHlllTY 11e1<a,!l,aw1b11x Tpa<1a11a, cycpe h y Malj11jc1<e u
eepcKc npe,!l,craae 1<oje cy neoMa CJill'IHC ca npc.!lcraBaMa
WTO cy 113.WJIC lt3paaa y p c!becl>11Ma TP3'1KOr K0lb3.HHI<a,
.!IOBOJb/IC cy .!13. onpan.!laj y 33.KJby'lal< .na y ,!l,3.H3.WlbHM
o611'laj11Ma 11 eepoealbHMa, 1<0j11 ce ee3yjy 33 cs. To,!!,opa,
BllJ'.lllMO eepc1<e 11 MaljujcKC npe.r:tcraee 11c1<au,aw1b11X Tpa-
•ia11a. T1t o611<1aj11 11 eepoea1b3. 11Majy ceoj11x a11311ornja 11
KO.It ,!!,pyrmc 11apo.!la, aJJH y o6Jl111<y y 1<0.'11 .r:tan ac n ocroje,
01111 cy cyn11we 1<apaKTCp11CT11'11111 33 n 0Mc11yry rep1rrop11-
jy: 01111 cy 11a lbOj .!lo6il1111 caoj o6.nut<, MaAa .r:taJbC nope-
t<no eo.ne 113 ~111oro crap u j11x npe.!lcraBa o 1o1alj11j 11 11 a1111-
MH3."ly, KOje cy 3ajemm•11<e rOTOBO <IHTRBOM JbYJ'.lCl<OM
pG.!ly.
Bpno je 311a<1aj110 .!la 1111 n o31111je CTilll<!Ke npo1o1c11e KOje
cy 0pwe11c Ha 6aJJ1<a11 y y TOKy CKOpo .!IBC Xll.Jb3JlC f'O.!ll!Ha
llHCY caCB llM YHlllllTllJIC CJleMeHTC 11er .r:tallllbe Tp3'l3HC1<e
1<ynTypc. Hapo<1HTO je 311a<1aj 110 .!13. cy Cnoac1111 npenna-
BltJlll ll llCr .!13WlbY Tpa<ial!CHY II llJll!pcKy TCp11rop11jy,
Ta.HO AR ll3rJIC,!l,a 1<3.0 .r:ta BliWC HCMa crape CTHll<!KC rpaH!l-
LIC . McljyT HM, 0113 ce MOl+CC II .!13.113.C ,!l,a llll.!111: Olla je y
pa3Jllll<3Ma y MHOrnM ycra1tOB3Ma II o6u'1aj 111o1a KOJ:l OHllX
Jyi+c 1111x Cnone11a 1<oj 11 ca.ua i+cllBC 11a u er .!laWH.eM Tpa<1a11-
c1<0M O.llHOCHO Hm1pcKOM TJiy. H npe.!lcraec o n oeopHaMa
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= ss ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
MPTBllX y BHJlY KOlba II p11Tyan11c llOBOpKC jaxa<i.a orpaHH-
4CllC cy yrnae uo.'" ca,,10 ua 11crna1111by Tpa<1.a11cKy TepuTO-
p11jy. C JJ.pyre crpauc, ' llllbCHlll(a na 11cra eepoealba no-
croje HOll pa:nmx cycemmx 11apo.na (Py111y11a 11 11cro•mor
llCJla Jy)f(mtx Cnoeeua) je.nau je on JlOKa:Ja na cy ce m
p33J1114HTH 11apoi:t11 pa3e11jan 11 11a 33je,!l,11114KO.'ll. eTHH'IKO.'I\
cyncrpaTy. 0 Toj <1.111i,e1111u11 1111je cc eo;:umo 11oeoJbHO
f:~~=J:C:e~:~~~;e :~J~c;:!:a: ~:~·.1~~:
6 0
en111•rnor cyncrpan y e-r11oro11Hj11 noje,!111tt11x 11apona, 11 o
TOMC lie cc MOpaTll .na BOJ:lll BIUUC pa<1y 11a II HOJl Hae.
Kao wro caM noMenyo, npaeocnaeHa u;pKea npa311yje
ycnO.'l\CHY Ha CB. Teo,!l,opa T11po11a ,!l,B30YT y TOKY ro111-111e:
17. ¢>e6pyapa no crapo111 1<aneHJ:lapy 11 y npsy cy6oTY y
ycKpWlbeM nocry . Bear.ta je 3Ha'laj110 .µ,a 33 17. $e6pyap
mtcy y uapoJly no311am lll!HaKBH o6w-iajH ll eepoealba y
om1ocy Ha CB. To,t1,opa, a HMa BX Ta.KO MHOro 01<0 To.nopo-
Be cy6oTc, 1<oja je no1<pCTaH npa311Hl< tl MOJ.KC 11a na.nii:e H
y nponehe. Bell osa ucraTtlBlla T.ltllbeHtlQa .na ce 3a 17.
cj:Je6pyap, 11cno1<pCTHH npa.3Htll< cs . To.nopa KOjH na.ua y
TOKY 3HMC, !IC BC3yjy y 11apo11y fllll<3l<BH o6ttttajtl HH
scposa1ba, uaj6oJMl je ll0K33 lla H CBC OHO lllTO ce pa.uH Ha
To.noposy cy6ary H y .nauc 01<0 lbe 11e BOllH nope1<no H.'.l
up1<seHor m1m0Ta Hero .na cy TO npacraptt o6 ttT.1ajH, Ma-
l;ttjc1<c pa.ulbC ii eepoea1b3. UITO cy BpllICHH y HCKH npe-
xp11wha11c1<11 npa.3HHK 1<pajeM 3HMC rum TIOT.ICTl<OM nponc-
ha. Ca npHM31bCM xptt wha11CTBa II yeol)elbeM KYJITa CB.
T o.nopa HCKH o.n THX o611T.1aja, pantha 11 eepoeatha ee:m.rm
cy ce 33 lbCroB npa.31Hll<, 1131<0 npBo611THO llHCY llMaJlll c
lbHM 11111<a1<ee ee3C, jep cy crap11j 11 H o.n ca>,1or xp11whaH-
CTBa, a 11e1<1-1 cy ce ee3a.JJ11 33 .npyrc npa.3Hn1<e. np11Mepa
paJIU Haeewky caMo CJJyT.1aj ca Mal)11jc1<HM PaJUbaMa pa.n11
npe.aoxpaue OJI 3Ml!ja y TOKY I'0.11.HHC. T o je eeo."a pacnpo-
crpaH.Cu o611T.1aj, 1<oj11 je He1<a.ua BPIIICH csyna eepoeam o
y ucro epeMe, a ca11a ce Her.ae epllIH Ha M.na.ueHue (9.
Mapn), uer nc Ha 6naroeecm (25. Mapn), Herne ua Jla.33-
peey cyficrry, a 11aj•1ewt>e Ha .n.aH ce. JepeMHje (I. Maja).
Ha pa3611jalbC npeo611T1mx 1<0M0J1C1<ca on o6nT.1a ja tl
eeposa1t.a o 11er.aaw1bHM npa3UtlUHMa Morno je form on
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= s• ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
yr111.1aja 11 TO lllTO cy npa311111.111 Tpajam1 T.leCTo u no smue
na11a, o.n. <1cra 11Ma .uocra Tparosa 11 wiHac. Bp;10 je oepo-
eaTuo .n.a je npa.3Hlll< npa•11<or xepoja •, 1<oj11 je curypHO
nOCTOjao, 1111<ol)e nanao y nponehe, na je TPaiao 11e1<ommo
wina tl .n.a je To.nopoea cy6ora It.Croe 11acne,1um1<. Y
np1t11or oee npeTnocrae1<e roeop11 tl ro wro ce11 3M11jc1<11
npa.3HHUtl 1<0.u caspeMeHHx J y>1<n11x Cnosetta nanajy y
npo.neke, a 3M11ja je 611na n jenaH on rnae1111x upn6yn.
tTpaT.11<or xepoja •.
Ko1b11 11 KOlb3HH1.t11 cy 3HaT.1ajm1 ene."eHT11 y crap11M
TPST.1aHc1<11M eepc1<11." npeJicranaMa 1<ao " y npencrana.Ma
KO.O: na11aI1IlhllX 6yrapa, PyMyHa u HCTO'iHHX Cp6a. Tpa-
T.ISHCKC npencrase cy HaM 1103UaTe ca1110 .O:CJIHMUT.IHO u
nocpe.uno, 1<po3 pe1bC<lme npe.acraee TpaT.11<or KOthaHllKa
IUIH xepoca. HacynpOT TOMe, o npc.ncraea111a KO.It caspeMe-
1111x Cp6a, 6yrapa H PyMyHa o KOlh11Ma 11 jaxaT.ltJMa y ee311
ca 1<Y.1tTOM ca. Teo1.1:opa Tupoua pacnOJJameMo ca AOCTa
noy311aue rpal)e. npeo wTo y roj rpal)tJ na.ua y o<rn jecre
.na je Tepwropuja Ha 1<ojoj AaHac J.KttBC npc11cranc o 11e-
MOHCKl1M KOlbHMa 11 jaxaT.IHMa noll,eJbeHa Ha11eoje, a rpa-
HHLIY ll3Mel)y THX J{CJJOBa npe.uCTaBJba .UyHaB. Ta1<0, KOll
Cp6a y Bojeo.nttHH H KO.O: PyMyHa seoMa je palllttpcHo
neponalbe .nay uohn yOT.IH To.uopoee cy60Te llJJH y HOkH-
Ma HCl<OJJHKO 11a11a npe H nocnc T oitopose cy6crre jype
nonopKe 11eBH.!J,JbHB11x !<Otha, ca jaxaT.IHMa mm 6e3 jaxa<1a,
H TH KOlbH ce yonlllTC 33MHIII1bajy Kao epno pl)ae11 H
onacm1. Jym110 o.n .Uy11ana - y 6yrapcKoj H y 1-tCTOT.IHHM
.uenoe11Ma Cp6Hje (jyJ.KHO " sennKO CT0111opae1bC) - Mc-
CTO TIOBOpi<H HeBJ.t.!J,JbllBHX KOtha npupet,iyjy ce npane
KOlhCKe noeop1<e Kpo3 ce.no, ca jaxa<mMa, 11 ca pa3HHM
o611T.1ajHMa y BC3H ca KOlbHMa. (Py111yu11 IUIH Bnac11 jy>KHO
on .Uyuaea, 1<oj11 cy y THM Kpajes11111a mx:e.JhCHHUtl noT.1 es-
w 11 o.u XV III seKa, 11Majy seposa1h3.1<ao H PyMy1111 cenep-
HO OA ,Uy11aea.) Jlan,.e Ha jyr, y MaKCAOHHju, TaKBll
CJJeMCHTH ce je.n.sa Ha.31tpy, HCMa !IX Hit y o6.nacmMa Ha
33na,n o.n. .no.rmne Bem!Ke H J ymHc Mopaee. Bek crora
MOpaMO uase.neue o6JlaCTH y Koj11Ma H 11a11ac J.KHBC npe.a-
craee o 11eB11.IJ,Jb1tBHM 11osop1<a111a KOtha IUIH o61-tT.1aj 11 11a ce
npttpel)yjy noeop1<e H<HBHX !<Otha CM3TP3TH 1<80 repttTO-
 ===== 60 =====
pHjy •-mj e je CTaHOBHHWTflO HCKalla 6 11110 XOMO r CHO, H 0
TOMe ocra.r10 Tpara 110 .Qa11ac. 3 a ca11a je jeiumo o6jaunbC-
lbC TOMe ,11,a je ro 11acnel)e OJJ. Tpa1.1a11a, j ep je ro yrnaBHOM
OHa rep11Top11ja Ha 1mjoj cy HCKa.r.ta }f<JIBCJlll Tpa<i:aHH.
Koll Cp6a y BojBOJl.llHH, Kao 11 KOil PyMy11a, 11ajemue je
p acn pocrpa11>e110 eepoea1bC lla je 11oh1mx KOlhll MHoro:
lbi'IX je llCBeT lfJllt MHO r O Blllll C, y npaeo 6e:J6poj, jep TC
llOBOPKC 3llP3BllX II xpOMllX KOib.a npona:)C y TOHY HCKO-
mnmx 110 IH1 . na
11 r.rte cc 33M llWJha Aa 11.ue caMo je.QaH
KOlbllHIU.i:, II TO Tpe6a CXBaTHTlf .Qa cy TY " KOib H K01b3.HllK
ca.MO n peACT3BllllUll MHOJ+mue, n pe.QCTaBH llLlll epcre. no-
uer.c:e cc 3llMllWJbajy KOJbJ.t 6e3 jaxa'la, no11er.Qe je jaxa<1
caMo Ha je.n110,,1, a noner.ne cy jaxa•m 11a 1mwe KO!ba.
H ohue noaop1<e HOtba 6e3 jaxa'la cy craptt ju o6ntt1<
eepoeaH>a . Te llOBOPKC MHOl'HX KOlhll uucy 11\IWTa JJ,pyro
ttero noeop1<e no1mj ttn1<a 1m11 npe11aKa, Koj11 11acrynajy y
MHO>KHHll II KOJieKTHBHO, a Bek. Ta 'llllbClll!Qa JlOKa.:iyje
eemn<y crap1rny ii npilMHTllBllOCT oeora ecpoeafba. •• Koa
MHor11x ueraawtt.Hx ii ca,na w1hi1X Hapo,11a aywe Mpnmx
3aMilllIJhajy ce y o6.n11Ky pa3UllX HHIBOT!Uba, na ce TaKO II
KOLi amallltt.llX 6anKaHCKHX 11apo.t1.a cycpekcMo ca ecpoea-
H.llMa 11a cc LlYlllC MPTBilX jas.lhajy Kao BYf<OBll, MOH.II,
3MHje H Lip. rpal)a f<Ojy caM 113HCO OOK33yjc aa cy TaKBC
npeacraee 11 KOLi Cp6a MHoro B1tllle pacnpocrpaEhCHe Hero
w ro ce j e TO LIO caaa npe-rnocrae!hano, ' 7 11 011a he 611Tn O.!l
ymuaja 11a npoyqaeatt.e crape cpnc t<e pem1r11je. n m<0j-
HHQJI KOj11 y BHLlY KOH.a jype y 11ok.11Ma y no•!CTKy yCJ<p w -
lber nocra, t<aKo cc ecpyje KOJl Cp6a y Bojeommu 11 KOJl
PyM)'Ha, o6111.1Ho yonlllTe 1111cy 1111.1111e1myan1130ea1111, anu
y BojBO.!lllHH BHllllMO eeh II .!laJbe ij>a3e y pa3BllTKY npea-
CTaBa o noKOjHHQHMa: TY ce eeh cycpehy 11 npe.11craee
t<oje noKa3yjy npena3 0.11 TCp110MopcP1t3Ma Ka a11Tpon0-
Mop4>i13My, Ka HHJlllBllJlYaJJMCalbY 11 t<a H3rp3)11bll ecpoea-
lb3. y BHUla 33MllW.lbella 61tka: JlClllOHC HJlll 6oroec (KBC·
Qe •). H ajnpe cc JlCMOll 1U111 6or 3aMHW.lha y o6JJHK)'
).f(HBOTH!bC, a K3)la Jlo611jc !h)'JlCKH o6.11Ht<, Taj JlCMOll HJlll
6or 33.Qp).f(aea 11 Jla!he ne3y ca >f<11eonui.0111 11a -raj Ha1.1m1
wro 011 jaw e 11a tt.oj (11a eyMy, Ha .1<01by).' 8 Ta1<0 cy
HaCTaJJe t<0.!1 MHOl"HX 11apo.t1.a npeacraee o 6oroeuMa 1<0j11
uohy jaw y ua KOH.HMa. T at<aB jc tTpa'lf<ll KO!b3.Hllf< •,
TaKae jc rcp.~a l!Cf< ll Bo.na11, TaKBll cy cnoecHCKH CeeTO-
e1111 11 ap. Cec $a:JC pa.:ie11TJ<a O.IJ. npe11craec no1<ojm1J<a y
ofui111<y m1moT111be - KO!ba - na JlO 6o>f<a11craa 11olrnor
KOtt.a1111J<a cycpchcMo 1-m.n Cp6a y Bojeo.nmm, u y TOMC j c
11ajectm 311a1.1aj ca6pa11e rpal)e, Moja MOH<C 11a c;1y>f<11 J<aO
11Jf<OJ1Cf<ll np11Mcp.
BeoMa j c 311aqaj 110 aa ce noner,ne y Ea1.1Koj 11 Ea11aTy
!ICM01111 11m1 no1<oj11u1.111 KOju nay y T o11opoaoj cen111111111
11.llll jawy Ha TOJlOpoBCKJlM 1(01bl!Ma 3aMliW.lhajy Kao ).f(CH-
CKa 611ka, Kao BCWTHQe. TaKBC npeJICTaBe cy BCOMa crape,
crap111e O.!l npe.ucraea o J.<OlbaEtllQHMa MYUJJ<apQttMa. YI y
11apoJlHOj pcm1rnju f<OJl Pyca >f<HBC cnn1.111a eepoealb3.:
KplUlaTa H<CllCKa 611h.a, Ha KOlb\IMa l!Jlll 6e3 lhllX, npaTllO-
Llll 11e6ecHor cy111.1aHOr 6omaucrea, KOje no JhllMa wan,e
cjaj 11y 6naro113T 11a 3CM!hy J<Oja y JJCTO O).f(HB!hyje. 49 Ecm t
nyK je onwTc 1103HaTO CpC.rtCTBO 3a on6pa11y OJl BCWTl!Qa,
Mope II Apyru x C.llli'l!lllX 6uka 113 CBCTa MpTBHX, na cc
6em1 .11y1< yucrrpe6.lhaea 11 J<ao rnae no 0116pa1116e110 cpe.n-
crno 011 T uo.ttopa u 011 ro11opoac1<11x f<Olb3., 1.111Mc cc
TaKOl)e nocperu10 IlOTBpl)yje lbllXOB KapaKTCp 3JlllX JlCM0-
11a. PuTyan110 !h)'JhalhC pa.n11 OJI6pa11e o.rt ca. To.!lopa u.11tt
TOJlOpollCKllX KO!ba je Ta1<01)e :JaiCJlHll'IKO II uepoBalbHMa
o eeWT111.1a111a: OMJJa.u1111a cc !h)'.lha 11a Eo>f<11h, Eor ojan.JbC-
1be 11 tta nponeh11e npa3Hllf<C ('Bypl)ee,!la11, Cnacoe.na11), a
Y OKOJii11111 6eorpa.na ce TO 1.1111111 6aw 36or BCUITl!Qa. 50
3 11a1.1aj110 jc, KO!l Bojeol)a11c1<Hx Cp6a 11 KOll PyMyHa, .na
je JlCMOH-6or 11ok1111 f<O lballl!K nocrao y xp11 wkaHcre y cb.
Teogop. n pc,\la T0.11.e, 11 CB. TeOJlOP )'.11<1311 y pCJl OHllX
xp11wk.a11c1rnx cecrttre!ha Koju cy KO,!l 11ac 3aMCH11n11 npc-
l)awlb3. XTOHCf<a 6o>f<3HCTBa II !ICMOHC (a Tll cy jow CB.
Caaa, ce. Joaa11, 1\.\paT1mu11 11 11p.). Ca1110 no je11110M
.. Ucn. :1<a11 . 11t.-.c>,99.
.. Jl.A.Jl.K><U«": Hao6p&>weHH0~\116pyctMnMHtPQJl-W>l"T1>0.C.0...
:tftt0Tl>l4>H><, 1'"43,4,47
1
• A. 11 C"l'l>OllHll:PoNOBHUO,l.~IU~,l(M
caonwTC!bY ll3 Ol<OJillHC Bpw1.ta, jc,1taH OJ], HOllHttX j axa<ta
je CB. Apxatt~eo. H TO je nomytto y cHna.ny ca THM
BCpoBa!bHMa H, HCTOBpeMe110, o6jaw1be!be: CB. Apxatt~eo,
y xpmullanCTBy, sa.r:ttt nywc, nptt6ttpa tlX H BO.r:tti. 5' 3tta-
<1ajuo je 11 HOBO 11 TO .r:ta oeaj npa3HHK ca nosopKaMa
ttollnttx HOlbaHHHa 1.1ecro rra.na y rrponelle, a.rm MO»<e ;:ta
naJJ,He 11 JlOTHpaj 3ttMe. HHa1.1e, MJYfB3<1Klt npa31111Itll Be3y-
jy ce nornaB!tTO 3a 311MCl<Y CC30Hy. 52
Cs. Teo;:top xarnorpa$cK1t HCMa 11tt<1era 33je,IUlHl.IHOr
ca canp>K1tHo.1t !bCrosa npa3HOBafba y Bojso;:tHHtl Ii y
PyMyH»jtt. O<mrne;~no jc OH TY caMo rro ttMetty 3aMeH»o
HCHO pam1je XTOHCKO 6omal!CTBO llJ!ll JlCMOHa II 3a)lo6HO
CBC !berose HapaHTCpHCTlll.IJIC oco61me. TaHo, H CB. To-
nop llJ!ll HOi:IOPOBCKll KO!blt • cy BCOMa 3Jlll ll onac1m, Kao
yomure ITOHOjHl1Qll 11 llPHMHTHBHll JlCMOHH, HJlY caMO
HOily )],OK llCTJIOBll He 33JlCBajy, ltMajy Ii crroco6HOCT .o:a cc
Mory npernaparn y npyra 6111la ( BCUITHQe) H nposna•mrn
Hpo3 01,rnH, 11r.o:. 311a1.1ajHa noje.o:m1ocr je na Taj 11ohtt11 ca.
Teonop jawe orp11yr 6cnttM 1.1aplllaBoM, a orpra1.1 (rrnarnT)
yonwre je 311a1.1aja11 arpn6yr 6oma11crBa JlO!her CBCTa. 53 H
Haw BYHOJ1J13H llJlC orp11yT llOHpOBOM.
CB. Teonop HJJll TOJ::tOPOBCHll HO!bll, WTO je y CTBaptt
je.QHO llCTO, HOCH opa1.11<e nam.te H lbllMa Ty<-IC OHC HOjll cy
ce orpeWHJill TllX .aaua. He MO»<CMO jow .o:a 3HaMO OTHa.na
cy y Bojsonutttt y y110Tpc6I1 opa1.1K11 na111.ttt, a.im HeMa
cy~11bC .aa m1cy 6aw o.aamia. Crora, HaMehe ce m1Ta1be
wra cy llOCHJJH CB. Teonop II TOJJ.OPOBCl\H H01bl1 npc Hero
llITO cy JhY.!lH y Bojao.QHHtt no•1e1111 y 3CMn.opa.n1b1t .Qa
ymyrpe6Jh!lsajy opa1.1He naHJ.tC. Hchy norpeunrrn aHo ycrsp-
JlHM .o:a cy ry ynory y npe,!lcrasaMa o cs. To.o:opy 11
TO,!tOpOBCH!tM HO!bli~\a llM3JIC sepnre, KOJC ce y cp!ICHOJ
11apo,Q110j penurnjtt II llH!ll.IC jaBJhajy Hao !1Tptt6yr XTOH-
CHllX 6oma11crasa." Bcp11rc cy sell ll3HWJJe tt3 ynoTpe6c y
Boj so.11111m, tt MJ1aijtt cneT He 3Ha 1111 1<ai<0 ll3rJteJJ,ajy. A
HaKO cy nepnre HW'le3asa11e 113 ynoTpe6c, TaKO cy y
'' H.<la jKaOOBHh:KaB.ll<J>o,)2 Hll
"llan . n~,124K ll.
" OnuiHpKOOro.ooo:B. '-la)K>HOBHll:Kae.ll<'fH), 8S- 87, ll?- 142
"Haancll0,7S-71, 144.
ynOTpe6tt nnyroa11 11 rno3.o:cu11 opa<tHll naHUll. Hatrna.nuo
caM .no6110 nOTsp.o:y ll OCJlOHait 33 osy npemocram<y tt3
caMor 6attaTa: M un. Bna.nttn H3 3pe!battu11a H!l3HB!IO Mil
je aeposa!be 0 TO.!IOPOBCKHM !<O!bHMa, YHOJIHKO ra ce OH
ceha H3 csor .aeTHlhCTBa (on npe 1.1eTp,!1.eCeT ro;:i:utta) tt
caCBHM COOHTaHO llOMe11yo nepttre Kao caCTaBHll .o:eo ror
neposalba, rum uuje 311ao nnllle 1<a1<sy cy ott e llMaJie
ynory.
Beposa.lbe .na ~B. To.aop O.!tHOCHO w.o:oposCHH HOlbll
l<!l»<lbaBa)y Ha Taj na1.111H .o:a Ha»<Jbel!OM 113Ba.D.C LIPCBa na
llX ocuyjy no orpa,Qtt HJ!ll OMOTajy 01<0 BJ)CTCH!I, .noca,!l
3a6cneme110 HO.Q PyMyHa H HO,!l Cp6a y BojBO.!lHHll, HMa
cnoje napanene .QaJieHo Ha cescpy: t.QHBJhH JJOBai.i c y
6aJITll'IHOM noMOpjy ( noMepa11ttjH), HOj H ttMa MllOfO CJlll'-1-
HOCTll ca CB. Teo,Qopo.11 llJlll TOJ:IOpDBCHHM HOJb11Ma, ocse-
HIO cc je je.rtHOM nacrupy H!I raj IIal.lllll llITO MY je HO-
»<CM OTDOPHO yrpo6y, Hpaj 0.!l !..!Pesa BC3a0 33 je,!1.HO
.UPBO, na ,QCl.la!<a snjao 0]{0 .UPBCTa ,QOH ,\\Y OHO .o:peeTa
n11je 06as110 csa 11pesa."
Moju o6aBClllTal.!11 0611'-IHO 1111cy YMCJlll HlillITa ,Ila Mil
1<amy o 6ojtt TO.Qoposc1<11x HOtba. ca ...m Mn je jemrn crapn-
1.ta 113 nasnmua 1rn3rmana ,!lacy TO.QOPOBCHH KO!bll spa1111,
rum CHI Bllll!C rryrn 3a6cJ1e»<HO .aa cy Tll HO!bll 0.!IllOCllO
l<Otb Ha !<OM jawc CB. Teo.Qop 6CJJH. 6cm1 HO!b je, llH3'-le,
aTptt6YT npxOBHOr 6ora y p331111M pemirnja~m, 56 na 611,
npeMa TOMe, CB. Teo,Qop OB.QC MOrao 6ttTH 113CJJC,QHHH
HCHOr ca.Qa 110 llMCHy 11aMa BllIIIC HCD0311aTor 6ora, npso-
6ttTllO TCPllOMOprflHor. HajBHWC sepoaaT11ohe UM!I 11.a je
TO npa1.11<u xepoj ' .
BeoMa je pa11111pe110 ueposan,c HOJl Cp6a y j ym110M
6aHaTy .o:a y HolittnM nosop1<aMa 1<01La y1.1ecrnyjy, nope.r:t
3,!Ipasux, H xpo.1m ( llonanu) HO!btt, 1<oj11x je TilKOije MHOro.
Herne ce sepyjc .r:ta TH xpo~m n.Qy y TOHY l.IIJTaBe cenMn1.te
nocne 3.Qpasux. Y ceny naBJ111llly 1<0.0: Bpm1.ta ca.11 3a6ene-
»<HO 11.a ca TllM XPOMHM KO!bll~\3 IJ.Ue H XPOM JlC.r:ta no
IJMeny .Uam111.. Xpo.'10CT je 311a1.1ajua oco6111rn noje.Q11m1x
"A. Brunck: D"'wildt ig<r im Glaubto de• pommcrochcn Volkco. Z.it><hrift
d.,VoreinsflirVolhkundc, Xlll , l!lOJ,l!lO
j.68.t[ajl<V!OHHll:H ... . !l<ll0, \19H /l
===== 64 =====
,QeMOHa ll 6o>f<aHCTaBa . .IlOBOJbHO je nOMCHYTH xpO,\\Of 1la-
6y (ljaeOJia) H3 cpnCKor ttaponttor seposal-ha, na xpoMor
ttm1 1<ptteor ey1<a tt3 cpnc1<0r H 6yrapc1<0r ttapo.Qttor
eepoealba. Cm1•ma ecpoea1ba ttMajy H fp1.1tt y ee3H c
o6w1ajeM ey<rnpa, a y JhmoimjH noeopHe ey<1apa y 6o-
>tmlmoj ceaotttt npe,UBOJlJfO je je.uatt xpo.1111 JJ,e<1a1c 57 Ko.Q
HeMaua cc npttpcljyjy noeop1<e HOlbaHJn<a o .Uyxoe11Ma 11
Mel)y TllM HOlh3HttLIHMa je;:i:aH npe.ucraeJba xpoMor attna-
pa. 58 O;:i: xpo1omx repH0~1op<lJHHX .QCMOHa nOCTajrum cy
xpoMH .QCMOHH H 6oroeu y !bYllCJ<OM o6mmy. Taj paaa1t-
Ta1< je naroeewrett 11 y noMcttyroM eepoeafhy HJ nan;m-
rna, r.Qe cc noMH!he xpo.111t .Qena .Ua1m.u 1<ao eolja xpo-
MUX H0tb3.
HanoC11ern:y, jow jenau eneMettaT 113 ummyca TO.Qopoe-
CKHX ofo1qaja H eepoea!ba y BojeO.tUJHll aaCJiymyje .ua cc
ttapo4HTO HCTa1rne. To je cnpeMa1bC ttapo'IHTHX 1<yJJTHHX
x11e6oBa, 1<ona'la, 1<oju npcncraB.n.ajy mpwe y jeny. )l(pT-
Ba jc HaMC!beHa TepuoMoptfmuM no1<ojum..1uMa, a n ojewke
je .uewi •3a 3,!J,pasJbc 1<0Jba •. CaMa wpwa je y o6nm<y
1<onurn, Tj. 1<01ba (pars pro roto). Jenyktt TY wpTsy je,!J,e ce
6owaHCTBO, 0,!J,HOCHO 'IOBCI< ce cje.uuH>yjc, H):{CHTHcj>HHyje
ca 6oma11crso.'11.
CaM CB. T o;::i;op y o6miKy KO!ba HJlH y BH.tl.Y 6ecttor
jaxa'!a tta l<OlbY MHOrO IlO)]CCka Ha f):{HBJb<:r JIOBl.18 * 113
HCMa•mor uapoi:tHor eepoeatha. Taj •i:tHBJbH nosau - jypu
Hoky 11a l<O!by, H TO cBa1<e HOkH y TOl<Y JICTa It 3HMe, aJJH
ttna1< n ornanuro 3H~ut. Oottcrne cc raj ,!J,HBJbH 110Bau
cMarpa ,!l,a jc ljaBo, 1<0jH ca caoj HM npyWTBOM jawe Ha
pa3HHM ,!J,HBJb U~I >HHBOTH!baMa, oco6HTO ua XPOMHM jap-
UHMa u nenpHMa, a jow '!Clllkc ce 3aMHWJba ,!J,a cc B03H na
KOJIHMa 1<oja ay1<y BaTpettH spanuu; caM l)ano no3uajc ce
no TOMe WTO MY je jC)l.Ha Hora l<O!bCl<a. H ;:J;HBJbH nonau
1<am!hasa na raj Ha'IHH )],a upcsa cric 01<0 cra6na. s 9 Hawa
uapO,!l,Ha seposalba 113 Bojaonm1e, Kao H pyMyuc1<a, OllJIH-
Kyjy ce TUM na cy apxawrnHja H ,!J,a cc, crora, Y !bHMa
jaCHHje BHi:te npeo6HTllC npencraBe. 3aTHM, noeopKe •To-
"OnwHpHooroj """61mH B. 'l•j~aHOffH~: ...,.. :u:no, 100-102, 105. 147, 164.
"WOrlerbllchdcrdeutoc~en Volhkundc, S79
"A.Brun<k:no... p..,, 179-!32.
=========;;;;;; 65 ;;;;;;;;::=::=::=::=;;;;;;;;
;::i;opoac1<HX KO!ba • 11 jaxa'la 11ny caMo y onpel)etto ;::i;o6a
ron1111e.
06tt'laj11 H eeposa!ha UITO cc y EyrapCHoj , Cpfo1j11
11 Ma1<ei:tOHH)H se3yjy 3a ce. To.1J.opa noKa3yjy ;::i;a cy
nope1<110M ca BHWHX crynalba y pa3BllTKY penur11je 11 Mory
ce pa3yMCTH 6oJbe TeK Ha OCHOBH H3!leTe rpal)e H3
BojBO.IIHHe.
BcoMa jc pawupeH 0611'1aj y Eyrapc1<oj, HCTO'IHOj Cp-
6HjH H y jywHOM IloMopaeJby, ,!J,CJIHMll'IHO H y Mat<ei:to-
1mj11, ,!J,a cc Ha TonopoBy cy60Ty npttpel)yjy KOJbCKe Tp1<c.
y H3BOl)e!by TllX TpKa HMa MHOI"'O JJOl<a.JlHHX pa311HKa.
To.t1.op0Ba cy6oTa jc y CBHM TllM o6nacruMa THilH'·laH
CTO'IHH npa3HHK, y npBOM pe;::i;y l<O!bCl<H, H Tor ,!J,a11a cc
Bpllllt HYJIT y TOM CMllCJJy. rnaBHO o6enewje TOr KYJ!Ta je
npHHOWelbe }l{P'fBC (l<OJla'ltt!), 1<oja ce ;::i;aje caMOM l<OlbY
;::i;a je je,!l,e. Ko!bH cy oe;::i;c O'lllrne;::i;Ho cx0akett11, uaKO o
TOMC Bl!We y Hapo,1],y He IlOCTOJH CBCCT, Kao ITOBOpKe
no1<ojttHKa, Kao nouosa oBannofieHH npe1.1u, H lbHMa ce
nputtoce >HPTBe. y TpKaMa }l{llBHX creapHllX HOiba Tpe6a
rne;::i;ani ycnoMeHy Ha jypJb.llBY 38MHUJJbCHllX KO!ba. 3tta-
'!ajHO je n a ce Hy HCKHM caonwTClbHMa 113 11apo.t1.a (Eyrap-
CKa, T onn ttua H Ol<OJlllHa JleCKOBl.la) BCJUI ,!],a jaxa'IH HJlll
cs. To.rtop OJVI8.3C 3a JJCTO, H3 '!era ce BHJJ;H ;::i;a Tll jaxa'lll y
crsapH npe.ucraBJbajy CB. To;::i;opa 0,1],HOCHO OHC l<OjH cy
npooBaHll CB. To.r1opoM, Tj. npBo6HT11e npCTKe y l<OlbCl<OM
06nu1<y, a CB. To.r1op y TOj yJJ03tt ce jae.lba H Kao conaptto
6owaHCTBO.
y ccny CTy.rteHoj, y Ol<OJlllHH IlupOTa, Hao WTO je
noMcuyro, Ha caMy To.r1opo0y cy60Ty jaxa'ltt KOjlt he Ha
KO!bHMa onTp'laTH OKO up1<Be na nocne MhH no ceny
Mac1<upajy cc (11cQenaHO one110, HarapasJbeHtt), a lbttXOB
npe.usonuHK HOCH ;::i;pBetty ca6Jby y py1.111 . Mel)yrHM, y
Eyrapc1<oj ll.tl.Y nOBOpHe MaCK1:1pau1tx 1trpa<1a, T3B. HyKe-
pH, Ha YuCTH IlOHC):{eJbaH. To cy MyW1<apUtt, l<OjH HOCC
Mac1<e y 06Jm1<y pa3HHX >HttBOTttfbCKHX rnasa, a uoce tt
,!],pBCHO opymje. rJJaBHO JlUUC Meljy !bHMa je, MC~)'TUM ,
•MajHa ' 111111 •6a6a t . .Uo nonue uny noje,u11Ha<rno, a no
no;::i;He u.a;y y rpyn11.
Kao H noeopHe By<tapa, qapojuua, 1,1aManapa, oana H c11.
===== 66 =====
y XpeaTCKOj, Bocm1, MaKe.no1111j11 11 Cp611j11, TaI<O cy 11
nosop1<e KyKepa y DyrapcKoj 11 jaxa1.1a y OKOmnm n11pon
noeopHe oeannohem1x npe,1J,a1<a. Te noeop1<e, ca rne.n11-
WTa pa31mTKa pem1rn ie, npe,ucrae,1.ajy cra1i.e npena3a OA
TCpll OMOp4>113.\t3 Ka 3HTpGilOMOJ><t>1!3My: y OKOnllHll nu po.
Ta oeannohe1111 ,ueMOHtt 11Majy JbYACHH mm:, a :JaApmamt
cy KOlhll Kao ceoj aTpH6yr . .Ua 01111 3a1tcra npei:tcraen.ajy
oeannohe11c npeTKC HJHI JlCMOHC JIO!bcra CBCTa .UOK!l3 je II
1b11xoea 11p11a 6oja (rapaeJbC1bc), KapaKTep11crn•ma 6o ja
JlCMOll!I II 6oroea .O:OlbCI' CBCTa.•° Ko.n KYKCpa jeTaj p a3B H-
TaK OTHW30 jow HCWTO ,!l,aJbC: 01111 C!IJ\10 craen.ajy 113 ce6e
HotBOTHlbCKC M!ICKC.
n oeopKc c yo.iecmn..(nMa no.a KOtbCKHX Mac1<a111a, na 11 ca
HOl bCM y noeop111t, Il03H3Te cy Ii MllOrllM n.pyr11M 11apo.n11-
'" a. T aKo, 1<0,11 l.lexa o Eom11hy, a 11ajm1wc YO'lll npa3mma
Ce. Tpll !<pan.a, 33.THM y MCCOnycnio .o,o6a, llJlY Oll Kyl>e
IJ.O Kyl>e noeopKe Hrpaqa KOje BO/J,C ea co6oM •Ko6HJIY I
(noMolly qapw ae a H .11pyrnx creapH na111me ce /J,Ba .110 TPH
11rpa<1a Kao •Ko61t11a •) HJIH HllC CaMO j eJlall •!OBCK MaCKll-
pa11 Kao KOib . Taj o61111aj je 3ac ee.110•1e11 l<OJl 4 exa y X III
H XIV BCKy . CJIH'IHH o6H11aj H nocroje H l<0.11 H eMalta,
n olbat<a, JI HTBaHal{a, Jly>KH'IKHX Cp6a, a 6HJIO HX je ll
K0.11 P yca. 61 3 tta11aj HO je .11a je KO.ll. Pyca BCOMa paum peH
o6tt'laj .11a ce •pycaima' npe.a,CTaBJba y 06.mrny Kott.a, 11 TO
C nponeka HJIH Ilpc/J. Ile-rpoB.U,aH. CJi11'1aH o6H11aj HMaj y H
CnOBCHl.tH: c nponeka, Ka.rt o.u,e ne.a; c pcKa u nOToKa, .a;Ba
MOll\.l<a ce Ha'IHHC Kao KOib, Tpet111 llX noKpHjC qapw aeo.'l'I
u TCpa no ce.n:y, neeajyktt Hapo'll JTC cnixoee: OHH •BO.Ile
Pycy •.u
Cp6H cy HM3..llH HCCyMlbliBO je,!IHO XTOHCKO 6omaHCTB0
y ey'ljCM o6n11Ky, Koje cy 331o1e1rnn11 ce. CaBa, CB. M p an
H CB. 'Bopl)e. 63 Ca.I.ta j e O'IHrnC,!1110 Jla je K0.11 HCTO'IHllX
Cp6a, Kao H KOlt B yrapa Ii P y1o1y11~, 6HJIO XTOHCKHX ,!J,CMO-
" 8. \laj l<&IOOllMll:Ml8.-.50;M ..... IlnpottNh: ~M--6oi<
l<O:l"1'1Pll•--~l~, 24-l4.
•<Df('n..kZJbn:a.oz..ni1klibnou(1kon&n)Ydobfriftotni1msoopullni.. noc..
. . . - ... CnuM!idu, ll , l , Proho ll9l,•ll.
., ll . Mkhal:NM.:ru~btjnloYi. PrW 1191, 197-19&.
* 1 B . '1 1j_,,~: Ml8.-.7,Na.
;;;;;;===== 61 ====;;;;;;;;=
Ha HJill 6omaHCTaBa II y KOlbCl<OM o6J11tKy, 'IHjll j c H3CJJC,!l-
llllK CB. To.11op.
Anu, K3KO ce II CB. Casa II HCKH APYnl CBCUll 0.!lHOCilO
6omattcrea { cB. H 1rno11a, cs. 'Bopl}e, cB. Apxa 11 ~co, Bo-
mHh) j aBJbajy Kao t<O lballllltll H, npeMa TOMe, no TOM
aTpH6yry ttaC11e.n11111..111 11cr .11awlbCr cpnct<o r 6ora MpTBHX
1<0j 11 je HM30 KOJbCKll 06m1K, Kao yon WTC KO,!]. T3B. ltll.ll,O-
eepon c1<11x 11apo11a,u ,'t\orm1 6tt noMHWJb3T11 na llCKll Jl,ae-
11awlb11 cmrnpeT113aM y crapoj cp ncKoj pen11r11j11 KOIJ. i<or
j e 6 11na 0.11 yrm taia 11 penuruja npc,!lcpnci<or cra 110BHH-.
WTBa Ha B3..11Katt y Ii y lbCrOBY cyce/J,CTBy. l13HOCHM TO Kao
npCTnocrae Ky, 11at<o apno CMCJiy, .aa je Ha Hi:tOKy, K0.11
Tpaqaua, y • npc.11craeaMa o MPTBHMa npett>t<Hy ynory
!!Mao KOlb, a 113 33Ila.ny, KOll H n 11pa, eepoeaTHO BYK ( Kao
II KOA P1tMJb3Ha). 3a ca.na Mii TO lt3rne)la Kao 11ajnor11<1HH-
je, HaKO jow HCJlOKa33.HO, o6jarnlbClbC H 0 11oj 11ecyrnac1-1-
llH o Kojoj r osop11 4 ajKanos11k, HauMe llITO ce KOll Cno-
ee11a H r epMaHal{a BPXOBHH 6or y CBOM TC pHOMOp$UOM
o6mt KY j aBJba II Kao llYK H Kao KOlb, 65 o6jaW!bClbC Koje
6 11 ce Mor no npttMliTH, 33p 3a 11aw e Tn e, HC33BltCllO O,!l rora
.11a nu je ey <1 je1o1 o6mJKy nope1<no 33Hcra Ha cese p y, a
KOlbCKO!I\ 113 HcrOKY {llll,!lOCBponcKOM), Kao WTO je MH-
Clll!O B. 4 aj Ka11oe 11k.
Jla1tarnlbC cp nc1<0 CTaHOBHllWTBO y Boj eorornH jc BCJIH-
KOM sel>HHOM nopcKJJOM H3 o6.naCTH Ha jyry o.n Case Ii
.D.yttaea. Koll .na11awth11x Cp6a y o6naCTHMa j ymuo OJl
Case 11 .D.yuaea HCMa npc/J,craea o 11okttHM ro.aopoeCKHM
KOlbHMa HltTH 0 CB. To,!lopy KllO HOhHOM KOlbaHHKy.
{11Haqe, HHje HM cacBHM llCil03HaTa npell,CTaBa 0 110kHO."-
KOlbaHllK Y.) IlpeMa TOMC, epno j e BCpoeaTt!O .11a npcl.Ul
eojeo~a11cK11x Cp6a tm cy HH IJ.OHCJIH TC npcll,CTaee ca
B3..11 1<a11a 11cro Jl.3 cy HX 33TeKJJH KO,!l crapHj er cnoja cp n-
CKOr It cnoeencKo r CT31lOBHHllITBa 113 TJIY ,!laHallIEbC B oj -
80,!IHHC, a OHO ll,a HX j e n pHMHJIO OA jo w crap1t jer CTaHOB-
HHllITB3 . .D.a je oea npCTnocraeKa oc11o ea11a, 11aj6oJbH je
,!IOK33 WTO TaKBa ecpoea1b3 HMajy H P yMyHlt. 0 '1HrnC!l,HO
*' llu . .QC.....,IOM .a.
"Hl8.JIOJI0,167.
 je JJ,a cy Ta eepoealba 11 npeACTaBC n pcy3em1 11 P yMyttll 11
npeo611n111 Cn:oeem1 y .itanawH>Oj BojeoJJ,111111 OA crapoce-
.nena•u<0r CTaHOBHHillTBa 11a nceoj crpa1111 Jly11aea.
.UoK cy npe11craee o KOiby CTaJIHH npaTHOllll o6114aja H
ecpoealba o To.nopoeoj cy6oT11 KOll .na11a1U1bHX cra110Btlll-
Ha llCTQ<IJIC nOJJOBllHC 6 anKal!CHOr nonyocrpea H lbllXO-
BllX ceecp1mx cyce.na, npcJJ,craec o 3M11j11 11 ncy 11e yqe-
CTByj y y TOmH.:oj MCPll y o611 q aj11Ma II eepoealbllMa 0
T o.nopoeoj cy6oT11.
3M11je l!Majy HCo611'1HO BCJJHKY y11ory y 11apom1oj pem1-
n1j11 6a.nK3HCKllX 11apo,l:l3., K30 II y pcn11ntjH MHOrilX APY-
rl!X uapo,!la. Pa:ma 61111.a ce jaen.ajy y e 1111y 3M11ja, 3M11je
4 yeajy 3311ona11a Mara, 3.'111je JlOHOCC 1UJOJJ.HOCT me11aMa,
Kyhttc 3MHje cy 33.lllTlfTHllL(C Kyhe It 'ICJb3Jlll, llT.Q. Amt,
Kao UJTO je TO cny4aj II ca MHOri!M .a;pyr nM CTBOpGBl!Ma ll
creap11Ma, 11 3.'lrnje cy y 11apo.a;y y 11cr11 Max nourroea11e 11
npe3pe11e >+UtBOTHlhC. 3,,mjaMa ce .n.y.itu •1ecro o6pahajy
3a noMo!I. ll y11a3yjy ttM eem11<0 nowToea1bC ( 11e y611jajy
11x, qyeajy Kyhuy 3MHjy, HT.Q.), a.rm llX HCIOI nyT II Te-
pajy Oll ce6e: nan.elheM 6ylhHWTa 11 Hpna 11 nyna1bCM y
rB03.QCHC npe.QMCTC, o6una3Ckll OHO Kyka, >l<Cl/C 011ro11e
3M11je OJJ. 11yha y HeKe nponeku c npa311111<e ( 611aroeccn1,
MnllJl,CHL(ll, JcpeM11 jce.na11 II .np.). y OKOJlllUll Deorp311a,
y ceeepuo.'I 6a11ary 11 y Kocoec1<0-McroxujcKoj o6nacT11
Mal)11 jc11a OJJ.6pa11a OA 3M11ja 113soro1 ce 11a To.nopoey
cyt50Ty.
Kao urro cy eepoealba o 3.\\11j11 ec3311a 33 To.1topoey
cy6ory ca.Mo Ha jeJJ,Hoj orpamt'leuoj Tep1rrop11j11, r.mo je
llCTO 11 c eepoea1bCM o nc11Ma: caMO y 6yrapc1<0j 11 y
01<0Jiu1111 JlecKOBL(a ce epwe 11e1<11 o611'1aj n ca nc11Ma, anu
II TO Ha t.fncrn IlOHCllCJbal<. YTBpl)euo je eek /l,3 je II KOll
6an11a11CHHX Cnoee11a nocrojao HYJIT nca 11 Jl,a je t.f11CTH
Il0HCJ'.IC.lb3K jcJJ.aH Oll nacj nx npa3HHKa.66
H a OB0.'11 MCCT)' >l<CJJHM CaMO jow ,l:l3. CKpcHCM na>KlhY Ha
je,!l,Hy 4HlbC1111ey. Cp611 y Bojeo.1t111111 npe.ncramMjy, yon-
.. 8 . 4aj-Mlt.: .n.... .._..,...ID_..,__. l<)'ma. r ...... CKI\, CLl!l ,
~19Jl,11-26 .
urre, oHaj .neo cpnc1<or 11apoi:ta 1<0ju jc Haj1<yJJTyp1111j11,
11aj11anpe.a1111j11 11 ca 11aje11w11M m HBOTHHM cra11Jtap.aoM, a
KO)], lbllX cy ce, H30 II HOll P yMyHa, caqyeaJJe eepcHe
npe.ncrase Koj e HMajy eeoMa np11MHT11ea11 HapaKTep; y
11CT0'111oj Cp611j11 11 y 6yrapc1<oj, r .1tc jc 1<ymyp110 CTalbe
CCOCKOr CBCTa cpa3Mepno lll!»<e nero y BojBOJl,111111, y
o611'laj11Ma H nepoaa1b11Ma 1<oj11 ce o.nuoce 11a cs. ToJJ.opa
II KOthC Bll.QHMO 11ewro' BHWC 06n11He 11ero y Bojeo.n11111t.
C .npyr e crpaue, O'lllrJJCllllO je JJ.a cy npe.ncraee o Tp3'1KOM
1<olba11111<y 11m1 xcpojy, 1<oj11 je 6110, epno eepoearno,
Tpa'IKll BPXOBHll 6or, ll3111t1Ule II pa3BllJJC ce 113 TaHBllX
npe.o:crasa 0 TePllOMOJ>ct>llllM llCMOHHMa Hao WTO cy npe.a-
CTaBC KO.it Cp6a y Bojso.n111111 11 110.n PyMy 11a. HeMa cyMlhC
.1ta cy 11 HOA Tpat1a11a m11eene cee re npeJJ.craac y n y 11oj
CBCif<HHll, a .na je lbllXOB HO!baHllH Hnll xepoj, HOjll je
npCJtCTaBJbCH na MHOl'llM BOTllBHllM pe1bC$11Ma II Ha.rt-
r po61111M CllO.'o\CllllL(l\Ma, 6110 CaMO 6or BllWHX APYWTBC-
llllX peJJ.oea, !bllXOBa nneMCTBa, jep eepa y e11we 6oroee
11acraje ca CTBapa1bCM BllWllX APYWTBCHllX PCllOBa It ee-
k.11x nomn11'11<11x 3ajc;11mua. Ca 11ecraHKO~ Tpa'la11CKHX
.npmaaa n Tpaqa11c1<or nneMCTBa 11ecrano JC 11 lbllxoeux
a11w11x o6m11<a eepc1<or »<llBOTa u npe.rtcraaa. A npe.ncra-
ee w11po1<c 11apoJJ.11e Mace, Hoja ce o.npmaeana 11 .nowmje 11
ywna y cacraa 11oe11x 11apo,!1.a ( 6yrapa, Cp6a, PyMy11a),
npo.nym11JJe cy .na »<11ee 11 JlaJhC, na ce o.1tpma.r1e 11 .no
JJ.aHac. H3HCTa rpal;a je H nen np11Mep 0 TOMC KaKO ce
eepcKe npe.acraee 11 o611'1aj11 Mory MHOro ynop1111je 11
.nyme .na OJJ.p>1<aeajy 11ero re11oe1111c Marep11jan11e 11ynType,
na 11 Ka.rt ce cace11M 113MCHll no.11.J1ora Ha Kojoj cy 11acra.r1e.

TPAfOBII
ITEPYHOBA KYJITA
KO.U JY)l(HIIX CJIOBEHA
I TIPOEflEM TI EPYHA KAO
JY)KHOCnOBEHCKOr EO)!{AHCTBA
Crap11jH nHc1111 1<ojH cy cc 6aamm 113y<Jaea11><:M crape
CJIOBCHC l<Cpemirujc ll ~UITOJJOrttje (JI. Jle;+<e ll .up.) cyM-
lbaJIH cy A3 je JymHJ!M CnoeemtMa yOrilllTC 6ttJJO rI03HaTO
6omaHcreo nepyn 3a 1wje cc je eeh o.upam1je noy:matto
3H:U10 HOA HcrO<JHltX H 3ana11H11X Cnouena. Ops 11 je pa3-
6110 re cyM!bC 6yrapc1m nay<J.11111< Jop.QaH Hsauos, KOj11 je,
113HOCelm JJ,OCTa rpalje, YCTB;_P.ll.lfO ,!13 je llCl<a.113 H KOJl:
J ymmtx Cnosetta riocrojao HYJlT Depyna.' 0Ta.!J.3 cc je y
norne.ny H3y<rnna1ba 1<y111a D epy11a HOA Jy>1<1111x Cnose11a
MaJIO y311anpC!lOBaJtO: o6jaBJhCHO je ca~IO llC!<OJll1HO 110-
BHX nonaTa1<a. HnaJ<, jom 11e sna;ia je.a.110.uyumocr y
TIOrJlC!lY 113 TO Jl3 J'Jll cy Jymmt C11ose1111 3H 3JJH 33
H3. lloK JI. H1mcpnc, 1<oj11 jc a11ao 11 3a 1mc •Depym y
llCl<liM 1133HBH,\13 MCCTa Ha G:umaHCl<OM llOJIYOCTPBY fl 3a
HMC 611Jb1<e mepy1m1<e • 1m.r:t Jym1mx C.r10seHa, yJHMa .ua
jc KYJlT IlcpyHa 6HO BCOMa pacnpocrpalbCI\ ll3BaH Pyrnjc
ll .!la jc Taj 6or 6110 JajC.UHll'HOI CBllM CrioBCHHMa, 2 a1<anc-
MUJ< H. JlepmaBHH jom YBCJ< HlljC TaJ<O J<aTcr op11<1aH.
Httje Mil 6ttna ripucTyria<1Ha Ibcrosa pacripasa , flepyH B
H3>IJ<OBbIX II cf>oJlbl<JJOpHb!X riepcmuaamui:x y CJJaBHH f
( •5l3brn 11 JJHTcpaTypa ~. II I), aJJH cy.r:tek.tt rio je.!lHOM 1bCN.>-
BOM J103HHjeM .neny JlepmaBJIH je H3 o6JJaCTH 1YJ.KHHX
' lop;uul1naHOH:l<)"JJT•flop)" ... )" """""'"" ""' ""Hb. ll :!Bk-ri>o 0rJ$10H .. P)"«""-
~J~"i'8~· H C.'0..CCHOCTM HIO!I. a "a,.'IOIO iH HO)"H~, T. V!ll , 1903, f(H. 4, 16()- 161,
• LNiedorlt: Man «< l dol' a n1iqui10 olavo,ll.Pa ris 1926, 141
CnoacHa pacnonarao caM9 OHOM r pat)oM WTO jy jc 6tto
flPHJ<YIUlO H o6jaen o J. HsaHOB H m1jc O,!JaTJIC ll3BO,[{HO
HHJ<aKaB .npy rn: 33.KJby<iaK CCM .ua cc MOJ.KC ripeTnocraBJba-
TH ,!),a je HCml,Qa j y>KHHM CJJOBCHHMa 6HJJO CT0311aTO HMe·
Tora 6ora. 3 H apO<illTO je yriopaH A. EpHKHep, J<Ojtt, ttaJ<o
cy MY 6HJJa Il03HaTa Jltt<ma ll TOf!OrpacpcKa HMCHa o6nuJ<a
•Ilepy H • ca jy>KHOCJIOBCllCKC Tep11rop11je, H .!la.JhC TBPJIH
Jia HH KO,!), jeJIHOr CJIOBCHCKOr 11apo,!1,a HCMa Tpara 0 KYJJTY
IlepyHa Ii ,!),a je KYJJT n epyHa KOJl P yca crpaHor, Tj.
HOpMaHcKor nopeKna.• Y3rpCJI Jia nOMCHCM Jia J. IlajcKep
y csojoj crym1ju o eep11 crap11x Cnoeetta yonWTC ce Htt je
HH oceinao Ha IlepyHa: OH je, Ha ocuoett HCKHX no,!l,aTaKa,
XTCO caMO ,!l,a ,!l,OKame .r:ta cy crapH Cnoae1111, npe 11ero llITO
k.e npHMHTH xptt w i'iaHCTBO, 6HJJH 3opoacrpose BCpe, Tj.
.r:tyam1cr11. 5
IlttTalbC ce yomIITC BHWe ue nocraan.a, nocne CTy.!luic
J. HsaHOBa, Jia Jill cy JY>KHH C.r1oaem1 3HaJJH 33 nepyHa:
y TO ce BHWC HC MOJ.KC CYM!baTH. H ek.e, HnaK, 6ttTll
11aO,!l,MCT Jia cc, cJ<opo noCJJe rion a cron ek.a, nottosa noKpe-
uc TO m1Ta11>e Ii ,!),a H3HCCCM H HCJ<C HOBC .!l0K33C ll TaJ<O
.r:tonpnHeceM jow 6oJbCM yTept)1malby J11a11>a o Je.n11oj
3aHHMJbHBOj nojam1 y peJJHrttjH npno6HTHHX JymHHX
Cnoeetta. Tm1e he ce yjc,!l,Ho H ja<1c no.usyk.tt npao6HTHO
KYJJTYPHO jCJillHCTBO CBHX CnoncHa H caCBHM o6ecHaJ.KHHl
n epy- CBaKa npeTOOCT3BKa 0 HCKOM HOpMaHCK0.'1: nopeKJJY KYJJTa
Ilcpy 11a KOJl P yca.
BnJaH;njcKH nttcQn cy Ja6enemttntt noHellITO H o eepn
crapttx Cnose11a Kao H 0 BCPH f!PBHX CJIOllCHCKllX ,!l,OWJba-
J<a Ha Ean1<a11C1<0~1 nonyocrpsy. Ha manocr, Henocpe.!IJlllX
IlllCaHHX BCCTll 0 CaMOM fl epyHy HCMa. IlpernOCTaBJh.a CC
.r:ta 6n Morao 611TH Ilcpyu ouaj 6or WTO ra 6e3 HMCHa
noMHlbe Ilpo1<0nttjc (VI scJ<): 011 eentt .!la je J<O.!l Cnoaetta
J<ojtt cy Ta,!l,a 6ttJJH Ha Ean1<a11y rnae11tt 6no 6or •rocno.r:tap
'l'OMa • .& Hn y HawHM .!lOMai'ittM nttcaHttM HJBOpHMa 11CMa
llHK3KB3 OOMeH3 0 C3MOM ITepy11y. Y Komrn:o ce y COllCll-
M3, HIIp. y crapOCJIOBeHCKOM npesony XPOHHKe CHpU3
JoB3H3 Ma.rtane (X BeK), nol\mlhe HMC ITepy11 MCCTO 3eac,
OHCUll cy 33 ror ITep yH3 Morm1 C33H3Tll 113 >t<HBOTil HJIH
TpanHl.lHje caapeMe11Hx HM Hcro<i.HHX Cnoee11a. Pa.ntt To-
ra, ,1:101<a3e o HernamlhfM KYJITY ITepyHa KO.i:t Jy>t<HHx
CnoeeHa Tpe6a Tpa>t<HTH Ha .i:tPYrHM crpa11aMa. Jopna11
Hea11oa H A. H11,1:1epne H3HeJIH cy jow HeKe no.uaTKe H3
crapHjer .uo6a Koj11 nocpen110 roeope .ua cy npeo6HTHll
j y»<Hll CnoseHH 3Ha.rtH 3a ITepyHa.
OBoM np11JIHKOM y n0Tpe611hy caMO T3KBY rpaf)y KOja
npencraen.a noy3na11e HJm aepoaaTHe ocraTKC mm ycno-
Me11e H3 KYJIT ITepyHa KOil Jym11HX CnoeeHa. T at<Be rpal}e
je TOJIHKO na je caceHM llOBOJbHa na OOTBPllll na je ITcpy11
6HO y crapHHH rl03H3T ll OOWTOBaH KOll CBllX Jym1111x
Cnoee11a, na .i:ta yom11Tc m1je n0Tpc6110 y3HMaTH y noMoh
rpaf)y 3a 1<0j y cc caMo t.1ome npeTnocraeJbarn na je y
11e1<oj BC3H ca ITepy110M ll Ii>Croe11t.1 KYJJTOM.
II YCIIOMEHE Y TOIIOfPA<PCKOJ
HOM EHKJIATYPl1
Haj6poj1111jtt 11 11ajnoy3na1111j11 Tparoett 11er1laUJthfr ITe-
py11oea KYJITa KOil J y»<HHX CJJoee11a cycpehy ce y rnno-
r pa<Pc1mM Ha3HBHMa. T H cy TparOBH 11ajnoy3na1111j11 HC
caMO crora WTO ce y Ii>HMa HMC crapor 6oma11crea 0<1.yea-
no y npeo6HTHOM ll jC31!4KH Hell3MetbfllOM o6JmI<y, 3ajei:t-
IU!4KOM 11CTO'IHHM H Jy»<llHM CJJoeeHHMa, Hero H no TOMe
illTO cy caMH reorpa<l>cKH o6jcKTH I<OjH HOCe HMC eITcpyH t
llJlH llCKO HMe 113BC.UCHO Oll rora T3KBH na ca ceoje crpa11e
noKa3yjy i:ta cc 3311cra pai:tH o ycnOMCHaMa 11a 6o»<aHCTBO
ITepy11a. H3HMC, 11Me ITepy11, yKoJIHKO jc jow ca<i.yea-
110, OMOCH ce penoBHO Ha H3BOpe H Ha Bl!COBC, .uaKJ!e
11a TaKBa MCCTa KOja cy onyeeK CJJY»<Hna Kao KYJJTHa
ll Koja no ceojoj cywTHHll .uo6po o.uroeapajy ITepy11y
Kao 6oma11crey Kojc ena.na rpOMOM, MylhOM 11 o6naUHMa.
f10311aro je .rto6po .rta ce MCCTO llJlH CJlCMCHaT y KOMC
6opas11 HCKO 6oma11CTBO llJJH llCMOH 'ICCTO 11a311ea HCTHM
HMCHOM Kao H TO 6omaHCTBO HJIH llC~\011. Hap04ttTO cy
MHOro6pojHH T3KBll npHMepn ll3 crape fp'IKC (11np. 6orn-
lb3 H rpa.n ArnHa) . 7 Hawe '3CMJbC npym3jy, TaKol)e, y
o6ttJby T3KBHX np11Mepa KaKO 113 crap1rne TaKO H 1!3 HOBll-
jcr no6a. f10Me11yhy caMo .rta nocroje t.morn H3BOpH 11
6pna 3a KOja ce eepyje .rta y Ii>HMa »<HBH 3Maj H KOja ce
30BY 3Majeeau 11n11 CJIH 4 HO; c .rtpyre crpa11c, 6c36poj je
i JICKOBHTllX - BO.r:ta y KOj11Ma, no 11apol{HOM eepoealhy,
6opae11 CB. fT CTKa llJlH CB. H e.rtelha I! Koja ce, crora, 30BY
Ce. fTeTKa Olll!OCllO Cn. H e.ueJba. Y ronorpa<Pc1<0j 110-
MeHI<J1aTyp11 113WHX 3eMaJba llHCY O'lyeaue ycnOMCHe caMO
Ha ITepy11a 11ero TY ttMa H t.moro i:tpyr11x ycno.~eHa 113
crapy 6aJJK3HCKy H 'Ha CTapy CJIOBeHCKy pe1mrnjy II KYJJ-
TOBC, Kao WTO cy ua npttMep MllOrH II 'leCTH Ua3Hm1:
Tpojau, EaJJea11 (Eoea11, EaeaHHWTe), KanHwren, Tpe611-
WTe (Tj . >t<pTBHillTC), CBCTHropa, CBCTHii>a, CeeT11rpa.n,
3Majceau, HTll. HMa MHoro H3rncna .ua he ce y roj epcr11
rp31)e ual\.11 Tparoea KYJITa II .rtpyrHX crapHX CJIOBCHCKHX
6oma11craea.
ITpe Hero WTO npel)eM Ha ll3HOWeli>C ycnoMeHa 11a HCKa-
ll3Wlhll KYJIT ITepyHa KOll Jy»<HHX Cnoeetta y .uaHalllli>HM
Tonorpa<l>cKHM 11a311s11Ma, ncrrpc6Ho jc na .uaM jc.uuy aa-
}!my 11aOOMCHy. HttcaM JlliHrBHCTa, na ce eeh HH CTOra HC
CMCM ynyllIT3Tll y CTl!MOJIOWKa pacMaTpaii>a 0 3Ha4'elbY
HMeua •fTepyn • H o Ii>erosy nopcKJJy. 0 TOt.1c cy eel\
IIHCaJlll 003BaHttjH Oil MeHe,8 II ja TOMe llC 6Hx l!Mao UJTa
na .uo.uaM. H arnawasaM C3MO .11a ja nomt3HM o.u 'lttli>en11ue
na je HMe ITepyH nocrojaJJo ecli y .11o6a CJIOBCHCKe saje.u-
HHUe H na cy ra H3llIH npeu11 .rtOHCJill 0Jl3TJIC y TOM o6JJHKY
Ha Ea.rtKan. 3 11al!aj 110 j e na ce HMe ITepy11 jaaJba y TOM
o6JJHKY - yaeK HCTOM H HCH3MC!bCHOM y n orneny r nacoaa
on KOjHx Ce cacTojH - KOJ:l CBl!X 11CT04Hl!X ll Jy»<HHX
CJJoseua H Kp03 cae ae1<oae OTKaKo jc npeH nyT sa6ene-
' B. 'loj><1HoaH~:OcpncKQ"DP>=<»"«>" 6ory·~.1 941 , 96.
• DrG. Kni:k: Einkitungind;c slaviscllcLitcMUfg<SChoch1 c.2.H"".,Gru l887; F
~~~.!" !'.;,"'f~~4h8~' :'oh~~~ucr':.~do!~:;~h~~~~::"~,!"::.1:..;,~.,ll;~;
Ljubljanal9JO- l9ll,2l
 me110 na CBC ,[tO .r:taHac. To HapO'l.HTO Ba>KH 3a Jym11e
CJ1ose11e Ha 'l.HjeM 3eMJbHWTY cc cycpcli.e 11Mc Ilepy11 yueK
y TO~\ 06JJHKY 6c3 o63ttpa Ha 3HaTHC ,[tlljam:KaTCKe pa3Jlll-
Ke tt3MeQy nojew11111x o6nacr11 u !{pajesa. HattMe, H~1e
nepyH jaBJba ce y TOM o6JJHKY ll KO,[( illTOKasa1.1a II KO.It
KajKaBalia 11 KO.it '-taKaBalia, a y npocrp:1Hoj 06naCT1J WTG-
KaBCf<HX roeopa II Ta~\O r.r:tc ce rOBOPli HjCKaBCKll Kao H
TaMO r.r:te ce roeoptt HKaBCl\"ll OfUIOCllO CKaBCf<H. CTora,
Kao npaBH II HCCYM!bllBll OCTal(H Ii ycnoMeHe y TOnorpacp...
cJ<11M 11a311s11.' la 11a 11cr naw1bl1 Ilepy11os HYJJT Mory ce
CMaTpaTll y npBOM pe.r:ty Ca!>IO OHll np11Mep11 y f<OjHMa ce TO
ttMe jaan.a y 'l.llCTOM o6mrny. Jep, nope11 rn1rn11x 1m311sa
'l.CCTO ce cycpct..y 11 11a31rntt 1<0ju cy cJrll'IHll rm 611 cc
MOrJJO npcTnOCTaBllHI .r:ta cy llCTOr nOCTaHHa a.fill BpCMC-
HOM 113,,1elbem1, IIITO 6tt 611ne JJOHaJJHC jC311'IKC nojase.
Anu, npeMa Mano npe tt3J10mc110M, HnaH je spno cy ~11b11eo
.r:ta Jill ce yonwTe Mory ,!tOBO,[tllTll y Ma HaHBY BC3y c
IlepyHOM Ha311Bll HOjH cy y11CKOJJl!l\O CJlll'Ulll, KaO Hnp.:
Ilttp1rn, Tieptt!bC, !ITJI. Y cpe,1tlb0j Boc1m cy .r:tsa fkpy11a.
3ap je omia Mo r yhno .na ce Il11ptt11, HOjll jc H3MeQy Ta .r:tna
Tiepy11a a y upso6un10 ttcroj .n11jaJJe1<aTc1wj o6JtaCTH,
MO>f<e CMaTpani .r:ta je 11cror nocraHHa 11 11cror 311a'-!e11>a c
lbHMa? HnaH, 6tthe noMCHYTO llC!<OJll1KO TUHBllX H33HBa
HOjH cy YHCKOJllmO CJ!ll'IHll C llMCHOM Ilepyll . HanoCJte-
TKy, BP.110 cy '-ICCTll H331iBli f<Ojll cy 11acra.1111 ce1<y11,1tapm1M
ll3BOQC!beM O.r:t •Ilepy11 ~ 11.llll O.r:t ,1tpyrnx H3pa3a 1<0j11 cy
1m<a.r:ta 611.1111 y se311 ca IlcpyuoM, 11np. no 611JbUH nepym1-
w1. 36or rncra Tora, y OBOM nperne.r:ty 6ttli.e 11ajnpe 11311e-
cem1 CBH TOnorpacf>cKll Ha3HBll HOjll 'lyBajy HecyM!bllBY
ycno,\\CHY Ha 6ora IlepyHa, Ha3HBII y KOjllMa ce TO HMC
jas.lhll y 'lllCTOM 06Jm1<y, Hao ~ nepy11 •, a HO.it Hoj11x tt
,1tpyrc 01<onuocru rosope 3a TO .r:ta ce paJttt o ycnoMCHH Ha
6ora IlepyHa. Ta1<s11x Ha3HBa 11Ma y npHJIH'lHOM 6pojy, a
sepyjeM .r:ta 611 HX ce CHCTCMaTCKHM TparalbCM uaurno jolll
~moro.
1. Tonorpacj:lcmt 11a3!1B •Ilepy11 • KOBCTaTOBaH je .r:to
cana Ha miwc Mecra. J op.r:taH Haauoa je 3Hao caMo 3a oee
np111o1epc: n e p y 11, ropa y HCTO'-moj HcrpH (88 1 m);
n c p y H, BHC Meljy CyTjCCKOM Ii BapcUIOM y Eocutt (no
caonwTClhy T. Anaynoattha; n e p y u, ropa y-.UanMaU11-
jH. 9 O csa Ta Tptt nepy11a , mry H31tCTtt 11eKOJ1ttKO noje.ntt-
11ocr11, 1<oje he, H ca csoje crpa11e, nocac.r:tO'lllTH .r:ta ce
3attcra paJtu o crapHM HYJJTHHM ,\\CCTH~1a.
IlcpyH y Hcrptt jc 6p.r:t0 (881 m) KOje je OHO 4 km OJl
HCTO'-IHC o6ane Hcrpe a 11a ccaepo:iana.r:ty o.r:t Mowhentt'l-
Ke ,Uparc . 311a'laj110 je .r:ta cc je.r:tHO MCCTO non THM Ilcpy-
llOM, npeMa ceaepy, 30BC T p e 6 H w h e: O'lttrne.r:tHO .r:ta
je Ha TOM MCCTY 11e1rn11a BPWCH HYJIT H .r:ta cy TY npHHOWC-
HC >« prnc (CTCJIOB. T p·h6a = >«pTBa).
Y npeneny IloJbttU11Ma, ttcro<rno o.r:t CnnHTa, je 6p.r:to
n e p y 11, y cacraey cena nocrpaua. Hcno11 Tor Ilepy11a
TCl.JC "nOTOH )l{p110BHl..ia. Taj ncpyn je jC,[tHO 0.ll. ~\CCTa y
ro.,1 Hpajy 11a HOM, no uapon110~1 seposalhy, 6opane BHne.
(Jcnau nOTOH 11cno.r:t TiepyHa 3ose ce Birnap.) 10 Oso 6p.r:to
flcpy11 noMH!bC ~c y jen11oj nanrncKH nttca11oj HCnpaBtt 113
1090. ron1111e: vinca in Pcruno (mrnorpa.r:t Ha fl epy11y).1'
To je 311a1.1aj110 CBC.UO'la!ICTBO 0 crap11111111 0 nocrojaHOCTH
oaor Tonorpa<flcKor Ha311sa. n o~mlbC cc tt y XV eeHy.
Y3rpe.r:t .r:ta llOMCHCM .r:ta je Taj nepytt llCTH o6jCK3T KOjM
llCHll flHCJIH TIOMlllhY Kao •Ilupy11-.Uy6pana y XpsaTCJ<Oj •,
no 11aso.r:ty y fCY.U, I X, Beorpa.r:t 1857, 136, r.r:tc je TO
llMC ,!tOCllCJJO '-!UK ll3 Tpehe pyKe!
Ja caM JlH'-IHO llOCCTllO OHaj n epyH WTO je tt3Meljy
Bapewa M CyrjecKe, na >f<anocr jow Kao MJia.r:t CTY.r:tCHT,
Ka.r:ta HttCaM pacnonarao ,[tOBOJbllOM cnpeMOM Ii HCKYCTBOM
3a .r:ty6n.a npO.\IUTpa1i.a. Taj na3HB ce HC 0,[tllOCll caMO Ha
enc: Ta1<0 ce 30BY <mTauo 6p.r:to Ha ccsepoHCTOHY OJl cena,
je.ua11 H3BOp non lhllM II CTO'l"OK KOjH O'l"H'lC O.r:t Tor H3BOpa.
lliTO je oco611TO 3Ha'l.ajno, TO 6p.no Ilepy11 ce H3.r:tH>f<e
H3Ha.r:t cena Hoje ce ca.r:ta 3ose C JI a n 11 11 . .Ua11awlhu
cra11onnmt11 Tor ce,1a cy npaaocnas1111, l.JHjH cy npeuH
.noWJ111 y XVIII sc1<y, rum crapttllUH J<aTonuuu H Mycntt-
MaH11 H3 cycc.r:tHHX cena 30BY TO ceno C JI a B 11 n 11.
06mm 1G.namm11 • Morao jc 11acraT11 y OBOM Kpajy non
yrm.1ajcM pa1111jcr poMal!C}(Or CTallOBllHWTBa: y po.\\aH-
CKllM jc311u11111a pcnoe110 jc a (Sclavi, Sdavini 11 en. ) MCCTO
011ora o y ocuom1 pe1J11 •G.noee1m •. Ta1<0 11cro, 11 npyra
BOKan11a npo.\\c11a (t > u) MO>t<C 611r11 11cror nopeKJJa, ann
Mome 611Tn 11 113pa3 JIOKa;rnor n11 janeKTa y }(OM jc t nano
K . .Ua ce jen110 11accn.c lla30BC 1111\CHO.'ol llJICMCHa IU lll
11apo!l,HOCT11, noeon jc o6111J110 y TO.'o\C wro ce neo jerute
CTllll'-IHC rpync 11al;c y Tyijoj eTllll'-IKOj CJ)CAllllll. Ha OCllO-
Bll rora, ja caM y3Co A3 cy TH Cnoee1m 611n11 Me~y
poMa11cK11M BnacnMa, ua Koje y TOM neny 6oc11e 11Ma nocra
ycno."ICHa.u
n opcn ror n cpy11a, y 6oc1111 nOCToje jow nea reorpacf>-
c}(a o6jet<Ta }(Oji! llOCC TO HCTO llMC. j CJtHO je n C p y H,
epeno no.n nnammo.11 Q3pe110.1-1 a 11enaJJCKO on Ma11acr11pa
Q3pe11a.' ) Tpe6a 11crak.u na ce oneT P3Jlll o jen110M speny
y IlJlaHHllH . Tpel\11 38. CaJta MCHH Il03H3Tll 6ocattCKll n c-
pyH jc n c p y II y npcncny f op1wj PaMH. CTp11mrno~1
ceojux npoytiaea1t.a y PaM n, 1931-1934, ca311ao caM na
nocroju jcna11 JIOKaJIHTCT c HMCHOM Ocpy11 . CeliaM cc
no6po .na je BCOMa CJ1114Bll eapCUl}(OM n cpyny, Tj . H Ty cc
pan.11 0 6pity a MO>t<J13 Ii 0 BOJlH. Ha H<aJTOCT' MOjc op11rH-
HaJJllC 6cJICUIKC 0 TOM Oepy11y nponanc cy MH 1941.
O ocne.nlbu np11Mep 11a311ea 113 one rpync je 6pno
fl c p y II 1131t3Jl CCJla BllTOJllllUTa, y npe.1teny Map11-
joey, y MaKe.uom1jtt, 11a 1<paj1bCM jyry .1ta11amlbe Jy-
rocnaeuje ."
Oaoj rpynu Ua3HBa Morao 611 cc JtOAaTH H n e p y-
~ a Lt: KaKo ce 30ee i.cn110 6p.1to }(On Oa:nma y Hcrp11,
JCP JC TO llMC, aKO JC Ta'lllO HaBCJ].CllO, CaMO JJ.C,\utll y-
THBllll o6n:H}( on n epy11. Mcljyrl!M na }(aptll I: 100000
11awer Boj 11or rcorpa4>cKor HllCTitT}'Ta Taj a11c Ha jyroHc-
TOKy o.n n aa HHa je o6encmc11 Kao O c p y HKOBau.
Bch c o6311po.\\ 11a npc.ll.MCTC Ha Koje ce on11occ OBtl
np11Mep11 113311ea •n cp)'H • - na 6p.ri;a n 11a llJla111111cKC
"MMJ1.C. <l>......-..h: 8_."" H"'•i•-CE3,Xlll , ~ 1928,211, SU
"SB,X IV,O.po;..., 1899,119-190.
,. Boj . c. P-1111: liopo.ll.IU """'"'" 1 M-joBy. rllaCHMH CH.ll,
doon.-...19J5, Jll.
11:ieope - Kao 11 ua rnae uy }(apaKTcpucrttKY Ocpy11a Kao
6o>t<a1icrna rpoMa II Jtamna, CBI! 11aaencuH np11Mep11 Mo pa-
jy cc Y3CTll Kao tillCTC 11 llH'IHM 11cno.\\yhc11e ycnoMc ue 11a
Kym n cpy11a Kon J )')t<HHx Cnoae11a, a cea 11aecne11a Mecra
cy 11ecyM1b11eo 611na ,\\CCTa r.1te je epwe11 }(YJIT IlepyHy.
TaKe 11x Mccra (non THM HJm .!l:PYnlM 11Me1111Ma) ucKana jc
Mopano 6HTll II MHO rO Bitwe, na cy epeMCHO.'I npoMCHllJla
HMCHa 11 113ry611na ynOry n epyHOBllX CBCTHWTa. BttWC ce
Tpe6a tiyAHTll 'IHlbCllHQll .na je 011yea110 II TOJIHKO TllX
11aa1ma 11ero WTO 611 ce 'lyn11n11 'IHlbCHHl.[11 na HeMa m1ie.1t-
11or. Jcp, ronorpa4>cKa 11111c11a MalhHX o6jcKaTa 11 1111atie
llOCTa '-ICCTO cc MCJ.blljy, 11apo'IHTO }(OJI ttac, Ha tilljCM cy
Tny 6Hna epno amea MCTauaCTa31l'l}(a KpeTaJ.bll. Oope11
TOra, 11 xp11wha11c}(a llPKea, '}(Oj a cc npe}(o xH.lhaJJ.Y roJJ.11-
11a KOlt 11ac 6op11na OpoTHB OCTaTa}(a npexpnwha11C}(C
pemtru je II KYJITOBa, ytillHHJla je MllOro Jta cc caCBllM
3aTPY 111111 na ce Ha llCKll Ha'lllH npcKp11j y OCTa1.111 CTaPll-
jnx }(ynTOea. Herne jc TO ypaJ:jcuo ecponamo ua -raj
1ta•m11 11a jc jCJtllOCTaeno llW'IC3JIO Ilepy11000 CBCTHUITC, a
c lbllM II lbCrQDO !IMC. M11oro Jc BHWC ~1opano 6HTll Tora
.ua cy crapa KYJITlla MeCTa npeTeapa11a y xp11mka11c}(a ua
Taj 1ta•m 11 tUTO cy ua fbl!Ma nocran11,a1111 }(a.v1c111t mm
Jtpaemt KpcTOBll !!Ji ii non11:iauc Qp}(BC n MaHacr11p11, no-
ceck.cm1 xp11 wha11CKllM CBCTHTCJbHMa. Muore 11 M11ore
llP}(BC II .'1a11aCT11p11 cy no1111r11yr11 nope11 HJll\ Ha l<YJlTIU!.'I
(•JlCKOBllTllM •) aonaMa llJlil CTCHaMa, 'IHM.C jc xp11wha11-
CTBO BPWllJIO anonl.[11jy II y llCTO BJ)CMC cyncr11Tym1j y
KYJITOna. H11 jc TO m!KaKna o6u411a CJ1y'lajuocr .ua M11ora
6pJta na11ac 113 jymuOCJIOBCllCKO.\I TJIY llOCC llMC c H.
11 JI II i a, a TO jc CBeTllTCJb }(Oj i! cc y Hapony CMaTPa A3
enana n pyKyje rpoMoenMa." Kao lllTO jc ech pa1111 je
llCTa}(aO J. Hea11oe, cs. Hm1ja je Kon J ym1111x Cnoac11a y
ceaKOM norncny 38.MC11110 Oepy11a, na cy n BHCOBll, nocec-
k.e1m npll0611T110 n cp)'Hy 11 no lbCMY 11a.:mea1111 , p.oum•ic
noceehc1111 ce. Hm1 j11 H 11a3saH11 no lbCMy. 1 • HnaK, ue CMC
ce 11h11 Ta}(O J].aJICKO na Tepn11T11 lUl cy 6aw CBI! BllCOBJl
XI V, "l..Nitdtrtc: l.iV0111orjctoSkwonj, 1l /l.PTOhol917.
" ll -:l>(>.M.P"Jl, 162- 169.
1<oj11 Jl,a11ac 11oce MMC Cs. H.rmja 11e1<a1~a 6wrn nocsefiemi
Oepy11y: MopaMo pa1.1y11aT1t H ca CTapuj11~1 6an1<a11c1<HM
KYJITOBHMa, oco611ro y Ma1<e.t101mju, ri:1.c je ca. Hmtja
JaMCH>HBaO npyra 6oma11craa, unp. 3esca.
2. 311aTHO je setm 6poj Tonorpa<Pc1<HX 11a3naa 1<0jtt
u3rne.t1aiy na cy 1130enc1111 OJl. 11Me11a Oepy11, jep y3 ocuo-
sy n e p y H- HMajy HCKH HaCTaHal<. Mel)yTHM, TY cy ii
BCJIHKe TCWHOfi.e Han cc pa,ll,11 0 yrnpl)HBalhy .ua Jiil je HMe
HaCTano 6aw no caMoM Ilepy11y nmt no 11e1.1eMy mro je
llOBOljeHO y BC3Y c IlcpyHOM (Hnp. 611.n,xa nepy11111<a,
JIH'IHO HMe IlepyH) HJllt na1< HeMa llHH3HBC, Hll uenocpe,ll,-
He 1111 nocpe1111e, BCJe c 6oroM Oepy110M. CTora je u
ape,!lHOCT TllX Ha3HBa Hao rpal}e 3113TllO Malha HCrOJill
Bpe.UHOCT npHMepa ll3 npBC rpyne. fla Hfl3K, ll Mcl)y
npuMepuMa osc ,!I.pyre rpyne 6ap llCHH cy curyp110 ocra-
TaH OJl. 11erJl.aw11>er 1<YJ1Ta OepyHa: Ta1<BH~1a ce ~wry y
npao.'I\ PCJl.Y CMaTpaTH HMeHa llllCOBa H 6pJl.a.
Y Cnoae11a'11<oj cy aefi OJl.pa1mje no3113Ttt 11a31tBH
OepyH>a Bee, ce1io, u Il cpyfbn apx. 17 Ko.!1 upso-
ra na1<0 Mome Jl.Ohu y o63HP Jl.a je 11aCTa110 no Jm'l-
HOM HMeHy Oepy11, jep ce pa.rm o ceny (tsec •), 1<0je cc je
Morno npo31l3Ttt no CBOM OCHHBa'ly HJlll HeHa.nawlbCM
0nac11111<y, llOH cc 3a Jl.pyro MOlt(e ca BHWC seposanmfie
npeTnOCTaBHTH na je ycnOMCHa Ha HeKa.lllUlilhtt l<YJIT 6o-
maHCTBa Ocpy11a, jcp ce tta3HB OJIHOCH Ila jenaH BHC.
Oope.!l. TttX, Ha THY CJ1ose11a'IKC jow HCHOJllll<O 11a-
3HBa ce11a noJl.cchajy 11a OcpyHa. Ta1<BH cy 11a3usn:
Tiep11osc1<a fopua (6. onwnrna Bc11uHa OnpewH-
ua, cpe3 UelhC), n e p 1ba 1< (6. onwTn11a llhpnrose'!Ha,
cpc3 JbyroMep), Ti cpoue u (6. onwTnHa T cnalbc, cpC3
KO!bHUe), O epoao Ce.r10 (6. onwT1111a llfaiapTHO, cpe3
Jhm1 ja)~ 11 cp y Jl.H Ha (6. onwTuua 81muurna,cpe3 4p110-
Mefu), a T()H CCJJa HOCC llMC Oeposo: no jCllHO y cpe3y
1hy6.n,a11cHOM, 1<aMHHW1<0M n l<O'lescKoM. HeMajyhtt 111t-
HaHm1x Jl.pyrHX 6Jll!>J(J.IX nOllaTaKa 0 THM MCCTHMa H llMC-
HHM3 11300.!lHM HX UC y11a3ehtt Ill! y Ha1<oa pacMaTp.ll!ba
" r. Kp<N: ><.an. 11<110, 385
Bpno je aepoBaTHo .!la je ycnoMeHa Ha 1<ynT IlepyHa
O'lyBa!la y ttMeHy ll e p y H y ill a, lllTO ra HOCC je.!1110
speno tt jC.[[Ha nna!llla y ceny CM11.lhatty (cpe3 rocn11h y
Jlnutt, XpsaTcHa). ' 8 HacrasaK -y lll a je KapaKTeptt-
CTH'laH 1<ao HaCTaBaK 3a HMCHa ~\albHX BO.Ila (fcpyllla,
Bepyllla, fo.!lyrna, llTJl..) 3aTHM, 11asene110 je aeh tteKo.rm-
HO npttMepa ,[[a upena HOCC i!MC nepyH y 'lllCTOM 06m11<y.
Mome ce, .[[axne, ca .[[OBOJbHO onpaB.!laHOCTH npeTnOCTa-
BHTH ,[[a je l<OJl. TOr apcna 611110 HCl<O CBeTHWTe Ilepyuoao
H no 1bC1'o\Y nocne npo3aa110 spcno n 06Jmm1ba mma}).a.
Momc cc jow OB.!l.C noMeHyTll H Ha3HU n e p y II c I< H
n 0 T 0 H, WTO ra HOCH jenaH TIOTOI< y CCJty Po4y (Hcrpa).
Toce nMc noMulhc y XVI H XVII ac1<y. ' 9
Boc!la jc, Tipe~\3 HallICM C!lll3WlbeM 3H3!by, BCOMa
oc1<y.1111a ronorpa¢c1<HM Ha311BHMa OBC BpCTc. To jc )'TO-
Jlll!{O "YllHUje WTO je Olla cpa3MepHO Haj6orarnja Ha3ttBH-
Ma y 'IHCTOM o6JIHKy: 0.!l llICCT .!IO C!llla TI03HaTltX reorpacj:l-
Cl<HX o6jeHaTa c HMCllO.\\ llepyll TPH cy y BocHit. Ha OBOM
MCCTY Mory cc noMellyTH caMO .11na Ha3ttBa, 3a KOja je 11na1<
BCOMa CYMlhHBO .[[a Jill ttMajy KaHBe BC3e c TiepyHOM. TH
cy 11a3ns11: n e p y o a H H e, lhHBa v ceny Bnarajy, y
KynpellIKOM noJhy, 20 11 Ti epOBHH Jl.O, 3CMJhttWTC y
ceny SorojcBtt-Cc110, y OHOJIHHH Tpe6nlha. 21
Y Cp611jtt ttcMa ttttjenuor tTiepytta •, rum je 3aTO qnrna
HH3 npyrttx Ha31lBa l<Ojll ce Mory Jl.080,[[ltTH y BC3Y c
nepy110M. Ta1<0 y Cp6ujH cy HCl<OJIHKC fllepy11n1<e c: I)
Il c p y 11 11 1< a, 6p,!1o Hpaj cena Cena111.1a tt Pyjesua y
COl<OJICl<Oj Hax11jn; 2) n e p y H ll !{a, 6p,!10 ll l<OCa H3MC-
ljy Os4tt11e n Csoj.!l.pyra, rn1<01:ie y 001<0J1cKoj uax11j11,
a KP03 Caoj.[[pyr TC'IC II Ilep y!lll'IKH nOTOK/ 2
n e p y H H I< a, BHC y ceny Bparo'!aHHQit y BaJbCBCHOj
Oo.!lropmm; 23 4) n e p y H n Ka, BHC (491 m) y ceny
'.'. B. Kr<!marie .' Smiljan o o>:olin""' u Llci. ZNZOJS, X, Zagreb L90S, SIO; Rad.
GruJ1t: Topograf•ki tje<'nik GoopiCk"P ~taro . ZNZOJS. XXll, Z.gttb 1917, 213
"I. Strohal : lz otorin<. ZNZOJS, XXlV. Z.gttb 1919, 300.
,. i:. )K. M".11<*"""' l"no.~""""· Ky11p<w1<0, B)"N""""" 11 P0Btt0 no....... CE3,
XXV.~1923,67
"0. "f>)'PHIL-KOO>!h: Wy ..., noepm II 3yn11,11. CE3, v, ~ 190J. 1240, 1241
"Jt.y6. 11 a..,,10..11h: CoNOJICNa ltax•i•. CE3, XL!ll , l>e<>rpOit 1928. 402, 418,
478.482
"Jt.y6.fl&BJJOBKh:KOJ1)-6ap.1.11Iloarop1111a.CE3,Vlll,J;eorpa,.'1907,6ll

J1acu,y (Tpll3BCKll Cpe3, OKOnttlla 4 a1.11<a); 5) n e p y H Il-
l< a, Mecro y ceny Yw ky (H6ap); 14 ) 6) n e p y H 11 1< a,
1<oca jy>f\110 11cn0Jt e 11ca 811Tyma (1289 m) a 11a ceeepy Oil
Jowa111141<e 6alhe; 7) n e p y Hu 1< a, ceno y 11enocpe.a-
11oj 6n113111111 aapow11 KypmyMJi uje, 11 n epy11 11 1.11<a
r n a B a HRH KOlbYWKa 4YK3 11 3.!I TUM cenoM. 0 TO.\\
nOCJie.!IlbCM Mecry Mory pek11 1<curro BHwe, jep caM 6110,
1946, y it.eroeoj nenocpeWJOi 6n113111111 11 pa3roeapao ca
HCKHM lt.erQBHM CTallOBHllQHMa. llattaWlbll CTaHOBHHQll
ror ce.na cy nopel<lloM o.a .aoceJ'beHltHa nOCJJc 1878, 1<a.aa je
osaj 1<paj OCJio6ol}en OJt Typa1<a. n pe rora, TY cy m1-mcn11
Ap6a nac11, 1<oj 11 cy ce 611m1 pa1m1p11m1 no npelleny To-
IIJlllllll 11 Kocamiu.11 y TOKY XVIII 11 XIX sc1<a, a jow
pa1111jc cy m11acn11 caMo Cp611. Ha311a ror cena je 311re<1c11
1878, a Ap6a11ac11 ra Cllryp110 1111cy J13nH. CT peMa TOMC,
11Mc je c11ryp110 ll3 llo6a npe XV II I aeHa. Y oonofi311c1<0M
n oMCHHKy, KOj H je 113 XV III BCK3, IlOMHlbC cc CCJJO
n c p y II II H c, 113 Kor jc 611no np11nO>f\lll!Ha Cp6a. Bpno
jc ecpoe 3THO J13 je TO 6aw OBO CCJ!O n epy11111<a y Ol<Onll.11 11
KypwyMmij e. 2 5 11 Mc cena ce je o.Qp>f\a.r10, anll je CTap11x
cpnc1<ux 1rn31ma 3a Ma1bC 06je1<Te aepoa3n 10 11ecrano.
T a1<0 unp. ITOTOI< 1<oj 11 TC<IC 113MC~Y n cpymrne II OpeCH0-
'13 11 canmia cc y T onm u1 y 11cMa nocc611or HMc11a; BOJ10.\\ c
!bcroaa H3BOpa Clly>f<c cc o6a Ta cena. Jow caM ca3ttao J13
je ua apxy CTcpy11tt'l1<e mane 11e1<3 pyna 11a Mecry rlle jc
11e1<a.aa, no npc,ua1by, 6nna 1<yna. 3antM, ca311ao caM J13 y
ceny Kawceapy, 1<oje je 6n113y, y o6ttJby ycnesa lli!BJba
c
11epy1m1<a. TllM y BC311, BPJIO je 3llHllMJbl!BO .aa cc jen110
.apyro ccno, 1<oje m1jc ,\\HOro nane1<0 on one CTepyntt1<e,
30BC 6 or 11 w e. To ceno jc y 1.tonmm Pactt11c, y 3llnan-
11oj nonrop111111 JacrpcnQa, 21 Km y B33!1Yllutoj mmuj u 011
cena n epy11111<c npeMa CC3. Kpo3 ceno Eorn we TC'lc
6on 1wira pc1<a. CTocroja11.c oeora cc11a, Gor11wa, 4111111 jom
aeposaT1111 jo."' npcrnocran1<y na jc 11Me cena n epy11111<e
1<on KypwyMn n jc y ac311 ca 1<ynroM 6ora n epy11a. 0 ro.\\e
he jow 611n1 roaop3.
"l'u . )!J>Mh: ll !lop.CF.3,V l ,~ 1 905,61'.
" Ib)11. C"'i"""""h: Cnpo1 cpn<MM•p-..y..., """'' ~ie
CKA,ITl ,~lll90, l86
;=;=;=;=;== 8] ;=;=;=;=;==
To11orpacpc1m 11a31rn •CTcpy1111Ka• Morao je 1rncraT11
111111 no 611JbU1t nepy11uu11 (1<oj a je Jlo61rna 11Me no 6ory
flcpy11y) 111111 110 >KCllCKO.\\ JI MCllY CTcpym1Ha llnll HCilOC-
pCJlHO no HCHOM CBCTllWT)' nocect..e110M n epy11y. npsa II
.apyra '" 'oryhnocr jeJlea no.113:re y o&mp. Ce."' rora, y
11a11mM 3CMJb3,"'a ycncea 11 npyro 611JJ>e 11crc 1Jem141111c Hao
11epy11111<a, na cy llpno peTKll , 11m1 11x 11c."!a 1111Ha1<0, 11a311-
a 11 MCCTa no TaKOBO."I 611Jby (Ky1<ype1<, non04 11 .ap.). J.la jc
no IKCllCKOM 11~1e11y Ocpymma, 011.'13 611 m13111Ju MecTa
Tpc6ano Jta mace OT11pm1111<c: n epy111141ma rnasa, CTepy-
11 11,1111106pno I! CJ!. n peM3 TO."IC, H8jBlllllC ttepoBaTHOkC l!Ma
upcTnOCTaBHa .Q3 cy nOMCH}'Tll H3311Bll H3CTallll y HCllOC-
pem1oj BC311 c 1<)'11TOM Oepy11a Ha TllM MCC'Tl!Ma, jcp cc
rOTOllO y CBllM np11Mep11Ma pa.Qll 0 BllCOBllM3 11m1 B0J18M3.
Bp110 je aepoBaTHo lla jc na CBJ.IM TUM MeCT11Ma nocrojano
1<a1<1Jo coenllJJTC ricpy11oeo, na cc 11e1<11 rcorpact>cH11 o6je-
1<aT (113uop, llOTOH, JlllH3}l3 II c.n.) npo3B30 no 11.CMy,
Jl0Jtam1111 11Mc11y fl cpy11 11acrana1< -(n)Ka. Apxconow1<a
l!CJ(01131lllll>3 no1<a3afic KOJJlll(O cy OBC Mo je llpeTnOCTalJHC
onpa1ma11c.
3 a 11a311 n n c p y 11 11 " 11 m T e, rnTo ra uoce lbHBC n
mrnane y ccny BenomeuQy (y 1<p3ryjeua41<oj J1cne1111-
1l11),H llC .llO>KC 611n1 cyM11.e 1.ta je 11acrao no TOMC UJTO TY
yc11eua 11m1 jc yc11eeana 611Jb1<a nepy1111 1<a: 11acrasa1< -
HWT C je BP!IO 'ICCT y llU311 Ull,\\8 MCCTa no 611n.1<aMa llJll1 110
o6jeKT11Ma 1<oj u cy 11eKan3 TY 6wm, 11np. Oec11wTe, Pyj11-
111Tc, 6pok11rnTc , Kytmwre, Bottem1•mwre, 11TJI.
n C p 0 B 0 6 p .U 0 )' KOJJy6apc1..:0.\\ Cpe3y,n .Qo6i1110 je
11Me caa1<a1<0 no 1<a1<ao.\\ CTcrpy - n epy. Mory cc jow
110."ICll)'Tll 6p.QO 0 e p 11 H 0 B a ll y ceny Bparo•IUHllQll
(ea.'bCBC1<a Oonropmia),n u 1133110 n e p 11 m, urro ra
uocc jc.a110 ce110 y Caplbury,n enc KO.!I cCJia Pa11oeua y
M11am1 u nolbe 1<on Jl)<6o41<e, nKol}e y Mna1m. 30 Y
OKOmnm rl n.cea.'ba je CC!IO CTcpOTllll (fornwa OnWTIHla
~ ... ln>Kh: H1000.wy Jl<n<HMQK. CE3,XVll 0 ~19JO,ll
lt 1'\.1i.. M01J11<h<RMh'. !<"°*<BM... Cfi6Mja.&cwp.... l S76,J6S.
"Jb. rlt11..-Kh: ...,....pU,609.
" M . 1i. . ,\h1J11<henh: ...... J1CJ>O,U7.
'" Jl>)11. J .....,'°""h: 1'!J>o,..,Cli3,V,~196J,276,27',J5',"°6.
 npeMl'iattCKa). Cao nwmsa111 Ta HMClla 113 Cp6ttje ca Hajsc-
l'io'M pe3epBOM H ne yna3elitt HH y 1<a1<Ba pacMaTpafba o
fbHMa.
Y Cp611j11 ce cycpel'ie1110 11 ca JJH'IHHM 11Mc110M 11 ca
TonorpaQ:icKHM tta3HBOM BCOMa CJIH'l!la ·o6mrna ca ITepyH.
T o je Jltt<IHO 11111e ITapy H, Hojc 11m jc, :Ja ca,na, no311aro
ca1110 H3 npC3HMCHa ITapyttOBttl'i. JeJJ.HO ccJJO y OHonuttu
KpyWCBL\3 30BC CC fT a p y H OB a LI, a TO 3Ha'IH JJ,a je
ce.no JJ.06HJJO HMC no HCKOM 'IOBCl<Y ITapy11y. 31 nowro HMC
ITep y 11 OJJ. ttaj crap uj11x spe111etta, OTHaHo je no3ttaTO tt
3a6ene}t(C tto, HOJJ. Hcro<11111x H HOJJ. 1Y*HHX Cnosetta rna-
CH ITcpy 11 ( f1epoy1n.), epno je Mano sepoearnokc JJ,a je
o611111< ITapy11 nocrao OJJ. ITepytt. Y jaapaHCHOM np11111opjy,
mapyH •- OM cc 1133UBa BJlaCllHK ll ynpaBJba'I 111anor p11-
6apc1<or 6poJJ.a, 1<ao H py1<0BOJJ,HJ1aQ qeno1<ynttor p 116ono-
sa ca Ta1<BHM 6poJJ,0111. HMa H poJJ,oea ca npe3HMCHO.\I
ITapytt, no To.11 napyttcrsy. Y Cp611j11 Hllje Taj noja111 Hll
1103HaT, na cc !Ill nocTa11a1< JlH'IHOr HMCHa ITapytt HC MO}t(C
TUM TyMa'lllTH.
HanocJJCTKy, jemia rr
e p y II 111< a j e II y Mai-:eno1111jll:
Ta1<0 ce 30ey s 11c H wy111a 1<0JJ. ce.'la Cs111bll1UTa y npeneny
Kw1eaHjH. H crpa*HBa'I jow 11an0Mttfbe .11a 11a TOM hye11-
1<y pacTe y 113o6ttJbY nepymrna.J 2
Y E yrapCHoj 11cMa ron6rpaQic1rn x ttMena y 0611ll1<y •n e-
pytt -· E11no je H3HeTo JJ,a ce jemia ropa y cpe3y Tawp-
- IT:l3apo111< 3oae ITcpy11oaa ropa, a.im cy K Jnpe<1c1< 11 J
Heanos, npoaepasatt.eM, YTBPJJ.HJIH JJ,a ce Ta ropa 30BC
ITeputt. 13 H eauoe c111aTpa H Taj o6n111< ycno111e110M ua
ITepytta, ocna1baj y lm ce 11a ¢> . M111<11ow11ka 1<oj11 jc 11111c
nna11m1e IT11p11H ( f1ep1111 ) y Ma1<c11mmj11 H3sonn o o.n
t ITepytt • u Ha 11c1<e a11anorujc Oepy11-ITep1m Hon P yca.
A 1<0 611 TO 6Jmo onpaeJJ,ano, 011.ua 611 Ha jym1t0cJ1ose11-
C1<0M TJlY llMaJIH 'lllTaBY rpyny H Tal<BHX HMCHa. Bek cy
Heattosy 6una no3ttaTa ne1<a o.a; nix 11Me11a: MeCTO e-
P tt H 611113y cena DepMana H OcH'la y OKOJIHHH KyMattosa
"lbOOOM 1"«T)'<~pelteM "'""'"'1"" y6J:iM""'j "'""1HHM K poryj<BlllK< rtOCTOi M
HMKOKOOcc.ioTicpyHQBOIJ,NaKQjCH...... J. H!WtQB(HOB. .QCllO, IS7-lS8), KQjHj<.
Q ~ MCJIC;uID,OIMCJ!ROMaTI•PYHOBllll«'.IJIKpywo ...
" T . C..1111.a1mk' KM~CBMj o. CE3, I, 6cor,,.,. l~JS, J60, 4SJ
"l. lliWtOB: 110JO.po.<1,lS7-1S8
( tta TOnorpaQ>C1<oj 1<apTu Boj11or r eorpaQ:icHor UHCTHTYTa
JA ro je ne p e 11 , sue - 1326m - ucroq110 0.1l cena
Ap6a11aw1<or ), n11a11HHa n
e p If II y MaKCJlOHttjH H CCJIO
n e p H II TIO.I{ fbOM, n
e p Ii II r pa .a; l<OJJ. Crol{a y Xep-
uerOBHHH. 34 T o j r pyntt cc Mory .no.nan1 j ow 11c1<011111<11
CJIH'IHH tta3HBtt: ne p H H c I{ a M a JI a y TI'IHlbCHOM
H oeo.\\ Ceny (cpe3 TprOBHWTe) , Ha Il<Imhtt, 35 n e pH -
lb e, pywemrne rpa.a;a y llolbCM E11p<1y, y Eoc1111, H- n
p u u, ceo ue y cpe)l!bO j Eoctt11 11a jyroitcro1< y 0.11 Kperuc-
ea, 11 IT e p y H 11 u a, rpyna 1<yka K0.1l KoTopa. 3 ~
Hsanos jc c111aTpao .a;a ce c 1<yJ1TO.'l-I ITepy na 111omc
]\OBOJlHnl y BC3Y H ll,\\C 6yrapCl<Of rpa!:ta fT C p y W T H -
u e, no311aTO sell 0.1{ x
BC1<a, If TO Ha OCllOBll TOra WTO ce y
je]lHO~! pyc1<0M JICTOn HCllO.\I TCl<CTY rosopu 0 6auafhy
ll.1lOJia ITepyna y peKy B onxou.17 K o.I{ 11ac je apno BCJIHl<H
6poj spena, n OT01<a H PC'llll!a 1<oj11 HOCC CJUl 'IHa HlllCl/a:
n ep }'Tall, ITcpykaL1, IT cpyli.1ma (ITcpywrnQa) u CJt. 0-
6u<iaj 6a Qalba 11.1l0Jl3 y peKy O'lyBaH jc JJ,0 na11aC ! ICJlllMH'l-
HO y o6wiajnMa PHTyan11or npa!ba Hl<OHa. 38 M eljyTHM,
TCWl<O je yonwre J{OBOJJ.HTll Ta1<Ba llMCHa Tc1<y l111x nona y
Ma KaK BY se3y ca 1<YJ1TOM ITepytta ll ~ia KOi" .a;pyror
6o;1<a11crua, jep cy Ta 11Me11a ttaCTai1a npe y se311 ca npa-
!bCM py6n.a, 011eli.e u JJ.p., llITO ce on crapllHe, na 0611q110 u
na11ac, BPllH1 HOA UpcJ1a H 11a TIOTOltHMa H pe<111Qao\\a lllTO
TCl<Y Kpo3 HaCCJha liJi li llOPC.1l lbHX.
III EHJbKA TI EPYH HKA
KoJJ. J Y*IHlX CnoseHa seo111a jc pacnpocrpalbCH 11a3HB
n e p y H ll 1< a 3a je.uny 6nlh1<y (Iris gcrmanica), 11 TO 11111e
ce c npaeo.\\ JlOBOJlU y BC3Y c HlllCllO.\I 6ora ITepyna.
Morna 611 ce noMHllJJbaTH 11 ua TO JJ,a je 6u.ib1<a JJ,o611na
n
"llaooH.lllCCTy.
11
t" J.X.BOC11.r>.eB1<k:/y>1<HoCTapa Cp(iHja,ll.6eof;>Ul91J,217.
C. TpojOHQoKk: r.llOBKH cpncKK "'PTH<HH ot'i H~ •JH. XVll,
c:n;, &corpo;1 l91l,
" l.lllWIOo:no..pa.o,,158
!19...'..;C:: 'laj><D1Q11Mk:C1y.1t1ti<KJpem<rxjcH<l><>si"""P11·CE3, XXJ,Scocpo.ri 1924,
 11Me no csoj 11M Ka pa1<Tep11cr11•11111 ~1 JlllCTOBltMa y o6mrny
nyra•nm x a omTp11x ncpa. Ono }'"TOJlllKO npc wro poro-
mapn 11a Kocony jem1y c1ia611jy Bpcry 111CBapa 30BY •nC·
py1mKa•, no lbCllltM ncpacr11/i1 1111CTOB11Ma. Anu npcrrun
npcrnocrallKC .na ce je ncpymrna, 61tn.Ka ca ;1cn11M unc-
TOJI, npo3Bana no numoj oco6111m CHoj11x n 11croBa roeop11
y npno.11 pcny 311a<1aj11a •1111bC1111ua na ce y lly6posmrny 11
lbCro~oj OKOJlllllll Ta llCTa 611JbKa 30HC 6 0 r II Ul a, Tj .
6o>K11J11 LIBCT. Y Ko11aun 11Ma 11 y lly6poBmmy na.::ia Ha 29.
an pnna npa31UIK C s c T11 fl eTa p Ii or uwap, Kora
y lly6pon111n<y cna11c .ll,OM\llHI K3Hl..lll (KaTOJJll'IKll Kany-
l}cpcKll pcJU: •Tall 11ajeTaj y 6ornwe, a y 11pKll11 cscrora
no.1\CH1ma, TIO CTapllllCK0.'1 o611'-iajy, fina rOC11Jb3.jy Taj
llBHjCT, 11 no TOMC 11apo.r1 30BC ooora CHCQa Doruwap •. 19
0<111rne.rvio jc na cc pa;m o noKanno.'1 npcHOWCJbY npc-
xp11whaHc1<or 1<y11Ta ua jcJU1or xpmukaHCKOr coeQa. •Eo-
r11we •, 6narocno1J1bCHC y UPKBll 11a 11a11 cs. f!CTpa BorH-
mapa, y311Ma y lly6pomnu; y 11apon 11 uocu Kyh11 3ajem10
ca 6narocnoBJbCllOM UOJIOM J.la 6or ca•1yoa o.n rpo.11a TY
Kyk.y y Ho joj jc 6or11111a, a 6onCCIHIUll nnj y O.Q OllC BO.QC Jla
03Jlpasc. Y 01<om11111 lty6pou mu<a, 6orntuc, y6paHC Ha
C1rncoo.na11 11 Ta.na 6narocnoun,c11c y UPKBll (y ccny Iipcc-
'-m11aMa naK 011c 6ormuc Koj 11Ma cy 611m1 01<11hc1m •Kp11-
am . WTO cc HOCC TOr JlaHa), 11apol1 CTaBJba II y nojaTc,
6a111T1111c 11 y :Jaca11c JI.:l 611 6o;i.c po1t11m1 TC roJ11111e . Ha
Cn.acot1Jla11 11oce y OKOJ1111111 Tpc6mw y up1rny 11cpy111my,
KOJY 30HY 11 •J<a11yl}ep •, !(ace 6naroc.'IORll, 11a TY 11epym1-
1;:y nocnc }'110TJ)C6Jb3Bajy K:lO SleK 33 Jle<IClbC o6o.'ICJ101'
rp!1a."'I JopJla11 H0a1100, KO,\IC jc 6m10 n03Haro .ila cc
ncpy11111<a Y lly6poa1t11 Ky 3011e 6ornwa, llOJlao je J<ao
311a•iaj11y nojCJlllllOCT K:lKO cc y OKOJlllllll 'FiycrcHrorna H y
rpan.y O e111rep11 (y IiyrapcKoj) ocpyje .na kc, aKo He
npoU,BCTa nepy1111Ka, yMpern HCKO y 011o j Kyli11 ua •mjoj je
3CMJbll Ta 6HJbKa. 0 fl opc.n rora, ncpymma ce n y Eyrap-
CKOj CM:lTPa neKOllllTOM 6HJhKOM II neeojKC yncrrpe6Jbasa-
: ~-;;::;~~.:.-:i~'.!. ~~~~,8~ZOJS, XXI[, Zqnb 1918, 31&.
" l. llMOlfOIO:"°"'·ll"l•IS9-160
jy HllTC Oil 11cpy11111<e y Jby6aem1M spa1,16imaMa. 0 OooMe
Mory JlO,!laTll llCKC HOBe no11aT1<e KOjll kc 110Ka3:1Tll ,!la
ucp y1111Ka II y llPYrttM o6naCTl!Ma llMa KYJJTllll 3H34aj.
Ccoc:Kc ncuoj1<e cnyna no npel)a1mb0j Cp611j11 raj11ne cy,
110 OKO 1880- 1890, no 6aWTllU,aMa ceJICH {MllJIOJlyX), ne-
pymmy H 6ocHJbaK. Y Ma<1011 cy ce ,aeooj1<e 11 MJlaJtC
!ICBCCTC pa.ao KllnUJC nepy1111KO.\\, a y HeKllM KpajeBl!Ma
Cp6nje (pac1111cK11 cpe3, Ma•rna), nepy11111<a ce ynOTpe6-
Jbaeana Kao JICK Oil yxo6o.-..c O,llHOCHO OJl rpno6oJbC. Kao °
ncK OJl yxo6oJbC yncrrpe6:w ua ce •,\\OJlpa nepym11<a • 11
11a11ac (1948) y 0Kom11111 OpoKymw . Ha Kocoey ycneoa
11epy1m1<a 11 lbOM ce na Dypl}cs.nau Kl!Te JlCQa. Y 01<onm111
Y>101Ua yuOTpc6n.aea ce nep yH11Ka y HCKllM Mal)11jcK1tM
paitibaMa y oe311 c yc1< p1m1,11M jajeTO.\I. Y Bp11111y, y Eaua-
Ty, yo<m D ypljc1ma11a crann.ajy noJl rnaoy ncpyu11Ky,
6cJm J1y1<, 11ene11 11 l)ypl)mt. Oopen 6oclUbKa, y CpeMy je
ncpy11111<a najcncn1ja 6nJbKa, 11 fbO.\IC Ki!TC 11Ko11c. To je
IJCO,\ta 31l:l•iaj Ho, jep cy llKOHC 33MCHIJJIC 11cr.naw1bC H.ll,Onc.
Morylmo jc tl:l je c1m01111M •6ornma • 3:1 611JbKY 11cpy-
H1tKY 6110 pa1111jc 1103HaT II 113DaH ,Uy6pon1111Ka II lbCl"OBC
Ol<OJlllllC. Amt, y CD:ll<OM CJly4ajy, l!Mel!a CJlll4Ha 06n1ma,
}'KOJ1m<0 ce n1e 11ruta3C, y 1Jc311cyc11cK11MKynTOM. Mome
cc llpCT!IOCTaBJhllTll na Ile Hajnpe 611n1 y BC3Jl c KYJJTOM
O cpyua, o6311poM 11a 3Ha4aj OcpyHa y crapoj cnoec11cKoj
pem1ruj 11 ll Ha npcJlMCTC KOjll HOCC Ta 11Me11a. Bek caM
110.11c11yo KaKO y 6m1moj OKOJll!Hll KypwyMJ11tje, Ha Tepe-
HY }f<JIBC paJllbC BCJll1KOr myna11a HcMa1 bC, KOj ll je 6atu y
TOM Kpajy e11cpru4110 paJlHO Ha )'TBpl)usatt.y xp11111ha11-
craa, 11Ma ceno fl epyHnKa, a y cycem10.\I npe11e11y npeMa
ceecpy ceno 6 or 11 we. Ha manOCT, 1111caM ycneo na
11p116aa11M llllKaKBllX 6nmt<HX o6aBCllITefba 0 TO.\\ .npyro.\\ .
ce11y. ltanac ro 1mje MO»<Jla mt MOIJ'h110, o6311poM Ha TO
.na cy Yroj o6Jiacr11 y TOKY XVI I I eeJ<a 113epwcHe Kpynue
flJ'O.\\CHC y CTallOBlllllUTBy.
Hilyk.11, 1826, tta ceo.11 nyrosafb y no Cp611 j11 KHC33
M1U1oiua, K1b111t\cumtK joaJ<llM Byj11k. npowao je, nocne
~~~~~~i:::;.H•p<>...... Btpl Mp<l1Mr>f<QH>I ""p<>.:lHM o6M""M. C611 Y,
• >C. Tpo ia-M~:Ka•.nc.oo,1 1 8- 1".
XXVl!l,
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= s• ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
ccna }f(a6apa, KJX>3 cc.no Mpantwttk, 11c110.n n.Jiamme
4 y6pm..ie, 011.na JlOWao 11a n3BOp 6 or 11 UJ tt 11 a Q, na y
ceno Sy1<osa11. 44 Cna cy Ta MCCTa y umpoj OI<OJIHllll
Barbe ea.
Jlwmo HMe Bornwa 1<0.n Cp6a je eeoMa perno, 11 TeK
113 HOBHjer BpCMCll3. npc111a TOMC, BpJIO jc BCpoB3T!IO JJ:3 CY
H TH n0Me11yr11 ronorpa<t>c1m 11a311s11 113 Cp611je y BC3H c
llMCHOM 6HJbKC 6or11wc, Koje je UCKa;:ta MOrJJO 6HTH 1103-
HUTO II y roj 3CMJbll, ltJlll 11enocpe,1UIO y BC311 c HCKHM
crapttHCKHM 1<ynTOM. Oeo 11apo411TO ape.1111 33 noMettyrtt
n3eop Boruw1rnaQ.
HMe mepy11n1<a «, 11m<0 ja1<0 pacnp<>crpaH>e110, m:1je on-
llITC l<OJl JY>t<HHX Dioectta. CeM aek nOMCH}'TOr HMCHa
•6ornwat, nocroje 11 .npyr11 tta3HBH . Ta1<0, Ta 611Jb1<a 30BC
ce HOll. Cnoee11a11a •pa u: a•, a y noje.n111111111 1<pajee11Ma 11:
n unuja nnaea, xnnnaeau, x1111non1111K, MCti tt ra,
llJIOTHHK, llCT CJI HHOB pen, ca6Jba, WKapj 11L1a, 0
a y Upuoj f optt •Ma•1111.1•. "' M11oro je 31ialfajm1je .rut ce n
6111bKa y jeL1HOj JICKapy um 113 CnaB01111jc 30BC JIC Jrnja
n naaa 11.uaTOHJ\IC11 113uac >1<11s11 y uapony y Cnaso1mj11.• 7
Y TOM 3Ha1.1c1by je pc1.1 no:maTa H y noJbCl<OM jc3111<y. Oeo
llMC je o6m11<0M BCOMa /UlJICl<O, ynpaeo llCMa 11111<a1<ee BC-
3e C llMCHOM ncpyua, aJIH II TO !IMC je, BpJJO BCpoBaTHO,
y BC3H C HCKllM l<YJITOM, Ilpcc.llOBCHCKllM 111111 CJIOBCH-
C!<llM. HaHMC, y c11oae11c1<11M p11TyanH11M CTllXOB11Ma 11
pc4JpemMia sco.11a jc •1ccr 113pa3 tJJCJbOf llJlll t.JhCJbOt. Taj
H3pa.3 II cnaBOHC!<a fJICJlllja• cy BCO.\la CJlll'-11111 no o6nu1<y,
a, Kall ce Y3MC y 06311p p1nyan1111 II KYJITHll 1<apaKTep H
jem1or 11 L1pyror, OllLla nocraje aeposaT11a 11 lbllXOBa ce-
Ma1rru•11<a ae:ia.
6H1b!<a nepy1m1<a je, npeMa CBCMY 113JIO>l<CHOM, O'lll-
rncm10 6una 6111b1<a 1<oja je urpa.ria 311u11y ynory y 11er-
11aunbCM n epy11000.11 1<y11Ty, na je nj 311a•iai L1em1M11lf110
ca•1yaana 1111011a11ac.
"J. ByjM~: rl)'T<UJ<Cr~•i • tlQ C.p(i•iM , ll. 6eorpa,n, CK:). 47 ,
tJr.nko llark:Prinoslsl<W<nll.imnazi•imabilio.ZN?.OJS.XXXJ/l.l.agrob l9l7,
19
; ~.'i"°1i:i~~~n""lj':.",:~~'ZNZ"<:Js~Wv~~~. 249.
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= s1 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
IV JUfl.JHA 11MEHA ITEPYH
11 IT EPYHl1KA
Koll ce11x J y>1<m1x Cnoeena no3HaTa cy n11<111a 11Me11a:
nepyu 33 MYW!<apue, a n epy11a, n cpy11111<a It CJJ. 33
>l<CHCl<C.
j opJJ,aH Heauoe je naaeo, Ha npao.11 Mecry, 11e1<0JJ111<0
np11Mepa H3 6yrapc1<e H Ma1<enom1je. Myw1<0 HMC y
o6JJ111<y n cpyH 61mo MY je IlOOHaTO Ca\IO H3 TpllCKOr Cpe3a
y 33na.1111oj 6 yrapc1<oj. Y 11cro.11 Hpajy cy y o6u<1ajy 11
>l<CllCK3 llMCHa n cpyua, nepyu1<a H n cpylll!Ka; TIOCJIC,ll-
lba 11ua cMaTpa x11no1<op11cr111<01mMa OLI npuora. 0 TaKBO
ofijallllhClbC CC UC MO>l<C llPllMllTll. HMC n cpy11Ka jc
113BCJ1CllO Oil fl cpy11 auanorno Heall - Heau1<a, Ueemn
- Unenrn1<a 11T11., a 11,11c n cpyHHKa je no 611JbU11 ncpyH11-
u.11. >KcHCHO !IMC nepy11a 611JIO je Il03HaTO Hea11oey jow
113 01<0JJ1111c Pa.uo.\\11pa, HxT11MaHa 11 Co4J11jc y liyrapc1<oj,
1<ao H llMC n epy11n11a 113 Ma1<CJ10HHjc. HaBO,!l.11 H l{CTllpH
TlpllMCpa llMC!la n epy11111<a, n cpy1111ra, nepylHH.la 113 cpn-
CHHX 11 6yrapc1<11x 11apo111mx nccaMa. Hnauoe cMaTpa Lia y
TY rpyny cna.uajy 11 11Me11a flap yn 11 napyua, 110311ara y
HCKllM KpajcBHMa 6yrapc1<c. 0
Q Jlll'IHllM HMCHl!Ma ricpyH II nepym11<a KOLi OCTaJJllX
Jym1111x Cnoactta Haa11on jc 3uao aeo.\\a Mano: 11a y
CnaTIUlll l<Oll Ya1.1Ha iKHBll po11 ncpy1111lf1th11, 11a jc -
ro6ome - 1<011Cp6a 11Xpaara11ouc11ae11a 611no y o611<1ajy
Jlll'lllO 11,\\C n cp}'HKO II J13 je MYlllKO HMC n cpy11 H Ca,!la y
o611•1ajy l<OA CJIOBC!lat\a. 50 n ocneL1Jbll 110.rutTaK jc 113 ,lleJJa
r. KpcHa. 06n111< •n cpy111<0' uawao jc Hea11on y fpme-
T11ha, llCKpllTH'IUOr TIHCUa. nowTO Taj o611111< HC llaJia3H
nOTnpne 1111 c 1<ojc crpa11c, uchy cc Ha lbCra 1111 ocnpTaT11.
To 1111jc 1111 n0Tpe6110 np11 o611Jby 11pyror MaTcpujana.
J l11•1110 11Me ncpy11 noonaro je 11 1<on Cp6a y 611aweM
BpalbC!<0.11 OKpyry, ,llaHJIC y Cpe,lltbCM jyiKHOM n o.11opae-
Jby.~' Tpoja11oe11h TBPAll ,Ila Cp611 11a.uenajy JICQll HMC
•• 1. !lul HO•:"°"·l'""'• ISS-156
••11,,...l>OJl,IH- 157.
" HaOOll. *<1)'
"M . "& . M1uMllautll: K p&JW"aMHOCp6.ija.~l&8',ll6.
 n epyu, oco6HTO y Macypil'-UW.ll Cpe3y, l<Oj ll je y nO.\ICHy-
TOj o6Jlacn1. u E11no je rora 11Mc11a cea1<a1<0 n Jlpyrne no
Cp611j11. Ta1<0 11np. y CCJIY K11jcay, y nene11111-111, m11e11
poll n epyllOBlil'IH nope1<nO.'ol 113 6cnl!L\C y BCJllll<OM n oMO-
paan,y. n To HMC jc no3HaTO 11 •1ccro u )laHac y Up11oj
f Opll, r)le je T3.KOl)e 'ICCTO H Ope31!MC n cpy110B11fi. n o3ua-
TO je ll y np'lalhy, y EOKll.'" Enno je, ll3rllC.!la, y yllOTpc-
611 1t y Eoc1-11t: y .UolbeM .Uo6puhy, y Cp6uju, >t<11nc
n epy11onnh11, <m jH cy npeuu .[{Olllllll 113 Bcn111<or Cena y
Bocu u, 55 a y :>Ka6ap1rna, y noH<apcaa•nwj Mopasu, poa
n epym(H , nopexnoM H3 XepucromtHe. 5•
Bch je Byxy Kapai,mh y 611110 110011aTO H<CHCl<O 11Me
n cpymni:a 11 ou ra je yueo y csoj Pje11m11c Bepoimnm je
.113 je 3a lb 3uao 113 :Janan.u nx cpncKllX Kpajcna. Pje'IHllK
3arpc6a'IKC AKaneM11jc 3tta 3a TO 11Me caMo 110 By1<y. Y
U p11oj r opn je OHO II a a11ac l.ICCTO. :>Kel!CKO Jlil4110 i!MC
n epy11111<a 110M111bC ce, 1836, y ccny 3se311a11y y oi<omm u
3ajc4apa. 51 Jbrnc.ua 11a je 0110 y roj 06.1acr11, y cescpo-
1icroq110j Cp611j11, 61t110 nocra y o611qajy, jep cc y Toj
0611acru cycpchy npc3tt111c11a n3ae.ucua 011 lbcra: ll epy1111-
'IH, po.n y M aJlOlll l-fanopy,58 n cpymumlrn, po11 y P1-1jc•1-
1wj (HeroT1mc1<a 1<paj uua), ll0Cen.c1111 ca l{ocoaa, 5 ~ 11 n c-
pymnmhu y Jaccmn.tn ( Hc1"0Tm1c1<a Kpaj 1t11a), .uocclhc1m
H3 lUyMan.11 je. 60 n epytt111.1nha wr1.a 11 y o611acr11 crape
PawHc, nay ot<omum YH<ll'lt<c n o)f{cre 11 l.la\lt<a. P je'IHHI\
J yrocnaBCHCKC 3K3.!1Cllutje y 3arpe6y H3B0,!(H \ICTllPll np11-
MCpa npe311Me11a CTepyHH•m h, 11 ro cea 'ICT11pn 113 Cp611 je.
r . Kpe H je 11pouHcao t<3J1 je mtcao )la ouaj KO Tp'IH 3a
11:manaH<elhCM no33jMnua MO)f{e, ltp>t<etm cc 11apo.nue CT11-
Monor1-1je, 011 n epyMMKe )loil.11 Ila Bcponllt<y, Tj. y Bcpo1111-
"C.Tpoi•-•Hh: uoR.ne;>o, 114.
" T . Pa.o.Hooi<BHh:J1<11<1<m10.CE3.XV,6.orpo.1 191l ,262.
"RjofoikJu roslavtnskcokadcmijc. pod : l'crun (iivorM . Rdctar: Dcrf1okovi>d,.
Diokkt)
"&.)l( MH.r><>jCHHh: l'ol)<eH110H J._...p.Cl!3,XX,&corpa.1191J,807.
NM.... .\ll<Ot,llH- Hll: lloot<Op<ea~"" ,\\opollo. CE3. XLlll, ~ 1928, 99
" Tu. p, l'>opl)teNll: A]>XH8CU rpaljl • ""°"""' 1 Cf6ijM. CE3. XXXVll ,
~-3<.oo)'Hl92~,,JO.
173..: 1~";:..;=.r"~n!..."":::.c;-;i;~· ~. 't"'O~Lv, ~
1
19«!,
n_ __ 21l
UH BllllCTll npBo611THll o6Jl11K npee. 61 Me~yruM , H . rp-
iHCTllh jc OTJtwao nan.c na TepJ1110 aa ce jc Hoa .Cp6a 11
Xpaarn llMC n epy11111<a 1.1 y110 'ICCTO llOK je HllCY npe1<pcr11-
m 1 y Bepommy. 0 H1rnat<na J:lOHa.33 mi jc 11aaeo 33 ro
TB pl)elbC.
P jc'IHHK J yroc11aac11cHe aKa)leM11je jc crao 11a rncnumTc
na jc n H\1110 llMC h epyu 113DCJlCHO O)l n cpo, Tj . .ua 0110
llllje y DC31i C m lCltOM 6mKaf!CT!la n epyna. 3a11cra lt3r11C-
l l3 Jja jc 111oryh110 JIU Ta llMClla HCMajy Y3PO\ll/C llC3C MC~Y
co6o,,1 11 .na jc Jtn<mo llMC Oepy11 nocrai10 nonyr 11Mc11a
Pa,nyu, M11ny11, Kopyu, f opyH, llTll. fl a nnat<, MHOro je
nepoaaTHl!jC Jl3 Jc "'' YillKO UMC n epyu y BC311 c llMCllO.\\
6ora n cpy11a, a t<ao nOCJ1enm1a o6111.1aja na ce ncu11 aa jy
11MCHa 6oroea 11n 11 caCTaua: nOCTOjao je o6111.1aj na cc
n,y1111 11a311aajy no 6o>t<aHCTBHMa Hn ll Jl,CMOllllMa II T3
11Me11a cy npo11ym1wa .na cc ynOTpe6n.aeajy H noWTO cy
o.1111oc11a 6o>1<a11craa CKttuyra ca ceor npecrona. Tparoec
ror, noxp11wha11.c11or, o611qaja Bll.!lllMO 11 na11ac y o611\lajy
na ce JICLIH najy u,,1c11a xpmuha11c1<11x ceCTaua. T aj o611<ia j
je 6110 11e1<a)l.a TOJ11t KO ja1< )la cy 11aum npeun y cpe.n1heM
BCKY HOCllml no .11aa llMCIJa : 11apO)lllO llMC Ii llMC llCKOr
CBCTHTC!ba xp11mha11CKC UPl<BC.
Ca >t<CllCKI\,\\ 11,\\CllOM llcpy1111Ka creap croj11 JlPYl<'Ulje.
Ko.II. Cp6a cy 'ICCT!l H<CHcKa 1tMC11a Koja cy 113ae.11cua on
011roeapaj yh11x •"'Yll.IKll X 11 ~1c ua JlO.naTKOM -Ka, unp. Joea11
- j oea111<a, M w1y11 - M 1rny11 1-m, llTJI. Y TY rp yny
cnan.a, 1<ao ruro ca111 n0Mc11yo, 11 11Me n cpytt t<a, xojc jc
noouaro uc caMO y 6 yrapcKoj 11ero 11 y Cp611j 11, y 6naw cM
Hpywcea'l1<0,11 oKpyry. 0 Meljyr11M, llMC Ocpy11 111<a 11c
cna.n:a y TY rpyny. Ocpymrna je, O'l1irnc.nuo, y ae311 c
!!MC1to.11 6un,i;e 11epy111n<e, jcp ce no o6mrn y noTny no
CJla)f{C c TllM llMCllOM, a 11ojasa TaHBOI" llMCHa jc caCBl!M
o611'11ta KU)l cc UM a y lll!JlY IWJlllKO je KOJI cmtx Jym1111x
Crioac11a 0~111JLC11 o611qaj aa ce llCLIU 11ajy lfMCHa 110 uncky
111111 no nnon;om1Ma: jarmrna, Jaron;a, KamtHa, B11w11,a,
HapaHJ;a, J1y611ua, Py)f{Ht(a, J111Jha11a. A nowTO ue MO>t<e
••G. Krrl<: - . ,,.,.,,Jll6.
"' H. fl)>MT1lll: KM. -,912- 19).
"C. T poiaoom<ll: , . . -. ...,,,..
====== 90 ======
6HTH cyM1bC .Ila je 6HJbHa ncpym rna npo3ea11a n o TOM e
wro jc ue1rn.na foma y TCCHoj ee311 c KYJJTOM 6or a nepyna,
>t<CHCKO 1111\C n epymrna je n OCpe,ll,HO y BC31l C HMCHO.\\ 6ora
flepyua.
v TPArOBH ITEPYHOBA KYnTA y
OEH '-IAJHMA H BEPOBAl-bHMA
Ha po.n1m o6H4ajn Jy»mnx Cnouena 11 lbl!XOBllX uaj-
6.r111>1<11x cyceJI,a 1111cy HHWT3. Apyro nero 6oraTa p113Hl!Ua
111at,i11jc1mx paA1b3, ecpc1mx npeJtcraea 11 o6114aja KOju
eo.a;c nopcKJJo 11a J.tae11e CTI1p1111c, ca pa::umx crynan.a
1<yJTTyp11or pa:mnn<a 11 113 paa1111x 1<ynryp1111x H3BOpa.
H 111a Mct,iy lbHMa HCCYMlbHBO AlllOro Tora UITO j c 113 crape
cnoac11cHe pcmtrn jc. Ha manocr, m1jc 611110 .llOBOJbllO
npoy<iaaa!ba y T0.'11 rlO rJI C.llY WTa y H3Wll M 11apoJlHllM
o6114aj11Ma 11 eepoea11,11111a eoroi nopc1<110 113 Kynn crapnx
cnoee11c1rnx 6oroea M&J{a je eeh ca6pana o6ntiaTa rpat,ia y
KOjoj Ile cc CHryp110 11ak.11 II n o.tt3.Ta1<a OBC BpCTC. LJHEbellll
cy HCKll rtOKywaj11, 11apol.!11TO y 011.nocy 11a fl cpym1, a
11e.nas110 11 y nor11ei1y 6ora Cee11TOB1tAa (o611 •mj •M1rna-
lbe •). TaHo, npo<i>. Hea11oe je np1mym10 HCHC no.naTI<c
HOjH 6u CC TllQaJlll HYJJTa CTcpy11a, a.rm OHi! HllCY .rtOBOJb!IO
nop.na1111 11 y6eA1hl!Bll: 6yrapcHll xanyl)ep 113 XVIII ecHa
Cm1pu.no11 1mcao jc Ha1<0 y 6 yrapc1<0j , jom y tt.eroeo
epcMc, nowryjy CTcpy11a, a y craap11 je on11cao •.no.none •,
Mel)y HOj11Ma je je.n110 JJl!Qe mepy1u. Ha Apyro.'11 Mecry jc
Cm1p11.no11 113jemia'lauao n epy11a ca rpo.l!O.\\. TaKo 11cro 11
y je.n110M ApyroM 6yrapcHOM pyHom1cy c xpaja XVI II
ee1<a (•CoKpomrutc rrheM'h•) My11>a ce 113jcmm1.1yje ca
•nepy11 •. IiyrapcHll m1cat1 It3 no6a npcnopona Bae. Anp11-
noe 113HOC:ll (184 1) Aa H>C My caBpeMCHll Iiyrap11 y CBOjHM
11apo.n1111111 nccMaMa CJJaee n epy11a, KOJicAa, Jla.n.y 11 Jhe-
Jba! .. Cec jc TO, 1maK, epno CYMlbllBO: He caMO WTO TllM
nOJllllM IlOMCHl!Ma 1111je .ttOK833.HO na je TaAa 611110 TIOlllTO-
ealba n epy11a y EyrapcHo j, 11ero HC 113rJJCAa AOBOJbHO
onpaeAana 1111 npernocraeHa na Tl! noMCHll no11aJyjy .ri:a jc
====== 91======
TY nocroja.rm Tpa.n.11L111ja o n cpy11y. 6 s l"l pc 61i ce, KOA cmix
TllX flOMCHa, MOl'JlO roeopllTll 0 }'Tlll.(aj11Ma 113 HlblOKCBHO-
CTll .(pycKe) a HC 0 BCPllOM 11pc11owe1by 113 HapoJ:mor
>f<llBOTa.
Be11111<y TCWl<Ohy npe.ncraun,.a ll TO WTO Mil 11na1< 3fla,\\O
CY81lWC MaJJO 0 3Tp116yT11Ma CJJODCllCl\01' 6ora n cpyua Ii O
o6.r111w1Ma ~ CaJJ.P>f<llHll u.eroua 11cr.o.am1bCr 11ynra. CTO-
ra, !IC Ct•ICJY cc CMaTpaTll OCTa.QllMa H>Croea KYJlTa cua
ecpoaa1b3 HOJl Jym1111x Cnonc11a o rpoMy, Myu.11 11 CJJ. ,
Ma.o.a yc nOMCUC Ha lbCroe l< YJIT 1"pe6a Tpam11n1 y TIPBOM
pc.ny 6aw Mcl)y 06111.1ajmria ll BCpoBalbllM3 HOjtt cy y BC311
ca rpo~IOM, MYlbOM II KIUIJOM. 3aTHM, BpJJO je eepoeaTuo
na ce Yparoe11 n cpy11oea Hynra o.ttp>f<aaaj y 11 y eeo.'lla
pac11pocrpau.e110."1 II !ow YBCI< npnJ111•mo >f<llBOM KYJJTY
xpacra. Y Ma1<e.110HllJH 11Ma 11 c~cT11x raj eea xpacroe11x,
ca MaJJll"'.' KanenaMa YH~'T pa, 1<0111 AlllOl'O noncehajy 11a
ceCTC raieee 1<0.n crap11x Cnone11a, a.rm n 1<on APYrnx
napoAa. CaMo hy 110111e11y-ru Kao np,10 CMCJ!y npCTnocrae-
"Y .na II y npa3llOB31bY 'ICTBPTHa Tpe6a MO>KJJ:a rne.11:an1
ycnoM~11 y na HYJJT Oepy11a. ~am1e , aeo.'lla je pa11mpc11
o611•iai .ua ce crporo npa3HY/Y 'ICTBPTl..llt OA Bcmmor
'ICTBJ)TKa .no Cnacon.aa11a, 11 TO 6aw pa,ll,ll 01.1yeaH>a yceea
OA BpeMe11c1<11x 11enoro.ri:a. KoA nOJianc1<11x Cnoeeua
4CTBJ)TaK je 1133118311 n epyHOBll,\\ !1aHOM: nepytt)].all.
~a6eJ1eme11 a j e~ y Cp611j11, y npc.ncn y Jlee<1y, necMa
l<OJY •1o6a111i neoa1 y o noxna.n.aMa. necMa r11ac11:
Moja .MajKa liu.nU.M IUKa ,
g:JuHgJUpu, g:JuHg:JUp Jnaaio,
Tpy~epu, Wpy M6ep 6em e, flepyHe, fleaipe, Kapatfiujo MOj.'
H:iamKQlla, MeHt :Jba/la.
HJ6ojU11a PfJ:JHt 6oje,
A Hajbume pyce 6oje.
1iu.nuM lie ce Uo~eUaiUu,
311aUio lie ce UoiUpomuiUu,
A ja ocma be•mo Uiy:HGaH.
( llocneca11<1Drcniq,je ..,,...1tpM.,......, •,- np-x-).
•• L. Niclorlc:...., . /WI0,99-JOO

Caonwrn'l ncn11Je .ua jc TO epno crapa nol<JiaJJ.Ha ne-
CMa: 1011a je llllTCpecaHTl!Hja y TOJJHKO BllUIC WTO ce y lhOj
o'lyeao crapn CJJOBCHCKll mac .ll3, oncea crapor CJJoec11-
cKOr 6ora n epyHa, HaroecmTaeajytlu !ICKY npcry cee'la-
11ocr11, Koja HH JJ.O .uaHac mijc paceCT!bCna ll, 11aj3a.U, y 1b0j
cc HOMlllbC hmm.11: Kao y1<pac1111 aJi.CTa1< 113 11ajcrapnjer
Hatucr )tmBoTa Ha lirurna11y . • ~~ Me~yrnM, nccMa, caMa no
cc611, 11e ca11p>Kll HllKaK!lC p1nyam1c CJICMC!ITC, HllTll ce
MO»<e Tep.nnnt .ita jc luumM 113 11awcr 11ajcrap11je r »<HBOTa
11a 6anKa11y 11 CJJ. A.rm , np1mce y TC HCCMC je, 3lmcra,
3allllMJbll B. Moryhe jc JJ,a jc 11aKa.J1CM1bC11 Ha lbY 113 He1<0r
pam1jcr pencpTI>apa. Ann, MOr yhc jc 11 .na HCMa 11111<aKBC
BC3C ca n cpy110,\\ 11cro .ua CC 11,\\C n cpyu TY jaBJl>ll Kao
x11n0Kop11CT111<0H y o.uttocy npe~ia m•1c11y O cTap.
KoJJ. cscra wro caM no caJJ.a 11aeeo MO»<e cc pa1Jy11an1 11
ca .UPYrllM H3BOPHMa IUlll TIOBO)l,JlMa a llC caMO ca 6orO.\\
n epy110.'I 11 lbCl'OBHM KYJIT0,'1. Crora, OBOM npllJillKOM
33..llp»<atly cc CaMO Ha je.unoM o611 •iajy KOj!I HC caMO IJO
ca.upmmm ceojoj ttero 11 no ceo.1t 11Me11y 1131'JICJJ.a Jla jc
ca'lyeao ycnoMeny ua no6a 1<aJJ,a jc 6110 ue3a11 :ia nepy11a.
T o cy uawc .uo6po no311aTc noJJ.OJIC mm npn o-
p y we, Ma.JIC pITTyrume noeop1<c ncuoj•nuta (no11er.nc TO
113BOnc MJJaJJ,11h11) 1<oje y .n:o6a TCWKC cywe o6uml3C CCJI0.'1
11 113BOJJ.C paJJ.lbC Koie Tpe6a .ua y111m1ocr1rnc 11c6o .ua
nycru 1mw y.
0611•iaj je no311aT KOJI ce11x J yam11x Cnoecua 11 JJ,cmt-
MH'lHO 1<0.U tb HXOBllX cyccJ].!I Ap6a11aca, U11111.1apa, rpKa II
PyMy11a, a 11Ma ceoje napa..nenc ll Kon npyr11x eeponcK11x 11
BaHCBpoTICKllX HapoJJ,a. n peMa TO.'IC, !IC MO»<C CC CMaTpaTI!
.ua jc 1101111Kao 113 Kyn-ra n epy11a 11 .ua je y sc311 caMo c
1b11M. n o cymrn1111 ceojoj, .uo.itone npencraaJbajy 3611p
Tllnll4111tX Mal)11jC1<llX pa,!llLa: CllC lbllXOBC pa.u1bC (nrpc,
113JlllllalbC BO.UC II CTllXOBH ca MOJlllTBaMa, npatlettll 116-
naBJblllbCM 11 pe¢ipe11nMa) 11Majy cM11cao JJ.3 cc concrec-
llOM, JbYJJ.CKOM c11arOM yr114e ua npnpony na ce 113Jl11jc
KHwa Kao wro cc H3J11tea eona 113 cynona na .uonOJJc. Kao
.. rknp iK. l"krpoaN~: M<>ja _...j1<11 hM1'M• n<a. !{.....,,..HM cr.q>, CJfi<mollO
1926,114
:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;~ 93 :;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;~
TaKae, o6111Jaj 11n 11 o6pen nononc1<11 jc crapujn on cea1<or
ecpoean.a y .ue111011c 11m1 6orose. Y1<0JJ111<0 ce jc o6114aj
ec3ao ca n cpynoM 111111 npyr11M 6oma11creo.1t, no TOra jc
.uowno Mnoro nou1111je a 11a 11a41111 Kao WTO je y jom
no31111jc upeMe 11 xp11111tla11cKa 11p1<ea y311Ma.J1a,non cnoje
M1101-e npcxp11wtla11c1<c o6111Jajc. AKO cy JJ.OJ10J1c, 110 cuoM
TIOCT3HI<)' 11 110 CB0,11 CMllCJly, CTapl!je OJ], KYJITa n cpyua,
ouc cy cc, y apcMC 1<a11 jc l<O.II Cnoee11a, y pa3m1TKY
11>11xose pcmir11ic, JtOtllJlO JlO rora na cy ce noja11111111
uojMOllll 0 llHJlJIBllJIYam1ca1111M JtCMOlmMa II 6orom1Ma,
BC3a..'le C KYJIT0,11 JJ.CMOf\3 a llOCJIC 6ora n cpyua, KOjll je
6110 6or rpo.\\a, MYILC 11 o6na1<a (1mwc): nouopKC cy cc
o6patla.J1c, y MOJlllTBH, llcpyuy, rum cy 11 Jla.rbC 113BOJJ.llJIC
Mal)11jcKe p!lJl!bC 1<ao 11 pattujc, na TaKO pa11e n JJ,auac
no11cr11e.
,Ua cy nononc 3llllCTa 61111e y BC311 ca KynTOM Ilepyua 11
M cc y TOM p11Tyamio.1t o611•mjy 'l)'Ba ycno,11e11a 6aw ua
H>C ra, 11MaMo ocnonl.lll 33. ca.ua jc.u11110 y 11a311uy ror o611<m-
ja, llOWTO cy CBll OCTaJl ll CJ!Cfo\CHTll TO I" o611<mja crap11 j11
o.u nocra1ma n cpyuoua 1<ynTa. 0611l/aj, 11c caMo y cywn1-
1111 uero 11 y M11or11M nojcJt1t110CTllMa jcmmK cey.rta r1tc cc
apum , 11oc11 pa3m1•111Ta 1tMe11a: 11 c n c p y JI a, n e n c -
pyra, n cp n epyra, n yncpy11ra, no11 0-
na, .uynyna, ny.uyJ1 111.ta , na3apKa KOJl
Byrapa, .uonona KOlt Cp6a, npnop y wa y Xpua-
ra, pii.pii.luga, pii.pAJudA, paparudii. KOJl PyMy11a,
m:pm:pia, Rt:p1u; piva, 1tEp1t1:po\l\la, 1Ct:p7tt:pitaa y rpl<a,
a dordo le i s, p e rp e ronc y Ap6a11aca.61 .Ua JJ.OJla.'>I OBC>-
MC Clll!Cl<Y Jl3 cc KO/I U111u-1apa nonopira 30BC pi r pi run o,
a rnaena y1Jcc11111.ta je pirpiruna 11!111 dud u I a.°Ce u
noc11c11yr11 Ha311Blt IUTO llX jc np1mym10 A. n. CTOllJIOU, a
1<0jl! cc Mory 3HaTH0 Y~\llOiK ll Tll Ha311Bl!.l!a KOj ll cy Jl0ltlll1-
jc 3ll6CJ1cmem1 (r ojronc, JJ.O t1onaw1<c, 11 pcnc11H l.\ C
- npc11epywc, ltTJl. ), ncnc cc y /lBC oc11oe1 1c rpync.
JeJJ.HY rpyny 'lllllC lla311Ull 'lUjU je OCHOBllll o6.r111K
" A. 11.C.---= Mo.ollo.•-.Cfioi>oooo.•iup.y...._.,..,,"'"Y"""
""""'-XVlll,Gocl-1901 , 6'11.
.. G. Wcipnd: Die Aroinunm, II . LnpzilJ 119', IJO.
•.Qo.Qona•, a .Qpyry rpyTiy <nrne OCTan:H Ha3ttm1 y KOJHMa ce
HCTH4C rnacOBHa rpyTia TI e p-
H eMa cyM!he .Qa je Ha3HB •.QO.QOJla • nocrao Oll npHTieBa
ya o6wrne .QO.QOJJcKe cTttxone. 69 Pa1mje 06jaw1helbe 11aa11-
na •nenepy.Qa- (.Ila je Oll c11one11c1<or Kopetta TI e p-)7°
1tar11e,Qa MH He.QOBOJbllO OCHOBaHO H 11ey6elUbHBO. Ope-r-
llOCTaBJb3M .ua OCHOBHC 0611HKe y 1-1pyroj rp ynH Ha3HBa
rpe6a .Qa npe.QCTallJbajy ap6aH3lllKO perteronc, l.IHH-
uapc1m pi r pi run a 11 11onorp<11<0 m:prri::poUvo:. CBH
ocram1 06JIH!..\H cy H3BC.QCl!ll 011 TllX, a.HH cy yBCJlllf<O
npemia4eHH H ne<PopMucam1 , jep ce je y ttapo.ny r .ue ce
ynOTpe6JLanajy H3ry6ttno ocel'iathe aa Tipno611THO 31rn4elbe
11 cMn cao. A mepnepy11a • H •nepnepOHC ' nocran:o je, Kao
11aann 3a 06w-1aj H aa 1hCrone 11anontto1.1e, o.u pc<m 1<oje cy
ttCKa,ua y110Tpc6Jbana11e y Mal)u jcmm <PopMyn aMa tt.rm
i\\OJlllTB3M3 3a KUWy, Oll. pe41l Hoje cy Hi\\C 6ora 0C-
pyua U · HOje je 4CCTO IIOHaBJbaHO: 0epytt-0cpyH!
Oep(ytt )nepy11! H a Taj 11a<m11 nocrao je 11 ua3HB •.UOilOJle •,
Oll Apyror np1mena. Y OCHOBH 11a ucrn_ H34ttH cy nocran:u
Ii Ha3JlBH tn aaapuue • llJIH t .Ha3apKc •, JCP cc y CTllXOBllMa
wTo ttx nesajy Te nonopKe cran: 110 333HBa •Jlaaap ,.
3tta<iaj110 je J:ta cy cc 11a3HBll mepnepy11at, ~ncpnepo­
tte • n CJI. OJ:-lp>KaJrn nornaBHTO 1<0n Hoaorp1<a, Ap6a11aca,
U1rnuapa H PyMyua 1<ao u l<Oll. aana.uuttx XpBaTa. Kon
fpt< a 11a cenepy, HOA Ap6a11aca, Umnrnpa 11 P yMy11a cy
ja1<e CJlOBCllCl<C npttMece y JhHXOBY eTHU'll<OM cacrany, tt
o6JJ3CTH y J<OjHMa cc naHaC 4yjy r10.,1e11yTH Ha3HBH npe.o.-
crauJbaj y Hc1<a.uawlhy a .UCJJHM t1'1110 H na11awlhy jy>1<110-
cn0Be11c1<y nepmj:>epttjy, 1<oja je 6oJLe O'lyBan:a 1<ao CKaMe-
fhCH rnj neponanw crapttjH 11aa1rn. Daw Ha OCHOBH To-
ra wro ce 11331rnH ror oc11on11or o611 tt1<a (•neprrepyH•)
o,!lp>Kaaajy csyna 11a 11epmt>epttj11, Mome ce npcmocras-
Jb3Tll na je Taj 11a:ma 11e1<ana 6110 oI1wT11 H I1pB06i1Tmtj11 H
IJ0311aT H KOll. cpe,!111WfhHX ACJIOBa J ymmix Cnose1rn. Ha
ncpm:j:>epu j11 ce je 3a,!lp>Kao, jep Tll nenOBH CnoBeHCTBa
" ll.H.Cro"110B:no>1.pu,6W; Rjd nikj ug00l.okadcmij c,pod: d<>dola
" "· 11. CroHllQO : HO OO>I . MOCTf, CJl~i<H ..><.O<H• H <K"nL, anHT<p aTypaOf<)>!
"""'"'Y
HHCY fom11 IIOJtJJO>KHH OllHM 11 OHaKBttM npoMeHUta Ka-
l<Bl1M cy 611nH 113Jlome1111 cpe,!l.HWJhtt ,!l.CJlODH. A o.a; paHo
ac11M1111oea1111x CnoBetta Ha nepmpepttj11 np1111111n11 cy fhl1-
xon11 poMaHCl<H, rpl.!1<11 H ap6a11alll1<11 cyce,!l.H 0611'1aj H
H33HB H caqyean:H ra y I1p8o6HTHOM HJJH y MalbC ttJlH
BHllIC ll3MClhCHOM 06JlHKy.
V I 3AKJbY'-i:AK
Hc~rn HHK3KBHX noy3natt11x 11cnocpenH11x caepeMe1111x
BCCTll 0 TOMC .Qa cy JyiKHH CJmee1m 3HaJll1 3a11cra 33
OepyHa 11 epw1rn11 HYJlT 6aUJ TOMC 6ory, 3JIH 6poj11c
ycno.,ICHC Ha raj KYJJT, oco611TO y ronorpacf>cKHM Ha3HBH-
, ,a, no1<a3yje ua 11ccyMfhllB H3'111H .Qa cy 11 Jy>KHll Cnoec-
Hll aHan:11 33 Taj 1<ynT u ,!la cy ra .QOHem1 y nony11aaJhC H
Ha E a.111<an. HajcTap uje n11caHC eecrn o KYJITY O epy11a KOil
Pyca cy 113 X ec1rn. OpeccJbana1be Jy>1<1mx Cnoeeua Ha
6an:1<a11c1<0 nonyocrpeo 33spllle tto j c y VII ee1<y. H a Till!:
'1111hClll11.(3 H3Jla31l HCl<OJJHKO 3H3'1aj 1111x 3al<JbY'l3K3
Ha npBOM Mecry, HaMcl'ic cc 3aKJhY'l31< ,[-13 jc CJJOBCHCl<ll
nattTCOll 6HO pa3m1jc11 eel'; MJIOro npe V I -V II BCJ<a, I!pe
o.ueajafha noje.UHH!IX CJIOBCHCKllX uapona ll3 CJIOBCHCl<C
aajemmue, 11 na cy I1peo611T1111 j y>KHH Cnoeem1, non aael'itt
na 6an:1<a11, AOHCJJH ll nepy y 6oroee, 1<a1<By cy 11i\1an:11 11
ocran:n CnoBCHH a 0 J<Ojoj HaM CBCllO'le n11ca11e BCCTll
p a3Hl1X m1ca113 113 a11ar110 noan11jer BpeMeHa. To jc Oil
oco61n a 311a'!aja 3a no3Hasa11>e 1<yJ1Typ11or crynfha Ha KOM
cy 6mm CJ1oee1m y npeMe pacmmalha c1101~e11c1<e aajcn-
11111.1e tt npcccJLaea1ba Jym1111x C11oee11a ua 6an:1<a11c1<0
TIOJ!yOCTpBO.
c n,pyre crpatte, MOpajy ce o.a;6al.ll1Tll CBC I1pCTTIOCT3BKC
o nape1111<0M (11opMattc1<0M) nope1<ny 1<y11Ta fkpy 11a, jep cc
Bape311 jaen,ajy y Pyrnj11 TCK y npeoj IJOJJOBHHll IX ne1<a,
Jl,3KJ1C MHOr O llOl.(HHje Hero WTO cy npem1 1Y>KHIIX Cnoee-
ll3 nan yCTHJlll crapy CJlOBCHCKY IJOCTOjforny 11 HaCCJlllJlll ce
Ha 6an:1<a11y 11 y O o,!lyHaBJLy, 1<aMO cy npeuen11 11 ceoje
CJIOBCHCKe 6oroee, Ila 11 Oep yHa.
 Jymm1 DloBCHll cy MHOro panttje npttMllJill xpttwhan- crapor 1<yJ1Ta 6orosa HHje ltlllJIO Hlt J1a1<0 Htt 6e3 6op6e,
CTBO HCrOJill HCTO'IHM. To je c je,uHe crpaHe pa3JIOr .ua ce 1<a1<0 je H3rJJCllaJIO K. Jnpette1<y. 71 Eop6a je 6nna .a;,yra H
Ma.JIO 3Ha 0 lbttXOBOj crapoj septt: npase IlHCMCHOCTH KO.U il<ttJiaBa: jow CB. CaBa, y npsoj nonosttHH XIII BCHa,
lbllX npe npttMalba xpttwha11crsa HHje HH 6ttJJO, a lbl!XOBM CHCprtt'lllO pallH Ha YKJl!llbalby OCTaTaKa crap11x HYJITOBa,
cyce.utt HMCy llMaJill Hll ,l:\OBOJbllO BpeMCHa HM npumrnc .i:.a a MH CMO H llattac CBC}l,O~H 1<31<0 je OH y TOMC MM30
yno3Hajy lbllXOBy npso6HTIIY BCPY H .r:.a ocrase BCCTH 0 cpa:JMeptto Mano ycnexa 11 1<a1<0 cc Mnorn npexpuwliattCKH
lhOj. C Jtpyrc crpattc, xp1twhanc1<a QP1<Ba jc DCOMa eucp- 0611'laj11 H Bcposa1b3 ynopno Ollpmasajy 11 ,!laHac y ttapo-
rw-rno nporOHHJJa CBC CJICMC!ITC crape npexpttmliaHCl<C .uy. Eptt>KJbHBHjl1M tt3y'lasalbCH ronorpa¢K:1<ttx tta3HBa,
sepc, HapO'IHTO OllC CJICMCHTC 1<ojc HMjC MOrJJa .r:.a OJ.ICBC y crapttx CBCTHWTa, il<HBHX 11apo.1::vmx o6Hl!aja 11 BcposaJb.a
cnoje pyxo. Bmue Oll XHJhllllY romrna speMCHa 1t nacroja- MOhH he na ce YTBPJI.C II Jl.PYrH CJICMCllTH ll 1<apa1<rep11cr11-
Jb.a LIPl<BC 6wio jc llOBOJhHO .r:.a cc 3aTpy f>\ HOrll Tparomt KC crape jymHOCJIOBCHCJ<C H CJIOBCHCKC penttntje.
crape cJ1oseuc1<e H crnpc 6an1<a11c1<e penttrnjc, TaKO .ua cc
Tpe6a 'IY.llllTH H OllOMC HOJlll!{O jc Oll Tora OCTaJIO.
To11orpacf>c1<H 11a3ttm1 , ncpyn • H cn114nora 06n111<a
rOTOBO PCllOBllO cc OJ{JIOCC 11a BHCOBC II Ha BOllC. To je
'lmbCH11Qa o.u oco611Ta 3Ha'laja, jcp cc crap11 1<ynTOBH
o6tt<J:HO BC3yjy 6aw 3a BHCOBC H BOllC. 3aTllM, TaHBll
Ha311BH cy OllPi1<3HH roTOBO jC,[[llllO y IlJl3HHHCl<liM Ii
nepll(l>CPHHM 1<pajes11Ma, y 1<pajes11Ma 1<ojtt cy 6untt pemo
uacCJbCHH II HOjH cy 6rum MalhC IlOllJ!Oil<HH YTHQajuMa ca
crpa11c Kao ll npoMCllaMa no.r:. llCjCTBOM 'IOBC'IHjC py1<e.
O JJaHHHC cy, yonwTc, o6JJacrtt y 1<ojm1a cc 11aillYil<C
OJ{pmaaajy ocraQH IlOTHCHynix CTHH'-l!{llX rpyna H ap-
xaH'lllH KYJTTYPHH CJICMCHTH. Ta1<0 je 6ttJJO 11 KOJl 11ac: 01111
H3UIH npCQH HO)H cy ,UOCilCJlll y nna11m1c H TY 33CH0Ba.Jlll
CBCTHWT!I CROjHM 6omaHCTBJlMa 611m1 cy ttaj.uy)t;C IlOWTC-
l)cHll on crpanux ynll{aja 11 HOll 1b11xosa noToMcrsa cy cc
11ajJ{yIBe OAPIBaJIC T!ll<BC ycnoMCHC Ha crapy CJIOBCHCl<Y
pC.i!Mrlljy, Hao It ll!I HCl<C crape 6am<a11C1<C E<YJITOBC HOje
cy OllH 6HJ!ll npcy:JCJlll. To je OilWTa 110jaua y CBCTy, Hoja
cc y CTllOJIOrHjll MOJKC J{a 11!130BC 3!1HOHOf>\ nepll(j)epujc:
1<ynTyp111t pa3mnaH cra11os1111WTB!I y ncpm:pepHHM 06.ila-
crttMa, a T3H3B 311a'!aj yBCH HMa)y mrnmme, HHl\3A!I HC
Mo»<c na ttJI.c ttanpcJI. 0110.\\ 6p31rno.11 tt CHaro~1 1<ao y
1<pajcBttMa >Kl1BJI,cr cao6pafiaja 11 AOll11pa n ny1111jer H
CBCCTpaHl!)Cr HYJJT)'pHOr }l{HBJhCIL>!I.
0cpy11a Cy UOTllCllYJil1 II 3aMCHHJll1 XpHWfi!lllCHl1 6or ll
CBCllH. Mel)yrn~1, 11na1< je Ollp>t<a11 6e36poj .a;,pyrnx e.i1eMe-
ttaTa crnpe pcJJHJ'HjC y pa3HHM UllllOBHMa, 11 IlOTttCHHBalbC "K)Hpe.... M-J . l'uo11>H~:UcropHja Cp6a,l.Eeorpa.o.1922,ll6

IIPA3 HI1K
»0UI1JIO 11 KPEMEH«
CeJJo )lymhaja y BattaTY (cpe3 6enoQpJrna11cKtt) Ma.no ce
y 'leMy paamn<Yie o.u ocramtx 6aHaTcKHX cena: ca csojHx
300 !lOMahHHCTaBa OHO TIO BeJIH'lllHll cmma y rpyny cpe.u-
lbllX 6aHaTCKHX cena, a no u3rne.a:y csojttx yntt1.1a H Hyha
OHO ce tte paam11<yje llllMaJIO OJl cyce,1umx cena, 1<ao WTO
ce HH H>erom1 CTilHOBHHUH no C[JQJball11beM Harnc.uy HHMa-
JlO llC pa3111.rnyjy 0)], OCT!IJHtX Cp6a BaHafiaHa. na Hil3H,
OBO CCJJO je BCOM3 qyeetto, II TO H3J:larlC!<O. Jlo Ca,r:ul je OHO
fomo '-I YBCHO no jCJlHOM HCo6HllllOM HaJl3CKy : y ceny cy
OTl<Oil3H3 ,l:lBOja Mana pJnyaJIH3 KOJIHU3 OJ:{ nC4CllC rmrne
na npe1tcropttjcKor !lo6a, 1<0ja J],a11ac cna.uajy Meljy ttaj,a;pa-
roue1mje npe.QMcTe y npe11cropttjc1<0j a6ttpQH YMeTmt<mor
Mpeja y Beorpauy H fpaJ1,c 1.::or Myaeja y Bpwu.y, H npe.o:-
CT!IBJbajy BCJUU<Y JaI'QHeTKy y Hayuu. 3CMJbHlllTC OHO
cena .UynJbaje 6oraro je crapHHaMa H3 npeHCTOpHjc1mx
apeMena Kao H H3 pHMCKor a JJ,o6a II cpeJJ,lbera ae1rn, II c Te
crpattc ce Mory 0<1eKHBaTH ttoea OTKpHha. Y xaTapy caMe
.UynJbaje jc T3B . .UynJbajcKH fpa.o:, a y 6J1H3IIHH rpa.o:
)f{1U1oeap H 6e36pojua JJ,pyra HaJla3HWTa. UC() Kpaj OKO
Bpwua I1cno.i:i: KpajlbHX 3ana.ri:ttHx na.ri:Htta 6a11aTcKHX Kap-
naTa 5oraT je OCTal{HMa crapHx yTBpt)cH:.a Hoja je Tpe6aJio
.i:i:a 6patte OJI npHJia33 II Haje3.i:i:e HOBHX IJ,OWJbaKa ca Kap-
riaTa OHC KOjH cy ce paHHjc cnyCTHJIH II 6HJm 3a,QOBOJbHH
nnoJJ,OHOCHOM 6attaTCKOM paBHHltOM. CronehHMa H x1ui.a-
JJ.aMa roti:HHa ttacroja.nH cy IlJlaHHHQH H UOMalJ,H H3 IJ,a.JJ.e-
KHX CTCTJa na TlpoJJ,py y Ilo1J,yHaB.TbC H OTyJJ,a TilKBO o6HJbC
YTBpt)eHHX MCCTa H apxeOJIOWKHX Ha.Jla33 Ha lbCroBHM
HBIUtaMa.
Jlynn.ajl{H HIICY HIIMa.JIO CBCCHH 3Ha'laja lllTO ra jc
lbHXOBO MCCTO IIMa.JIO y JJ,aBHOj npoWJIOCTII HHTH cy cse-
CHH 3Ha<Iaja CTapHHa WTO cc IICKOnasajy y xarnpy lbHXO-
BOr cena H y !beroeoj OKOJIHHH. HHCY OHH, HCTO TaKo,
HHM3JIO CBeCTII HH TOra IJ,3. y lbHXOBOM caepeMCHOM IBH-
BOTy HMa TaKot)e nojaea Koje cy Heo6H'IHO 3aHttMJbHBC 3a
ttayKy.
BattaT, H yonuITc Bojso,!ltttta, y MHOrOM norne.o:y je
3eMJba HCil03HaTa II HeI1CTII1TaHa. IlopelJ, npeti:MCTa KOjH cc
HCl<Onaaajy II KOjH cy crapII H no IJ,BC XHJb.ll,!IC II BHWe
rolJ,ttHa, y CTaHOBHIIWTBY 6aHaTCKHX CCJia IBHBC TaKBH
o6n<1ajI1 II nKee npe.o:craee Kojc cy crape Ta1<ol)e 6ap no
JlBC xmi.a.ne ro.0:1rna, na II emue. Y KyBaMa y 1<oj11Ma cc
1J,a11ac cnasa y YJlo6HHM H paCKOllIHO HaMCWTCmtM nocre-
Jb.llMa, rlJ,C cc Mory BH.UCTII CKynouenc TPTJC3ap11jc H .Qpyru
MOACPHII HaMCllITaj II r .o:e 'ICJbati: HIJ,C OIJ,CBCHa enponCKlf ll
nottawa ce Kao csponc1m rpat)aHH, jow yec1< emuta senu-
Kll crpax OIJ, tTOti:OpoBCKHX KOH>a , , KOjH jype HOhy y TOKy
npee CCIJ,MHUC ycHpW!bCr nocra, MPTBaQHMa cc y Tp6yx
3llKHBajy KJIHHI{II HJIH IIM ce HOIBa Ha Tp6yxy Q.ywH 4110-
IJ,aMa .a;a ce cnpe'IH .i:i:a ce HC noeaMn11pe, IITIJ,. Cee TO y
3CMJblI r):le cy ttajcrap11je 11 ttaj<1elllhe llIKOJie y cpncrey.
H, CTO, y o6JJaCTH TIIX BCOMa npHMHTHBHIIX eepcKIIX
npe;:i:craea H o6wrnja .UynJb.llja ce YHCKOJIHKO H3.QBOjHna
OA OCTaJmX 6attaTCKHX ceJJa ll H3WJJa CBOj opnn rna.naH
H3pa3: .UynJb.llja np33Hyje •DltlIJIO H KpeMCH f!
npaBOCJiaBHH KaJICHJtllp o6Hnyje n pa3HHQHMa. flope.Q
npa3HOBaH>a y 'laCT nojC.[lHllHX MOMCHaTa H3 >f<HBOTa Hcy-
ca XpHcra H BoropOJIHUC HJJH npa3HHKa y cnasy npona-
raTopa xpmuha11crea II 1ber oa11x MY'ICHHKa, Ty cy n npa-
3HllltH Kao IloKpoe Boropoti:H'IHH, BepHre (noje.a;imux
ceCTHTCJba), 111.i:i:. notter.i:i:e y napo.Qy npa3ttyje ce nottew10
l!era llCMa y HaJICH.Qapy. TaKO H .UynJbajQH ttat)owe /:ta
npa3Hyjy •DUHJIO H KpeMCH' .
Ka):l caM ca3Hao 3ll Taj HCo6H'IHH npa3HHK, XTCO caM ):la
C33Ha.'11 H noje.a;1rnocrn y BC3H c THM, Ii .o:a MY Hal)eM
o6jaWlbClbC. Ha )f(aJIOCT, y TOMe HHC3M ycneo IJ,OKpaja.
Mom.a.a Be KO .i:i:pyrn 6HTH 5oJbe cpeBe. Ja By caMo H3HeTH
llITil CaM JIH'IHO BHJ:l:CO H C33H30 0 3llBeTHMa y .UynJbajH
1948. ro,!IHHe H llCKC ceoje MHCJIH 0 TOMC . Bap ):la ce

caCBllM He 3a6opase OBH o6w-iaj11 1<0j11x he CBaKaKO
HeCTaTH no.11; mpBlheM HOBOr speMeHa H HOBHX CXBaTalha
WTO HX 0110 YHOCH y ceno.
Cpnc1<a cena y BattaTy HMaj y y ro1<y ro.11;m1e o61fl1Ho no
Tp11 33je.QHH<1Ke ceocKe cnase. DpeMa no.a:allMMa wro caM
HX .uo6HO y JaceHOBY H ,Uyl1Jbaj11, TI) cy: I ) llPKBeHa cnasa,
2) 33.BeTI!Ha H 3) opat1Ka HJlH MapBeHCKa HJIM opa'II<O-
·MapBeHCKa CJiaBa.
up KB e Ha c Jl a B a je 0 npa3HHI<Y 'IHjeM je MMetty
nocsehetta llPKBa y ceny. TaKo, y Jacettoey je llPKBa
nocsehetta cs . ,llHM1tTpttjy ll Qp1<se11a cnaea je na M n -
rpos.ua11, a y ,Uynn.ajn je llPI<Ba nocsehetta cs. Apxattl}e-
JlHMa H llPKBeHa cnaea je o neTlbeM Ce. Apxanljeny . Tora
ll:atta, IlOCJle JlHTyprnje y llPI<BH, o6aBH ce H ttapotll!Tli
cnascKH o6pe.u ca pe331MM 1<onat1a. Cse llITO Tpe6a npH-
npeMH llPKBeHa ynpasa. Mome .ua 6y.ue 33je.uirnt1I<O eece-
Jbe y nopTH nOCJJe noD;He. Y .UynlbajH Ha 33.je.D;HH'IKY
ro36y .uolje KO xohe H nott ece ca co6oM jena, a nHhe ce
1<yrrn H TPOWH 33je.u11nt11<ll: yttanpe.u ce npnKyne ll:o6po-
BOJbHH npllJJ03H na ce THM HOBlteM KyflH m1he. y TOMe
yt1ecrsyjy caMo crapnjH Jby.llH. Ceno Tora .uatta neMa
cset1aH H:Jrne.a: H He .uona3e rocrH ca CTpaHe.
3 a a e T " " a y ceny je .11;attac t1HCTO ttapo.una ceocKa
cnasa. H, TO je CJiasa y Kojoj yt1ecreyje 'IHTaso ceno,
csaKa 1<yha, a y lhOj ll crapo H M.Jia,11,0. 3aseniHe cy,
HHat1e, onwTa nojaea KO.II; npasOCJlaBHHX Cp6a, na 33. lhHX
3Hajy H .11;pyrn Hapo,1m, a HaCTWle cy, I<30 WTO llM H Haw
ttapo.D;HH Ha.3llB Ka.3yje, H3 38.BeTa: y HeKoj TeWKOj HeBOJbH
ceno ce 33.BeTOsano tteKOM cseuy .11;a he ra npa3HOB3TH I<ao
ceoc1<y cnasy aKo ra H36ae11 113 ttesoJbe u llITO ra je
H36asHo. Y Jacettosy je 3aBeniHa .upyror ,ruma YcKpca, y
3arajHLtH •JapHJ10 • (7. jyHa), a y .UynlbajH y npey tte.QeJby
nocne Cnacos.ua11a, Tj. y He.ueJby Oraua, KaKo ce otta 30Be
y llPKBH, a Ha •OltHJlO•, KaKO 1<amy ,UylllbajltH. 0 38.BeTH-
HH 6y.ue y QPKBH JlHTypmja, a n OCJle Tpe6a .ua ce npHpe.UH
JJHTHj a. Y Jacettoey ce 11.ue c JIHTHjOM Ha lt(HTa H Ha rpo6-
Jbe. 3a -raj .uatt y ceno .D;OJ1a.3e rOCTH (cpo,!lHHllH 11 npHjaTe-
JbH) ca crpa11e. Jby.u11 ce y cyCpeTy nHTajy nMajy JIH .uocra
rocmjy. Cea1<a 1<yha no311ea H .uot1eKyje ceoje •po.a:oee •
ca crpatte. BeceJbe H rowhelbe Tpajy D;Ba .uatta.
======= 101=======
H opa'!Ka HJIH Mapeettc1<a rum opa<11<0·
-Map ee HC Ka c n a ea je y CTBap11 33.BeTHHa, an11 3aBeTH·
Ha I<Oja HeMa raKo onwTeceocKH KapaKTep H 1<oja je, y
nojemmoM ceny, MJialjer nocraHKa, Te joj ce 3Ha H noeo.u.
Ta1<0 Y 3arajHllH je •Mapeetta' cnasa Ha TpHoey DeTKy, y
Jacettoe~ o Map1<oe.11;atty, a y ,UynlbajH o jecea.eM
Kpcroe.uatty. Y Jacettoey eene .a:a cy TY cnaey yeenH nOCJie
11e1<e CTO'!He en11,ueM11 je. Ta1<0 llCTO Hy ,UynlbajH je opa<1I<a
CJiaBa yee.uetta 36or HeKe CT0<111e 6oJiecr11: 6onecr je
npecra.ria 011or .uaHa, Tj. na Kpcroe.uaH, Ka.a; cy o.upmanH
MOJIHTBY H nournponHJlll CTOI<y, na ara.ua TO 'lime cea1<e
rollHHC. HeKH Kamy ll:a je y ceny no.a:11rnyr I<pCT Ka.U je
yee.uetta Mapeetta cnaea. Ha1<paj cena je KaMeHH 1<pcr,
no.u11rnyr 1864, a.rm je eepoearno opa<1Ka CJiaea unaK
crap1tja: I<aMeHH KPCT je 33MCHH0 MQ)f(.Qa paHHjH .QpBeHH.
Je.uaH crapalt (M11pocnae Jla311H, 67 ro.u.) np11<1ao MH je .ua
je lhCMy a.eroe OTaQ, KOjl! je yMpo OKO 1900. y .uy6oKoj
crapocrn (82 ro.u. ), Kll3HBao 1<a1<0 je 33.ee.ucHa rn cnasa, 1<oja
ce cnaeHJ1a cHrypHo jow 33. m11e0Ta M11pocnaeJ&eeor .11;e.ue
MHTe. DpeMa TOMe, eepoeaTHO je .ua je osa cnasa y
,Uynlbajll 11acrana y .upyroj nonoBHHH XVIII rum y npeoj
nonoeHHH XIX seI<a.
Ha caM .ua11 opa•rne rum Mapeette cnase y .UynlbajH y
ltPKBH ce o6aeu JlHTyprnja. DOCJJe rora H.Ue ce c JlHTHjom .uo
•33.nHca«y noJby r.ue ce .a:ortta H CTOKa H 6y.ue Monencrettje 3a
CTOKy H 3a po.u. Y<1ecrsyjy o.u JbY.UH caMO MJJaijH, OHH I<OjH
opy. DoCJJe no.11;tte y L1p1<ee11oj nopY11 ce o6aelba ocsehelhC
1<onat1a, a nocne 6y.ue eeceJbe. DpHJIHKOM oceeheH.a
1<011a<1a ceewTettHI< .upmH cpe.u1rny 1<0.na'la ca •KllTOMt
(6oCHJhI<a) ll IlllTa KO npllMa •KHTyt, WTO 3H3<1H: I<O he
ce np11M1tTH .ua 6y.ue .UOMahHH cnaee .uoro.IIHHC. Patt1tje cy
ce JbY.UH OTHMaJIH OKO Tora, jep je 6HJJa een11Ka 'laCT 33.
onora KO ce np11,1rn TC .uymHOCTH . .UoMahHH he cnpeMHTH CBC
WTO Tpe6a 3a ltPKBeHH o6pe.II H 33. 33.jC.QHH'II<Y ro36y, KOja
he 6HTH y lberoeoj KyhH H .UBOPHWTY. O.u npe HCKOJIHKO
ro.uHtta HllI<O tteF.e .ua npHMH f KHTyt, Te je jactto .ua he ce, y
H3MClbeHltM npHJlHKaMa, H o6Hllaj tf3MCHMTH H ynpOCTHTH,
.UOK caCBMM He HW'le3tte.
====== 102======
Cae je yrnas110M HCTO Hy jace11oey. Ha .DaH opa•me Hml
Mapee11e CJJaec nocne CJJy>i<6e y upKBM 6y.ae KO.!l 6y11apa 11
6pccra y IIOJby H3Me~y Jace11osa H Jlynn:.aje Momnsa 3a
anpasn,e H 11anpei:taH CTOKC.Ha 6pecry je lll<OH3CB . Map1rn.
)lottpajy ce roseJJ.a, osue" csmi:.e (KOlhH 11e). CoewTe11111<
csCTH so;:umy, 6narocttn:.a 11 npc1<a CTOKY H csa1m tJo6amm
( CJiyra) Jby6H l<PCT KOjH Jl.P}l{H CBClllTCHIU<. nocnc nO,UHC 6H
mum1 y llll<OJIY ll TY 6H w pa'-lm (I<OjH cy yje.QHO ll BJ1 3CUHl{H
cro1<e) peaan11 KOJia4. Ty he fonH H aajeJ{1111•ma ro36a, 3a
1<ojy CBH yuanpen .!l3.!IHY npm1ore JUl ce 11a6as11 n0Tpe6110
jeno H rmke . .UoMalHIH CJ13BC IWjH npHMH HmTy~ .naje
cseky, ne4e111nzy, BHHO II pa1rnjy ll I<OJI3'13
KOJbll.BO, K0Jl34,
BHWC 11ero OCTaJUI.To WTO cnpeMH t Jl,OMahHH• H3HOC!t cc
npe.Q yrneAHHie rocre: nona, npence.Dmma, HT.!l.
Ha opa<t1<0-Mapee11oj cnam1 Y'ICCTayje caMo KO xohe, 11
TO Mn al)11 JbY,!1,11. He JlOJla3C yonwTe rocTH ca CTpaHe. O;:i:
>HeHa np11cyCTBY/Y caMO OHC 1<0je nocnywy j y ll >l<CHC •i:i:a.-
Malmtta• , QpI<BeHor Tyropa 11 jow noHeI<or yrn emm j er
•IOBCI<a.
D.ancI<O 6IJ MC O,!lBCJlO KaJt 611 ce ynycr110 y pacMaTpalbe
CBIIX I<apaITTCpHCTIIl.!HllX CJICMCHaTil l<OjH ce cycpehy y
o6111.1ajm.ia y BC3H c ose TPII cnase: TY cy eJtCMC!ITII 113 l\YJJTa
MpT011x, 113Bec11e nojase I<Oje 11Majy o6enemje ;:i:eo6e no
nono011Ma 11 no I<nacaMa y3pacra (m1p. y opa4I<Oj cnaBH
y<tecrByjy Mnal)ll, y LIPKBCHOj Cah\O craplljH JbY.!lll) , na
HCt<a]laW!bC TaKMll4ClhC KO he 6HTll AOMah11a, llITO je
cn11411 0 HH,!1Hja11c1<0M noTna4y, jep ce rora np11Mao caMO
011aj l\O Mo we H xohe Mttoro ,!la noTpOlllll, H3JJO>H6a .a.esojaKa
II M0.'1aKa, HT,!I,., HT,!(. Cee TO MO>HC ll Tpe6a Jl,a 6y,!le npe;:i:MCT
noce61rnx cry,nIJja, a ja .a.ace epaTll~I .nynJbajcKoi 3a0CTHHH,
lhCllY 0QHJ1y.
Kao WTO caM noMeHyo, npasocnaBHa LIPKBa npa311yje y
npey 11e;:i:eJby nocne CnacoB,na.Ha (1948. ro,1vrne Ta llC.QCJba
je nana 13. jy11a) ycn0Me11y Ha np011 saceJbCHCl<H ca6op,
OJUIOCllO Ha 318 llPKBCllHX OTilQa, TC ce Ta HCJlCJba 30BC
He.r:teJba CB. 0Taua, CBcTH OttH. YcaMoj .Il.ynJbajH
HCKH JbY.!tl-1 J<a>Hy .na HM je 3llBCTl1Ha 0 u H, a .npyr11 e ene .a.a
m1 jc 3aeCTHHa Ot111no; M11orH he pehll 01111110 II
1< p e Mc H, a .'llO>He ce 4aK 4yTH, e11we y wan11, 11 oea1<0:
======101======
01.tI1no ll Tot111no, I<peMe11 11 6pyc. Cyce.a.11a cena
311ajy .na je y .Uyrt.Jbaj11 3llBeT1111a Ha 01.t11110. Hapo<rnro ce TO
1.1yje 0,!I, rop!baHa (ceno l136HWTC, YJbMa H ;:i:p.). roJlilHC
1950. o611wao caM cea cena y OKOJlHHll Dene Up1rne, H y
CBHM THM CCJll1Ma Mll je pe4eHo ,!la je y ,UynJbajH 3aBCTllHa
0QIIJIO; HCKH CaMo peI<OllIC .na je y .UynJbajH 0QHJIO,
a y 3arajHQH I<pCMCH. Ta1<0 ca M cnywao Hy TiapTH , ceny .no
3araim.te. Hero TaKo Hy CBHM CCJ111Ma y 6JJll>HOj OKOJIIllll1
Eene Up1<ae (T3B. epc1<a ceJia OKO peI<e Hepe) ;:to6po ce 311a
.a;a je y .UynJbajH CCOCKa 3llBeTHHa •0UHJ10t. Ami HMao caM
npHJllll<C,D.a y je,!lHOM OJI; THX cena, y Bpa1.1eBrajy, II OJI; JbY,!1,H
113 ceJia 3nam11e (Ha neaoj crpaHH Hepe, y PyMyH11jI1) , Kao
11 Y ca~mj Eenoj Up1<e1111 y ceny TI apm, 1<oje je y 11enocpe.a.-
HOj 6m13HHll J.lynJbaje tt 3arajIJQe, qyjeM .na je y ,UynJbajtt
3aBCrnHa •01.t11 J10t a y 3araj11uH • KpeMem . To 6H ynyhH-
sano 11a 11e1<e 6nmKe BC3C y pa3BllTKY cena 3arajitue 11
.UynJbaje H nOCTaHKY lbl1XOBHX 3aBCTllHa, a.rm ce 0 TllM
BC3aMa 3a ca;:ta HHtllTa HC 3Ha. Kao WTO hy noKa3aTll y
JJ;a.JbCM ll3Jlara!hy, 11 3araj11ua 11Ma aeoMa 11eo6114HY
3aBCTllHy.
•01111no . 11 • OQCBH « HCMajy HHKaJ<BC CCMaHTHl.IKC se3e;
TH 11a311BH cy CJIH<tHII y11e1<0J1lll<O caMO no Il3rosopy H
HHje 11C1<Jbyl.leHo .na je • 0QHJJO • H3CTaJJO y roaopy 11eyny-
lie11Hx JbY.QH 0,!I, • OQH•. AnH TO ce HC MOIBC TBp,!1,HTH, 6ap
11e 3a ca}l,a. Mowe cc, llna1<, noMHWJbaTII II 11a ro .na je
113pa3 • 01.1tt110 • Hacrao aattcra o.n • 01.1tt • : y 11apo.n11oj eTtt-
MOJJorttjH MOrylitta cy Tal<Ba tt3BOl)elba 11 113jC,D.Hal.!Clha.
HenpocselieHl1M JbYJlllMa Morno je tt3rJJCJl,arn jacm1je H
naMCTH 6n11we KOHI<PCTllO t OQHJIO ' 11erom1 ancrpaITTHH
LIPl<BCllH •0QH t . To 11e 611 6110 jeJl,HHtt npttMep TaKsor
CTHMOJJOrttCalba: TaKo imp. QPKBa c11a011 CB. BapTOJIOMeja,
a OH je Y 11apo;:i:y nOCTao BpaTonoM11je H aa lbCros npa3HHK
cy cc BC3ane Ta1<0e o.n.pe.n6e 1<oj11Ma je cspxa JJ;a cnpeqe
JJOMJbC!bC sparosa: TOr .natta He cMe ce nClhllTH 11a cra6na
JJ;a ce 11e CJIOMH spaT! OpoTttB TaKsor o6ja11nheJba nocra11-
1<a Ot1ttn a rosope ja1<e <mJbe11ttQe.
3aBCTHllC cy crapttje o.n xpmuliaHCTBa, a ou11110 H 1<pe-
MCH cy npc.QMCTll 1<oju cy 6HJ1ll o.u orpo~111or 311aqaja Kao
Cpe,!lCTBa 3a npOH3BO.QlhY BaTpe. 0pOHaJJa3aK BCWTal.IKOr
~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 1M ~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
.a;o61tealbll BaTpe je Haj3Ha'lajHHjH npOHaJla3a]( y HCTOpHjH
JbYACKOr po.a;a H Mymype H saTpa je KO)], CBllX ttapo.a;a Ha
CBet)', y Ma HOM BHJl.y, 6HJ1a npeAMeT 060>KaBa!ba lUIH
KynTa. KaKO saTpa, TaKO H orlhHllITC H pa3HH .r:1pyrn:
npe.[(MeTll KOjH cy y eeau ca eatpOM H OrlhHUITeM. l1 I<O.U
H3lllHX aapo.Qa je H )J,aH3C eeoMa Jt<HB KYnT BaTpe H
npe,a;MeTa y BC3H c lbOM . .IloeOJbHO je caMO IlO.\\tHYTH K31<0
nocroje MHOra sepoealb3 y paJJ.!be y ee3H ca saTpoM:
0 1rnea eaTJ)a •, naJbelbe ea-rpe yo<m nojeJl.HHIIX npa3HHKa,
HT.tl. TaKO 11cro, Mttora eepoeatba 11 o611qajtt eeayjy ce aa
onMIWTe. Ha orlbHWTY ce o6aeJbajy p33a11 pttTyaJitt11
o6pe.t1.H, saTHM eepttre Hrpajy 3tta•rnjay ynory y ttapoJl.HHM
o611qajHMa H eepoealbHMa, m;::i;. B"pno je eeposaTHO .a;a je
OQlUIO, Hao cpe;::i;creo sa npoH3BO.llH>Y eaTpe, 6imo O.Q
KYllTHOr 3H3<Jaja y BpeMe H3,ll,a je TO fom rJTaBHlt H3llitll
.11o6ttealb3 eaTpe. HcmrrHea•m ttapo.uttor WHBOTa H11cy
aa6ene>trnn11 eeposalba 111111 o611qaje y ee3ll ca •ou11110M ' •
lllTO MO>t<e ' 611T11 c11yqajHocr: m1je llM Ha TO Cl<peTaHa
na>tnba. Mel)yTifM, ynOTpe6a ou1rna y cpnc1<0.1-1 up1<ee110M,
H, 33THM, HaQHOHaJIHOM rp6y ynyhyje Hae 11a MOpaMO
paqy11arn If c TllM )la je 01.lHJIO KOJl Hae MOrJIO 6HTH OJl
1<ymHor 3Hallaj a. 3 Ha'lajHO je .na je y npocrpaHHM o611a-
CTHMa HalllHX 3eMaJba 6HO o6Hl.laj, a nOHer11e je H .naHac,
Jla ce y CJJy'lajy JbY1lC1<e HJIH CT01.{He en11,r:i:eMHje npHpeJlH
o6pe.11 eal)elhll >t<Hee saTpe, 0.11 qera nocne nocraje 3aseTH-
Ha . .[lo.11yllle, Ta saTpa cc HC sa11H OOMOhy OQHJ!a Hero
YpCtt.eM .npseTa o .11pso. Bpno je seposaTHO 11a cy TaKBe
npe.ncrase H o6Hl!ajH HrpanH H3BCCllY yno r y H KOA Ha-
CTaHKa 33BCTlrna y BojBOJlHHH: .11a cy H TY np1tpel)HeaHe
KaTapKTH'IHe BaTpe Kojc cy npaB!bCHC n OMohy l<peMeHa II
.11a je ycnOMeHa Ha IMfX OCTaJla y .UynJbajJt y HMCHY
t 0l{HJI0 t 3a lbl!XOB rnaBHH CCOCl<H npa3HHI<. Mor yhHO je
H TO Jt.a je CJIH'IHOCT 11Me11a .11ana noao.11a na cc He1<0
crapHHCKO llOlllTHBatt.e H11H npa3HOBalbe Ol{HJla Ha1<11a.11110
npeHCCC Ha LIPl<BellH npa3HHI< 01.1e. Ha >f(aJIOCT, 33 oaa1<ay
npeTrtOCTaBKY 3a ca.11a jolll HeMa HHKaKBa noy3Jl3Ha
ocnOH Qa. Y3rpe,r:i: ,r:i:a HanOMCHCM )l.a je paHHjc cea1<a 1<yha y
.UynJhajH HMaJia Ol{HJIO, a MHOre ra HMajy If )l,aHaC. Ka.ua ce
npHpel)yje npBH nyr 3aeerna MOJIHTSa, OH.O,a TY HCMa
======ios ======
Hl11<a1<aa 3Hal!aja KOjH he 6llTH CBeTal{ l!Jll! npa3HHK: TO ce
PaJJ.H OHOra Jl3Ha Kall je HCB0Jb3 OOCTaJla HCll3Ap>t<Jbl!Ba, a
llPKBa AOJJa3H nocne 1t Ha ceoj H3\IHH yo6m1qaea TO
npa3110BalbC.
y caMoj ,Uynn.aj H JlaHac ce Bl!llle He MO>t<C MHOrO
Jl03H3Tl! 0 nocra111<y lbl!XOBC 33.BeTl!HC It 0 lbHXOBy •OuH-
ny t . HcJt.aBHO (1951 ) caM 336e11ew110 aep3Hjy .11a je up1<ea
y .[l.yaJbajH ocecheHa y HCJl.CJbY ca. Oraua H Jla je crora
3aeeTl!Ha •0l{HJIO ' · TI11J1a y O'IH 3Hal!ajt1a l.IHH.eHHl{a i:i:a
11Me •DuH ' ynoTpc6n.aea jc.1111a HareropHja, a HMe •OuH-
110 •.11pyra HaTerop11ja JbYJlH. CaMO OHH Jby.nH KOjH HMajy
BHlllC BC3C ca UPHBOM H up1rneHOM npOCBCTOM, a THX je
cpa3MepHo Mano, roeope •DUH ' H 33 113pa3 •Ou11no t sene
i:i:a je TO 6eaa1<ott.e, Tj . ceeTorpl)e. Aim, ,[(elllaeano cc ,[(ace
noHeKOM 11 0.11 a.11x 0Ma1<He na Kame •OUHJIO t . OcranH y
ce11y, Malbe npoceeheHH H c11poMalllHHjH n.yn11, H3po'IHTO
>t<CHe, a TO je BCJIHHa BChHHa CTaHOBHHlllTBa ceoc1<or,
roeope peJlOBHO •0l{HJI0 «. TI OHCKll cy, Ha MOje pacn11TH-
aatt.e 0 H3pa3y, ca 110HOCOM II npKOCOM HCTHl{aJIH t0QH-
JIO •, •Hallie 0U11Jl0 '- TipeMa TOMe, •0UHJI0 t 6H 6HO cra-
p11j11 HapoJJ:HH Ha3HB 33 CCOCKY 3aeenrn y y .Uynn.ajH. Jolll
jeJIHa l.IHtt.eHHI.tll roeopH 33 TO. HaHMC, y ceny ce 3Ha l!
MHOro ce npl!1.{3 0 TOMC K3KO cy ce CBClllTeHlll.IH TPY.ntt11H
.na l!CKOpeHe Ha3HB •Ou1111o t , H lbHXOBY yrttQajy ce HMa H
.11a npHn11wc WTO je,[(Ha rpyna JbYJlH roaopl! •Owu. Ha-
p01.{llTO ce y TOMC l!CTH1{3.0 npOTa Tipe1<ajc1rn, 11ynn.ajc1<H
napox npe .npyror ceeTc1<or paru (01<0 1930. ro.11. ) , 1<oj11 je
JJ:p>Kao nponoee.ntt nponrn •Owrna • H 1J.01<a3Heao .11a Ype-
6a rosopITTH •01.111 «.
.Ua ce KOil. J].ynn.ajc1<or •Ou1rna ' MO>Ke H Mopa Jla
pallyHa ca eehoM crap HHOM nowTHBa&a OQHJ!a H tt.e r oaa
npa3HOBalh3, rosope nocpeJlHO jow He1<c 'IH&eHHQe. Ta-
KO Hllp. y HHwaBJbY je 11apoJlHll BHHOrpai:i:apc1-m npa3HHK
3apH3aj, KOjH ce 30BC no TOMC WTO ce ror JlaHa 11033
aape3yj e,' a 1rna1.{e TaJl3 up1<ea c11aeH Ce. TpmpyHa H
JlPYr.ne ce apa3HHK 30ee Tp11nylhJJ:aH H CJJ. Y ceny 06-
pa>KJJ:H (ja611aHll\ll<l! cpe3, Cp6Hja) HMa crapa UPKBHQa
'M . .ll.)1(1n>a""811~:H 11wa ..,,,..n HJ)O'l 19JJ, 60.
====== 106======
06pamJia. 00 npe,!l,alby, Upl<Ba je CJlaBIW8 CB. 06pamAy,
KOja ce cnaeu OHllX AaJia Ha.tl. ce npett llyY ope. 1 Haj311a-
qajm1j e jc mTo ce y ceJJy 3araj11ui1, 1<oje je 611H3Y llynlba-
j e, npa3HOeano J a pH no, 11 Tor .nana HM je :Jae en ma.
llo11ywe, y caMoj 3ar ajmt11 11 He ynOTpe6Jbaeajy Taj 113-
p33, amt je OH Ao6po fl0 3H8T y CBl!Ma OKOJIHll M cemtMa.
Taj npa3HHK je 113 ecn111<e crap1me. 3a H.era ne 3najy HH
EyrapH n11 Cp611 : 6ap 1111j e jow mir.ne KO.It tbHX KOttcraTO-
ean. Amt 33 lb cc 3118 y jymnoj Pycnju. Y Kpyry uealbJJ.aH-
CKKX o6H<1aja BCOMa je paw11pe11 y jy»moj PyCHjH o6w-1aj
.ri;a cc Ha Hna1b.na11 ttcrepyjy 113 cena eeurruue HJnt 11a cc
H 3 HOCC nyr1<e on CJiar.1e 1<ojc noce pa311a m1e11a: Mapmrna,
YSb3Ha, KaTep1ma, Ky nano, KOCTpy6om<0, Kocrpo."-a u
Japuno. 3 O•mr11e.1tno je A:l je jap11no ne1<ana 611no H
6oJbC TI03113TO KOA J)'i!OUIX Cnoeena H .aa cc OA npso6HT-
HOr npa3Htll<a II c IMIM BC3a1mx o611<Jaja 0 4 YBlVJO caMO
HMe y jen.110M .n.e11y EattaTa. A TO ttM e j e 33ocrano 113 ,1:1o6a
Ka.rta cy Jym1m C 11oseu11 <Jnmmtt 61rn>«y 3ajen.HHllY ca
jy»<HHM P ycm1a, om1oc110 TO je ttMe, npno seposaTHO, jow
H3 no6a crape CJto oe11cKe 3ajen.mt Qe If ycno~1eH a Ha HCKH
crap 11 CJtOBCHCHH KYJIT. Ha ueKy 1103ajMHUY o.n. Pyca y
HOBHje BpeMC llC MO>«C cc MllCJIHTH, jep 1mje 6 11110 11oce-
JbasaH.a 113 Pyc11je y OK0111111y Bpwlla, a 611110 je ceo6e
Cp6a y Pyc11jy.
Ka311salb3 o n ocrattKy nyn JbajcKe 33BeTHHe OllHJ1a cso-
ne £:(! yr11asHOM Ha TO Jl3 ie llCKa.rta CCJIO crpan.ano OJl
CK3K3B3Q3 llJlll, K3HO llX HCKll 30By, OJl t6y6at. HCHll
BCJJe Jl3 je 3aBe11ill3 H3CT2JIQ K3J:t je HCKH 6ek.ap 33IlaJ1H0
cse >«KTO y ceny. 11, Tpe6a 113 je osa aasemna crapnja on
o pa<JKe HJIH Mapseu e C.Jlaae. l.lyo caM H sep31tjy na je n.o
ysol)eu.a oee aasenrne 110UU10 y se311 ca npecen.asaH.eM
CTaHOBHHHa 113 0Mopa, cena Koje je 6imo 6nH3Y ,llyn.Jbaje,
a BHWC He nOCTOjH: Ha.rt je H3\IHH.eHa II IlOCJICJllba Hyk.a
(Tj . H3J:t ce npecCJJHO H IlOCJIClltbH 0Mopar{), Ta,IJ,3 je JlOUUIO
110 yeol)e1b3 oee 33BeTHHe. H11cSM Morao Ta'lHO na C33HaM
H3113 je 11anyWTeHO ce110 0Mop, '111j11 cy CTaHOBHHQH y
' M. 1>. Mi..1MMu h: Kpoo.v' """ C¢oija. 6«rpo.Q lSM, )6(1.
' O . Ul<nin: Ruuitche (omlaviochc) Voiblundo. lkr!in und Uil'2ig IW, J7J
====== 101======
,llynJbaj H o6pa30ean11 0Mopa'IHY Many HJIH 0Mopue. Pa3-
nor npccclbaaa1by 6 1111a je OCKYJlHUa aone y 0Mopy. npe-
ccJbaoatbt je H3apweHo c1:1a1<aKo y XVI II ee1< y, Hall cy
BJlQCTll MllOl"'O P3AH11e 113 cnajalby H ypel)HB3lbY 11aceJb3.
Y 11CTOm1cy nynJbajCKe 11p1<ee aa6e11emeHO je na je npece-
Jb3B31bC u3 0Mopa 113epweHO 1783. ro111111e. Jlerom1c j e
pem-1roea11 y HOBHje epeMe, a H3Bop TOM n onamy 1111je
03H34CH.
O•ICHllB30 CUI Jl3 hy y UPKBll y ,llyn.n.aj11 11atm llCHH
OCJJ011au 3a pewe1i.e 3aHllMJbllBOr npo6neMa wro ra npen-
CTaBJba • 0llllJIO I . nperneAaO CUI QpKey, aJ111 Mel)y lbC-
llUM llK0113M3 ueMa ttnie1111e HOja 611 l!Mana Be:le c OBllM
H3poAflUM Ilpa.31UIHOM. npttCYCTBOB30 C3M H Jll!T)'prHj H:
61111a je TO C3CBHM o6H4H3 mrryprnja, 6e3 HKaHBOr npyror
o6pena K3K3B ce Ofot'lHO spum 0 33BeTHHaMa Ii C11H 4HllM
npnmrnaMa. Ha 1111Typrnj11 1111je 611no np11cyrHO HH Tpu-
.D.CCCT nywa, It TO cy sehH!IOM 6HJ1n CTapQH, a caMO
HCKOmmo m eHa. Te, 1948. ronnHe, H30CTaJla je H JlHTHja a
Hlfjc ce 311ano na JIH he 11HT1tje 61tT11 11a .Ilyxoee. HaHMe, y
.Qyn!bajlt cy M3Jl0 K3Jla 1t np11pel)nean1t mrrnjy Ha caMo
101111110 • Hero cy je o611'1110 0J1J1arann 3a Jlyxose ( ma
.Ilone •).
Ca 1111T11joM, K3Jl ce HOCH, une ce no • aan1tca• y noJby,
Ha HajJJCrlWC )f(ltTO II y Hajnenwe BllHOrpa.o:e.
Opa311onatbt 3anenm e •Ou11na• y ,llyn.n.aj11 cne110 cc, y
11aj1t0s11 je epeMe, Ha rowkeH.e A0~1ahe 4eJb3J],ll 11 rOCT11jy .
CeaKO ce pSAyje Aa Tora .n.aua HMa wro n11we rocrnj y.
r OCT11 ca crpa11e 11ny y noceTC 11 y npyre Hyhe ceM ceoj 11M
IJ.OM3h.HHHM3. 061tnaro ce jene H nuje, Hy TO.\l.e je - KaKO
113rnena - Hajeehe 33)],0BOJbCTBO H Jl3H3C cas CMltC30 OBC
ceocKe npC>CI1aae. npen ae'!e ce u0<yn.n.a o.\l..lla,1uma 11a
eecen:.e. T3A3 6nsa H tr11CJlalbC •. To je npttmtKa K3Jl3
6pa4Hll KaunHJl3TH l!Jlli lbHXOBH p<>JlllTCJbll •rne113jy •
nO.QCCHC 6pa411C npyroee, OJl.HOCHO CHaxe HJlll 3CTOBC.
l1M30 Ca.'11 npH!IHKC IJ.3 Bil,D;llM KaMO Kpo3 f'OMHJ\Y CBCTa
npol)e HeKH nen ¢mja1tep ca jow nenw11M KOH.HMa: TO je
pa,a,11 1petu1aMc•. Ta1< 0 ce noK33yjy HMalbC H yrnen. Kytie
KOja llMQ MOMKa 33 )f(eH1t,116y, a caM je MOM3H Ha }(011HM3.
A .n.a 6tt neeojKa Koja je Ha ynajy np11eyHJJa na*IbY
====== ios ======
MnaJUtka H noK333.Jl a 113 1<a1<ee je 1<yhe, newaea ce ua
33BeTIIHH, 1<30 H 0 •>t<CHCKOM eawapy . ( Tpetrn natt on
eawapa) y 6c11oj Upt<BH, .!13 ,11eeoj1<a H3Hl}e ua rne,natM y
je.11.noj X!llbHHH, na nOCJie 1/ 1- 1 can OJJ.e u o6r1e npyry u
TaKO •mHH 3-4 nyTa . .Ueeoj 1<e J<ojc nona:Je y rocre H3
Apyrnx cena uoce pan11 Tora nyH t<<><f>ep xa.JbHHa. fowhe-
lhC H eccclbe ce npony»<aea 11 cyrpana11. 3aepwnhe ce aa
Taj 113'-lllH WTO he .ltOMak.HHH csojc rocre npoB033.TH KpG3
ccno ua KOJU!Ma HJIH Qmja1<epy H 0,!IBCCTH HX no Kyhe HJIH
AO >KCJIC3tnttU(C CTaHHl.{C. Taj o6 tt'l aj j e BCOMa panmpeH y
BattaT}' H 30BC cc t npaTthll t .
y Jlytub3jH cy MH Ka3HBaJI H na cc •Ol.UIJ!Ot CJI3BHJJ0 H
y llJyllJbajH, aJlH TO BHWC 1mjc MoryhHO npoeepHnt .
lllyWb3ja je 6KJia HCMQ'IKO ceno, •m jc ce je CTaHOBHHllITBO
HCCnltJIO.
JAPHJIO KO.Il CPEA
YEAHATY
y 'IJ13HKY fipa JHUK ·O~o u KpeMeH • , t<Oj H je o6jae-
JbeH y 36opmu<y MC, Cepuja AP}'lllTBCHHX 11ay1<a, III,
Hoe11 Ca.D. 1952, 145-15 1, y 1<0Me caM H3Heo cee WTO CllM
Morao .na Jl03Ha.'fl 0 npaJHHKY ror Heo6H4HOr HMCHa KOjH
je ceoc1<a 3aBCTHHa y ce.ny .D.yn.n:.aju y 6anary, noMCHyo
caM .na je y 3arajmu1 - ceno cyce.nuo .D.yn.n:.aj u - ceocKa
3aBentHa JapU110. OaoM npHSIHKOM no:Ja6asuhy ce THM
JapHJJOM u u a;:taM ce na he TO 6uTH ca suwe ycn exa Hero
WTO caM ra HMao c 0UHJ10M.
Tipa3HHK HJIH 1<a1<ae o6H4aj no.n HMCHOM JapHJ\O u e
noMll!bC ce tt11r.o:e y MCHH no3ttaroj o6jasn.ettoj rpat)H 113
.o:pyrttX cpnc1<ttx 1<pajesa. 4yo caM TO HMC npe11 n y-T 1948.
y ceny .ll.yIIJbajtt, a nO'lCTKOM 1949. TIOCCTHO C8M H caMy
3arajttuy, :um TaJJ.a HHC8M HMaO I'OTOBO HH1<a1<sa ycnexa y
Tpait<elby 6nmKHX o6aeeI11Te lba 0 TOM npa3HHKY HJIH o6H·
'lajy. Ha ceoj11M no1.u rn jHM nyrosalbHMa no 6auaTy pa·
cnunisao caM Map1b11BO o japuny, oco6HTO 1950. no cc.n u·
Ma 01<0 6ene U p1<ee, a 1951. H 1953. no uoeo caM o.nna3110
y 3arajm.1,y, II TO 6aw Ha natt CCOCKC 3aBeTirne KOjH
3arajH"IKH cyCCJlH 30BY JapHSIOM.
CeAo 3aiajuu,a je y jyroHCTO'lHO,\\ 6aHayY, jy>KHO o.n
Bplllua a cesepooan8AHO on 6cne llp1<ee. O .n noM.eHyror
ce.JJa .D.yn.n:.aje creapHo ra nenu peKa Kapalll, Ma;:ta ce
H3Met)y 3arajH4KOr H ,a,yllJbllj CKOr xanpa yBJJa'lC HCHaCC·
====== 110======
JbeHJ.l .a;eJTOBH opewa•rn:or, naphaHCKOr H rpe6eHa•ncor
xaTapa. IlyT o.u 3arajuue .a;o .Uymhaje, .o;yr 8 km, ne
npo11a3tt HH KP03 je.a;no llpyro ccno.
3arajm.1a je crapo naceJbe: Kao H L(yn.lhaja, ona cc
noMmbe Kao cpncKo CeJJO 1660, y apeMe Kall.a cy TypJ.UJ
BJTaJl,aJIH EattaTOM. 1 Oll Ta,n;aIInher cpnc1<0r craHODllHWTBa
3 arajm1e je mTa Morno OCTaTH y TOl<Y 6ypm1x .nora-
r.1a;io
ljaja y Ea11aTy I<pajeM XVII H y XVIII eet<y. Mel)y 11a-
H3WJbHM CT3HOBHHQHM3 3arajHue Tpe6a Aa HX HMa, no
npe}l,alby, .uocra •mitt cy npeUH npeWJm oeaMO HJ cena
Mecttha, nowTo cy Typ1..u1 y mnue Maxoea pa:mpam1
Manacrup Mectth H pa3romm11 Jberose Kanyljepe . .Uanac
je 3araj11ua •mcro cpncHo ce110 ca OHO 350 AOMoea, am1
Mel)y rnM Cp6HMa HMa llOBHjHx AOceJbemma pyMy11c1<or
nope1rna. Y TaKBHM 1<yha,\o\a r oeoptt cc caMo cpncKu.
YTm-1aj Te PYMYHCKC np!IMCCC 3allaJt{a ce y npe3HMeHHMa
(Hnp. MyHfiaH, llhe<t)JLa, Ba11Ky, IITil.) tt y 11apo,11HoM
rosopy. TaKO Hnp. y OBOM ceJJy Mecro •3aBeTHHa • MllOrH
Cp6H rosope •Hc~eja•, meljeJba •, Ka1w PyMyHtt y OKOJJH-
llH 30BY 3ascnrny. Pe1.1 je 1111a4e cpnc1w r , O.!l:HOCHO cno-
BCHCKor nopeKJJa, aJlll je, KaKo ce BH.!l:ll, 1<0n 6aJJaTCKHX
PyMyHa no61rna .!l:PYK'lttje 3Hal.IClbC II y TOM H3MClbCHOM
3Ha'lClbY cy je Oil lhHX npey3eJIH ll YllOTpC6Jbaaajy je H
Cp6tt y 3ara jm~tt, KOjH ca.na TaKO ttMajy 11 me.i:i:elhy •
(cenMHI.IHll n ail) H •He~ejy• ( 33.BCTHHy) .
II
CaaKO cpncKo ceno y 6aHaT)' HMa ceojy up1rny, na je
HMa H 3araj11l{a. An11, 33raj11<1Ka UPKBa, 33 pa3JIHKY Oil
MHOrllx .o:pyrttx, CMaTpa ce y Hapo.uy y OKOJIHHH Kao
~1a 11acr11p, '-ICMY cy Mom.i:i:a nane noso.o:a se3e osora cena y
npownOCTH ca ~rnHacrttpO M MecttlieM. Ja<m noso.n TOMe
61rna je CBaKaKO fBOLl.Hl{a • Kpaj aarajH'lKe QpKBe KOja je
~1orna ,1:1onp11HCTH .o:a caMa LIP KB a nOCTaHe tJICKOBHTa • .
npeMa CaOTIWTelbY rn. 06pCHOBa, 6HBWer ,1:1yrorO.D:Hlll-
'n. J. lloOObK~: 0 &a..a1y MCTa>IObKKIUtBy&aK•n y l7B<J<)I. r.lllCKKK Hcrop.
llP)'WTB•YHooo.~c...r. 1v ,19)1,1 n
======111======
lber napoxa Jarajtt'lHor, OH je HaHJ13.3HO H Ha n11caHe
no.o:aTHe 113 XVIII seKa KaKo cy y UPHBY H Ha TY BOLIHLIY
llOHOllleHH 6oneCHH!.Ul, lllTO ce H ca,ll,a I.IHHH, H TO neTKOM,
a 11apo1.1ttro Ha Mna;:i;H H Bemrnu nCTitK. Huje 6e3 3Ha<iaja,
y osoM norneny, aa ce y sarajtt1.1Koj UPKBH 01.1ysaJio llO
.na,HaC BHlllC crapHX cpnCKHX PYKOTIHCHHX H ll!TaMnaHHX
(tt3 XVI seKa) Klhitra.
•BOJIHUH y 3arajHl{H je o6tt<iaH MaJIH H3BOP y .i:i:ony
non LIPKBOM. Cana Kao •BOJ'.lHl{a . CJIY>KH HOBll ll3BOp, aJlH
je sona y lbCMY aara~etta, jep je 113eop 1950. p~aso
KatlTHpaH, Te HeMa 0T11l{albll sone. To je Ta.na ypal}e110 o
TpOlllKY A11~e111<e M11neT11li po~. )l{e6epaH y cnoMeH lheHe
yMpne .o:el{e. Y 11enocpe,11Hoj 6n11aHHH TOr 6110 je crap11
113BOp, o.u J<Or je BOila OTHIJ;aJla. Ha TOM H3BOpy cy paHHje
CBCTHJIH BO,lly Ha 6orojaBJbClhC. IlocrojalbC tBO.QHUC f y
3arajHQH HHje HlllllTa HCo6HI.IHO: TaKBHX '80.QHQa • HMa
cey.o:a no 6a11ary H 6a1.11<oj, a y 3 arajm.{H je 3Ha1.1aj110 TO
WTO je •BO.D:HUat Henocpe.QHO Y3 CCOCKY llPKBy, LIOK cy
HHa1.1e TaKBC •BO.QHUC . o6HI.IHO no nOJby 113BaH uaceJba.
n olllTO je 33rajtt'-!Ka QpJ<Ba t flCKOBHTat, y lhY ilOJla3C
6oJJCCHlll.{H Il3 6JI11>Ke ll nan.e OKOJlllHC pa.QH JlCI.IClba.
Jle<iClbC ce cacrojtt o.n MOJJHTBe H cnasa1ba y caMoj QPKBH
(HHKy6a1.111ja). TaKBa HHKy6ai..{Hja y JarajH'-IKOj t1pKs11
epwH ce y HOhHMa yo'lH Ben111<or lleTKa, HsalhnaHa,
D.yxoea, na H yo'lH naHa aaserHHC 11 .11pyr11x senHKHX
npaa11111<a. 1953. 611no je naQttjeHaTa KOjH cy npettohttntt y
llPKBH YOI.IH ,Uyxosa II yO<ill 33BCTHHC . .Uewasa ce, HHa'-le,
.Qa y up1<e11 yo'lH BenHKOr neTKa 6y.ne no 40-50
6onecHHKa.
Up1<ea y ceny 3arajm.{H je noceeheua ce. ApxaH~eny
raepHJ1y (nCTlh11 ApxaHl}enos.naH, 13. jyna no crapoM). 0
LIPl<BCBOj CJl3BH, nocne JlHTyprHje y UPKBH, CC'IC ce cse-
I.laHo QPKBe!IH Kona<1 y UPKBCHOM LIOMY nope.n: LIPKBC. 3a
Ty npnnm<y cc cnpeMa H HOJbHBO, a 3a rocre ce npttpeQy je
33HYCKa. Cse he TO np11npeMHT11 •.llOMahl!H • CJiase, 1.1oee1<
KOjH ce rora .11o6pOBOJbHO yuanpe.n: npHMll.
CeocKa aaeeTHHa II •MapseHa CJiaea• cy y osoM ceny
yje.11110, Ha nau 25. Maja no crapoM KaJie11.n:apy. YMeCTO
3aeeT1111a y ceny o6tt'lHO rosope •He~eja •, a '-lyje ce II
====== 112======
11mpeaj1 (OA HCMS'IKOr Kirchweihe), 1<ao u Jl.pyrAe no
BojBOllHHH. Tora .itana, Ka;:ta je y 3arajm.Uf 33eenma,
npaeOCJiaeua ll.PKBa CJ1a1m ycnoMeuy ua Tpehe o6pereuu-
je 1.1acue rna~ ce. Joea11a KpcrHTCJha u ycnoMeuy ua ue1<e
MY'ICHHKC, anu y M1mejy HMS CaMO cny>t<6a ycnOMCHH ua
uanaa rnaec ce. Joeaua, na cecllITCHttl.lH CMaTpajy na je ro
CCOCKa 33BCTHtta. Mel)ymM, t1apoJJ. y 3araimtH H y OKOJJ-
HHM ccn ttMa 30BC Taj ,llaH ua ceoj ua<mu. 3araju<1au11
Ka>t<Y All jc ror naua Tpuoea nenca, a ro 3uajy" cc.lballtt
y HCKHM .o,pyrHM CCJutMa. Mcl))'Tl-IM, npaBOC.llaeua UPKB3
ror ;:taHa yonUJtt HC npa3u yje HltKSKBY ycnO.\ICHY Ha CB.
Oen<y TpuoeCKy, H ja uucaM Morao .!lOhtt .110 no.a.an1<a
KIKO je AOUUJO JlO rora na 3araj 1NaHH T3J<O npoooey Taj
ASH.
OnIIITC je npc11albe y 3araimtu na cc Ta 3aBeTHHa .a.p>1<u
PaJlH ~Mc (14epe3 Mapee •): jeJJ.ttc ro.11Hue y XVIII eeMy,
KaJlS ')C y_ceny 15HJJO CSMO 37 Kyk.a, 6uo je BCJlltKH IlOMOp
CTOKe a y1eJJ.110 " noMop 4 e1Mm11. Heim Hamy ,1:1a je cro«a
nrnyna OJl rony6a4He Mywm.i;e. Tan.a ce opano caMO ca
so110B11Ma, " TO y epeMe OHO 'Byp~eena11a, na ce crora ni
IIOMO_P CTOHe Tal(O TeWHO OCeTHO . .Ua ce cnacy Te tteBOJbe,
3araJH4aHH npoHecy JIHTHjy HOJl CTOHe H npHpe,lle Monen-
CTBHje. noMo p je, «RHO ce npH4a, Oil.Max npecrao, "
OTa,Lla HM je Taj ll,BH CCOCKa 3BBeTHHa, KOjy npocnae.lb3.jy
MHOro CBC4BHHjc Hero LIPKBCllY cnaey 0 JleTlbCM Ap-
xa111)c11oena11y.
Ha ncpmpcpHjH ccna, r.ttc II04HlbC ccocKa yrpHHa ( •H3-
111131), 11a pacKpll.lhy nyrcea 3B lllywa py u Bpwa1..1, croju y
orpa.r:ttt BCJlHKH MpaMOPllll KpcT, KOA KOr je paHHje o6ae-
.lb3.fl o6pcA 0 CCOCKOj 3aBCTHlllt, a KOjll j c, no npc.ttaH>y, H
nocraen:.c11 ua Mccry r.ttc jc onpma tta npea 3BBCTHa mrruja
33. cnac 0.11 noMopa 4en.a.rtH 11 CTOKC. Ha Kpcry je oeaj
HaTm1c: t3arajmia, CCJ10 y 6c1101..1pKBaHCKOM cpe3y, ro.D,H-
HC 1717. 611110 jc 37 Kyha. Oeaj CIIOMCH je IlOJtHI"HY"f 25.
Maja 1909. f'Oll,HHC. ' To j c HOBH KpcT KOjHM jc 33MClbCH
crapu, JJ.OTpajanu . 04Hr11C.llHO jc na roAJtHa 1717. 3Ha•m
YCTaHOBJbelbC 3BBCTHHC H II0.llH3BlbC npeor Kpcra Ha TOM
MCCT)' H na je Ta f'OAH H3 npcmrra y HamHC Ha ca.rtaWlbCM
KpcTY ca pauttjcr, JtOTpajanor.
======113======
Pa1mjux ro.11ttna, cec no 1945, nocne cnym6e y ItPKBH
11a JlaH 3BBeTJtHe, HUIJHI cy ca JIHTHjOM Kp03 ce110 JlO TOr
KpcTa. T y 6tt JJ.OBCJlH ll CTOKy: OB4aptt 611 AOWJm c
OBUBM3, C8Hlb3p11 ca CBlllbaM3, roeenap11 c I"OBCAllM3, a
MllOrll 113 cena 6H Y4CCTBOB3.Jl.H y TOMe jawytlu 113 ceoj11M
KOlbllM3. nowTO 611 ' CBCWTCHHI( ocserno BOJJ.Y y jCJ],HOM
6ype-ry, WKpoIIllO 611 CTOKy, a np11cyrHH 611 nyHHJIH 6o1.te
80,llOM H3 6ypcn KOjy 6 11 011.D,3 HOCllJIH KyhH H 4 YB3JIH
roJJ.1111y na11a. nollJTO 6H ce nHTHja spaTH.JJa y ce.no, pa-
3HWJlll 611 ce Ky tluta 11a p y 4aK ca rocTl!Ma . n ocne PY4Ha,
HO 6 11XTeo 11wao 6u y HP4MY llJlll Ha •IIJiaI.t • npen LIPKBOM
11 OIIll.ITUHO.\\ JJ.3 llrpa. TaHO .110 yee4e. nocnc BC4Cpc
OMJ13ll,HH3 611 Hll.1113 Ha urpa11Ky, a crapttjH ca rocTHMa y
Kp4My. Jc,nHe roJJ.ttne npc.n APYrH csercK11 paT caMo jcnan
rocT H0111143p llCKp4MH0 je 80 6ypanu IIl!Ba 0 3aBeTHllll.
Bmuc cc c JlllTHjOM 11e u.rie no TOr Kpcra uero cc m1n1ja
o611oc11 C3MO OKO UPKBe . 1953. npoeeo caM y 3arajmtH
TPll .naua II IIOCMaTpao LICO TOK 33BeTHHe, na t..y ra yKpa-
TKO 0Ill!C3Tll.
1953. je 3aseT1ma nana 6aw y He.tteJby. Y cy6oTy yo411
aaeeTu11c 1mjc y ccny 6uno HH4er 11apo4HTOr: me11e cy
cnpeMane no Kyt..aMa aa cyrpawlb11 .nan. npttcrtt3anu cy
rocT\l KOj11 cy AOIIYTOBaJlH me11e3HHLIOM H3 Ll:a.JhHX Mecra,
am1 ux jc 611110 cpa3Mep110 Mano.
Ha caM .na11 3BBeTHHe, 7. jy11a, npttcycreoeao caM n11 -
Typrn j 11 y LIPKIJlt ll o611owethy JIHTttje. Ceno HMa OKO 1200
CTaHOBHHKa, ce 11 npaeocnaeHe sepe, antt j e mrrypr11j11
np11cycreoeano CaMO OHO 70 JIHl{3, H TO eekHHOM CTap11j11
MYWH3pWt. n ocne JIHTyprnje, y C3MOj upKBll jc o6aBJbCllO
oceehclbC eone, l1JTO jc pa11uje epUieHO KOJJ. Kpcra ua
fll311B3y•. 3aTHM cc np11crynHJ10 ofipa.30ea11>y mtmje, an11
jc y lbOj Y4CCTBOB3J10 caMO OHO 40 JIHI.ta, OJJ. KOjllX je
3H3Tall 6poj 6110 3a y3et" HOWelbCM TCWKHX 1.tpHBCHllX 3B-
CTaB3 ll •ue6a •. 3acraee It 4CTHPH MOTHC 33 Hojc j e
yrepl)cuo •11c6o I IIpeTXO,IJ,HO cy OKHtlctte BCHW11•13 OJJ.
3CJICl!Or >KHTHOr KJlacja. noK je mrrnja o6HJ1a3HJ1a OHO
l.lPKBC, Tpllnyr, HCKOJIUKe >KeHe cy jc noc11nane 3PllHM3
nWCllHI.tC, KYHYPY3B H rpaxa, It TO .uoxe.aTajyhn Ta 3pHa 113
Cl!Ta It 6a1..1ajyh11 l!X .necHOM PYKOM 'f3 611aroc1t.lb3.lbC: •na
====== 114======
6or .o.a Jl3. J>OAH )f<HTO! $ 3ptta ce CTaB.lbajy y CHTO 113
oco6wr Ha•um: y CllTO cc CT3Bll Hajnpe jeJJ.HHM pawHpellHM
KpajeM <u1cr y6p yc (ncwtmp), na ce Ha y6pyc H3PY" C
3p11a, a mma cc Ta 3ptta npe1<pttjy H CHTO o6as1-1je ;::i;pynrn
1<pajcM y6pyca. Pairnje, .QOI< ce c m1rnjo.v. ttwno Ha 013-
na:w, }f(CHC cy crojane c o6e crpatte ymtltC H nocttnan e
3pHHMa mnujy.
H e3H3THO y "lewl\c CCOCKHX CTaHOBHHK3 y ltPKBH H n H-
mjH H IIOTIIyttO OACYCTBO o6pena n o KyhaMa, a Be.JIHKO II
6y•m o eecen.e y ccny, no1<a3yjy Jla j e 33eemua y 3arajm.ui
TOKOM epeMetta roroeo H3ryforna ceoj npeo6unm HapaK-
TCP It npe-reop1ma cc y Of!lllTC Hapo.11;110 BCCClbC 6e3 H'·ICra
up1<eeuor H eepcKor. H 33 speMe m1Typmje tt JJHTttje
1953. IIOCMaTpao caM KaKO cc y ABOPHWTHMa y nenocpe.n-
HOj 6m-13llHH UPl<BC yKyhaHH H lbl-IXOB H rocrH eecene y3
6y<m y l.lHI"'3HCKY CBttpKy.
Ilpe.o; no.11ue ror nana no\leJm cy .aa np11crn>1<y y eeheM
6pojy rocrn: tt3 JJ.pyn1x Mccra, H TO no11a>HelbC cc npony-
>f<H110 H nocne no.Que, a rnaetto qawhaeaH>e rocrn:jy 61U10
je nocne nontte H cyrpa,uatt no 3l!BeTHHH.
Kao rocr1t tt a 3aeerutte y Bojeo.umm .u0J1a3e CaMO cpo.Q-
HHQH, l<YMOBH H np1tjaTeJbH H3 .upyrnx ce11a. ,Uol)y H
cny qaj HH no3ttattHQH ca 1<ojHMa ce tte1<0 113 cena Her.ue
yno311ao na HX napo4HTO n03eao 33. ry npwtH1<y. 3a Te
rocre lbllXOBH noMahHHH cnpeMajy CBe"laHC o6e.11e H H3BO-
ne HX y 1<p4MY H tta Hrpa11Ky. OpHMajy cc H 1<paT1<e noceTC
II 1'9.l<BH nOCeTllOQll cc "lawhaeajy BHHOM II KOJla"lllMa.
BpeMe j e 611110 11eno 11 y 3 arajmtH ce 6wto 1tc1<ynH110
110CT3 CBCT9.. fomo j e II HCKOJIHKO tilHjaKepa y KOj HMa ce
B03a0 MJJal)H CBeT a KOjHMa cy l<O'IHjaWH.nlt MllaJJHl>H,
1<aHJt1t.l1ant 33 >Hett1t.116y. YomuTc, 33BeTHHa je nplUlHKa 33.
cacrajaH>C MOMaKa H nceojaKa n 61tpaH>C 6y.11yhcr 6pattHor
n pyra.
n ocne no.11He, Ha Jt3H 33BeTHHe, OMJlaJIHHa H3 cena H ca
crpane Hc1<yn.lb3 cc ua •nnauy •, Tpry 11cnpen LIPKBe "
onwTJme, 11 Hrpa, a nOCJte aeqepe je one-r Ka1< ea npHpe.i:16a
c HrpaHKOM y 3aTBOpe11HM npocropHjaMa. y HOBHje epe-
MC, II y 3arajHUll, Kao II no .11pyrnM 6a11aTCKHM CCJlllMa, 0
33BCTHHH ce npHpel)yje cl>y.i:t6anc1<a yraKMHQa, na je cee TO
====== 11i======
6ruto H y 3arajttQH 1953. CTapHj ll U3 cCJJa ii ca crpaue
npoeo.i:te epeMe yrnaeHoM y Hp4MaMa. Oee, 1953, eece.lhe
y3 m1je1bC 11 cettpHy Tpaja110 je tte caMo "IHTaBY 11oh nero
11 no no.1111c cyYpa,ua11 no 33eeT11Htt.
Kao H no npyrttM cemtMa, cyrpa,uau no 3l!BCTllHH 6H110
je mpakelbC• roCTHi Y no ce11y na qmja1<ep11Ma, 1<oje je
no'le110 OHO 9 cam. Y jenau Max mmeo caM ocaM q)llja1<epa
tta ym11.u1, Ha tteK11Ma cy 61mn 11 cenpal.111. 611110 je "
llOBHX q>11ja1<epa, KynlbCHHX 3ll oey np11m1Ky. 8 03albCM Ha
cl>1tja1<epy yeeceJhaea ce OM1la,uH11a, a TO jc np1rnuHa .11a cc
noHamy It HMOBHC npllJlllKC ll oco6u11e 1<yhe, ocofot TO
Hyhe HOja JlMa MOMKa Ha >t<C11ttn6y.
n o THM ceojHM oco6tt11aMa, 3arajH'IKa 3aBCTl\113 ce HC
pa3JllH<yje 0.11 3aeCT\IHC y npyruM CC11\1Ma 01<0 Bpwua II
Eene Up1<ee. Otto no 'ICMY cc OHa 113.D.Baja 11 npencraBJba
eemtKY 33.l'OHCTKy, CJ1114110 1<30 II y CYCCDJIOi .UynJbajH,
jCCTC uMe KOj11M cc nattac mi:mea nau y HOi11 nana n
33eeT1ma a 1<oje yncrrpe6Jbaeajy 3llraj114Kll cycentt.
JII
4ecro cc MO}l(C 'lynt Jt3 ce naH 33rajH'IKC 3aBCTJIHC 30BC
Japwro. To 11Me ynOTpe6JbaBajy CBH y llyfLJbajH, a H y
ec11HKOM ccny j accuoey OHO je no6po no311aTO. Y o6a cena
Mome cc TO llMC 'IYfll H y o6nHKY Jep1t110, an11 peTKO. (To
je, 1tHa"le, no1<antta n11jane1<aTCRa nojasa y 6anaTy.) OapTa
je ce110 uaj611 tt>He 3arajuQll. J.fa p33roeopa ca HCKOJIHQll-
110.~ MJJa~u x Oaphaua o 3aBCTHHH y 3arajuuu 1953. cre1<ao
CUI yr11caK na OHH 311ajy 33 HMC JapHJJo, anH J],a HC mene
Jt3 roeope 0 TOMC. H MC japH110 3a 311rajH'IKY 33BCTHHY
no311aro jc " y ccny .U.y6osuy: no Ka3ueaa.y H ceettKe
A 11JJ.pejuk, ponoM ua ,Uy6oeua, lbCH n o1<ojuu OTal..l 33JlllP-
K11eao jy je, nOCJJe lbCl!e ynaje y 3arajuuy, na je lbCHa
33eeT11ua JapHno. On jcnue crap111..1e on 75 ronu1-1a y cen y
Bpa<ieera j y H0.11 Ee11e Up1<ee, an11 po.i:toM ll3 ,UynJbaj e,
cnymao ca1o1 TaKol)c o :Jaraj H"IKOM j ap1my. M el) yntM, y
Bpa4eeraj y je .i:tOCKopa >f<llBCO po.i:t Crournhu, Koj u cy ce
=====;;;; 116======
.itemmH 11a orpam<c: Crow11he PoH'ICee 11 Crow11he Jap11-
noec. Jap1t110B1t, KOjH cy H3YMPJJH, tpcl)a A3 cy 011ae11a
HOCHJJH TO HMC , a DOCJ'ICAJbH OJt lhHX jc 6 110 IlOK. >KHBKO
jap1t11oe. IlpcMa ro.v.e, 11eKaJl3. cc y Bpa'leerajy 6o.lbe
311aJIO 33 j apHJIO.
Y caMoj 3arajHUH ItMe j ap1mo je cna6o no3ttaro H Jby,11,11
ra 11e eone. Ka.a; caM npell nyr foio y 3arajnu11 (10. anpnna
1949), C3MO MH je ytUl'feJb M11na11 IlonOB, po.o:oM 113
cycen11or cena H3611ll1Ta, Morao pdm Aa MY je ro ttMe
Il03H3TO. A HaJ], caM no .a;pyrn Il)'T 61i.0 y 3arajHUH H HM30
npHJJHKC .na AOl)eM y AO,!IJIP ca eehHM 6pojcM JbYJlH, 0
CaMOj 3aBCTHHll 1951, YTBPAllO CaM L[3 crap11j11 JbYAH 3Hajy
33 ro ttMe, amt .na ra H36eraeajy, 6y11yk.111ta cy yeepe1111 .11a
jc TO !IMC IlOD,pyrJbHBO II A3. HM cc 113 n j H3'1HH lhHXOBH
cyceltH pyrajy. To je O'lurne,!1110 non yr11uajeM LtPKBC 11
m l CMCHOCTH: Ka.KO y llPKBH H y KaJICHJlapHM~ HCMa HH
npa3HHK3 1111 CBeTllTe.lha ca TilKBHM llMCHOM, KOJC !I X MHO-
ro no.nccka Ha jape, n.1pKBeH1-1• JbY!J.H, KaKo ce y 6aHaTy
30BY CBH KOjH Y4CCTByjy BJ.!We y QpKBettOM )l(J.IBOTY H
BJ.Ill.IC cc !J.p)l(e pe,IJ,a KOjH npon1-1cyjc upKea, H36eraBaJm
cy HMC KOjC J.IM HJ.tje l.IPKBCllO," 0110 ce KO!J. lbHX H3ryfomo
1-13 ynOTpe6e . .Uattac yonWTC BHWC HC MO)l(e .na ce Y'fBP.IUl
JUI nH cc TaKO 3Bao caMO jc,naH ,natt HnH cy ce T3KO
HJl3HBanH KaKBH o6tt'llljH KOjH cy 113BOl}eHll ror ,natta.
McbyrttM, npa3HHK un u o61-14aj no.n HMehoM Jap1-1no
H11jc 6HO nooHaT CaMO y 3arajmtH H lbCHOj 6nH)l(Oj OKOnH·
Hll . .Uo npe HCKQnHKO ACI.ICHHja 33 lbCra cc .no6po 3HaJIO
HaWHpcM npocrpaHCTBY y 6aHaTy. 0.n 4CTB0Plll.IC crap tt jHX
IbfJJ:H y ccny japKOBU.Y ( cpc,nlbH 6attaT) cnywao caM, 1949,
.na cc ll3 MllaJlOCTH cekajy .na ce cnas1U10 Jap1mo, anu Hllcy
MOrnll .na MH npy>t<C BllWC HHK8KBllX .npyrux n ojC.QHHO-
CTll. 3 3a Japuno cc 3Hano ll y ceBep 110M EaHaTy. n o
caonwTelby An. CTC¢>attom1ka, Y4HTC1ba, Bpno !J.06por
TI03118BaOa.a ttapo.nttor )l(HBOTa " CKfTIJba.48 rpal)e 0 Ha-
pQJJ,llOM >t<HBOTy, y ccny KyMaHHMa jow )l(l!BH 6ne.na
ycnoMCHa Ha npa3HOBaH:>C j apttna: crapuu.a .Upara Tandi
• T. ,..,.cuocy-:~Mi<>o<>oc< allll (ll ro;i.). M11111&'E1)l>idlo (6I ro;i.). MKtUa
u,q,..MAM>ocar.o,...-
======;;; 111======;;;
(7 1 ro.n. - 1949) ynaMrnna je o.n cBor cBeKpa .na cc
npa.3HoBao npa3HHK Jap1uto, Kor H11je 611no y KaneHJtapy,
a HeKa.Lla jc 6HJIO" CBC4apa Ha Taj .natt.
HaBewk.y jow je.naH no.narnK KOjH HJ.tje .llOBOJbHO noy3·
,!l,8H a.rm je epno KapaKTepl-ICTH48H. y ceBCpQHCT04HOj
Bocttu ce npa:myje npa3ttllK ApnHje 1-1ntt Apn1-1jea.11a.H.
PacnHryjyti.H je.11110M npunllKOM o TOM npa3mtKy, 11ow ao
caM He04eKHB8HO )10 TI0)18TJ<a 0 6attaTCKO,\\ J apHny: Ka.II
caM crapua Tewy fattHJIOBHha H3 cena 6arnywe ( 6p4aH-
CKll cpe3) nHTao 33 Apn1-1jee.naH, OH MH jc }'3rpe,c:, acOQJ.t·
jal.UljOM, npH430 KaKO jc 33 BpeMe n pBOr CBCTCKOr paTa
61-10 aycrpoyrapcKH eojHllK II KaKO jc c lbHM y j C)lllHHQH,
72 JlOMo6paHCKOj pcrHMeHTH, 4Hje je JbfACTBO 6ttno H3
6HBWC TOpQHTaJJCKC )l(yna1m je (Tj. H3 6attaTa), foto HCIOI
Cp6uu Hn:ttja, Koj 11 jc cnaBHO Japttno.
npeMa H3JlO)l(eHOMC1 He MO)l(e 6HTH CfMlbC )],a jc y
6aHaTy HCKa,Qa 6uo .ll,Onpo no3H8T H nOlliTOB8H npa:mm<
1<0jtt ce y ttapo.1Iy 3BaO Japuno H na .ll,attac HC caMO wro
je.QBa >KHBOTaPH 11>Croao npa3HOBalbC Hero cc tt arno r y61-1
qal( H CQMO HMC JapHJIO. VbeaH 6JIH)l(C Ol<OJlllHe 3arajHue
sch cy cacBHM pCTKC H 6ne.ll,e ycnoMette ua Jap1mo H
H8CK0po he HX caCBHM HeCTant. HnaK, HHje HCK1b)'4CHO )],a
y Hel<HM MCCTHMa, H3 KOjllX 33. ca.na HeMaMO HHKaKSHX
o6aeCWTClba., HMa H CBe)l(HjHX ycnoMCHa, a MO>KJtA cc jow
OJJ:P>K3Ba H CaMO npa3HOB81bC HnH epwClbC KaKeor o6H4a-
ja non: THM HMCHOM. Mo>KJta he osaj npttnor )],ant no.ncru-
u.aja HCKOMe )18 npHKfTIH TaKBHX o6aBeWTCtt.a H3 .npymx
KpajeBa.
IV
Oc-raje MH )],a K8)1(CM WTa je y CTBapH TO JapttnO H
1<aKas je t1>Croe 311a4aj. npe Her o lliTO ce .na o.nroBop 11a
Ta TIHTillba, CMaTpaM )],a kc 6HTH l<OpHCHO )],a cc 6ap ca
HeKOJltlKO peq11 OCBPllCM Ha nojasy H3fMHpalba. npa3HOBa-
lba Japttna ttnH Bpwelbll o6pe.na ttnH o61-14aja no.I], ttMeHOM
Japttno, no KOMe ce OllJ],a 3880 " tteKJ.I ll8H y I"OllHllH.
He tpe6a HhH y na.ncKy npoWJJocr, jep HaM H 6n11c1<a
======= 11s=======
npOWJIOCT II caapeMeUOCT npymajy MHOro 11pHMCpa Ka-
KO MO>He 113 o6!l'·laja Lta H3Ht)C npa3HOBalbe nojCllllHHX
npa3ttm<a.
11 LIPKBCHC H rpaJ:iaHCJ<C snacrn y BojBOLtHHH ynn-1ane
cy caBeTHMa H m1pe)l6aMa R3KO Jl3 cc npa3Hyjy npa3HllQH,
na H ua cc cMalb11 npa3HOBalbe ~montx npa.3mn<a. Hapo-
•rnTo je y TOM norne;w 6tto a1<T11sa11 Mojcwjc ne-rpoeHh,
<'iu rrponom1T 6eorpa,uc1<11 (o.n 1713) H t<apnoea'IKH (o.i:i:
1727), pecliopMaTOp l.lPKBCHOr »<HBOT3 KOJl. Cp6a y THM
o6JiaCTHMa, KOjH je 1724. o6jaBHO H napO'l\.IT}' YPCJI6y 0
peQlopMaMa, KOjOM je 6irno o6yxeaheHO H CBCTJ.COBalbe
npa3HHJ<a, a re pe¢opMe yceoj 110 je H llp1rneno-11apo.rum
ca6op y EeorpaJJ.y 1730. CHHOJl Kapnosa<1J<e Mmponom1je
je II llOl{HH je ll:OHOCHO T3.KBC OllJl}'KC, IIOCJICJlJbH nyr
J786. 3 CehaM cc .no6po H3 ceor JJ,CnllhCTBa 1<a1<0 cy npaso-
CJiaBHH cse w ttHHl.{H y BHCOI\OM II Ha l1m1 jarny, y cpCJl-
lhOj Eocm1, y ro.Q1rnaMa npe.Q npBII CBeTCI<H paT, y npono-
Be!lHMa caeeToewm 1t npenopy<msanH !la ce pa.r:t1t y MHore
O!l neTlhHX npa3HIII<a I<Oje je ceocKH cseT npocnaslbao
Y3!lp»<aBalheM o.r:t pai:ta . .Uattac je ·y TOM Kpajy eeh cacBHM
LIPYI<•mje.
C o6::mpoM Ha 6auaT II Ha 'IMCTO ttapO.QHe eepcI<e o6tt4a-
j e, ttapo4HTO je noy4aH npHMCp H3BOl)eH:.a p11TyaJ1HliX
Mrapa I<palbMUa, Koje cc y EattaTy s1twe H1tr.Qe He li3BO.Qe.
.Uauac ce y 6attaTy pemo Mome ttahu KOjH crapau Hnll
crap1ma KOj ll fol 3Ha0 HCWTO 0 I<PaJbHuaMa, H TO no
4yBelhy. Mel)y-TIIM, !la HCMaMO IIHCMCHO CBeA043HCTBO .Qa
je y 6attaTy 6MJtO H3BOl)eH:.a KPaJblll{a, eeh HC 611CMO
MOrJlH noy3J1aHo TBPLIHTH HI! .na HX je yonwTe H 6ttno. y
ByKOBO epeMe ( n pe .Qpyror H3!l3lh3. lberosa Pjei.11111Na,
1852) I<palb1tUe cy ce H3BO.QHnc jow no Cp61IjH Ort Uepa H
Oil Mel)eLimrna ilO TttMOKa, Kao H no Cnaeo1mj11, a •no
CpujeMy, no Ea4KOj H no 6attaTy 11rpane cy !lOCKopa, na
cy HOBH CBCWTCHHl{II aa6paHHJ1H H ttCKOpttjeHHJlH ( npttno-
BHje)lajy mette Kojc cy l)eeojI<aMa 611ne y KpaJbttl{aMa, .r.ta
> Pu. M . rp yjH~ : npH»QJH "" HCTOPHiY Cp6Mje r Jlo6a OfCTp•ic~• o Kyn••lHi•
( 1718-1739). CnoJOtHHK CKA. Lil, 1914, S4 " A.; 11. Pyllapau: K• K<> i• nocrao
Aai ta<ulbK 6poj a>rH>ll<:IHHlC npa3HHKO )' Cp(t«..u. JlCTOnKC TKlllO'lK< cn• pJUO)t, IV ,
1926,27-41.
======119======
cy ux c 6aTttHaMa TjepanH Ii pa3rOHli.llli no ceny)•. 4 TaKo
IICTO, y 6attary j e H3o6H4aje110 H YHOWC!be 6a,QlbaI<a,
TOJllll<O I<apaKTepI1CTH4HOr 6omHlilber o6tt 4aja: OHO >KHBll
caMO y 6ne.ttOM ceha lby. Ha TaKaB H34liH HCKOpClhCHII cy 11
MHOr11 Apyr11 o6H4ajJ.I H eepoeaH>a, na je MOrao Aa ce
HClWpeHH H o6J.14aj J.IJlJ.I npa3HJ.IH Jap1u10.
HnaK, rnaBHJ.I pa3Jlor ttanywnlhy npa3HOBalh3. no je.QII-
HHX npaaHJ11<a II spwelha pa3HHX o6114aja m1 je y Hape.i:t6a-
Ma liJlH 336paHaMa pa3HHX BJlaCTH Hero y senmrnM !lPY-
WTBCHIIM H llPIIBpeAHllM n pOMCHaMa I<Oje ce spwe y
ttapo.i:ty. Ono wTo ce npe HCKMIIKO .a:eueH11ja Httje Morna
HH .a:a 33MttcnJ.1, .a:attac j e seh cacettM o6tt 4Ha nojasa: 11 OHJ.I
KO)H HHa4e .a:pme MHOrO .a:o eepe II UPHBe, pane He caMO
Ha M3ff>C llP3.3HHI<e Hero II Ha T3B. BCJlJ.IKe, Kao WTO cy
Cnacos.QaH, r ocnoj1ma II .a:p. Ka.a: neKH npa3HHK n pecratte
.Qa ce npocnaelba, 6pao ce ry6tt 11 attaH>e o TOMe Kora .a:atta
na.Qa, a speMCHOM MY ce ry6H ].! MMC . .Ilattac seh MaJIO KO
3Ha 1<a.a:a T34HO na.a:ajy 0rlheHa MapHja, Mttjolb.i:taH M
.Qp., jep ce THX .a:atta can.a pa.QM H HC BOJlH ce pa4yHa 0
lhlIXOBY .Q3ryMy.
Tioje)lHHH CBeTIITClbJ.I H np3.3HlilUf !lP>KC ce C3MO y
HCI<HM HpajeBHMa. T a1<0 Hnp. Uptta ropa H Xepl{eroBHHa
cnaee cs . Bac tt.nttja OcrpowI<or, C peM ce. Cresatta llhtt-
lbattosuha H MajKy A tt r enMHy, 33113.i:tHa MaI<e.a:o1111ja ce.
Joeaua Bna.a:ttMttpa, HT.a:. Antt 1mje TaKO caMo y norne.i:ty
11a ttarttto ttanHe u.nM o6.nacue ceerte. T aKo j e .a:oueI<ne II c
OHtt111a KOju cy aajeJlHH4I<H <iHTaeoj npasocnasuoj rtPI<BH.
T aKo ttnp. y HCI<HM uawttM KpajeBIIMa Cs. T pmflytt je
eenlIK npaaHHK (oco611To y 6oI<11), i:tpyr.r:te ce npaattyje Kao
uapoi:tCKH npa3HHI< (Hnp. y MaI<CJlOHHjtt), uer .a:e ce 33.
&era roroso Ii u e 3H3 ( tt np. y Bojso.a:uuu). To je npHMep
npaattosalba jeD.Hor xp11whaucKor CBeTIITClba. Ta1<e11x
nplIMepa 6H ce Morno HaBCCTH MHOr o, 3.Jlll TO HHje nOTpe&-
HO. C .a:pyre crpau e, nocroje H npa3HHUH 1wju ce 111or y
3BaTH 11apOJlCHHM y npasoM CMHC.ny TC pe4H. T aKBll cy
Hnp. Kpecoau y cpe.a:lhoj Eoc1m, P y»<H4aJIO y HCT04Ho j
C p6I1 jH H .a:p. Y Ta.Hae 6tt cna.a:ano 11 6attaTCHO Japuno.
====== 120======
v Oll CJiaMe 6auajy ce y BO.IIY· Ty ce pa.!UI, no npo<tJ. 3ene-
HHrAe J:tPYrAe HOA Cp6a, 6ap npeMa uaweM caaaUIH>eM
3H!llby, m1je J],0 ca.Qa KOllCTaTOBaH npa3HHK IUIM o6w.iaj
Japm10, ceM HOA Cp6a y fiauaTy. HeMa ra, IlOJ:l TllM
HMCHOM, HH KOJ:l .Qpyrnx J yH<IUIX Cnoae11a. 311a<1ajuo je .ua
HH Ta pe4 JapHJJO m1je Il03H3TO l<O.U JymHHX Cnoaetta. Ca-
Ma pel! MHOro no.uccha 11a t jarli>HJIQil H 113rncna Kao H.ero-
sa ananornja, na 6n ce Morno noMHUUbaTH .ua :ma<m MCCTO
HJIH speMe Ha.Qa ce K03C jape. Mel;ymM Japttno ce npa-
311yje y no3HO nponehe TC 11eMa seae ca K03aMa H japaJJ.H,
jep ce 1<oae jape y MapTy. 311a11aj110 je ,!l,a peq japllJlo mm
Japm10 1111cy aa6enem1um HH Byt< I<apa1,mh y csoM Pje~­
Huxy HHTH JyroCJiaBCHCHa 3Ka.D;CMHja y CBOM. H11caM je
11awao 1111 y .o:pyrnM cmtcttMa. HeMa je 1111 y pe<rnwmoj
rpal;tt 113 aapoAa, Koja je ca6pa11a y HttCTHTYTY 3ll cpnCKH
jeaHK CpncKe a1<3)1CM11je 11ay1<a 3ll pe'IHHH cpnc1<0r
jeamm.
Haw jeaHK, 1mal.Je, HMa y 06HJhY pe'IH ll3Be.QeHHX O.Q
HCTor 1<opetta 1<ao H japw10, Hnp.: japa, japH yces, japHK
(je11aM), jap1:1Ha ( ByHa), no.QjapHrn, jap1<0 C y Hue, HTll.
CaM KOpeH jap je He caMO OflillTeCJIOBCHCJ<H Hero H HH.r:tO-
csponc1m. H ja ce Heli.y OB.QC ynywTaTH y eTHMOJIOillKa
pacMaTpalba, Kao illTO OBOM npl11utJ<OM 11ehy YJia3HTI! HH y
pacMaTpaH:.a o nope1my ll 3Ha'leH:.y noje.QHHHX eneMeHaTa
o KOMnne1<cy Jap1tno-fepMa11-CKano jaH. 0BO.\l np1tnH-
1<0M caMo YKa3yjeM 11a 3Hal.Jaj 6aHaTCKor Jap1rna, 1103ttaTor
caMO no HMeHy, 1<0je .IIOBO.IIH y 6JIHIBY Be3y 6yrapcKO-
-cpncKor f epMaHa H pyMyHcKor CKanojatta c HCTO'IHOCJIO-
eettcKttM Jap11noM.
A;m, aKO KO.II nae HHCY H3BaH EattaTa n03HaTH npa3HIU<
ll pe'I JapHJIO, OHH cy BpJIO .1Io6po n03HaTH KO.II BCJIHJ<Or
.1ICJ1a Pyca. Y Kpyry HBaH:..1IaHCKHX o6tt11aja BeoMa je pa-
wttpeH o6 tt'laj KO.II Pyca .Qa ce Ha HsaH:..1IaH ttcrepyjy H3
cena eeWTttQe HJIH .n.a ce H3HOCe nyrne Oll CJiaMe 1<oje Hoce
pa3Ha ttMetta: MapttHKa, Y SbaHa, KaTCpHtta, Kynano, Ko-
crpy6ottKO, Kocrpo.'l'la, Japww. Tipo<tJ. ,[(HM. 3enelbl!H
BHJJ.H y TO.'f\e HCTOBpeMeHO l!3HOllleH:.e HCl.JHCTOhe If ptt-
TYaJJ.HY pa.r:tlbY H3 KYJITa BCWTHQa. Ha MHOro MeCTa nyrne
======121 ======
lbHHy, O'IHrne.ntto o epa11aH:.y 3a 1mwy. 5
Beh je paHHje 3aila)t(eHa cpoJUIOCT pyc1<0r JaplUla ca
0
6yrapcKo-cpnCKHM repMaHOM HJIH U epMaHOM l! PYMYH-
CKHM CKanojattoM. KO.II Byrapa H KO.II Cp6a y 6tteweM
IIHpOTCKOM, HllWJ<OM, epatbCKOM H JieCKOB3'1KOM 01<pyry y
Cp6HjH cy .IIBa npa3HOeaH>a fepMatta. TipBO je ttenoKpe-
TaH npa3HHK cs. fepMatta, 12. Maja no crapoM, 1<a.Qa
npaBOCJJaeaa up1<ea rnam1 ycnoMCf!Y Ha uapttrpaJJ.c1<or
naTpttjapxa repMatta, npOTHBHl!Ka n1<otto6opaua (yMpo
722). Y ttapO.IIY y Byrapc1<oj TO je TepMaH I'pagywKap,
je.1IaH Oll 'ICTHPH rpa.1Iyw1<apa, Tj . CBCTHTeJba KOjH 3al10Be-
.aajy rpa.IIOM (TY40M); OCTaJIH cy CB. BapTOJIOMCj (11. jy-
Ha), CB. jeJIHCHje (14. jyHa) H CB. 81-t.II (15. jyHa) . fepMaH
ce npa:myje BCOMa crporo, .r:ta HC 6H TyKao rpa.a;. Tor .1Iatta
.r.1esoj1<e npaBe t fepMaHa •, nyrny HJIH H.IIOJI Oll 3CMJhC,
CJltt'laH 'IOBCKy, H Ha.II H>HM epwe cse 06pe.1Ie H o6tt'lajc
Hao llITO ce epwe HaJl YMPJIHM 11oee1<0M. To cc paJJtt .Ila 6tt
f epMaH ca<IyBaO ceno tt noJhe O.Q rpaJla.& CcM 12. Maja,
npaBe t fepMaHa • ll HaJl H>HM o6asJbajy cBe norpe6tte
o6 tt'la je H o6pe.1Ie Kao H Ha.it MpTBl!M 'IOBCJ<OM H y npo-
H3BOJbaH .1IaH, no notpe6H. Ta nOTpe6a je Ka.a; ce lt(Cml
KHW3 HJIH 1<a.r:t Ce IBCJIH cyBO BpeMC. Jlyrna fepMaH 3a
KHWy npaBH cc Oll rJIHHC y o6nHKY MYWKOr JhYlICJ<Or
Tena, BCJll!'lllllC .!IO nona MCTpa. Jlyrny IIOJIO>KC y catt.IIYK
Oll .1Iaca1<a, OHHTC je QBeheM, y p y1<e joj CTaBe sowTaHHQy,
na ce .IICBOjKe nopel)aj y y1:1ao1<ono H ttaptt'ly. Y Te-resetty
n 0Konna11 npaBe repMaHa Oll 1<pna, a caMo MapaQH y
OKOJIHHH TinCBHC npaBC fepMaHa 0.II MCTJJe, KOja MOpa .Ila
ce y1<paJJe H3 11e1<e 1<yhe on !l;eeo jaKa D:O.QonapH11. repMaH
3a cywy npaeH ce OD: MeTne tt Kpna. TioWTO ra onna11y,
caxpa1byjy ra . .[(03l!Bajy H CBCWTCHHKa Aa H3BpWH oneno.
Caxpalbyjy ray necKy nope11. pe1<e HJIH Ha OCTpsy y peuH,
aKO HMa pe1<a y ceny, tttta'le aa pacKpwhy H3BaH cena.
Ka.ti: ra 3aK011ajy, craee My H KpcT H3Ha11. rnaee . 3aTHM
npttpel)yj y Aahy y ceny. Bepyjy 11.a k.e nocne Tora ynapHTH
' 0 . Ztlenin: Ru.,i>ehe (ost>la>i>eht) Volk•kundc:. Berl;nundl..c:ip•ig 1927,lH.
• .n. M• P1tHOa: Haporo<a .,;.po" ptnHnto:.u<H >Upo;U<H oo...... C6HY, XXVlll ,
Co¢ituil9 14,468
====== 122======
1mwa. Taj ofa1<1aj ce apw11 y 3a11a,1111oj EyrapcKoj, na y
OKOJJHHH flnes11e, Jios•rn, CBHWTOBa, Tp11osa H y noje-
llllHHM cenHMa y 01<on1111H Pycea, Kap11o6aTa 11 Xac1<0ea.
Y rpany TeTese11y npase repMa11a o.r:t Hpna y npsy tte;:ie-
n,y Bemmor nocra (c)'T pana11 no To.nopttl\11). ,Uesoj1<e
HAY csa1<e HCJlCJbe n npemrnajy MY rpo6: TO ce 'HlHH .ua 11e
6y.ne cyrne npe"o neTa. 7 Je.1t11a spno 3a11aqaj11a noje.i:v1-
HOCT je caCBHM 3aHCMapeHa y THM aMaTepCKllM OllHCHMa
o6nqaja H nyrKe repMaua: rmme11a nyn<a fepMatta y
6yrapc1wj npasH ce c Hecpa3Mep110 seJntKHM cPanocoM, a
rnHo 11cro tt JTY'fKa Jap11110 y Pycujn.8
Map1rnos je caMo osnalll n0Me11yo nocroja1be ofo14aja
fepMaHa y 611sllluM 01<py311Ma y Cp6nj11 m1poTc1<0M, 11tt-
w1<0M, nec1<osatt1<0M tt epa1bC1<0M. Mel)yntM, y ttcroti:11oj
Cp6HjH H y jy>KHOM floMopasJby, r.ti.c ce 3Ha 3a fepMatta,
snana np11mtl!Ha pa311oepcHOCT, a y 3aaaAHoi Cp611j11 ce
3a lbera yoawre He 3Ha. Y npe.neny 3arnam<y npa:myje ce
cB. 'Bep.viatt HJIH I,IepMan .na rpan He y611je noJbe, 9 a y
fpm.JWTY (nlMO'IKH cpe3) CB. fepMana, 1<aO H CB. BaPTO-
JIOMeja, cnaee Oll rpoMa. •0 6110 je o6H•iaj y BeJIHKOM
H3eopy (THMOl.IKH cpe3) ,!I.a ce caxpalbyje 'BepMan, nyrna
Oll 3CMJbe." Y 6oJbeBa'IKOM cpe3y apa3nyje ce cs. fepMan
12. Maja 110 crapoM O.!l rpoMa H Bone: 1<0 611 ror ,!l,atta
pa;:i:HO, CBe 6H MY BO.Ila 0.!IHeJla. Am1 y OBOM 1<pajy, Kao Hy
Eyraprnoj, 1<a.i:i: je BeJIH1<a cywa, .1Ieeojl!HLle Oll 10-14
ro,!1,1tHa npaBe noBehy nyrny (Ben1t<ume 1<ao neTe o.a; 7-8
ron1111a), 1<oja apencraBJba MYlll1<ap1.1a H Kojy 30BY fep-
Man. Ty nyrny caxpalbyjy y rpo6 H Hall rpo6oM 1<yKajy H
nna1.1y 3a fepMa110M wro je yMpo O.!l cywe.12 .Uo1< cs.
HnHja ynpaBJba rpOMOM, CB. I,IepMaH (BepMatt), no Bepo-
ealby y Jly)f(HHUll 11 HmnaBH (6HBWH n11pon:1<1t 01<pyr),
ynpaen.a rpa,!1,0M 11 o6Jl31{HMa. Crora ce npa3Hyje 12. Maja,
' HaB. .O<.'J0.5S3-SSS
• c •. JI. K<><:n1B: Kyn••T •• rof"'ll<ll y 6'.nn p..n. lf31<kna! HI &Wlf'IJ)CHO
a pXN>JIOn!"'f«;XO!ll'f>l<«:"J BO,J!l,Co<l> ... 19!2,Jl[-112
• Map.CTa1<0jt1<Hh:3 ...n•H•H.Cli3,XX,lioocl"'Jl,l91J,40.
" Cno.>«!I Hl\l TH.~O'l"Kt tn• p••i< 1834-1934. Cpc:fllCHH KapnOBUll 1934. 219
"THx.P.l>oplJ<BHhf~""°"HCfKopat,1Hh,Jl!,l9(ll,20S
.. Ca&. M. rp&ih: CpnOKH H&p<>JJ;l<H o6H'·U•i• H3 Cpc:. &<>....... ~ • .,,.. CE3, XIV,
~1909,66,137
======= 12i =======
oco6HTO no npe.1Ieny B11co1<y H no cenHMa 01<0 Il11pma, a
na Ea,nlbe Belle ce Mone IJepMany ,!I.a HX cal!yBa O.ll rpa.Jtll.
H 11pe1<0 neTa, 1<an 11a1dje o6naK 113 i<or o'le1<yjy rpa.a;,
B1t1.1y 1t 0.1I6ujajy I,IepMa11a. ' l Y OJ<OJIHHH H1twa cBernyje
ce CB. DepMaH (12. Maja) Kao 11ajeelu1 npa3HMK na rpan He
61tje yceee 11 .ita lbHee He crpa.iujy on noeonlba.1' H y
OKOJIHHH Anc1<c1t1tu;a npa311yjy OcpMa11a 36or rpa,!1,a. u Y
ccny flph.HJIOBHl.111 (.viopaBCKH CpC3) ~10.\11.IH cy npaDH-
JIH, 1900, 36or cywe, OepMaHa o.i:i: 3CMJL.e H caxpam1-
n 1t ra 6n113y pe1<e. 16 Cp61t y XoMOJby HC npa3uyjy
'BepMaua-I,IepMana, aJIH ce epwe cnH'IHH o6w·iai11 Ha
'Bypljee.1ta11: 6au;ajy .ltCDOjKC y BOllY na 611 Te ro.QHI!e
na.uana KHllla H 11a 611 ro11.1tna 6Hna po.nna." Y 61teweM
IlHPOTCKOM OKpyry, Te y OKOJlllHH AneKCHHQa H JlCCKOB-
ua, HMa Tora .Ila ce npttJIHKOM CCOCKC JIHTHje HCKO 6aQH y
eo.i:i:y.'s
H PyM yHH 3Hajy 3a o6ttl!aj npaen.e1b8 1t caxpalbHBalba
nyn<e; Taj lbHXOB o611qaj ce 110.llynapa y cBeMy ca 6yrap-
c1<0-cp11c1mM fepMaHOM HJIH I,IepMaHOM. CaMo mro KO.Q
PyMyHa nyn.a HOCM MMC Kanoja11 HJIH C1<anojan. Httal!e, 11
Kon PyMytta Jl)'TKY on 3eMJbC npaee .QCBOjKe aa je CTaBJha-
jy y KOB'ler H y3 nna" 11 Kaljelbc 11oce 11a je caxpa11e y
allTOBHHH, nope.ll H3BOpa, HJIH 11ope.a: 6y11apa. 06aBC3HO je
nnaKalbe H, .a:a 611 llITO BHWe nna1<ane, ,!l,eBojKe TpJbajy
O'IH QPHHM JIYl<OM. flnaqyl'rn , neeajy necMy KOjOM ce
o6paliajy KanojaHy .Ila Mo.rm 11e6eca .Ila nycre 1<11wy .ita
po.a:e yceBH. ITocne Tp11 .a:a11a OT1<onajy Kanojaua M, on1<0-
n.ena yaaJbCHHM caeliHQaMa na Manoj nalj1tu;H, nycre ra y
BO.QeHe Tanace. cHC3HaTHHM pa3J1HKaMa Till<O cc P3.!ll1
cBy,a:a y paBHOj Bna1111<oj H OnTe1111jH r.a:e Taj o611'1aj
aocro"j11. 19 Ami, HC BO.QCliH pa1.1y11a yonwTe 0 TQMC .a:a
" BJta.o.. M. llKKOJJHh: lfa Jlf>K!f1'U< H HHw.a ... . CE3, XVI , 6eorpoJI !910, 140,
149; C. TpojaHOBHh: r11aB•H cpn<K• "'l"""""K o6H ...; •. CE3, XVI], li<ol'J>O'l 191 l,
135-!37, 14!
"M. l>. MMllHh<llHh: )KHHOl'Cp6acu..... CE3, I, 6eorpoJI 1894, 122-123
"THX. P. l>opl)cBHh Y~OC011KCyKapauHh,lll,205-206
" Hao:u<.Olea)'
" C. M. MllJIDCl.B..~Hh: Cpn<HH Kll.l>O;l)OH "6M ... iH U3 Cpc30 X<»oo."bCHOT. CE3,
XIX,i><ori>OJ1l913,S4-S5
"THX.P.l>opbtBHh,HOOOl< . ..COT}'
"MichclVulpcsco,Lcscoutumes roumaintspfoodiqoct.P.ris 1927, 160-165
=====;;;; 12•======
o61ttiaj nocrojH KO.II; Pyca, 6yrapa H Cp6a, B ynnecKo je
y3eo .Qa je y ofo1<1ajy KanojaHa oqyeaH KYJIT A.nom1ca H3
6H6noca, ca I<OjHM je OH 33HCTa MHOro CJIH'laH, H .Qa je
o6H'!aj IJ,OHeT eo.ueHHM nyYeM H3 <bettmrnje, 0.ll;HOCHO lf3
Cecroca y Tpa1<njH. 2n
Ko.1t crapttx Cnoeetta 6HJrn cy uapottllTH npa3HHQH,
cnojettH ca nenhHM concrHuttjeM. fnaette T1mw.1He pa.rtlbe
o THM npa3ttmtttMa cy eece.Jbe, ttrpe H narbefbe orH>a,
CKaKalbe Hpoa oralh H pa:ma raTatba o 6yllyl1HOCTJI, Kao H
nOTanatbe Map)l(eHe, Tj. noKonaealbe I1Jm y6ujalbe CHM-
6omfl.ltt11x ¢mrypa. Ko.r:t CBHX G'loeetta nocroje CJnt'IHH
npaattHUH, H TO o.n; crap1rne. Htt.D;epne 11x item1 y llBe
rpyne. Ilpey rpyny •ume OHH 1<0j11 ce y PycHjH 30BY
Kynamt, Kynana, Kyna.rro, a TO HMe je fotno noaHaTO 11 1<0.11;
4exa H CnosaKa; 1<0,11 .npyrnx Hapo.!la ce jaeJbajy pa:3Ha
;::i;pyra HMetta . .Upyry rpyny •ume Olm ca caxpatb11eaH.eM
CI1M6onI1<1HI1X ¢mrypa, WTO ce y M. PycttjII cnaja ca
Kyna.noM, na ce II JTYTKa 30ee Kyna.no, a y jymHoj ll
cpe.a,li>Oj Pyrnjtt nyTKa ce 30Be Japw10, 1<011 6yrapa
fepM.att-UepMatt, C1<a.nojau, Ka.noja11, a H3eo11u ce y
paatte ,[latte. Kao HH 5ora Kyna.na, TaKO HCTO Hilje 6UJIO HH
5ora Japttna ttnH fepMatta. Japttno ce jaeJba y nHcaHHM
cnoMettHQHMa Tel< y XVII ee1<y. Ceoja onurnptta tt3Jlara-
!ba o THM neTlhllM cee1.1aHOCTHMa (1<on Pyca yrnaettoM o
I1ealbJl:atty) HH.a,epne je 3aBPWHO uano111eHOM na ce jow
He MO>Ke naTH KOHa<1aH cy11 0 lbHXOBY 3Ha'!elby H nope1my
II lUI y TOM norne,1:1y npeocraje CJIOBeHCKOj eTHOJIOrnjH
jow eenm< anH 3axeanau pa;::i. J 1
4Hlhettm.rn je na ce y jymttHM nenoe1rna PyCllje, y
PyMyHHjH, y 6yrapc1<0j H y HCTO'IHOj Cp6ttjtt cee 110
11omrne Mopaee npeMa 3ana.a.y 11 11attac OJ1P>Kaea, Ha1<0 ce
BPWH y pa3He ,[latte a.Jilly HCTO no6a ronHtte, CllM5oJTH'IHO
caxpalhHBalbe JIYTI<C MYWI<Or nona, I<Oja HOCH II HapotmTO
11Me, pa3JIH'IHTO y nojenHH11M 3eMJbaMa, a cee panlbe 1<oje
ce o6aeJbajy HMajy KapaKTep Maf'/H j c1<or YTlll..lalba Ha aT-
Moc¢lepc1<e npunHKe: na nanHe KHrna, aI<o je cywa, mrn na
" HlB . .oeno,l6S-l68
" L. Ni<dtrlo, Zi•ot otor~<h Sl<>vlJ>u, II/ I. Prq 1916, 252-260; -: Manu<I de
1·.,,1;quitt 1 la~.ll.Pari 1 1926,166.
====== 12s======
npecratte na;::ialbe, a1<0 11yro na11a. Cee ce TO o6aeJba y
no3eo npOJJefi.e wm y npee JieTlbe naue: y Pyc11jH y epeMe
OKO l1eaH>]latta (24. jyHa no crapoM), y Eyrapc1<oj H
HCTO'IHOj Cp6ttjH 12. Majano crapoM I<aneuruipy (Ha nan
cs. fepMaHa , L1apHrpaJICI<or naTpHjapxa 113 npee nOJJOBH-
tte VI II ee1<a) 11 noepeMetto, no n0Tpe611. iloMepalha y
lUITYMllMa Morna cy 611TH H3a3Batta II pa3J1111<aMa y KJm-
MaTCKHM npmumaMa, 1<oje cy Ha nnrnoj pa3naJbI1HH np11-
JIH'IHO 3HaTHe, na je cacel!M npttponeo 11a ce p11Tyantte
PaJllbe 3a KHlllY y PyCHj11 tt3eo11e 3eaTHO 1101.1H11je Hero y
o6naCTHMa BHwe Ha jyry. C npyre crpaee, u11je HH HHa'le
pe11a1< cnyqaj 11a ce HCKH 06J.1qajH H3eone y jenttoj ucro;
o6nacru y pa3HC J{atte. ilpHMepa PaJlH HaBO,l:IHM Hamer
nona3mma llJIH nonomajHHKa, KOjH y HCI<HM KpajeettMa
une Ha npa3HHK ce. Hrlharnja (20. JleueM6pa no crapoM) a
y npyrnMa Ha npett natt EomHha (25. 11eL1eM6pa) . TaI<o
Hero, Herne ce Maf'/ttjc1<0 Tepalbe 3MHja o6ae.n.a Ha M na-
n ett1.1e (9. MapTa), eer.a.e ua EnaroecCTH (25. MapTa) Heq1e
Ha jepeMHjeeruitt (l . Maj a) . CTpeMa TOMe, pa3JIHKe Oil HeKO-
JlllKO ilatta UJIII ce,t1,MI11{3. y epeMetty o6ae.n.alba norpe6a
repMaea, llJTH KaKO ce eeh. rJ{e 30BY TC JIYTKC, HeMajy y
CTBapH HHKaJ<ae 3Ha<iaj.
na HH TO mtje HHWTa 11eo6H'IHO .a.a ce nyn<a y nojenM-
HHM KpajeBHMa HJIH o6naCTl!Ma, OJlHOCHO KO,!l, pa3HHX Ha-
pona, 30ee pa3HHM HMCHHMa. TaKO Hnp. Ha EanI<aHy
HMaMO eeoMa pacnpocrpalbCH 06H'laj H3BOl}e!ba pHTYaJI-
llHX noeopKll non MaCKaMa, KOje, HaKO y OCHOBH llCTe,
uoce p!l3JIH<ittTa HMetta: 1<onenapI1, 6a6apH, 1,1aManapH, oa-
ne, By<1apI1, <1apojI1ue, llTJl. l1na1<, nOTpe6uo je o6jacHHTll
noje.wrna ttMeHa, 3a 11ac cy y oeaj Max Oil 3Ha1.1aja nsa
HMeHa: fepMatt-UepMaH H JapHJIO.
l1Me fepMatt-UepMaH orpaHH'ICHO je Ha Eyrapc1<y H Ha
HCTO<rny Cp6Hjy, re je O<iHrJTen110 na j e OHO TY 110CTaJIO H
eepoeaTHO noTHC11yno tteI<o npyro, crapHje HMe. J1a1<0
CMa1'pa na 611 caM o611<1aj KOJl PyMytta H 6yrapa Morao rui
6yne ttacnel)e on Tpa<1aua, npo$. Apuaynoe ttnaI< ua.na3H
na caMo HMe repMaH HHje y BC3H ca 1'pa<!Kl!M JTH<!HHM
HMeHOM repMaH HHTH ca HMCHOM crap<rrpa'II<Or rpana
r&pµ6w:ca ( caJia UepMa11 1<on ,UynHu1.1e), Hero na je no-
====== 126======
CTaJIO no npa3HllKY y KOj H cc llPWH (ce. r epMaH, 12.
Maja), Kao WTO ce 1ma"le 4eCTO .llew aoa .1]3 ce ttapoJtHH
o611•1aj11 30BY no roJIHilllhCM .no6y 11 na11y Kana ce epwe,
11np. npa3HllK K onell,a no rp'IK<>-PllMCKuM K ane11,n:a.'l!a:
nowro jc o6w-1aj 33 1mwy ¢1111<c11pa11 11aj•1ew ke 33. MCCCL!
Maj II 33 npa3HIU< CB. fepMa11 a, Jlo6\IO je lberQBO HMC . JJ
Croja11 Kocroe je 6110 MHWJbeH>a 11a ce 33 caJ].a 11e MOH<e
TBP.UHTH HHTll ,1]3 je HMC o6wrnja J'epMaHa CTapOTpatJaH-
Cl<O 1mT11 na je caM o6wiaj OCTaTaK Oil. 1<a1rnor Tpa<1a11c1<or
uepoea11,a; nana3H ,11a o6ttt1aj y o6mtKy y J<a1<eoM je ca.na
pacnpocrpau,e11 KO.ll Eyrapa noJ1a:m H3 PycHje npe1<0 Py-
Mymtje. ltonywn .'olorytmocr 11a jc ua npexpmuha11c1<11
o611\laj n pe11cro m11e xp11wka11c1<or ceeua ce . rep.'l'latta,
amt Jl3 Hit 33 TO HCMa HllK3KBllX LtOK933. u l1Ma H .El.P}'K•rn-
j11x no 1<rwaja o6jaw 1t>e1t.a. Ta1<0, E. Uluceajc CMa-rpa na
je ce. r ep,,1a11 nocrao ceernTI:Jb epc,'l\eua no TO.'lle wro je
11apoJJ,11a eTHMonornja JJ,osena y ee3y Jberoeo HMC ca pel{H
•rpoM t, •rpMCTll t . 2• Ilocrojn j om j c.nna MOrytrnocr, n
Ta ~I H cc 1.{111111 11ajscposaTHttja. Jl yTHa 0.11. :'JC,'l\n.e je npe.11.-
cra1.1JbaJla HCHora ll llOCllJla lhCl'OBO llMC. Taj HCKO je 3JIO
61thc OJJ. HOr npeTtt onacuocr. T o je MO>KJta H3H3B nenptt-
jaTCJb llJIH crpa.rtaJJHllH HOjll 1111j e HOp.\\aJJJIO norpe6eH TC
MY Tpe63 11py>1rnTtt T!IHaB norpe6 II CMllpttTll ra HJlll ra
c11M6oJ1Hl{KH y6HTtt ll caxpaHHTll. T3KBO JJHL\C HJIH 611ke
!IC MOpa ceyrne JJ,a HOCH HCTO llMC. M opa cc y:reTH y o63Hp
ita 611 y o6H'l3j y r epMaHa KO,!l Cp6a H 6yrapa Morna ,na
6yne ycn0Me11a 11a e113a11THjc1<or reuepana fepMatta 113 VI
BCKa, CllllOBUa uapa j ycr11m1j a11a. fe11epan r epMaH je
BO,!IHO ycnemne 6op6e nponrn Cnoec11a, 1<oj 11 cy y VI
ee1<y 11po.nHpa.r111 113 6an1<a11c1<0 nonyocrpeo, " caMo H>C-
roeo ttMC je 6Hno crpaw110 3a Cnoee11e. YMpo je Hanpa-
c110 y Cap.nmrn, ,na11awlh0j Co<frnj 11, 550. ro.n., noUJTO je
eeh caMO ca3Halbe ;:i:a ce 011 TY 11ana3tt o;:i:ap3Tttno Cnoee11e
o;:i: 11aMcpaea11or noxoJJ,a 11a Conyu, na cy ce 01<pe11yn11 11a
:: ~. ~=:~'::1~l~~...,,..._· c:.c+iio 19~.S..- 587.
,.,..'~ii.~ll,;"}~riudn Volbpubensund\'olbb.-chsd<r~
======121======
.UanMaitHjy. 25 4HH>CHllUC ma jc r epMaH 6tto Ta.HBO crpa-
WltllO 3a Cnoee11e, II J't3. CC f cpMaHOM 30BY o611l{aj 11 JlyYHa
1<oja ce c11M6on1tl{Hll caxpau.yje 6aw 11a ouoj TCp11rop11j11
r,ne je reHepan f epMa11 BOD.HO paTHe onepauuje 11 6aw y
o6naCTH Kojoj je 61tJ10 rcorpacl>cHo cpc,nttlllTC Cap,n111<a,
r,!le je OH yMpo - CBC cy TO cym1we jaKH pa3JI03ll, KOj tt
roeope y npunor npeTnocraeKe ,na cy o6ttl{aj fepMa11 11
JlyYKa r epMaH y BC311 C ttMCllOM Bll3aHTiljCKOr BOj CHOBO~C
repMaHa II ;:ta j c lbCroeo !IMC 3aMCHltllO HCKO crap11 je !IMC
3a nyrKy, a TO CTapujc HMC 3a Jl}'TKY H, MO)l(JJ.3 3a .na11 llJlli
npa.3HttH, Morno je 6ttTli caMo Jap1t110, J<ojc ce 04yeano
KOJJ. Cnoeena na neeoj crpaun l(yuaea, J<OjH micy HMaJJH
TaKO Henocpc.n11or ;:i:o,nupa ca eojc1<oeol)oM r epMa110M.
Ilocne np11Malba xp11whattCTBa, naHo ce TO cee Morno
BC33nl 33 npll3HllK ca. r epMaHa, l<OjH npeo6HTH0 Httje
HMaO Httl{Cra JajCJlHl!l{KOr c rnMe. lla cy Ha JlfTKY 3311CTa
Y TOKY epcMe11a l<aJJCMJbCHa liMCHa Koja c lbOM npeo6HTHO
HttCy HMana HliKaKBe BC3C, naj6oJbH je ,!10Kll3 TO WTO ce y
M0J1.itae1-1 Ta Jl}'TKa 30BC ll Tpajau. 26 PHMCHll ttap Tpajau,
Kao H rtap .U1101<J1CL\Hjan, ylllao je tt y cpnc1<y 11apo,a.11y
MHTOnortt jy. Y cnyt.1ajy DcpMan-f epM311 3fl3l{aj110 je tt
TO IllTO ce JbYJlH ue o6pakajy repMaHy CaMO y BpcMe OHO
npa3HHKa ce. repMana nero n Ha 6anlhtt ,na11, KaJla ce
liHa'le epwe pa3HC pa,nlbe H3 KYJIT3 MPTBHX. TaKO nnp.,
CCM y OKOJlHllll nttpon, o611t.1aj jc y BeJJHKOj IlnaHH
(nOMOpaBCKH Cpe3, BCJlllHO no,'l'!OpaBJbC) , KO)], JlOCCJbCHll-
Ka 113 li.ycreHJ].H.Jla y .6yrapc1<oj, ;:ta ua Ea.n.ibe Bet.le H3HOC:C
Ha Kykuii npar Tpnc3y Ii no311eajy ua BC4epy DepMatta, 17
a TO H3HOll.ICH>C BC'lepc 1mje HHillTa .np yro 11ero .naka
MP'fBHMa. 21 DepMaH, .na1U1e, O'lttr JJeJlHo 1111je xp11wha11c111t
CBCTaQ (Hapo.rum repMall II HCMa aTpH6YT JCBCTli f ) nero
npeJlaK liJIH JIH'IKOCT 113 L\3pcraa MpTBllX Koj y Tpe6a
YMHJIOCTllBHTll.
: g::~~!._~i~l~.Cplloi, J. II°"" Cl..l 19<1l, 140, 1'7
l9';: fi,aEp/l<.....-od.: E - - rpal)o o W y - -. CE3, LX I V. &corp..,
1." B. 'bj_,.h: CrJAMle IQ pemo.. jc ~ ~ CF.3, XXXI , 6-iiu 192,.
6
=====:;;; 12s=====:;;;
VI
D.01< ce y PyMy1mj1t, 6 yrapc1<oj H 11cro4uoj Cp6HjH
ottysao o6w.iaj ca ceojo." npeo6HTUOM caJI.PH<HHOM a npo-
MCHHBlllH MO)f(,Qa caMO HMe - y 6yrapc1<0j je o6uttaj y
uarnOM HW4C33BaH>y _n KOJl Cp6a y EaHaTy 0<1yea.no cc
HMC amt 6e3 ca.apH<HHC. n o1<a3ao caM eeh Ka1<0 je AOlllno
AO Tora .ua cc Morna H3ry6irm canp»<mrn: cuai+ma a1<uuja
ItP KBCll ll X It APlf<3BllltX BJl3CTtt H BCJI HK C APYlllTBCHC ll
npHBpeJJ.Hc npOMCHe. Muoro je TOMC .a,onp1tttena 11 yp6a-
HH33J.Utia cena y BojsOAHHH H 00,llH331be )t(l{BOTHOr CTaH -
.uap.Qa, fCJICJl qera cy Han ylllTCH H MHOrH CTap H o6H'lajH H
ecpoealb3., arm He CBH. 3aTHM, ttXHll4KO ycaspwaea-
K>C 3CMJbOP3JlH>e ocno6oA11JJ.O jc TY epcry pa,!la MHOrHX
MllCTil'IHHX npeJ].craea H Mal)HjCKHX P3Jllba. Ocrao je
jow jCJ].3 H CIJICMC HQT KapaKTCp 11CTll'1311 33 KOMTLl'ICKC
JapiUlo-fepMatt, a nj je .aa H KOJJ. Cp6a y 6aHaTy npa-
3HHK J ap HJI O na,Qa y HCTO i:i:o6a ro,llltH C Ka.113 ll y HCT04HOj
Cp6u jH H 6yrapc1<oj: npa311oeao ce 25. Maja no CTapoM
(6ap TaKo je 6!mo y 3araj11u1-1). 3a.!l.p>Hauo je, MCl)ymM,
crapo I-IMC, llCTO KaKBO ce 0,!1,p>Haea y llCKllM ,!l,CJIOBHMa
Pyc11je. &a11aTCKO Jap11no, .11a11ac no311aro jow caMo no
llMCUy, tt Jrn C.118 ,lta 110Ka3yje ttnaK llCl<Y 6.nH>HY ee3y ca
pyCKllM JapttJIOM 11ero ca 6yrapc:!<llM II llCTO'IHOCp6HjaH·
Cl<HM r epManoM. Kao wro caM pa1111je no,\\e11yo, nocrattal<
CCJia 3araj 11uc H lberoBe UPl<BC je y TCCHOj BC311 ca teno.'•I
M ccttkeM, a Mattacrnp M ec11k cnae11 H nalh.1ta11. 311a<iaj110
je .118 ce y 3arajttl.lll 1111!<y6al.lllia 6onecmma y UP!<Bn
o6aeJha, CCM y eehe UPl<BCllC npa31111l<C, jow yO'IH 11B8lb·
,1ta11a 11 C8Jt8.WlbC 38.BCTttHe 3ea11e j apttno, a H ealb.ua.H 11
j apuno 33rajut.1!<0 cy y.1:1aJbe1111 epeMe11c!< tt Mel)y co6oM
MCCCU ,Qaua.
Be:Ja 113Mel)y no.1:1yHaecl<1tX Cnoee11a 11 Pyca .QaBHO je
npe!<llll)"ra, a 11a HCl<ll Il03HH)H ymuaj H3 Pyctt je He MO>HC
cc, y OBOM nor ne.11y, Hit MHCJillTll : 113 liaHaTa je 6HJI0
11cen.aealb8 Cp6a y Pyc11jy, a.rm 11e 11 ceo6a 113 npaee
Pyc11je y 6a11aT. CToWTO cc pycKO j ap11no jaen.a Y n11Tepa·
"Cr. JI. Kocro.:-.pu,119.
=====:;;;; 129=====:;;;
Typli TCK y XVII eeKy, YTBPl)uealbC 'IHIM:HHUC .118 cc 11 y
liaHary 3Hano 3a Jap11no roeoptt y np11nor .ua jc HMC
JapHJio 11 KOJ.1 Pyca creapHO MHOro CTapujc.
H 3.'del)y cpncKora crauoeKHWTBa y &au3T)' " 011ora 113
.1:1cc11oj crpa1111 lly11ae3 Kao 11 cyce;:umx liyrap3 HM3 11
.1:1pyrHX BCOMa K'apaKTCpHCTH'IHHX llO.llY.ll3palb3.. H Ma, Ha·
HMc, HO.!l. cn11x lbHX o6u•1aja u eepoealb8 1<a1<e11x jow 1tMa
11 KO.It PyMym1, an11 11x 11eMa I<O.ll Cp6a J.13.rbC Ha 33nan on
Mopaee. Ta1<ea cy 11np. eepoeaH>a o ce. T onopy !<ao
uohHoM KOlbaHHl<Y II 0 ronopoBCKHM KOlbHMa, KOja, !<ao
lllTO CaM 11311eo ua npyroM Mccry, eepoeamo eone nope·
KJIO jow O.ll crap11x Tpa<ia11a. 30 3amM, nKae jc o611<1aj
.!l.P)'>KH'laJJO HJlll KYM8'1albe, KOr HMa TaKOl)c CllMO y &ana·
Ty, HCTO'IHOj Cp611j 11 H 6 yrapc1<oj, na o611qaj H3JJllB8lb3.
eo.1:1e 38 MPTBC. H eKana je, O'lltrJieJlHO, y ry rpyny o611qaja
cnanano, II no CaJlp>HHllit, II 6aHaTCKO--CpnCKO jap11J10.
Cntt'lllHX o611qaja Ii Mal)1tjCKHX paJ:t:iba 38 KliWY llMa Ii
npyr.1:1e no Eepon11 H H3ean !be, antt o6H<1aj 1<a!<o cc epw11
y Pycuju, PyMy1mjH, 6yrapcKoj 11 HCTO'lttoj Cp6Hj11 npen·
craen,a nojaey KOja· je BC38Ha C8MO 38 TY TCp1tTOp1tjy 11,
npeMa TOMe, KOja je y 11ajTCllllbOj BC3H ca CTHll'IKOM
npoll1Jlowky CTaHOBHlillJTBa TC ttpHTOp11je, KOj e je HMaJIO
HC'ler 38)C.IUIH'IKOr, lllTO je uall1JIO H3pa3a II no Jl.Qnac cc
O.ztp>t<aJJO y TOM o6H'lajy. •
n ocne oeora, MO>He cc nocraeH"rn 'IHTIIB 11113 .llaJbHx
npetnocraeKH. IloMeuyk y CaMo rnae11e. H a11Me, <i11H.C1111·
ua Jla jc KOMnneKc j apHJ10-C1<anojaH-repMa11, 1ta!<o
Jianac eeh ecoMa nopeMeheH u pa.3611je11 epeMc11c1<11, npo--
cropHo 11 canp)f(aj110, 6110 Kapatrrep11cr11qa11 38 o.11pel)c11y
npocrpauy o6nacr Koja o6yxeara .ua11awlby TepHTOp11jy
6a11ara, ttcrot.111c Cp611je, 6yrapc1<e, PyMy1111je 11 jy>t<He
Pyc11je, !<ao 11 'l1t1M:HHL1e .11a ce PaJU! o eeoMa crapHM
o6H'laj 11Ma, ynykyj y Ha TO .11a je HCKa,lta Ha LICJIOM OOMCHY·
TOM TepHTOpHjy >t<HBCJIO CTaHOBHHWTBO HCTllX CTllH'IHHX
oco6u11a, .118 je enaJJ.ano CTHH'IKO jeromcreo. lla n 11 ce
PaJU! o Tpat.1a111-1Ma H lbllXOBitM cyce,tr.HMa 11 cponHHLIHMa
'°0...UM-j<: M .... C.¢>.......-llll: Tpo---Jo6oi ... j1llUM~­
.....,paonoo:k-- .. poAO. HOii• Cu 19SO.
====== 1io ======
.Uat1aHW1a, KOjH cy nocny>1rn:m1 Kao eTHH4KH cyncrpaT
aapoJJ.HMa 1<0jH cy ce .uoumije o6pa30BaJIH Ha roj TepHTO-
pttjH, nm1 ce pa,D.H o He<1eMy llITO je fomo ceojcraeHo
npBo6HTHHM CnoeeHHMa Ha roj TepHTOpl!jH, TO je Jt3,JbH ll
ttaj3Ha•iajHnjn npo6neM. CMaTpa,'t .a.a ce Ha OCHOBH oeor
ieJJ.HOr npHMepa He CMejy jow ll3BOJ1HTH T3HO .QaJleKOce-
J.KHH 331<.JhY'ILlll KOjH ce O,ll,JIOCe Ha OHTalha eTHOJlOrnje
CJIOBeHCIUIX Hapo11.a. Ilo-rpe6HO je Hali.H H m1we T8KBHX
Kapa1<TepHCTH'IHllX npuMepa .a.a fot ce MOrJJO OJU'OBOPHTll
Ha TllHO Kpyntta m!Talba. Yeepett caM .Qa he HX 6un1.
4HfbeHHUa na je y BaHaTy oqyeaao crapHje HMe, oao
HMe 1<0je ce MO)f(e CM31"p8TH na je H:} ,ll,o6a CJlOBCHCHC
:iaje.iunnte, a .a.a je KOil. .Qpyrnx Cp6a " Eyrapa ro
saMClbeHO Tyl)HM, Kao H KOi:{ PyMytta, ynyhyje Ha npeTno-
CTaBHY ,Ila ce y eTHH4KOj npOllillOCTH II y eTHH4.KOj crpyH-
TYPH 6attaTCHHX Cp6a Mopa pa'lyHaT11 y eehoj MepH c
OHHM CnoaeHHMa H Cp6HM3 KOjH yonuJTe HHCY npena3H-
JIH Ha 6a.rmaH H .ua cy OHH TY y EaHaTy OCTaBHJIH Tpara He
CaMO y ronoHOM3CTHl{ll Hero H y /f(HBOM roeopy H Hapo.u-
HOj KYJTTYPH. YTepl)HBalhe .upyrnx TaKBHX eneMeHaTa tcao
I11T0 je Japm10, 0Moryh1the HaM 11a yno3HaMo 6on.e 11
6.nHJ.KH eTHH'IKH KapaKTep npeo611rnttx JymHHX Cnoeeaa
y TI011yH3BJby.
Cl1AJhl1BAlhE MPTBHX KO.U
JY)KHHX CJIOBEHA
YBO.D:
11Me He }'3HMajylill y o63Hp cnaJbttBaH:.e MpTBHX H J.KHBHX
KaKBOr je fomo y HeHOpMa..rtHHM BpeMeHHMa, y epeMeHHMa
no11HBJba..rtHX crpacnt, Kao anp. y epeMe .upyror ceeTCKOr
paTa, KOl1 6a..n.KaHCKHX CnoeeHa 611no je rora 11a cy HeKH
noKOjHHQH CrH1JbHB3HH no CHJIH Hapol1HHX o6H4aja H ee-
poeaH>a. noral)a..n.O CC TO '13K H y XX BeKy, a CBe BHWe
YKOJIHKO ce HJ.te yHaT'par y .rtaJby npownocr. Celt 6a..n.Katt-
CKH CnoeeHH npHnaita..n.11 cy JtOHe.rtae11a, a orpoM11a aek.11-
• tta npHna.rta H ;.taHac xpHwhaHCTBY H HCJiaMy, penHrHjaMa
H QPKBaMa Koje nponHcyjy .rta ce lhllXOBH YMPJIH eepHHl{H
caxpalhyjy y 3CMJby. XpHwhanCKe upKee ycKpahyjy no-
rpe611e QPKBeHC Il04aCTH xpHwhaHHHY 'IHje jc TCJIO cna-
JbeHO no lberOBOj >KeJbH. Ila HilaK, l{pKBa je, 6ap y HC-
KOM BpeMCHy, HC caMO ronepHca..n.a CflaJbHBaH:.e, 11ero cna-
JbHBaJbe rena MPTBHX H J.KHBHX BpWHJia Kao K33~y mm
jepCTI:IQHMa.
CnaJbttBalbe MpTBHX KOl1 6a..n.KaHCKHX CnoeeHa 6m10 je
4CWhe H pacnpocrpalbeHHje Hero lllTO ce TO o6H'IHO MH-
CJIH. BpweHO je Ha Pa3He Ha'IHHe H npHMClhHB3HO y BHWC
cnytiajesa. Otto ce BPWH OA .rtaBHHHa, H, Kao WTO hy y
.UaJbHM H3JlaralhHMa noKa3llTH, npe11crae.Jba Hacnel)e H3
apeMCHa npe 11ero WTO cy J ymHH Cnoee11H nocrojanH Kao
noce6mi 11apo.rt11. A cnaJbHBalbe KO.LI 6anKaHCKHX Cnoeeua
11nje HHKa.ll,a 6tto jemnm Ha'IHH CKJiaH>aH>a ncweea yMp-
nHx, Hero je OHO CTaJIHO Kp03 BCKOBe H CBy.ll,a nocrojano
nope.u caxpa1b11ea1b3 y 3eMJby. Ynope.itHO nocrojaJbe pa3-
HHX Ha'IHHa nocTy nalba ca n ewem1Ma je eeoMa 3Ha4ajHa
====== 112======
nojaea: pacMaTpaH>a• o roMe MO)t(,!l,a ke 11.onpHHent "
6o.n.eM pa3yMeeae.y TC nojaee KOA HCKaJJ.a1UlbKX Hapo11a,
Kojy apxeonornja jow H11jc ycnena ,11a o6jacHH Ha H34HH
KOiH 6H fo10 onurrenpHMJbeH.
Apxeonornja u eTHonornja y crsapH cy nee HayKe o
jC.D.HOM llCTOM npe;:tMeTy: 0 1<ynTyp1-1, 0 H3J>O!l.HOM >KHBO'fy.
Pa3Jlmca je caMO y TOMC WTO ce apxeonornja 6aeu npoytta-
ealbeM ue1<a11awlh11x KyJITypa H 33 ceoja npoytrneatt.a
Tpa>t<H rpal'.ly y npeoM pe.uy HCKOU3D31bCM M3TCpHjaJIHHX
ocrarnKa KynType, a emonornja cc 6aeH npe ceera )f(HBHM
ttapowiMa 11 rpatjy upne nornaeHTO H3 ttenocpe;:umr npo-
MaTJ)aH>a H3po,!Utor >KHBQTa HJlH Kyntype. Oryna MHOro-
crpyKa noMoh 1<ojy je)lHa npyroj Mory Jl& npy>He Te
" pa3ue ee3C 1<ojc cy narnne oco611ror tt3pa33 y naJ1eoer-
H011ornju tt y UpoTC38tbY apxeonornje H Ha npoyqaealbC
pa1mjltX nepHOIJ,3 y pa3BlfTJ<Y )fOIBHX ttapona (Hnp. CJIO-
BCHCK8 apxeonornja, cpeJJ,lboeeKOetta apxeonornja). Yue-
KHM 3CM.lb3.Ma Be3e illlH capaJJ.lba CTHMOrHje H apxCOJIOrH·
je cy tteo6H'IHO jaKe. Ha >KarrOCT, KOJ], uac y JyrOCJiaBHjH
capaJJ.H>a H3Meljy enmnorn je H apxeo110n1je seoMa je cna-
6o pa3s11jetta <1aK HOH.Ile rne ce OHa 11aMeh.e caMa no ce611,
1<aO tmp. y My3CjHMa y l<OjHMa cy 3llCTynn.e11e o6e Te
crpy1<e. Mttora cy npo6neM11, na1<, KOjH cc MOry pemaea-
TH caMO y capa.rtH>H TitX uay 'IHHX J],HCUHllJ1HH3, 1<ao Hnp.
npo6neMll CTHOrcHC3C nojeJ],HHllX ttapoJ],a HJIH nopetuIO
nojCJ],lUtHX KYJJTYPHHX CJICMeHaTa H KOMllJlCKca KOJ], ca-
):l3WlbHX Hapona, a 3H3'1CH.C H <PYHKUHjC p33HHX KYJJTYP-
HliX CJICMCH8Ta H l<OMWleKca KOJ], HCrnawlhHX ttapoJ],a.
Ta1<aa jenatt npo6neM npeJJ.craen.a " o611<1aj cnaJbHBaK:.a
MpTBaua: o u.eroeoj crapHHH J],aje nOJJ.aTKC apxeonornja,
aJIH he CTHOJIOraja nOMOhH apxeoJiorHjH J],8 o6jaCHH HCTO-
apeMCllH o6tt<1aj cnaJbuBalba nopeJJ. caxpalb ttBalba MPTBa-
ua. To he 6ttTH H rnaetttt 3llJJ.aTa1< Mojttx pacMaTpalha, 1<oja
he, nopeJJ. rora, noKa3llTH K81<0 HeKH o611<1aj11 H Il j)CJ],CTaBe
Mory y noptto .ll3 cc onpmasajy.
c THM y BC3H je H nHTalbC J],a Jiff ce Ha OCHOBH .nattaw-
lbCr CTalba Mory ff y KOjoj MCpH H3BOJ],HTH 3llKJb}"llUI ca
• Y~CTYJU1i . . . •JT<1Pie.-.-.:UOO,_,...-,......,....._;;,.,;;;,.,
• - .,......,_-,.,_. Y;.....o ...... c.o,,,_.,,;;;,,,_.,....._.,....,.
======;;;; 111======;;
eamttowhy 3ll crap11tty, a oco6mo o Bepct<HM npeJJ.CTaBa-
Ma H J],pyurrBCHOM ypeljelby HW\IC3JIHX CTllH\ll<HX 33jcJ],lm-
ua, 0 <!CMY ca<1 yea1m apTC$aKTH HC Mory WITH J],OB01bll0
o6jawa.elba. PaCM8Tp31ba o6H<1aja H Ilj)CJ],CTaB8 y BC311 ca
CilaJbHB31bCM MPTB8U8 npymajy jcnatt ttecyMlbll B npHMCp
rJJ.e cy Ta1<ea 3llKJbY<IHB31ba He caMO MOryliua HCI'O H
onpaeJJ.atta, arm HH Taj npttMep, Kao H Mttorn JJ.pyra, jow
He 3HallH na ce TaKO yBCI< MO>J<e H CMC nocry naTH. H KaJ],
cc l<OHCTaTyjy HCTOBCTHOCTH H CJlH\IHOCTH H na HCTOM
TCpeHy H3Meljy HCI<3}1.8WlbHX H J],aHaWlbHX CTaHOBllHKa, TO
KC MOpa jow na 311al.IH KOHTHHYHTCT, jep jc CJlHllHOCT
MOryha H ycne.11. .QOUHHj HX KYIITYPHHX yTHuaja. (Hnp.
uay1<e CJiyqaj ca 3rp8J],OM TpotbeM y o6naCTH HCH3}1.allllb11X coje-
HHua, 1<oja jc H8CT8Jl8 Tel< y HOBHje epeMe H 6c3 HH8KBC
BC3C ca HCK8J].8WlbHM coje1111uaMa.)
n otpe6HO je jow HCWTO HaUOMCllyrtt. H efty yna3HTH Y
~::a~a~n:~ ~Hpa;j:: ; ::Ka:o~e~;en~HK~:~~~;"~
jenuo II J.tPYro 1mje KO.Q 6aJ11<aHCHHX Cnoeeua YBC.IJ.CllO
nocne lbllXOBOr CTIHl\IHOr ocaMOCTaJbClba, 11ero IlOTll\IC H3
.nan.e n pownOCTH, Ka,Qa je ynope.no 6HJIO npHMClbHBaHO.
noWTo, ecpoeaT110, cna1b11ealba MpTeaua y 11awcM 11a-
pony CTBap110 BHIUe H llCMa, a IlOUITO jc OHO H y ttawoj
HOBHjoj npoWJIOCTH 6HJIO cpa3MepHO peTKO, jcp cc npH-
MelbHBaJlO y 113Y3CTHHM npHJ1111<aMa, npo<t>. T1tXOMHp P.
'Bopljesuk 0 TOMC yonwTC II ue roeoptt y CBOM o6HMHOM
pa.ny t H e1<o.n111<H caMpYHH H norpe6HH o6tt<1 aj11 y Jymu11x
Cnoeetta • (rH\.I, XLV l -XLIX, Eeorpa.n 1937- 1940);
OH roeopH 0 CilaJbHBalby MpYeaua caMO 1<80 0 MCpH 33
on6paHy on eaMm1pa HJIH ey1<0.Q.11aKa y pacnpastt 18aM·
nHp H JJ.pyra 6ttka y naweM HaponttOM eeponalhy H npe.ua-
11,yi (CE3, LXVI , Eeorpa.u 1953, 205 11 .u.). Jlpym Haw
n11caQ, C HMa Tpoja1101mk noceCTHO je 11ewTO BHWC nam-
lbC CilaJbHBaH>y MPTB3Qa, a;m ce 33.QOBOJbHO KOllCT8T!IQlt·
joM na cnaJbHB3tbC MpYBaQa, 0 KOMC je HHallC BCOMa
HCilOTilYHO 6tto o6aeewreu, 80.llH nopeKJJO H3 llllJ].OCBpon-
CKC CTaPHHC (1Cnp11 cnOBCHCKH norpe6. 6corp8Jl 1901 , 5
11 n.; 18aTpa y o611<1aj11Ma H $ HBOTY cpncKor ttapo.na •.
(Han. JP.) CE3, XLV, lieorpa.n 1930, 51-52).
====== ll•======
M1moje BacHk., y coojoj onwttpHoj KPHTIUUt cryAttie
c. TpojaHOBHk.a, HHje npHXB3THO lbCl'OBe pc3y11nre H
CMaTpao j e HllY30PHllM lbel'OB IlOKywaj ):ta npHKYilH uoee
IlOAaTl<C 0 CilllJbll881b)' MpTeaua KOJJ. Cp6a (ceM OHHX KOje
je 113HCO r.
Kpet<). 1 BaCHk HHje JJ.Onp1m eo o6jarnlbClb)'
IlHT31ba CilllJbHB81b8 MP'fBaua KO!l Hae. Bee. 4ajt<aHOBHh
je, noeollOM je.imor cny'laja cnan,11eaH>a newa eaM.nupa
1923, nHcaO onumpmtje 0 c n aJLHBSff>)' BaMilHpa; CMSTPSO
je J:l3. ce mrralbC 0 TOMC .na m t je CilaJbtlB3 1b3. MpTBHX 61UIO
KOA Cp6a, 111opa no,!1,eprHyr11 pesn311j11. 3a lbCra je, irna-
'le, CilaJb llBSlbe 88-'lnHpa j Cllllll O curyp110 CilaJbHBSlbe 3a
1<oje 3118 cp ncMa pe.mirttja. Hcr11<ie rot npernocrae1<y o
TOMC .o.a je 6ttno Cil8IbHB81ba Ko.ix Cp6a cna6e JJ.BC 'IHlbCHil-
ue: I) JJ.a m1je 6KJ10 notpe6e 33 THM, jep cy tt111aiu1 rnoroe
KOJl8Lt, M8CXllJUl38M H 1181<113.nHH norpe6, Ii 2) HCM8 HHK8-
KB8 Tpara CilaJbHB&tby, llH y Tpa,1:1Hl.{lljH HH y o6H<JajHMa.
HnaJ<, ,IJ.onyrnra MOryll.uOCT JJ.a je cnaJb~JBalbe nocrojano,
anH JJ.a m1Ta1t.e 1111je pcwe110. 1
n1ua1bcM cnaJb nBaJba MpTe11x J<o,a; J y>K11Hx Cnose11a
003a6aBJIO ce M npo<P. E. raCnapmm. He 003Hajytm .a;o-
BOJbHO apxeOJIOW}(C M 11cro pujCl(C <IHlbelUllle, na HH CTHO-
nourn:c, facnap1t1111 TBPAH .na je J<OA J y>KHHX Cnosc11a H y
crapmm 61rno y o61t<1ajy CaMO caxpaH>Hsafbe; cnaJbHBaH>e
jc 6110 paumpcu o6n<ia j caMo J<OJJ. 11T04HHX Cnose11a, a ,!J.a
je KOA 3ana.rtHHX 6HJIO BHWC y o61!'·1ajy caxpaH>HBBlbe
Hero cnaJb1rnalbC. J PacJ<onaaa1bC 11 cnan.11salbC saMnttpa y
Cp6ttjH 011. BpeMCHa 1..1apa ltymana CMaTpa TltnH<IHllM ce-
l<YllJtaPHllM CflaJbllBa!bCM.•
M11oru no.na1..111 113 uawer 11apo.n11or >KHBOTil J<OjH cy
OCT3.JIH 11Cll03HBTll llOMCll}'TIIM llllCl.lllMB, IUlll llX OllH Hiiey
11c1<op11crnntt, 3acny>t<yjy .na 6y.ny npeLtMeT noce611or pa-
CMaTpa!ba: HaKO j e CflaJbliBaJbC MPTBHX spweno }(OJ.I. 11ac
cpa3.' ltepuo peTKO y nopel)e1by ca caxpaH>HBalbC,tt, OHO nHje
6 nno 11111<aKBa Cr30TH<111a mm 113Y3CTHa nojasa, jep ce
' Mlllll>jo M. llaaoll: CT.PM .,_...,,.,, norpdJ. J>paN..._ ...,....., VII , Cpe>OCK>I
~11<19Cll,IG40-I~ .
• B. 4oj~-wll : Y6'<ialW ......... pa. <;Kr , N. o., IX, 16. i)'KM 1923. 2611-2&4.
'E•tl Guparini, II rito .,..,.ooavodello .....,....xpoltun•. Romo l,55,~.
'"""· -lO
=====;;;; IJs======
38.CHllBaJIO Ha BCOMa YKOpelbCHllM H BCOMB pacnpocrpalbC-
HllM npeACTaBaMa: apweHO je OA Vil JJ.0 xx BCKa II Ha
BCJIHKOM npocrpaHCTBy. Jc;:mocrpaHO nplUla>t<ClbC npo-
6neMy, a Hapo4.IITO cxsaTIUbe AB ce 0 Clla.JbH8aH>y MO>Ke
rosopKTH caMO BKO je OHO 6HJ10 onWTC, 6HJJO je rnaBHa
CMeTH.a JJ,a je npo6neM ocrao TaKO JJ.Yl'O HepewcH. 06HJbe
llOJtaTIIKa noKaaahe AB cy 3a CflaJbHBalbe MpTBHX 3HaJIH HC
ca.'lto Cp6H Hero 11 JJ.Pynt jy;KHH Cnose11H.
CITAJhl1BAlbE Y CTAPI1Hl1
Koll. 6anKancKHX HapoAa 6HJJO je cnaJbttBalba MpTBHX y
crapHUH, 0 4CMY rosope H flHCaHH H3BOPH Ii apxCOJJOW}(li
nOJtal.IH, aJlll 1111 J<OA jeJJ,HOr crapor 6aJTKaHCKOr ttapoJJ,a
cnaJbHBBlbC llHic 6uno jCAHHH HB<IHll YKJIBlhBJba JICWCBa.
Koll, fpKa y npeTXOMCpcJ<O Ao6a 6HJJo je caxpa!bHBllH.a
Ii cnaJbl!Balbll, y XOMepcKO .a:o6a 6Hno je CBMO CflaJbHBaH>e,
a JJ.OLIHHjC je 6HJIO Ii caxpafhHBalba H CllaJbliBBIMI, ll TO y
caMoM rpo6y. 5
KoA crap HX Tpa4aHa MJYfBH cy cnaJbHBanH HJIH nOKO·
naaaHll y 3CMJby. XepOAOT je OCTaBHO J<paTaK OllHC Tpa4-
KllX norpc6uux o6H<1aja: •Borarnum ce JhHXOBH 38.KOna-
sajy osaKO. Tpu Aatta H3Jl0)i{C MPTBaQa H on~a4y ra, a
OUJJ,a 38.l<OJbY KOjeKaKse *PTBe na ce r OCTe. 3BTHM ra
cnanc HJIH HHa4C 33J<Onajy y JeMJby, Te Hacny rpo6 na
:Jano<in y HojcKaKse urpe •.. • 6 XepoJJ,OT, na )f{anOCT, He
Ka>Ke 38.lllTO ce llCKH 6oraTaWll CllaJbyjy a HCKH nOKOllaBa-
jy, J<aO w ro muura ne Kaif<e HI! o TO.'ltc KaKaB je 11a41111
caxpa!btt8a1w KOJJ. OCT8JIHX JJ.pyurrBCHllX penosa crapHx
Tpa4aHa.
H KOJJ. Hn11pa nocrojana cy o6a na411Ha. TaJ<o ae h1111a
roM11n a 11a f nacm1uy, Koje cy H3 xanWTaTCKor Ao6a, ca-
AP>KH CKCJle"re, aJIH HX HMa H ca MpTBa<IKOM n an.ea11110.1t.
11Ma roM11na y KOjHMa ce BllAC o6a HB4HHa caxpa!bHBalba,
a llCKYCTBO je noKa3aJlo JJ.a cy y TOM cny4ajy rpo6mn{e ca
~nd<:r - A. N~hrin1: Roallnikon der indoe<'rmanit<:h<n Alttnumohrlde,
I. W. de Gru~t<T 4t Co. ll<rlin und Lap<i• 1911-1'23, 1(12-103.
' Xrpoac>T, V, l (np<J'"D!><l!I0.:11A. Myc:~lla)
======136======
naJbCBHHOM 6orantjc 11 pe,uoeuo My11IKe, o611<1HO eojHH'I·
KC. 7 To je eeoMa 3Ha4ajtto: am;:y ce, uattMe, cnan.tteanH
CB H n OKOj HHUJ.I, Hero Ca!<\O HC l<H, H TO 6oraT1tjH MyrnKap--
1.IH, o6H<mo eojmn.11-1, Tj. Jm:Qa I<Oja cy cc tt 3.neaja.na 3a
»meOTa ceoj11M nono>HajeM y APYWTBy, 11m1 oua 1<oja cy
nrnyna y 6op611. O•mrne,!Ulo je, .uaKJ1e, na je forno yMpnttx
1<ojc jc noc.ne cMpm: Tpe6ano cnan11T11 6HJ10 WTO ce rnj
H3'111H CM3Tp30 OTMCHHj HM 611110 no,!J,CC!UljllM pa,!l,ll o.u6pa-
llC o.a caMor no1<ojm11<a. •
Cnan.11eaH>e MpTBHX OJXl.!lY>KHJIO jc .na ce epwtt ua
11m1pcHOM 3CMJhHWTY H 33 epe MC pHMCKC ena.uae1rne,
11a1<0 je no1<onaeaH>e 6 M o BttllJC yo611•1a jetto. BeoMa je
3 H3'i.3jHO.11:a cy y pHMCKO .no6a y OKOJllillll ,!J,3 H3llllb<:r
Capajeea (Cryn) MP'f83LUI cmlJbHB3Hll y rpo6y OllHOCHO
ua rpo6y.' HC"rn Ta!<ae tta"IHH c n 3.Jb1ma11.a y .uo6a 1<acttu-
jer p11Mc1<or uapcrea yrepl}ett je 11 y r po611m.t11 11a puM-
c1<or 11o6a y PoraTttQH.' ,Ua cc MO>KJ1a 11e pa.ntt o HaKua.n-
HOM cnan.ttsau.y newesa y rpo6y, nowro cy seh je,1taunyr
6HJIH IlOKOnau11 ua yo6H4ajeH ua4HH, na paCKOnaHH H
cnaJbCHH no.tt cyM1bOM .tta cy BaMnHptt? Kao wTo he ce
BH,1.teTH H3 ,1.ta.JbHX H3Jlara1ba, TilKBOr cnaJbHBatha y r po6y,
a He ua JIOMa4J.t, 6uno je H KOA Cp6a y XIX eeKy, H TO
6aw y 11croj o6nacr11.
Kao lUTO j e 6w10 CilaJbHBatha MPTBHX KOll C'l'apHX 6an-
KaHCKHX 11apona, 611no ra je H KOil crapnx Cnoaeua npe
uero JUTO he Jym1m CnoeeuH nol\H 11 u acen11T11 ce y
n o,ttyuaeJby H Ha 6anKaHCKOM nonyocrpey. Cnan.uealbe
je KOA crapux Cnoec11a 6uno onwTe, 11 JI. Hu,ttepne je
CMaTpao ( 1931 ) Ila j c TO crapttj11 ua<um, a .tta jc noKonaea-
lbe ACcl>HHHTHBHO n p llMM HO TCK no np11Ma!hy xptt w haH-
crea. no HHJtepncy, noKonaealbe ce 1111je no jasru10 onj e-
•fl>l&llllDOllllllepe'OCMM!llllOjy""°(J9.l<...,.._.....t.ui;.: o().ao-llUH(>jt,
;uollM', :Uit--HIClllOjtj<:MCJIC""P"'XllJOl1MPIBUllOjeje..,,.tiall<>c:rm.n1m1
ilol/toWT()ttftj ... ~MK"""'l*'OTM<""j11M6outo-j1tM~~O.l.,._.
.-oiKHl<l" .(Hur.yp:l_
'1\. Tpyxc.ii<1:J<ymyp1tCnpMnH1« 6ocHeKXCPQ<,,,.MHcyA(i6inpenocr<>p11~KO
r3M,XXVl,C.pojceo1914,l01-102
• l.[p r. 4rc-11HMK: ~ ""pKMCNO<' il06i K• Cryrry """'C.pajc..a. r 3M,
XUJ,2,Capojoll0l9J0,220-22L.
'<l>. 4>Ma:1a:P,....,,,,rpoCSoloMC-HM--Ponnl1.1C. r3M,VIJ,Capojceo
1m. 19ll-201
====== rn======
llannyr, Hero nocreneHO, H 3aTO ce ceylla cycpehe 6 ttp11-
Tya1m o apxeonowKo no6a y KOMe cy o6a ua41ma npaKTll-
KOBa11a ncroepeMeuo, ttaKO u c no,ttjemrnKo. O m<0naealbe
ce nojae1mo KOil Cnone11a jow npe ,ttonacKa xpHwhau-
crea, 11 TO - MHCJJH Hnucpne - Hajnpe nail yruuajeM
PHMCKHM H aeapcKHM, a IlOTOM II cl>paHa4J<llM, a 11aje11we
non yntL1ajeM 3a6pana Kapna Bemn<0r, anu no 1<011a4uor
npeoKpeTII y Kop11cr noJ<onaeau.a JlOlllJIO je reJ< ca npttMa-
lbeM xpuwhancrea 11 yr11uajeM xpttwhaucKe jepapxuje. 10
Y31tMajyh11 y o63ttp H HOBHje apxeonowKC pe:iy.rrraTe, M.
rapawamm 11 J. K oea4ee11k HCTll4Y na ce y uajuoe11je
epeMc eek oncryna Oil MHWJbC1ba .rta je cnaJbue a1bC crapu-
je a nm<0naea!he Hoeuju na4HH 11 .rta je nOKonaealbe
ee39uo 38 nporoipalbC xpuwkam:rna. Y IloJbCKOj cy uana-
if<CHH rpo6oeu ca cna.JbuealbCM H3HaJl rpo6oea ca caxpa-
lhHBau.eM, Kao H cynpoTHO, lUTO IlOTBpijyje Ila cy Til llBa
ua•mtta ynopeno np11Me!h11eaua 6ap 3a jellaH nepHOA
epeMeua.''
DanKaHCKH ttn 11 j yif<HH CnoecH11 m1cy n pHMHJIH xp11w-
ha11CTeO OllMax HHTU y6p30 n o .!tOCCJbClhY Ha 6anKallCKO
nOJJyOCTpBO. Mct,iyrHM, Ollll cy ceoje MpYBC II y TO crap11je
epeMC yr n aBHOM noKonaea.nu . 3 Ha ce .rta cy Cnoeeu11
n p 11nHKOM ueycnene oncallC U apurpa.na, 626. r., ceoje
nonmy11e cnanmm . Me~yr11M , y jyamocnoecttCKHM 3CM -
n.aMa peTKO cy HaJJllif<eHH r po6oBH H3 C"rap11 jcr llo6a ca
cnan.uea1t.eM. Y 6yrapcKoj cy y Bp6oeCKOM u 6yKOBHQH
ualjene ueKpono11c ca cna1b11eau.eM; y 6yKOBHLIH cy ua
ucroj HCKponOJm 11af.ieun H r po6oeu ca caxp8ibell HM 11e-
mo,11, anH Tl! r po6oett MOr y ,tta 6yAy Kacuujn o.o: OHHX ca
cnaJb11BalbeM. H a Tny Jyrocnaettje 11al}eH je caMO jenaH
cnoeeHCKli r po6 ca cnan.1malbeM, y CMPllCJbl!Ma KO.It CJ<pa-
roma (.UanMallllja), a Oil rpo6oea ca .UCJJllMll\lllllM cnaJbH-
ea1bC11\ 11aljeu je jellaH Ha Hajeeoj Uttrnamt KOil n au\leea,
38rnM y r opnllH 1<01l K11ttHa " y Bp1L11uy y 4 p110MeJby. 11
H11a'le, 11al}eH11 cy Mnoru rpo6oBH ca 11ewee11Ma cax pa1t.e-
HllM C opyif<jCM.
'" Jl . fht,'1<pnc:C.'K>9CltCNCCT111»'K< . llC>t1MCa.nl954,6l -64,
"M. l'apawaKHK-J. Kop ""•"": rtpec""A""'Pflj&11 ... MYJrTYP<JY*HMl<Cno-
KMO,~l950, l96.
" Hu.-.196-197
=====;;; 13s=====;;;
OcapHyky ce y 11e1<on11HO 11a cnarb11aalbe KO.II Jym1111x
Cnoaeua y crapnje epeMe. r naem1 no.aa1.t1t o ro.\te cy y
eecr11Ma en3a11T11jc1<11x nncatta 113 VII eeHa: HOA Teortopa
C11m<ena, KOjH 1<a;1<e na je np11nm<0M 11eycnene aeapc1<0-
-cnoee11c1<e onca.ne Uap11rpana 626. 11a cea1<0.'1 nonm+:ajy
31ma 6ima rom1Ka ro11111na MPTBaua, a nanllJ1 Ta1<0 nponao
.na sapeaptt 1111cy Mormt 1111 na 1101<yne 1111n1 .ua cnane
norimyne. u T aj nonaTaK npcy3eo jc 11 je,11311 no3tt11j11
BH3alJTHjCKH n11 cau . • •
T eonop C1111Hen roeop11 yonwtt Aa eapsap11 no.a Ua-
pttrpa.c:o.'11 cnan.yjy MpYBC. Ty eojcHy cy cattttlb3ean11
Aeapu 11 Cnoee1111, na «: no,1J,aTa1< o.n11ocu cea1<a1<0 I! Ha
Cnoeeue. Amt, IIOWTO y OTKPllBCHllM aeapcKllM rpo6oe11-
Ma y MaljapcKOi Hll CY 11alje111t Tparo e11 CTI:l.lhli831b3 , y311Ma
cc na cc nollaTa.K KOA Teo.uopa Cm11<cna o.a11oc11 caMo 11a
Cnoee11e." O oA UapHr paAOM ce pa.11:11 o caxpattH Mace
nom11ymtx, 11 o TOMC Tpe6a,BOJl.HTtt pa'lyHa. T y 1mje 6ttno
Htt epeMe11a 1111 np11m11<c )l,a ce MPTBH caxpalbyjy, na cy
MOr n H 6 11T11 c nalbeHu u norim ymi aeapcKH paTHHQtt. Cn o-
eeHHMa, 1<oj11 1111a•1e, y TO epeMe, npuMCJbYJY H noKonaea-
a.e, 6J.mo je naHwe MPTBC cna.rmni, a naKO je Moryh.110 na
je paTmtUUMa, Kao uapo•mToj l<aTeropuj11 no l<OjHttl<a, u
npunanao TaKau 11a<1 1111 caxpa1btteaa.a. M oJ+Cna ce pan~ o
cnan.11eaa.y cror a WTO cy 11or11ny.rm naneHo on CBOJHX
Kyha. •• 3 11a4aj110 je, )l.albe, na jc rpo6oea ca cnan.11ealbCM
HaJl8l+CCHO e11we y 6yrapcKOj Hero y CpfJlllWIUIM H 33.IlaJl-
HHM j)'>KHQCnOBCllCKHM 3CM.lh8M a. Huje n 11 TO MO»<Aa y
BC311 II ca pa3Jll!KaMa y CTHH'IKOM cacraey u oco6u11a-
Ma 11CT0'111or u 33na,!1Hor nena JY>KHHX DioeeHa?
3a cana je, HO.D: oa ttx pacMatpalb3., 11ajaaJ+C11ujc .a.a cy
JY>KHH Cnoeemt , Kan cy JIOIUnH Ha 6anHa11 3Hamt 11
apumn tt cnan.11ealbC Mpnrnx, nope.it noHonasaa.a, a .ll3 cy
II HOA craptt11aua HO)e cy 38TCKJIH 11awn H o6a T8 H8'1HHa,
T8HO .113 jc 6H110 caCB llM npHpoJIHO .na cy OHH npo.it)'>KMH
--;;-;:--6Aptnwo~ • :ip.: 8~• u.opoo • ..,._i1 _ . Jrr--i~, I.
~19U,166-167 .
" H•.lllCJI0,1"72.
:: ~::,~~;. o1 R<ll&ion .,>d Ethkt (Edi!N by J. Hutinp), Vol. IV.
Edinbuqh.U4
====== 139======
.ua npnMea.yjy o6a tta<111na. Jlourno ~ • .1to111111j e, xp1tw-
haucreo Hoje j e 336pa1b1teano cnan.HeaH>C, amt KO.D: Jy-
>KHHX Dioeena 1mje ycne.rio JI8 ra m : m c11e 113 o611'laja, na
je cnalbHBalb3 MpTe 11x 6ttno AO 11aw11x .itaHa. Meljyrtt M,
KO.It H CTO'IHHX CnoeeHa cnaJbllBaJbC je Hlll'IC3JIO roTO BO
6e3 Tpara, 11e OCTaBHBWH HHl<aKee OCTaTKC. 17 H CTHHa,
xp ttwha11creo jc ycneno .o:a ce cnan.HaaH>e KO.It J)'>KHll X
Dioee11a cecJic Ha ue3HaTHy Mepy, urro je ca rncitHWTa
11ayKc o~ MaH.C ~ 311aqaja. HHje mmmo, y oeo11t cnr1ajy,
KOmlHO JC llOHOJ lll!Ka IlOKOnaeaHo a Konm w CDa.JbllBaHO.
Ba>KHO je ita cy o6a Ha'IUHa npttMCH>11ea11a 11 .ua ce cnan.1t-
ea1bC MPTBHX ynop110 OIJ.p}f{aeano. BIDKHO jc jow .aa cc
Clla.JhHBBlbC OAP}f{8BaJJO, Kao WTO fly ,!l,Ol\lmje II )l.CTa..lbllll -
jc noKa38Tll, Hao ua'IHH nOCTynalbB ca ne weeuMa HCKHX
KaTerop u ja n o1<oj mtKB. A OJipl+CaBaH> y TOr Ha'111Ha JIOnp11-
11e1ia ;c, MBKap ll nocpe.u110, H caMa UPKBa. H TO ll.BOiaKO.
npB0 1 ltPHBa jc OJJ.o6paBaJl8 H caMa K8}f{H.a BaJJ a TelUKC
rpeuunrne, oco61lTO BC WTlll\C H jepeTHKC, c naJbttBaJLCM
J.H\\BltX (Ila 11 11a1<11amt0 cnalbUBalbCM MPTBllX). To je 6J.rna
11ajTCl+C8 K93Ha , jcp cy cnaJbHDa!bCM TCJ!a T81<0 Ha>KlbCH8
n ntta ocyl)1ma11a yonwTc Ha 11ajechy 1<a311y, Tj . Ha Ha311Y
UC'IHTC CMPTH IJ.OCilCJ.UIO xpuwha HCKO.\\ Y'IC!bY 0 eac1<pca-
ea1by MJYrB ll X 113 rpo6oaa. A Ta Ha3lla no TOM OCHOBHOM
CMllCJIY - nOTnyHO.'•I ymtW'reJbY 'IOBeKa - HC pa311nKyje
cc 1111.'•laJJO OJI 0 11o r cxe aTalbll 1<oje je UPKBa u a .a:pyroj
crpa1m cp6njana, HBllMC OJI CTia.Jb!IBalbB BaMnHpa, K0.11:
KOrtl ce no napon 110M eepoealby paJIHJJO o nOTn ytt oM
ynnWTClbY TIOHOjHHKa ll cnpeqaeatby 33rpo611or >KHBOTB.
Jlpyru nyr 1<ojtt M je UPl\Ba 1J.Onpn11e.na o.up}f{aeaa.y
Cila.Jhl!Balb8 je IlO,!{p>KaBatbC pa3HllX KaTerop11ja MPTBHX,
WTO je OTICT y nponteype'IHOCTll c Y'ICtbCM 0 jCJ1118KOCTH
CBltX JbYJ.tll. l.(pKea II CaMa He J10IlYlllT8 caxpan y CaMOy6H-
1.ta y ocect>CllOM rpo6Jby, a KOJ1 Hae ItPKBa, H KaTMll'IKa H
npaeoc:naena, roncpuwe p8.3He Ha'IHHC caxpaH>11Balb8 pa:i-
HllX HaTerop11ja HOKOjHl!Ha. ,lla nO.'l\eHCM caMO Jia cc Mana
HCKpUJTe11a JICI.ta He caxpaa.yjy y rpo6Jby, Hero no.a 1<a-
HBO.\\ eohKOM; y KaronH'IKHM lq)aj ee tt.l!a cy ne'ljH rpo6o-
"0.Z.ltftin:R""isdie(o•ulaviodw:)Volbkundt.Berlinulldl.eipi:i11927,l21.
====== 140======
nortt6ao-
Bii H ltll3'1C Ha HCKH H 3 <1HH OJlBOje1rn . Cny<iajHH
UH KOJl Cp6a o611•rno cc caxpat1:>yjy 11a 111ecry nom6uje;
HM8 n oce611 11 x BO,[l,C HHttapc1mx rpo6Jb3, a y HCKHM Kpajc-
BllMa cc noce6110 cax palbyjy U11ram1 (HaKo xpmuk.a1111
U11ram1 y xpmuha11c1111111, TaKO 11 111ycn11111a11c1<11 UHramt y
MYCJillM311CKHM H8CCJhHMa II KpajCB HMa), HCKa,ua cy noce6-
HO caxpa1b11eam1 ry6aeutt, y r p'IKO j Ma1<eJJ,01111j11 caxpa-
lbtteamt cy 6e3 nona H Haea11 rpo6Jba ew1<aptt (r1ecm1Q11
p1tTyanm1x noeopHH) KOjH 113n111y y 111et)yco611oj 6op6H,' 1
HT,!],.
Cec cy TO epno 311alJaj11e 4mt.e1111ue. Ka,u cc 011e HMajy
y BllJIY, 011,!18 H npHMCPH cnalb HBalha MPTBHX H3 no311 11 jux
epeMCHa Mory 11a 6yJJ,y npaewmo OUClbCHH, Tj. He BHWC
K30 KaKBH KYPH0311Te1'11 II a110Man11je 11ero Kao P3JJ.H>3
KOja cc 33CllltBa Ha eeo.'l\a pacn pocrpalbCHHM H3poJlHHM
cxeanUbHMa 0 33rpo6HOM liOIBOTy H Ha crap 1111CKHM n o-
rpe6t1l1M o6 w-1ajnMa no KOjHMa pa3HHM KaTeropMjaMa
>f<HBllX H MP'fBHX npHmui;ajy H Pa3Hll Ha'IHHH caxpaH>HBa-
tb3.. A HM ce HMa jow y BHllY KaKO MM pacn ona>f<eMO ca
MaJJO OOJlaTaKa 0 HapOJlHOM >f<HDOTY H3 pa11Mj er 11o6a Ii }la
je reK y llpyroj n onoBHHH XIX neHa no<1eno npaao 11cn11-
THBa1t.e H3pQllHOr >f<HBOTII, OHJla Ii 336e.JJemeHH KOHHpeT-
HH np11MepH c mln.HaaH>a - Hao 11 eepoaalb3 y ae3H c THMe
- npcllCTBBJbajy y CTBap11 p e T Ke npttMepe 33 11oje MH
3HaMO, a CTBapHO je cnan.HBatbe MPTBHX ( H >f<HBllX) 6H.JIO
II MllOro <1ewhe, H TO cee <1cwhe YKM llKO HlleMO llaJbe
yHaTJ)ar; a YKOJIHKO HJleMO AaJbe YllaTpar, yr<>JIHKO cy II
ycnoeH 33 cnan.11eaH>e 6 ttnu norommj11: 6nno j e M <1ecrux
ennJJ.eMHja Kyre, 6mm j e j a<1e ecpoean,e y eaMnHpc H
BCWTHll e, HTJl..
CITAJhHBA!hE HECTHHAPA
Cena Kocru H 6 poJlHJIOBO y HCTO'IHOj Tpa1mj H, 6.nH3Y
ywhe pe11c BcnHKC y U,puo Mope, nOCTaJta cy <1 y ee1ta no
11rpa1by cnoj11x CTaHOBHHKll y BaTJ>H. Cn1toe1111utt T11x
======1•1 ======
cena 6H.JlH cy fpUH , aJJff cy cc OA APYrHX npffMOpcKffX
fpKa p33JlffKOBanll no j c3ffKy, KOjff jc 6ffO MCWaJJHHa
rp<111or ca 6yrapcKtt M, no m tt aory ff o6ff<1 aj HMa, na u no
HOWfbll: MYllIKaputt cy cc HOCHllH Kao ff OKMHll 6yrapff.
HHcy cc MClllaJHl ca CTaHOBHUUHMa OKM HHX CC.Ila H HffCY
ce )f.(CHllnll HH YllaBanH ca OKOnHHM fpUHMa Ii 6yrapttMa.
0 npa3HHK Y uapa Ko11cra11rntta n uapm.tc Jenc11c, pe!}c 11a
l1JIHHllaH, MHOrH H3 THX cena, pttryanHO npHnpeMJbCllH,
yna3HJIH cy 6oco11oru u 1trpam1 no .rte6cnoM cnoj y >f<apu .
.Uottc,11;aetta y THM CCJlHMa HHjC 61Ulo peAOBHHX r po6n.a
t<oja 6u BCJIH\IHHOM OAf'()eapana THM CCJIHM8, H CTOra cy
OKMHff CCJb3.llH MllCJlKJIH Wl OHH cnan.yj y ceojc MpTBC.
3aHCTa, m pWI npo<f>. Apttay.Qoe, cna.JhtteafbC ncwcea jc
.!lOCKOpa n paKTHKOBatto, H TO H 3 c T p a x a ll a c c
DOKOjHHUll HC n oaaM nH pc ( nOAByKaoM.C.
<l>.). Taj o6tt<1aj jc u anyWTCH; npOTHa noaaMnHpaaalb3,
1o1pmau ce caMo 11a<1HfbC HO>f<HhcM. 19 HK Jttpe4eK jc 3Hao
.rta cy y HCCTHHapcKllM CCJIHMa J:lOHC.QaBHa CDaJbHBanH
MPTBC ,ll.a Oil lbl!X !IC 6tt n ocranu BaMDHpH. lO
CITAJhHBA!hE BYKO.UJIAKA
HJIH BAMITHPA
Ko ju H KaKBH cy CBC MpmaQH cnan.Healm y CJlOBCHCKOj II
6.naKattCKOj CTapllHll, 0 TOMC ce HC 3H3 MHOro. He MO>f<C 6 Hnt
cyMfbe n:a cnan.1tealbC ncwcea 33 uojc cc ecpyjc .!la cy Oil
fiOKOjHHKa KO)H Cy cc nonaMnttpH.llll KJIH fiOBYKOAJiallHJIH
BO.UH ceojc nope11no 113 ror .uo6a. Cnan.11ea1t.e BaMnHpa,
H3HMC, 6 tto je BCOMa pacnpocrpafbeH o61tllaj KOjl! jc
.!I&rpajao J:lO HallJllX i:taua, a 0 fbCMy HMaMO n oy3.!IBllllX
OHCaHHX BCCTH .!13 j c BPWCH y TOKy 11113ll CTOJicha.
HajcrapHja eecr o nocroja!hy aepoeaH>a 11 o6tt4aja cna-
JbttBalba MPTBaua-aaMnHpa 110.Q 6aJIKattc1<1tx C11oacua jc y
"I:• Hu. JlCM>, SI; M. /\pay-: o...p.. oo 6''1f'lPCKllA ¢>cwuool>. \'.:o4>Mll 191',
101 ~ Kon-u. Jil'Kd: 0.. Pllnttfttbum Bulpricn. Prq:-Wim-1..eiPl:it 1191,
======1•2 ======
llymaHOBOM 33KOHHl<Y 1349. ro.uirne. 4naH 20
,llyrnaHOBa 3 3KOHH Ka rnaCH: tH JbYJ1.Hje KOje ca
BllXOBCTBOM Y3HMJbY H3 rpo6oe, Tepe HX camHmy, ceno
1<oje T0-3H yt.111HH, .ua ruiaTII epa>H.D.Y; a1<0 ms 6yi:i:e non Ha
21
T0-3H .UOlllan, .o:a MY ce Y3Me OOOOBCTBO. -
y TOM 3aKOHCKOM TeKCTY HC OOMH!b(' ce H3Ptll.IHTO eaM-
nttp llJlll eyI<OJt,Jla1<. To Httje cny4ajtto: .UymaH je xp11w-
fiattc1n1. sna.nap no THny BH3aHTHjc1<0r eacttn eeca l\OjH II
TtlM 33KOHHKOM HJlC y npBOM peny 33 yrnplj1ma1beM
xpmuhattcrea. Pe<1 ey1<0MaK je, ca ror r ne.u11wn, tterTpH-
Jrni.ma. Ami .aa ce 3attcra paJJ,11 o ey1<0JUiaL1HMa, jaCHo je
no rei<cry: pac1<011aeajy ce rpo6om1, na ce MpTBH cnan.yjy
(cammtty) H TO '18K y np11.cycrey ceewremrna! To cy 6aw
1<apaKTepncnt'IHH H 6HTHH CJJCMCHTH eepoealba 0 YHII-
UITa881hY BaMm1pa, H CBC llO y XIX BCK 6imo je np11Mepa
.ua cy ceoc1m. ceewTeHHUH y1.1ecraoeamt y YHHWTaBalby
eaMnttpa. Ta1<0 Hnp. y 01<on11H11 Hosor nasap8 caM cse-
lllTeHHJ< non CTaspa H3Bp w110 je 1826. npo6aJJ.albe BaM-
n11pa. 22 OpeMa TOMe, JlywaHOBa 3aHOHCJ<8 OJJ.peJJ.6a J<ttje
C8MO nponttc l<OjH ce OJ],HOCH HS neWTO WTO 6u ce MOCJIO
JJ,ec11n1 na Tpe6a cn pe'l.HTH, uero je JJ.OK83 JJ.8 ce pa.a:11 o
o6w-iajy 1<0j11 je nocrojao 11 1<oj11 je CMaTJ)8H M81)11joM,
ria ra Tpe6a HCKOpeHHTH, 38 WT3. cy npeJ],BHt)CHC JJ.P8C-
Tll'lHe Mepe. 11 nopeJJ. TaKBHX MCpa, nepoB81ba o BYJ<OJJ.JI8-
ll.HMa u o6tt•iaj cnaJbttB81 b8 BYHOJJ.JJ8K8 OJJ.PJ.K8B8JIH cy
ce jow CTOnehHMa, na cc sepoB81-ba O,!WJ.K8B8jy JJ.CJIH-
Mll'IHO H J].8Hac.
Apx11jcpejc1<11 ca6op OxpttJJ.CKC apx11en11c1<onHje, OJJ.p-
ma11 y OxpHJJ.Y 1529 (?), TaHot)e je 386p8ml0 sal}elbe
MpTBHX li3 rpo6oaa H cnaJhHBalbe: ca6op KaJ.K1basa npo-
J<JICTCTB0.'1 CBCWTCHHKa H xpttwhaHHHa HOj11 611 cc 11awao
ll,8 B8!1H MPTBC 113 rpo6n.a It cnan,yje 11x.H To je pe'l.HT
JJ.OK83 1<81<0 o6H'l.aj Hl1je fom cy36ujeH ll y ill a II 0 B HM
3 a I{ 0 H ll J( 0 M ii na jc l.ICCTO spWCH, Ka.a: cc MO pan a
no11asn,an1 Ta 3a6paHa. Tpe6a caMO jow JJ.O.Q8TH na cy y TO
"CtHOBll«>llKh: 3oo<OllHo<Cre4'au•llywaHO,ll<or-pa.o.11198, IS8-IS9
" Joaic•1< !lyi•h: n~uecrBKi• no C<p6•i•, 11. 6«>~ 1902, ~-s
II CT<Ttp J(OCT>th: llot<}"..CK'T>I O ~)'KK CJOCACp<:Da<OO" <nltCK<>H> TI&llJlf. JipofMH
IJOT'lil1'oUOlbl fl<hl« n..rp•jopwHj<. CnoMOHH><CKA, LVI, beori>llJl 1922, 36.
======1•1======
speMe non Oxp11.nc1<0M apxu enHC1<0nHjOM forne rQTOBO
CBC jymHOCJIOBeHCKC 3CMJbC, jep Ta.o:a HlljC nOCTOjana
neh.Ka naT1mj3pwHja.
He MO>KC 6UTH CYMJbe .o:a ce P8JJ.H 0 CCTaJhHB8lbY l! 0
Ja6paHH CTiaJhl!Balbll, HaJ<O ce OHO li3PH'IHTO HC TIOMHlbC H
y npeWJOry EnapxttjcKor ca6op8 By.UHMCJ<C cnapxttjc On-
WTCHapoAHOM ca6opy y Beorpa.a:y 1730. y IlOrJICJJ.Y B8M-
n1tpa (•3aP8JJ.H a a Mn up o s •) npeJJ.Jia>Ke cc JJ.3 •TaHO-
Baja He Jl,e.najyT ce • 11 .Qa ce 3a TO n pe6e3a1<0HO .neno
aHaTeMOM Janpe·m, a npecrynmn.ttt Jl,a ce npeJJ,ajy 11apCJ<OM
cyJJ.y.u He nporoHH ce o6tt'IHO aepo aalbC, Hero ce npe.o:-
JI8J.KY 1<a3He 33 ,a:eJI8. A K8KB3 cy Ta JJ,ena, jacHO je He C3MO
113 H8BeJJ.eHHX 336p8Ha Hero H 113 l.ICCTHX CJiy'lajesa OTKO-
nasalbll H CilaJhllB8lb8 B3M11Hpa 6aw y TO speMe y cpn-
CKHM J<pajeBHMa, 0 'l.eMy he jow 6HTH pe•m •
.[la cy y TO speMe 33HCTa p8CJ<OTI3BaHH rpo60BH P8Jl:H
cnan,11salbll ncwesa saMnnpa 11 .U8 je -raj o61tl.laj 6uo
pacnpocrpalbCH tt 1.1ecr, cseno'ltt HaM 11 fepnax, nocnaHllJ<
aycrpttjc1<or u.ap8 Koj11 je 1577. nyTOB80 y Uapttrpa.a: 11
om1cao csoje .r.i:om1tBJb8je 11a TOM nYT)' • .[loMHHHJ<, .nparo-
M3HllH nocnaHCTBa, 1<a311sao je f epnaxy JJ.a y Byr8pc1<oj H
fp'IJ<Oj MpTB8Qll J<OjH cy 611nll OWJyl.ICllll OJJ. 1tp1<BC HJill
11Ha1.1c 6e36om1111, 1111cy Tpy11yntt. Holi.y y lbHX ynaJH 1)300,
na 1t3Jla3e 113 rpo6oaa 11 n n awe Jby.o:e. 36or TOra HX
0T1<onasajy H cn8Jbyjy. Ta.a:8 cs a1<11 113 Tor MeCT8 npHttece
je)l,Ho llJill ,!\Ba .o:pseTa Ha oralb, a 1<paj saTpe croje nonoBH
c J<8HJJ.llJIHM8 ll roaope: • focno.o:H, DOMHJiyj HH! HTJ],•• To
ttcro ce .uecllJIO H y caMOM Uapnrp8AY 1575, rJJ.e cy
Typl{H 2 1. Maja 1575, Ha MOJI6y fpKa, cnaJJHJIH jeJJ.Hor
fpH8 1.1ujc ce reno H11je 6ttno pacnano y T01<y ny11e .nse
ronllHC. 15
HCKOJIHl(O n11C8HHX BCCTll 0 C08JbHB31bY B3Mnttpa HM3 H
HJ XVIII Betta, nornaBttTO 113 OHOr .o:ena Cp6ll jc J<Ojll je
1718-1739. 6uo n OJJ, aycrp11jCHOM OJ<ynaQttjOM it ll3 OHHX
1<pajeea T3JJ.8WlbC Yrapc1<c y HOjHMa cy >KllBCJill Cp611.
,, r. BHto<OBuh: C""""'MKUH HJ 6y!l)lMCICOI" H ntWTllHCKOf" • PIULB& 0,11 <'OA.
1728-1748,ll.li<orpa.o.1873,37
"K. ll pe..,.o<: Cnpa n'nW<CTBHja no 6'.11,..,pKja. lltpltOJlH4<CKOCnucaHHC, VI,
Cpe.11cu18!1J, 42-4J
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:~ 1~ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:~
Pa.int ce peAOBHTO o H3Bewnjm'l3 ynpammx BJlaCTH, a TC
secnt 0 OTKO!laBaIMIMa BaMmtpa H3a3HB3JIC cy np ttml'l-
HY ceH3aQHjy y Eepom1 , T3KO .ua je 0 TOMC H3CTa.11a 43K
Mana nuttparypa. Ha ma.nOCT, HHcaM l!Mao .npH.mnce .I.ta cc
KOpHcntM CB0.'11 TOM mrrcparypoM 113 npac PYKC, jep je
HHCaM uawao HH y HapoAHOj 61t6mfO'rel.Ul y Beqy, a.nH ca.'11
•rnrno IOhHry M. M . Pamtrra, KOjll je y ceojy 1<1b11ry ytteo
H3 pa1tuje o6jaeJbem1x crmca on1tce 1tc1<onaoa1ba eaMmtpa.
3a PattcPTa cc KO.It ttac atta.no caMo no je.1.1.110111 Hcnttcy K
J1tpe<1e1<a KOjH je ynOTpe6no CT. Hoea1<oe11h { Ceno, Beo.
rpa,a: 189 1, 88). 1101.umje cy o6jae;t.e HH jow llCKH TaKBH
OOA3UH Ha OCHOBH apXHBCHC rpal)e H3 rora epeMCHa.
lloK cy nnacm y jy>f(HOj Yrapc1<oj K3>tOb3BaJIC OHC
KOj H cy OTKonaeaim ea111rmpe, npHJm1<0111 'ICra je 61tno H
cnaJDueatba, y 01<ym1pa11oj Cp611j11 6imo je rora JJ.a cy 1:
npeACTaBHHllH enacw noeepoean1t y eaMnHpc H yqecreo-
easm y lbHXOBOM T06o>KlbCM yHtturraaaH.y.
no H3eeurraj y enaCTH nyrowKor ,a;ncrpHKTa, y ceny
Ea6um cnaJbCH je je,a;aH eaMm1p 1725, a 24. ja11yapa 1726.
npe,a;craemtK BJJaCTH Tor HCTOr m1crpmcTa Tpa>KH o.a:
BHWC BJJacrn ynyrcreo y norneny cnaJblIBalba newa
je11ne crapmte Koja je H3Sl33Hna H3 rpo6a Kao saMnHp
(Blutsiiugerin). 16 Y TO epeMe y OKOSIHHH flyrowa 6rum je,
nope.II PyMyHa, n Cp6a, na ce eeCTH MOry y3CTH .a:a ce
O.IlHOCC H 11a Cp6e, H3Mel)y KOjHx H PyMyna y TOM norne11y
cnaKa1<0 .a:a m1je 6HS10 pa3SlHHe.
Ee'IKC HOBHHC cy o6jasune, 1725, jena11 H3BCWTaj 11ap-
C1<or npos1-130pa y rpllJlHWTilHCK0.'1'1 .!J:HCTplU<Ty, na cy nj
H3Beurraj y QCJIHHH npeHene Leipziger Zeitungenn .nonH-
COM J.13 £eqa 0.Il 3J. jyna 1725. npe,\13 TOM H3BCWTaj y, y
ceny KHCCSbCBH y paMCJ<OM AHCTpHKTy, yMpo je IleTap
Enarojennh npc .IlCCCT3H CC.QMHUa . .UecllilO ce .a:a je y TOHY
OA OCaM )18113 nocne IMroee CMPTH yMpno jow .QCBCT
SlHUa, CTapHX H MJlll.IlHX, nocne .llBllJlCCCT<ICTBOpo'laCOBHOr
6onOBalb3.. Ttt cy npen CMpT H3jaBJbl!B3SlH .aa HM je y CHy
Mi1:~~~~.~;;'~,ili~~h1~l;J~;t9P_!~..._inSUdunpm.ll~
" M. M . RMI'< : T~t YQll dem Scl'lma!:o<n \llld Koounen der Tod«n in Orlb<rn
Lci~1l134),2'-ll .
=;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 145 =;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
nona3110 n ernp, nerao Ha lhHx n .a:aeno nx, na CTOra
Mopajy .a:a yMpy, a H IleTposa y.a:oe1tua je H3jamrna Aa joj
je MYH< 11ona3HO. CeJballH cy OH)l8, )l8 llC 61t AO<ICK3SIH .a:a
ueno ceno nponaJ.tHe 011 TOra 311or AYXa (•Kao wro cc eeh
,a;ewaeano y TypcKo .no6a1), OTKonann IlCTpOB rpo6, npo-
6run1 JMroe new Kpoo cpue 33.WH.JbCHHM KOLteM, na ra •no
o6H'lajy y TaHBOj np1ln1tl.(H I CflaJIHSIH.
ro1111ne 1731. ceno Me.a:eel)a Ha MopaeH (y 6HeweM
jaroAHllCKOM OKpyry) f3HCMHplU10 ce 36or BaMTIHpa, na je
Bpxoena HOMa~ ynyrHna y ceno KOMHCHjy 0.Il HCM3'1HHX
o¢imu1pa H 6ep6epa. KoM11c1-1ja je npeMCTnyna 1.teno rpo6-
SbC II HalllSla .a:a 33HCTa HMa BaMmtpa, na cy OHHM MpTBa-
U,uMa 33 Koje cy naU1S111 na cy saMTIHJ'.IH najnpe UttranH
no.a:ceuam1 rnaee n ou.a:a H r siaee tt una cna1111J111 a neneo
6a1.t1VIH y M opaey. Iloce6110 Tpe6a ttcrahn ueHe noAaTHe
H3 ror H3eewnja. Tero6e cy no<iene ca cMpfiy Ilaena
Apnayra, KOjH je yMpo nCT ronuna npc rora. OH cc >Kan110
33 mneorn .aa ra je y •Goffova (Caffova) • y T)'J'CHOj
Cp6njH (6nhe DaKOBa, DaKOBHQa) MY<IHO BaMnup. n o
caeCTy npucyTnor 1xaiAY4HOr • xa,ruial)a (nopy<iHHKa), KO-
ju je eeh H pa1111je npncycreoeao Taf<BHM npHnHKaMa,
OTKona11 je new Ilasnoe, Kao " ,!l,pyrnx noKojHHf<a 33 Koje
cc cyMlba.llO .!13 cy saMnHpll. 21 PaJ].lUlo cc, ,aaKJ1e, o <ieCTOj
II .IIo6po fl03HaTOj npaHCH.
ronH11e 1748 . .a:ecuno ce y Kapauce6ewy .a:a cy TaMow-
lbH npaeocnamm MCWTaHH OTHOnanll 11 MJYfBHX Hoje cy
CM3TpanH BaMm1pttMa (Bluts3uger), na J.IX ,!J;CJJHMH<IUO
cnanHJIH a 11enHMH<IHO npcnHnH epcnOM BOAOM, TC llX
onCT 33.HOnanH, 6e3 3H3Jb8 ltPKBC. 19 y <Pc6pyapy 175 1, y
ceny Koe1m y KO.!J: nan<iena, no11 cyMlbOM na je eaMm1p,
OTKonan je rpo6 MapHHHa K anapnha y np11cycrey npcJl-
CTaBHttHa onwTJme H 0<1>1-11.tupa. fle1<ap je nperne.a:ao new
H nawao .a:a je nya HpBH . .Ila 611 ce aapon yM11puo, new je
Cfl!lJbCH. A y MCCTY >I<: a (j Jb y ( Schebell) HCKa JIHQa cy, y
janyapy 1753, 6e3 3Halba <IHHOBHHHa, Ha ceojy PYKY pa-
"M. M.Ranfl: IUle . .:ie.'I0,161:-176,llS";i..;L.V."lbal~BritrlFzum
Vornpyr-Glaub<n cler S<tb<n. Pubhca11on<n cler lllltnolotioch<n Miucilunitn OUI
Unpm, Ill. Hudt pttt 1891, 17-10.
•• L.Blrod: no.oo.poA,llO.
====== 146======
cKonana cnarmna newesc 11aa 40seKa H je,1u1e mene 1t
1t
3aro cy ocyl)ena Ha 14 natta 33TBOpa. 3° CnaJbHBalbe aaM-
m1pa amett H .rtattac y npe.Qa»>y y OI<OJIHHH Bene llp1<ee: y
TO."I Kpajy cny wao caM, npe HCKOJIHKO ro.u,1111a, je;111y
npH4Y 0 BaMmtpy ca Jleu opHHllM MOTHB0.'11. l"lpH43 ce
33.sprnaea j e ea~urn.p OTKOII3H H K3 KO cy Ha
THM K3KO
lbeMy HaJIO>KJ.tJl H BCJlHKY eaTpy H Ha H>Oj ra H3l'OpeJIH, re
i::ta crra.naHl!je 6HJIO DaMmtpa.3'
BHWC
To je 6HJJO HCKOJIHHO cny1.1ajesa OTKOnaeatba BSMIIHpa
ca CIIVbHBalbCM H 3 Kpajeea c ypel}e HOM eeponCKOM aJlMH-
Hm:rpaLtlljOM. CeaKaKo lla je 11 11a roi ttpHTOpHjH, KOja je
o6yxeaTaJ1a caMO jci:i:aH ACO J ymttHx CnoeeHa, 6H.110 H
CJIY'tajeea OTKOII3B3lba H Clla.JbHB31b3 BSMIIHpa 33. KOjC
em1cru: yonwre HHCY ca:manc, a H TaKBHX 33 Hoje cy
Ca3HaJ1C a.rm IIHC3Hll H3BCWTajH tmcy caqyeam1 . A K3KO
mt je Tt'K TO Clla.JbHBalbe Mopa.110 6t1Ttl 'ICCTO y OH l!M
KpajeettMa KOj H cy 6HJm no.n: TypcKoM, r .n:e .n:p}i(aeHe
enacn t yonw Tt m1cy eo.n:une 6p11ry o roMe 11 ttu cy TaKO
wro HH cnpe ... aeane Hero '-laK 1twne 1tapy1<y THMe wro cy
1t ca1om npe.n:cTaBHHQH enaCTH scpoeanH y Ta1<Be creapH
{Hnp. noMeHyr1t CJiy<iaj H3 caMor Uap1:1rp~a 1577).
OT1<onaeaH>a H cm11h1teaH>a BaMn1tpa 611no je no HauJHM
KpajeBHMa H .QOQHHje, JJ,a ra llCCTaHC - VIH HC .n:a HCCTaHC
11 eepoeatw. JJ.3. r.uw TpC6a nocrynaTH - ttK y uawe .n:aue,
JaXBaJbyjyh.11 .n:eJIHMH'-IHO HacrojalbltMa rpal)aHCKHX H Qp-
KBCHHX enacr11, 1<oje cy noj a'-lane Ha.r:t3Qp Ha.rt rpo6.lhJ.1Ma 11
.n:on yrmane e1<cxyMaltlliY caMO no o.n:o6pelhy 11 Y3 np11cy-
creo o.n:pel}eu11x oprana, a .n:e11uMwrno Jaxean.yjylm 11
no.n:H.JalhY npocaett, yCJie.n '-!era HW'-le33Bajy crapa eepo-
eaa.a . .Uo ca3natt.a wiacrn H noj cJIHHaua .n:oU1110 je 11 y
XIX eeKy euwe CJiy'la jeea on<onaeatt.a H cnan.11ealb3
eaMnttpa, a ca1<yn.lha'-IH CTllOJIOWKC rpal}e HMaJIH cy np11-
JIHKC .n:a H y xx
BCKY 3a6e11e>He Ha MHOro Mccra >KHBa
ecpoealba 11 npe.n:alha o OTKOnaealhy " cnan.11ealhy eaM-
nupa HJIH eyKO,[lJlaKa.
4ecrn cy 6im1t c.'1y4ajee11 on<onaealba eaMnupa y Cp-
'" Ho.-.OltCTJ.
" MM. c. 4>01111lJJOJIN~: Bcpo" IQ>MH y """'"Tf&HHa<Mx Xepa. 36<>pHKK
ollaHOTa<eXopeo,HOBMCu;l9Sl,llW.
=======147=======
611j H KllC3a M1rnow a 1820. H 1839, ann cc 1!3 o6jae;bC1111x
a1<aTa 11c DH.ti.Ii .rta JIH j c 611no ll cnan.uea1i,a. Bpc.n:u .n:a cc
nOMCHC .n:a jc y uc1<onaea1by eaMnupa y ceny Ceoj.n:pyry
1836. yqecreoeao 11 non 3axapHja. n r o.n:. 1839. y ccny
lllap6a11osu.y pac1<ona110 jc ocaM eaMmt pa, na cy HM neweec
pacnopHJm, cpQa HM CK}'BaJIJ.I y KJb}''-laJIO)I BHHy, na liX
OH.lt3 eparnnH 11a ceoja Mecra 11 oncT 3aKOnaJIH. Cy.rtchu
no HMCHHMa y<1ec11m<a, ce.lha1111 cy 6H11H Cp6u 11 BnacH. u
K0Memap11w ytm 4na11 20 .lJ. y w a 11 o n a 3 a K o -
11 H Ka CT. H oea1<oeuh, Ha OCHOBll nporo1<ona cy.QCKC
apx11ee 0Kpyra no>Hapeea•1Kor, H3HOCH JJ.3. jc 1844. cyl)euo
33 .11Ba cny'la ja OTKOnaeaH>a MPTBaQa amt cc ue BCJIH .na nn
je fomo H cnalhHBau,a. ,. MHJ1a11 M11n HliCBHh H3HCO j e -
upsH nyr 1873 - 1<a311saH>e Mttnuje 6yrap1111a, 6ttewer
OKPY>HllOr HO'-ICJIHHKa, MaKO je 33 BpeMC lbCroea JlCTlllb-
crea y n o.n116py 6110 nyMao mac na cc HCKaMae MpTBaLI
noeaMnHpllO. Cen..aUtt cy 30BHym1 CBCWTeHl\Ka, cnpeMH-
1111 ow -rpo rnoroeo H M11e11oeo KOJbC . .UoM cy 01111 pacKO-
naeaJm rpo6, CBCWTelfH}( je 113 KH>Hre rpoMOb11t1K '-IHTaO H
33K1lmbllo HC'-lllCTOr .n:yxa .ua 113111}e u 11.n:e y 6e3.n:a11.
Jby.QH cy paCMOilaJIH rpo6, UaJIO>HWIH BaTpy 01(0 rpo6a,
na OWTJ)HM l(OJbCM npo6o.mt H~YBCHO TeJIO yMpnora, .QOM
cy 11eKtt rpa uaMa Maxan11 noepx eaTpe a.a He 6tt ~aso, Moj 11
ce 6Ho yeyMao y TCJlO MpTBaQa, 113JICTeO tt yreKao. n owro
cy TO cee tt3epwHm1, 3rp1tyntt cy rpo6 3CMJbOM, H eaMnH-
pa BHWC HHje 6u110. 35 IlpeMa i ci:tHOM CJiy>H6eHOM ll3BC-
WTajy, y ccny .Uou.oj KopHTHHQH (n1.n:a 6enonana11a'-IM1t
cpe3, HHWMH OKpyr) nojael!Jla ce 1880. cn11.i:teMttja •npo-
crpe.n:• Ha oeQaMa. Cc.ri,a1111 cy 33K1by<mntt .a;a cc jc.n:aH
H>HXOB CCJballllH, KOjH jc yMpo JtBa MCCCQa npe rora,
noeaMnuptto 11 .n:a HM 011 jc.n:c oeQe. n ocne MOHcynroeatt.a
epaqapa, .n:oroeopHJJH cc na OT1<onaj y Teno yMpnora H .na
ra cnane. IlpHllttKOM OTKOnaealba ynpJIH cy ca ceux crpa-
Ha HO>KCBC, }(OCC, cpnoee H .npyra OUJTpa opylja y r po6, JJ,a
"Tllll, P. ~•odl.: l"i>afia•<P"""' iupa;uie-'lli< IU • - " " np• .,.._,..
1<1tc311M.,.,.,... CE3,XlV,Dcu,,.,.,l90Sl,,ll-'J.<I
" l !Q . lKlll), l l.CE3, XIX ,6ocrpu 191l,46-4- 46S.
,. Cr. HOUl<OllMll: 30opHH~ Cm!-o Jlsw->. 6eorpo.o. 1891, IS9.
"MIUIDI D. MIUll<MBRll : Jt<n.ot Cp0o ce.o.axa. I'CYl(, XXXVll, ~ 181!,
l70-171 ; HCTO,Cl!3,l,Seorpt,all91, Jl6-J27).
====== !4s======
He 6n saMm1p no6erao, a '-IHM cy ra OTI<OnaJIH, HaJIO)f{mm
cy earpy OHO H.era (Tj. y rpo6y, M. C. <I>.), Te je cae
113ropeo. 3&
Ca ByKoM KapaunheM no11eo je 1<0.n. Cp6a PaJI. Ha cttcre-
MaTcKOM yno3ttaealby Haponttor >frneOTa. O tt caM 336eJJe-
>KHO je 1<ao onu.rre eepoealbe 11 o61t'laj KOJl Cp6a .na Ha.IJ;,
rpa»<ehn ea.'i!mtpa (eyKOJtJlaKa), pac1<0najy rpo6 Hy lbeMy
ttal)y tfOBCI<a .n.a ce HHje pacnao, H36o,uy ra rnorOBliM
KOJbeM na ra 6au:e Ha eupy Te H3rOpH. A BYKO,ltJl3KOM
nocraje qoeeH y Hora tte-rp.n.eceT .natta nOCJJe CMprn yl}e
HCKa1<aB ljaBOJlCKH .n:yx H OIBHBll ra (noeaMnllpH ce). •Ilo-
llJTeH ' 'IOBCK MOIBC ce noeaMmlpHTH 3KO npe1<0 lbera
MptBa npenent K3KBS- nTllll3 1-lnH npel)e K3KBO ,lij)yro
)fUIBHH'le. 37 Ka3HBalbe ByKOBO IIOTBpl)yjy H ynomylbyjy
HCKll Il03HHjH mlCllH caOnlllTeli>HMa li3 pa3HHX Hpajeea.
Koi:i: xepueroea•nrnx H 6ocattc1u1x MYCJlHMatta 336ene-
>1<eno je onlllttptto eepoeaH>e y aaMnttpe.38 Kaua JbYitH
It03Hajy ,1:1a ce Koron y ceny noaaMnHpHo, nottecy Mttoro
npBa H ttanoH<e saTpy Ha rpo6 wr MPTBaua. CnpeMe H jax
rJIOfOB KOJiaQ, JaOlllTpeH, KOjH Ma.JheBHMa Ja6ttjajy y rpo6
na npo6o,1:1y Mp-rBaua y H:.eMy. HeKOJIHKO JbY.tlH ,1:106po H
onpe3HO na3H OKO rpo6a xohe JlH 1<aKBa nerrrnpmta H3Jle-
Tern TOM npwnrnOM H3 rpo6a. AKO OHa H3JleTH l<P03
aatpy, Tp'le 3a lbOM, na je yxBaTe H cra.Be Ha BaTpy. He
cna.Jbyje ce, na1<ne, eaMnHpOB new, Hero H>erOBa ,1:1ywa y
o6nHKY nemttpmte. Y Hcro<rnoj XepuerOBHHH Bepyje ce,
1<a1<0 je Ja6eneH<etto, ,1:1a ay1<0AJia1<a caMO Tpe6a npo6ocw
rJIOroBHM KOQeM, anH ce caomIJTaBa 1<aKO je y ABTOBUY
Kpaj fau:1<a tta rpo6 je;:nmr BYKOAJiaI<a 6a<tetta neca OJI
JanaJbettor npyka, nowTO je MPTBaQ y rpo6y (6e3 OT1<ona-
eaH>a) Ja6o,11eH TpHOBHM l<OJbeM. 39 y fo.rnweM BHWerpa.u-
Cl<OM cpe3y, y :Socttu , eaMnHpa, nourro ra OT1<onajy, y.uape
.. M ..., ... D. MllllKl\<aKll: Kp&ll.tllH>la Cp6Kjl. 6eoll"ll 1884, 156; MM.i<HKO
lltaddi: TipuHOa<PKll< H :uio~MHK. rH'I, XIV, &eorpo,11189-4, 149.
"8}11< C1". Kapa!,<HI\: ~ pjt'lHHK, no.o;: B)'l«>:V-, B°"nKp: -: lKHBO"t K
ol»o'U.jKHlpo.11,&cpnc><o<"l'.~l9S7,201-202
"BKJ1Byntn1h-ByKaroBllil:C...pn<KllJ[MnOtpe(iHKo6H'U.jKICOJ1JO}"lC ....JIOHOllO.
yXtpu.tr-6oono:.JlMC,l97,Ho..M CIJl1W'.1,lSl,156
" T . A. J;pnllll: lh Hapo.o;nor Bicpom .... (y OKOJIKl.llt Htl>«IO .... Kr ....... ~ f3M,
XIV, Capo.jt110 19<12,292-29l
====== 149======
y npca rnoroBHM 1<oueM, na ra OH)la nocny BaTpoM, 1<ojy
cy npe-rx:onno nanomHJIH Kpaj rpo6a, ua caa H3ropH. CeM
TOra y TOM HCTOM 1<pajy rar)ajy BaMnHpa H H3 nyw1<e;
nporolbeHH eaMm1p npeTsoptt ce y M11wa 1<or tpe6a
CllaJlHTH Ha BaT1m. ~ 0 CnH'l.Ha cy Beposalba 0 BaMnHpy H
Ha<tHH 6op6e npOTHB H>era H y OKOJIHHH BnaceH11u:e y
EocHH. 113 Tor 1<paja HMa BHWe caonurreH.a KOja nom13yjy
nay je.QHOM HCTOM 1<pajy H CTaHOBHHWTBy Hcre Haponeo-
CTH Mory HCTOBpeMeHO .ua nocroje Pa.3JIH'IHTa BepoBa!ha 0
HCTOj nojaaH. no jeJIHOM caonurreH.y, aaMnHpa Hc1<onajy,
HCeKy Ha l<OMa,u:Hke, cpue H3Ba.Qe H caH<ery Ha B3TPH HJIH
r a caMO nane. 1887, 1<a1<0 je ca3Hao E. JIHJTeK, y OTIWTHHH
~ UHKOJTH • cnanHJIH cy je,1:1ttor ay1<0,1J.J1a1<a. Ka.u xohe ,1:1a
cnane ay1<0JJ.Jia1<a, ttanoH<e orpoMHY BaTpy, 1<ojy nocne
Mano paarp1:1y H y cpe.QHHY 6aue BaMnupoe new. Y ceny
Ilo6eJiapjy Mecro \l.HTaaor newa nane caMo cpue, jep
Bepyjy na ce y \l.OBeKa noeaMnttpH cpu:e. 41 Y ceny EpajHH-
Ll.HMa, Ka,11 ce yeepe .a;a ce HeKH Mprnau: noeaMnHpHo,
cen.attH H H>eroe po.a; craBe Ha tbCroe rpo6 necy OJI npyka
H no a.oj cnaMe; Ta neca u cnaMa Tpe6a .Qa 6paHe .ua 1<ora
o.a; np11cy11mx tte nonpc1<a 1<pe eaMnHpa 1<a,1:1 ra npo6oJiy.
,Uo6po 3aowTpeH rnoroB 1<onau npcrrype 1<po3 necy, na
jenatt Jio6po ynaptt ce1<HpOM 03ro y 1<onaQ ,1:1a npo6o,1:1e
new yMpnor. nocne ce Taj 1<011au H cnaMa 6aue y rpo6m:1-
u:y na ce tta MPTBOM Janane JJ.a tt3ropH " OHJJ.a ce cee neno
Ja1<ona. Hew HCnHTHBa'l ca3ttao je ,1:1a je pam1 je 6tteano
cny'la)eBa .Qa eaMn11pa HJIH oHora 3a Kora cy MHC-
JIHJIH .Qa he ce noBaMnHpHTH HHCy 60JIH eek cy
ra y r po6y cnanttTH (IlOJIByKao M. C. ct>.), na OHJJ.a
Jal<Of!anH, Tj. y rpo6y 6H Ha.Q Mp-reaueM HaJTOIBHJIH eeJIHl<Y
BaTpy, na Kan 6H Teno H3ropeno, JaCYJIH 6H rpo6HHUY·
Ilpe.i:t 01<ynaL1.HiY EiocHe 6J.rna ce y ceny CTynapttMa, y HCTOM
1<pajy, noBaMnHpHna jeJIHa meea. OrnonanH cy rpo6 H
npo6ttJtH je rnoroBttM KOQeM. IlowTo je H nOC11e TOra
JI01183HJia, TIOHOBO cy OTl<OTianH rpo6, Ha newy HaJTOH<HJIH
.. E.J\llJ[CM:En10Jtow1<11""6>tpLUtn06ocHMKXcpu.tl"OflMHK.r3M,Xl,Capoj<BO
18!19,704.
., H•03>1 . ..ccty
====== 1so======
Be.JIHKY BaTpy, cnpamm1 je If oneT aa1<omum: amne Httje
,n:OJia31rna. 42 'llaK H y XX se1<y forno je y OKOJIHHH Bnace-
mnte cnaJbHBalba saMmipa: y ceny TynattapttMa, yMpo je 9.
anpruia 1923. Oaj o To.,mi'i. IloeaMnHpHo ce H .n:ona3HO
mem1.- Oocne MeCCll .a;atta np11Menvm cy ra » CHHOBH.
Ca:mam1 mm ceno Ha ,noroaop urra .ua pa,n:e. Pewmm cy ,!I.a
ce new HCKona, cna.'m Ha eaTptt tt reno pacryp11, na je no,1:1
BOJJ,CTBOM 11>erosnx CIIH OB!l TO ll y"lttfbCHO: new HCKOO!lH,
npo6o.r:teH rnoroeHM KOQCM H 6attett tta JJOMa<ty, na neneo
pacrypett, a HC!<OJUll<O npeOCTaJJHX yrJbCHllCaHHX KOCTHjy
6attetto je ttaTpar y r po6mm:y. 43
Y 1<paryjena•moj JacemtQH, y WyMa,rrnj11, 3a6enemetta
je nptt4a o je,n:tt0.'!1 eaMnttpy 1<ora cy xeaTam1, aJJH HM je ott
no6erao HP03 01,ia1<: CKHHYJUl cy My OOKPOB H cnamum.
CyrpaJ{all cy MY paCKOllaJUl rpo6 ll O.QM!lX ra TY cna;m-
JIH.·· BaMnHpa YHHWTaBajy y npeJJ,eJiy XoMOJba Ha Taj
na<tllH WTO parnonajy rpo6, a HaJl JJ.Oijy JJ.O JJ.aCaKa KOB<te-
ra, JJ.HrHY HX It jeJJ,a H 6p30 cjypH HOJial{ y Tp6yx eaMnHpoB
a JJ.PYnt ra nocne eo,!l.0111 na rpo6 OJJ,Max JaTpnajy. MttorH
noCJJe HllJIOH<C H eaTpy Ha rpo6y. 0 y HeKanallllbeM llPHO-
pe'IHOM OHpyry y llCTO'IHOj Cp611j11, 01<0 1800, HaJJ. 6H
11eHOM ceny JJ.OCaJJ.HO BaMn11p, noU1JI11 611 H pac1<omurn
rpo6 HOjH je cy1111b1rn. AKO ttaQy uepacnannyro TCJJO,
3a6oJJ.y y cpuc rnoroe 1<onau. Y crap11ja epe111etta cc JJ,e-
U1aeano JJ,a cy Teno caropenH, a .a;pyru cy ra 3pHOM H3
nywaHa npopeU1CTaJI11. fJJ.e je eeha 6yJJ.HOCT enacrtt, TilMO
cy cc ocno6aQaJIH eaMm1pa Ha JJ.p yn1 tta'IHH, anH o ncr
cnaJl>HBaJbCM: Ha CHpllBCHOM MCCTY rJJ.e npona3H, BaMmlp
cc JJ.O'ICHyje ca CBCTO.\I HKOHOM. Ba,\lnHp no6crttc npeJJ, TOM
xaMajnHjoM, npeneTH npenoHe, aJIH, rolbett, caHpHje ce y
HCHO CTaKJIO y KOMC je cnpeMJbCHO jeJIO HOjc je OH Ha)pa-
JJ,ttje jeo 33 H<HBOTa. PaJJ.H o6e36eijelha, y CTaHJlo ce CTaBH
"' T . .ilJ)ani llcB •h: H•P<Wt< np.,110Rj<p•u<. r 3M, XX, C..pajcBO 1908, 4~9-460.
•>B. 'l a jHaffOBHh;"""·POJl,261! (a HO OCHOBKMO ... ltmlj• YllHCBK<»l nHCT}'
•BJ)c>1co o;,2J. >1ajo l92J).
•• )cp. M. llallJtOll.Kh: ll<Ku<rr" o6.....;. HOP<l/lHK y Hpary jc..a ~KOj J accHHUll
CH3,XXl! ,6eorpa,o. \92! ,UO.
• • Caaa M. M MOCOBn.<BKh : 06..~•i• CP!ICH<>r Hopon "' Cpc>a x.,,.on.c.ot
C1:'3,XIX,6eorpa,i, l91J,299.
====== 1s1 ======
J],CJIHli llHOHe ll ca sanywa'ICM npHTBOPll na ce npeJJ,a
BaTPtt.'6
H y Hawe JJ,aue m 11ee paJHa eepoealha o BaMn11p1tMa y
nectwea'IHOj MopaeH, na HMa 11 Tora JJ.a ce eaTpa np11Me-
tt:.yje y YHllWTaBatt:.y ea111n11pa. BaMnHpa ce OCJio6aQajy y
TOM Kpaj y Ha pa3HC H3'1HHC: Wa.Jby ray jeJCpa, peHe, 6ape
H noJb.ll HJIH JJ,a ra pacrprajy BYHOBH. H111a H JJ,a ce n03HBa
eaMnHpoaHh JJ.a y6uje eaMnHpa. KaJJ. BaMJlHpoeuh 'ICKa
BaMrmpa, CCJb.llQH Ha TOM MCCTY 3anaJie J],BC eaTpe, ll3MeQy
HOjHx OH nyua Ha aaMnupa. Y ceny Type1<oeuy 6Ho ce
BaMnHp yceJIHO y roeeQy rnaBy HaTaHH)'TY Ha HOJiaU OJ],
nn0TI1. 3aTO cy crae11nu r naay na CJJaMy tt Tp1be, noHpHnII
je cnaMOM II CBC ynaJIHJlH.'7
Bepoealbe y eaMnilpe je onwTC II y EyrapCKoj, a je,!laH
OJ], 11a1.111ua YHHWTilBa1b3 eaMnttpa H TaMO je cnan.Ileatt:.e.
Y OHOJIIIHII KoTena, nolllTO MY pacKonajy rpo6, aaMnHp y
cy 3a6HjaJIH y n pca rnoroe KOJiaQ, na new jaeno cnan.tt-
BllJIH Ha no111a'IH OJJ. r noroea JJ.PBCTa.' 8 Kao wro H3HOCH K
JHpe<1e1<, TO seposalbe y sa11mHpa oco6HTO ce o.npmaJIO y
o6nacr11 OKO npoeaJJ,Hje. IloMHlbe tt CJJy'laj 1<ojH ce ue-
.llaeuo J],CCHO a 1<oj11 je aeoMa CJlll'laH OIIHCaHOM YHllllITa-
eatt:.y eaMnttpa y Upuoj PeUH: y ceny Heew11 nojas11na ce
6onecr oeaua Hoja je npunHca11a aaMnHpy. Bpa'I (•1,1a.na-
1,1Hja •) je Tepao llCBl1J],JbllBOr BaMnHpa ca JJ.PBCHO.Vi IIKO-
HOM y pyQH OJJ. je,!lnor 6pasa Jl,O .npyror. 3nH .nyx 6emao je
ttcnpe.ll HKOHC y OB'IHja 3Bona, y pyuo, y ycra jeJJ,uor nca
H uajsa,n y ieJJ.HY .npeeuy uee. Ty uee cy 3a4enHn11 11
cnaJIHJIH. Ha cnH'laH Ha'IHH, Tj. y3 ynOTpe6y HHone, repa-
JI11 cy eaMnHpa Hy ceny Eett'latty. DornTo ce epa1.1 :JayCTa-
e 110 Ha ceeme111 rpo6y jeJJ.nor Uttraimna, cen.aQtt cy
OPHTP'laJIII, pacKonantt rpo6 H CflllJIHJlH new Ha noMa'IH
OJ], JJ.PBCTa 11 Tp!ba.' 9 y OKOJIHHH CaMOHOBa (ceno .Uocnej),
eaMrmpa cy 3aTeopHnH y nneethy na Hpajy cena 1t cnanH-
.. Cr. Ma'tl.j: llpHOp<~HH o•pyr. rCYJ(, 73, &cwpa;, 1892, 134-!JS;M. lkcm~
""".po.t1,lSO-ISl
•• Jl;>ar. M. Dopl)ceH~: IKHeOT K o6H'llljH ""l"'""M y Jl""'°" o~KOj Mopa.11K. CE3,
LXX,&cwpa;,19l-8,S66-S67.
•• Konsuntinji~k : Du R1 .. ion1hum Bulpricn .. , 100
"H• OOH.lll<CT)'
====== 112======
.rm, a y 01<on11HH Bparta (ceno KaMettonoJbe), nowTo ce
rpo6 pac1<0na, eaMmtpoeo reno ce npo6o.o:e ttamemeHHM
pamlbeM H 3an H je epemtM BHHOM H 3ejTif!IOM. 50
HH3Y OBHX rmi:taTaI<a MO>t<e ce ,[10,!l,8TH H nollaTaK H3
je,11.He ttapo,IUie np1t<1e 113 npe.nena Jieeqa y Cp6HjH: eaM-
rmpqe je H3.Qano eaMrrnpa, H no caeeTy eaMnttptteTa ceJba-
HH cy crae1t11H aaMrntpa H lberoe no1<poe tta ea-rpy H
noy6ttjanH nerrrttpe KOjH cy H3Jlerems H3 lhera J<al1 je
110\ICO .ua ropH. 51
CTollITQ je tt ecyMJbllBO yTBpl)eHo .Qa cy ttenocpe.ntto no-
cne CMPTH Cl13JbHB8Ha H Tena flOTeHL{HjaJTHHX syKO)J,JlaKa
mm eal'm11pa, a .na cy ttaKtta,rmo y rpo6oettMa cnan.Heatt11
mrn eal)em1 H3 rpo6oea na cnaJbHBaHH Ha JIOM.a•m L{Cmt
Hmt CaMO lleJIOBH OHHX flOKOj Hl!Ka 33 Koj e ce Tel< n ocne
.na cy BYKOJ.tJ13IJ.H Hmt B3MflHpH, o•mrnei:tHO
CMP'fll H3IlIJl0
je na Biilie HC·CTOj H 33KJby<!aK c. T pojaHOBllha .ua je KO.U
Hae nocrojao Ofol'·lai H31UlaJJ;HOr CilaJbHBaJbll Mp'rBaita. s2
Kao lllTO he ce BHlleTH H3 ll!Llber H3Jlaralba, HermcpellHOr
COaJbHBaJbll j e KOil Hae 6HJ10 H HHa<:ie.
YHHlllTaBalbe BYKOWJ.aKa HJlH BaMmtpa COaJbHBalbeM
1berosa nellla HJlH caMo i:tyw e y o6mmy >t<HBOTHlbe ( nen-
rnpa) HJlH HCBHllJbHBOr BaMnHpa 6uno je BCOMa pacnpo--
crpalbeHO, a.nu unaK HHje 6HJIO on w Te, 6ap He y HOBHje
speMe. TaKo Hnp. pacKonasaH.a rpo6osa s aMnupa HJlH
BYKOWJ.aKa 6uno je H y HcrpH H .lla.nMaQHj lt, anu ce He
caonwTasa 11a je 6Hno COaJbHBaH>a, ' l Kao UJTO HM a MHOro
no11a-r.ma H H3 I>octte tt llPYrttx o6nacru i:ta cy OTKo naHH
neweBH CaMO npo6a11aHH rnoroBHM KOltCM HJIH YHHWTaBa-
HH Ha 11pyrtt Ha'IHH. O po6aualbe BaMnHpa rnoroBHM K0--
1..{CM j e, MHCJlH B. l.lajKaHOBHh, crapHjH Ha'IHH OHeMoryha-
Ba!ha saMnHpa. ' 4
,. J.t_ MapKHOJJ' Hapo.llKI M po K peJ!KntOOHK Hlpo;u<K OO H~ O K . OiXY, XXVlll ,
(;o¢KR19J4,2 17- 2l8
"B. \laji<aMooHk: Cpl>O!Cc Hl poJIHC np>t1>0BCT1<c. CE3. XL!, &corp0Jl - 3 C.,YH
1927,409-410
" C Tpojnn>BHll: BllTpl y 00....aj""" H ll<HD011' cpn<Kor 1<1po;ia. CE3, XLV,
&eo.,l0Jl19)(},S0- S1.
" V. Jagio!: Vukodlak - ltodlakV<>rGcricht . Ar<:hivf<ir olovi..,hePhilologic,V I,
Berlin 1882, 618- 620; A. H. !.lapHh: Hapo_tlHO Bjep<>Bai...c y Jlan.,aWtjK. r3M, IX,
C.pojceolS97,490- 491.
"B.\lajlWl<>ilKk:Y&ij .........nHpo .. .,280-281
======1si======
CITAJbl1BA!bE PA,Ul1 OCBETE
PacnHTyjyhH ce, 1959, yormrre 3a cnaJbusalbe MpTBHx,
ll03Hao caM y n pe.neny 3Mu jalby HCWTO oco6ttTO. MojM
o6ascwTa'IH HHCY yMeJlH ( seposaTHO HJ.ICY XTeJlH) ua MH
Hase11y KOHKpeTHe npHMepe, a.nH cy TBPJ.tHJlM ll3 je KOil
lbHX 61UJO osora : Ka.a; yMpe BHf'.jCHHjH \IOBeK, OHH KOjH ra
HHCY Tpne.rtH llOIJy na H3Bai:te H3 rpo6a new u cna.ne.
CITAJbl1BA!bE YMPJil1X O,U
EIT11,UEM11JE
CeM CfiaJbHB3lb3 ne weea OHHX llOKOjHttKa 3a Koje ce
nocyMH.aJJO Jl.3 cy n OCTa.nll saMOHpH HJlll BYKOA11aL1H ll
Koj e je 6HJ10 HajBHWe pacnpOCTpalbeHO, 6HJIO je KOil
6a.nKaHCKHX Cnosetta H cnaJbusalba n llPYrttx MP'fBaita, H
TO uenocpe)'.{Hor cnaJbHBaJbll .
.lloK cy ttawe 3eMJbC n oce!msa.ne em1i:teMHje Kyre, 6i:rno
je Tora .na cy yMpnu Oil Kyre cnaJbHBaHH. Ha nonyocrpsy
PaTy ( OeJbewuy) nojanuna ce Ky r a 1732. H, npeMa MaTH<:i·
HHM KlbltraMa y KyHH, y ceny TpcreHHKY y Mpno je 19
nuua Koje cna.nuwe. H Y Seorpai:i:y 1738, nOll aycrpujcKOM
OKynal..{HjOM, OHH KOjH cy YMPJlH OJ'.{ Hyre cnaJbHBaHll cy
aajeutto ca csojHM cwapHMa. 56 r omrne 1783. pa36oneo ce
y CnmtTy Oil Kyr e jeuatt •rpK • (Tj. npasOCJJaBHH) 113
I>ocue. lfa crpaxa 11a TY He yMpe H 6y11e caxpaK:.CH y >KHBH
Kpe<:i, Kpeue HaTpar y EocHy, antt y OKOJlHHH l(Jmca
H31.taxne H new MY OHi.ta cna.ne. n
CsaKaKo je TaKsor cna!bHBaJbll yMpm1x ou Kyre 6HJIO
smue. A.rm npno je sepoaaTH O ua ce u ue p;mH o cn aJbH-
salby MPTBHX Kao Hapoi:tHOM o611<1ajy 3a TaKBC np HJlHKC,
Hero ,o;a ce PaJJ:H 0 uapo<:iHTHM C3HHTeTCKHM MepaMa MJle-
" H . 3 . Sju<>By4Hll : TIOBltjccr nM)'OT<>f<> Pn t. (TI~JbCUl llO). C M KT 1921 , IS9.
.. J..l . j . fionoBKlt:Cp&tj a K ~ . 6roi1'AJll9S0,J.!17 .
"JopjoTOA11k: }(yra y)ly6pooH1tKy178l - 1784. Sll6.r!llOTCKOUc ....po.rm<>r><Hn<-
jcHa<or ....,,,..,4l,6eorpu;l'M0,6J.
=======154=======
Ta'IKHX, .!Iy6posa•nmx H aycrp11jc1mx snacru, jep cy CBH
TH npnMepH ca TepHTOpHja no.a; THM a,!IMHllttCTpau11jaMa.
311a•rnj110 je .na l<aTOJIH'·ma UPJ<Ba !IOnywTa c11aJbHBa1be
MpTBHX. Y SocttH, rJ.'(e cy em1.tt.e~mje Kyre 61111e '!eCTC H
r .Qe nocroje 6c36pojtta 1<y11rna rpo6n.a H o611naTa npe;:i;a1ba
o CTPaJtlllhHMa OJl 1<yre, tteMa mtcam1x noMeHa .ua cy
MpTBH on 1<yre cnaJb1rna1111. Melj}'THM, 11apo11.Ho npe.na1be
3Ha .a:a je 611no cnan.~rnaH>a yMpnux O.Q 1<yre. Y ceny
C1<yrpHtiy HOJl Mo.a;pH'IC HMa MCCTO fpe6JbHUC. To je
J<Y»<Ho rpo61be. no npe.QaH>y, yMpmt cy Ta,a:a cnaJbHBam1.
H y OHOJJHllH Kpewesa, y cpeJilbOj Eocm1, IBHBH npell.a!he
.ua 3a speMe 1<yre nemeeH yMp.rmx m1cy 1101<onaeam1 ttero
cy cnaJbHBanH.
Ta npe,lla1ba cy y csatmM CJJY'iaiy 311a<iaj11a: a1<0 r.1om.tta
H m1je 6aw Ii TY 6H JI O crtaJbHBafba, a Olla HaM OTl<pttaajy
11apo1:ma cxeaTalba .aa ce yMpJm o.u 1wre Mory HJm Tpe6a
na cnaJbyjy. AKO je H CTBapHO y THM KpajeBHMa, KO)H cy
Ta.a.a 61tm1 no.a. T ypcKoM, 6HJIO cnaJbHBalha YMPJIHX o.a.
Kyre, TO je cnalhHDalhe Bpwetto 6e3 ymuaja npmaeHHX
BJiaCTll.
Y ormcy ttaponHor mHBOTa y K y<m Ma, nucaHOM y TOl<Y
1904-1912, CT. .Urmk. H3HOCH na ce y TIOTOlbe 1to6a y
Kyti:HMa ti:yje 3a •apancKe KpacTe t (6ornlhe), on KojHx ce
MpTaaQ caropeaa.s 8 nHcaQ m1je jacHO pcKao na nu cy
T8KBH MpTB3QH y CaMHM Ky<mMa CTiaJbl!BaHH HJIH cy caMO
no Kria nocnene aecrH o cnaJbHBalhy TaHeux MpTBaQa
tterne Ha crpaHH.
n ocroj11, Mel))'THM, y Ky<mMa npenalhe na cy ncwcee
OHHX HOjH cy 6onoearm 11 yMpn11 on 6ornlha Ma3aJJH
neTponejcM tt cnaJb11earm. Moj ttmflopMaHT (Kpcro Byjo-
wemik., npo¢ecop) 06aeecr110 Me jow .na cy y Ky<mMa
t0.neojemu<a ~ (Tj. ry6asQa), HOj11 j e »meeo o.neojeH y
1<0Jttt6HUH l!Jlll nek.HHll, t<aJJ; y111pe, CTiaJbtteanu 3aje.QHO ca
CBHM OHHM '-IHMC ce cny»mo.
======o iss======
YEJIA>KEHO 11Jil1 PEJJYKOBAHO
CI1AJhl1BA!hE
l1Ma HOll Jymm1x Cnoectta o6H'-laja tt ecpoealha KOj 11
ynyh.yjy ll3 je cnaJbHB81be MpTBllX HCHalla 611no BHWC
pacnpocrpalheHO H HMaJIO urnpy npm1cuy. Pan;H cc o
o6tt4ajHMa cnaJbHBafha pa3HHX npen;MeTa Ha rpo6y 11 ot<o
rpo6a. AJIH TH o6l!'·!ajH Mory ce TYM34HTH neojat<O: i\\Ory
TO 6HTH pan;lbe KOje npe.QCT3BJbajy cynCTHTYUHiY CI13JbH-
ealha neweea, .no HOje je .nowno nocne 3a6patte cnaJb11Ba-
lhll, na na ce spurn CHM60JIH'-IHO HJIH 111alj11jCHO CTiaJb!IBa-
lbe eaMnHpa, a ,'1\0ry TO 6HTH pan;!hc HOje HCMajy HHHaHee
ec3c ca cnaJb11ea1heM neweaa Hero npe.Qcraen.ajy anOTpo-
ncjcHe H HaTaPTH'-IHC r.ml)HjCKC paD;lhC. nowTO je 06l!JbCM
npHMepa o creapH0.'1: cnaJbHBalhy JJClllcea )'TBpl)etto .r1a je
!<Oll Jy»<HllX Cnoeetta o6H'-laj cnaJbHBalha MpTBHX creap-
HO nocrojao, H TO CBC llO H3lllilX .r1a11a, llCMa 110Tpe6e, OBOM
npllJIHHOM, ll3HOCl!Tll H Te npnMepe •y6na»<CUON cnalbil-
Bafba, KaHO ra je tta3eao nOH. C. Tpojattoe11k.. Haj3Hattaj-
1111j11 np11111cp TaHeOr •y6namettor t cnaJbHB81ba je 6aw
OHaj WTO ra je 3a6ene»<110 ca111 Tpoja11om1k. y ceny Eoroje-
ey HO.a, JlecKOBQa. CeJbaQtt y TO/l'I MCCTY nane OHO MPTBaua
kpne 11 Hytt1111c .a.a cc MpTBaQ 11e 611 •nOKnap110t. CyTpa-
natt )!{CHC onacyjy rpo6 UPBCHHM HOllQCM na 30BY 111p·rna-
1.1a na HllC y tteKo .naneHo ceno r.Qe ra To6o»<e tiet<ajy na
6yne KYM 11a neHtialhy (HpWTClbY mm crp11m611), na 3ana-
JJe konau. lllaJby ott.a.a r.1pTeaua y .a,pyro ce110 .na ra
Kypjau11 y nyry ynaee, jep Kypja1.1u crpaumo TaMatte eaM-
m1pe.s9 TH o6tttiajtt ll eepoeatba nocroje H i:ta11ac y OKO-
JIHHH JiecHOBita.~ 0 H ek.y ce emue aai:tp»<aean1 Ha TaKBttM
pa.QlhaMa 11 o6HtiajttMa 1<0jH cy 11ecyMlbHBO anOTponejrnor
HJIH kaTapni<tHOr HapaHTCpa, llHH cc Mory TalrnHM CMaTpa~
TH. H311ek.y HCKOJIHHe npHMCpe o611tiaja !<OjH llCCYMlbllBO
HJJH BPJIO eepoeaTHO npci:tCTaBJbajy yfiJJa»<CHO Hml pc.r1y·
HOB8110 cnaJbHBalbe MPTBllX .
.. C.Tpojuoe>tll: ...... auo,47-48.
M JI.par. M. '&Qp!)<l!Hh: Ha OOH. M<CTy, H ~- ~ 0.'\ltO UpH!la1W) C"°'UUttlbt.
=====;;;; 156=====;;;;
Ko.o; Cp6a y OJ<OmtH H lie.ne UpKBC (EaHaT) 11 Aattac cy
seoMa >KHBa eepoealb3. y saMm1pe H eemn< j e ctpax OA
lbl!X. MalbC-Bl-IWC CBaJ<H MpTBllU MO>t<C A3 nocraHe BaM-
mtp, an11 HC'KH JbYAH HMajy BHillC H3rJJC,lt3 uero JlPYnt Aa
he nocnc cMp-r11 nocraTH eaMnHpH . IloeaMn11puke ce: .uae-
y6mta, Kypeap, HCBan.30 'lOBCK, na II 'lOBCK KOjH
Jbe HH J<,
yMpc 11anpe<1al(, 6e3 6onoeafba. !la cc MpTBau He 611
n oeaMm1p110, npeJJ.Y3HMajy cc Hapo•mTe Mepe, oco6HTO
KOil OIUI X KOjH np1manajy flOMCllY'fHM KaTeropnjaMa. y TC
Mepe cna,najy " oee .use: yna.lbe110M ceekoM npJLe 111prna-
11a, a Aa ce He noeaMn1:1p11 MpTea >1<e11a, nMe joj ceei'10M
(tOCMYJJ.C •) W13KC y Kpttny. 61 Htta <ie, Kao WTO je eek
flOMCH }'TO (ctp. 16), II y TOM Kpajy ct npH'l 3 0 OTKOnaeaJby
eaMm1pa 113 rpo6a H cna.n.11ea1Dy. lta1U1e, onCT ce pa.n11 o
crpaxy OJJ. 83.Mllttpa H 0 lbeI'OBY Yll llWTaBalby 83.TJ>O.'d ,
Koje ce 11380.llH C3MO ACJIHMH'IHO, y CM3lbeHOM ofot My,
BHWC Cl!M6oJIH'IKll.
Cp6H Ol<O .Uo6oja y 6ocHH, Ka.ti y111pc AOMahHH, cnane
lbCrony nocrelhy. 0 n oww ce nOCTeJb8 cnan.yje ca1110 H ait
y111pc AOMahmi, jac110 je A3 ce He pa,u11 IHI 0 l<3l<BOj
xttr11je11c1<oj 111epu. Bpno je eepoaaTHO na je cna1b11a a11>C
nocren.e 33MeHH110 Clla.JbUB3lbe TeJia caMor AOMail.H11a,
wro oneT roeopH y npttnor Te3C Jt3 cy ce y craptt11tt
cn3Jbtt aane caMo 11e1<e I<areropttje tUia11oea 33jeAHHUe, Tj.
llCT3KH)'T2 JlHQa II JlllQa Koja 6H y111p11a Heo6tt4HOM CMphy
llJIH ce Ha HeKH H34HH t nOKeapHJ1a• 11 nocrana onactta 33
33.je.JlHHUY·
Taj nOA3TllK 113 OKOJJllHC .Uo6oja je 336eneIBe11 npc
npeor CBCTCKOr para H 6c3 6s111>Me OOllBKC 113 Kor je Kpaja,
jep ce KOA .Uo6oja AOAHPYiY HeKOJIHl<C Mafbe cpncKe
en!ll41<e r pyne. Hacrojao caM, crora, Aa ro npoeepHM H
1959. C3M C33H30 A3 ce l<OA Cp6a y CCSUIMa 01<0 fpa•mm1ue
xao 11 y cenHMa non Tpe6anoM, ceeep110 OA .Uo6oja,
yonwTe nan11 nocrelha I<an y111pe Ma I<O, a xoA Cp6a 11a
Tep1tTOp11j11 611ewer nplb3eopcxor cpc33 cnan.yjy ce MalbC
epenHe CTDaptt CB3l<Or crap11jer 4e.JbaAeTa l<a;:{ yMpe (He H
*' MM. C. """""'-""'-·po.II,
213 .
.. Sb. 11- CX-.i• • . . _ .. &ocw, CE3, xxxn, 6corpo.:t 192S. JM.
=====;;;;1si =====;;;;
AC4je), a ape.rumje craap11 (on OAena) AaAY ce npocja.wt111a
H CHpo.'1\aCHMa.
Critt4HO cc nocryna 11 I<OA PyMyHa y ceaepottCT0411oj
Cp611j 1t: yCHjaHHM reo>Ml)eM np>Me no MpYB3llY KOj H je
cyMfbHB Aa he cc noeaMnHpHTll. 6l
CITAJbl1BA!hE MPTBl1X Y KPE'-IY
Cnan.ttea!bC neweea MO>Me Aa ce nocntrwe 11 11a .a;pyre
H34HHe CCM Ha Jl0M341i OA .a;paa ttnll yonwre BaTpoM OA
33nan.e1111x APB&. OA THX APYrHX 11a41111a, 6anxa11cK11
CrioeCHH cy npHMCfbll DaJIH ca'o\O CllaJbllBalbC noMohy
mHeor I<pc'la. KapaKTCpHCTit'IHO je Aa je raj 11a41111 np11-
Mefb11aa11 H 33 Clla.JbHBalbC YMPJJHX OA Kyre, OAMax nOCJJe
c111pn1, ll 33 cnan.tt aalbC 113 rpo6oea 113aal)e1111x neweea
llOA cyMfbOM Aa cy 11ew ee11 83.'o\llHpa HJJH BYKOA/13Ka.
Ka.tt je 1783- 1784. enaAana Kyra y .llanMaQ11j11, OA Kyre
y111pnH caxpa1bttea1111 cy y mtteo ean110. u
Y up11oropcI<oM IlpHMopjy u Kpaj111111 aepyje ce na
new ayI<oAJ1aKa-aa111m1pa Tpe6a y rpo6y 11a5oCT11 up1111111
YpllOM II ll3f'OpcT11 11erawe1111M l<pe'IOM. 65 Cr!J.14110 je y
OKOJIJ.tHH .Ue6pa, rAe cc nepyje Aa ce na111n11p MO>Me 11a Tpu
11a41111a y611rn: J.t.nll Aa ra yjeAe Qp110 nceTO Mii na ra
BaMllllPUllja y611je 113 nywI<e, HJ111 Aa y raIDCHOM Kpc4y y
rpo6y carop11. 011cau ttaBOAI! 11 np11111ep Aa cy CCJbaHH
OTKOllaJIH rpo6, 11any11Hnll BOAOM H OHA3 6au11nH YHYTPa
11eraweH11 I<pc4, TC ua raj 11aq1111 y111opHJ111 eaM.m1pa.n
6HJJO je y TOI<y npeor CBCTCI<or para na cy y f anH'IHHKY
y Kpe4y cnaJbHBartH y1o1pne OA I<Onepe: new craen:.a..n11 y
11erawe11 Kpe'I y rpo6y, na OHAa npeJIHBaJIH BOAOM. no-
WTO je TO pal}euo y3 y4cwhe 6yrapCKlix OKynau1101111x
BJ18CTll, HC MOry pehH· JJ.a Ji ii II caM nocrynaK HllCY yeene
TC anacr11 HJ11t je TO crapHja 11apoAHa npaI<ca 113 Te
o6SiaCTH.
*' Tia. P.~h: l\pmMaW<Py•)'H<.6corpo.:tl'l06,0
.. JopjoTOJIKll: ld,_. *<:I")'.
IYJ~'A. Joeod>eat<h: ~llpou<opje•Kpaj•ld. ~,XXlll.~1921,
.. M . M . & .... ~ :Jk6op•_.--.~ Vl ll ,~ 1 "9,+I
====== ISs======
0 crapocni H o n ope1my TOr Ha•mtta tte 111ory 3a ca;:ta
pdm 1111wra o.npe~e110. 4nlhettttlla je .na ce I<peq 1um
santto y npocrpaHHM 11aU111M 06nacrtt111a yonwre 1mje 11a
ceJ1y ,1rnoro HH ynorpe6Jbasao cse .no ttajuonttjer npeMetta,
jep cy Hyk.e fome JIJJOTape, 6pnttape H en., 6e3 ,11aJirepa H
HCKpC'-ICHC. n owro cy 110Jl3Lllt 0 CllaJbHBalhy no.\\oky Kpe-
'l.3 H3 npn111opcKttx Hpajesa (a H .Uc6pa1111 cy fourn y
>1mau111 ae33.111a ca OpuMopjeM JanpauCJ<or H ErejcKor
Mopa), sp110 j e seposarno JJ,a je rnj ttai.mu y THM 1<pajem1-
Ma npHMClbHBaH Kao cattHTCTCHa 111epa y cnpe•msalby WH-
pelba erm.t1.e~mje, a .na je H oc1<yi:uma .npscra Morna YTHQa-
TH Jl3 cc ynorpe6Jbasa HPC'I KOjH je 6HJIO Jl31<1UC ll,OHCTll ll
HOjH je fom jeBTttHHjll HCrO seha KOJ!lt<uma .!l.PBCTa 33
cnaJMlB31bC (M 3Jl3 je ll 33. H3pa,!l,y 1<pe<rn TpOWCHO ,ll,peo,
am1 Ha MCCTy rJ.Ie ra HMa y u306u1hy).
.UO.UATAK: CITAJbl1BAlbE )!{!1Bl1X
non1yuocn1 paitH noTpe6uo je ocapuyn1 cc H Ha cna-
Jbl!Balbe }l{HBHX, CBHpCIIY J<a3HY CMpn1. cnaJb~!Ba!heM, 3a
1<0jy ce Ii 1<0.r1 JymttHX Cnoeetta 3HaJlO H m1cauo je H
o6w.iajtto npaeo, a HOja je 11p1tMClbMLla11a caMo 11a 11e1·mM
BPCTaMa 3Jl0'11iHaua IUJH TCWJ<HX r pellIHHHa. Hncy y TOM
norne.riy Jymutt Cnoeetttt npe.1:1craeJbam1 HHWTa noce6tto,
mrna1<ae H3y3CT3K Mel)y .11.pymM ttapi:.iitHMa. 3a CMPTHY
1<33HY CII3.JbHB3ibC/I\ 3Ha II uajcrap1tj11 IIHC3Hll 331<011, Xa-
111ypafo1jce, HOjtt je TaKBY H33HY npe.Qa111)ao 33 noceeF.e-
HHllY (1<oja ce BllWC HC C~\C y;::iant) HOja fot OTBOpmrn
Hpl.IMY llJHI yUIJ1a y Kp'IMY ;:ta mtje ('IJI. 110), a OHaj KOjH
6H nOCJie ceora oua cnaeao ca ceojo111 111a-repo111 11111ao je ,r:u1
ce cnamt 33jCAHO c lbOM (4JI. 157).67 KaaoueaH>e cnaJbH-
ealbeM 6m10 je npej],BH!)CHO 3aiWHltMa y MHOntM eepon-
CHllM 3eM.lb3Ma Ii TY epcry CMpTHC H3311C npttxeaTHJla je H
KaTOJHl4Ka U.PKBa H JheHH HHl<BH3HTOPH cnaJIHmf cy MHO-
re jepemKe u >!<ette ocyMH:.tt4ette .na cy aewnn1e. IiHno je
rora tty HawuM 3C,'o\JbaMa. TaMO je m1p., 1<pajeM -rpH,!Iecc-
"4 .MopHORH~:3 »<0HHHXU1ypo6Hja.~192S, 41 , 47
====== 159======
THX rO.[{HHa xv BCMa HHMBH3HTOP )al<OB :ae Map1<Ha, KOjH
je y CpeMy cy36ujao XycuTc, Hapel'jusao 481< .na cc H3
rpo6osa HCMonaaajy H crialhyjy neweeu ceewTettttMa on-
Ty>!<em1x 36or jepectt. 68 A CBC .!lO y XVIII BCI< 6HnO je .ua
cy peitoauu cy.QOBH y 3ana,D.Hoj H CpeitH:.Oj Espontt ocy-
ljHBa.JIH eelllTHQC Ha CMPT cna.JbHBaH:.CM.
HHje CTOra BHMa.JIO HCo6H4HO )],a cy H uaurn CTapH
rmcaHH 3a}(OHH 3Ha.JIH 3a TY spcry CMP'fHC I<a3He. .U y -
rnaHOB 3aI<OH HI< O)J,pel'jusao je .ua ce cna.JIH Ha
orH:.y OHaj MO 6H y6Ho caor 01.1a, MajI<y, 6paTa HJIH ceoje
.neTe (411. 96); Tlll<O HCTO )],ace cna11u H 3JiaTap MOjH 6tt ce
11awao H3Ball rpa)J,a, y ce11y, Mao H 3JiaTap Moju 6H ce
yxeaTHO .a;a Tajno 1<yje uoea1.1 (411. 169).° Koropcl<ll cra-
TYT y cpC)J,ibCM BCKy npe.a;suljao je CMPTllY Ma3HY Cila.JbH-
san,e,l\ 3a y6ttCTBO TpoaaH:.eM. Ta je I<a3Ha npey3eTa H3
.Uy6posa4I<Or craTyra, a HHa4e je BH3aHTHjCMOr nope-
I<Jla. ?O Ka3HY CMpTH Cila.JbHBaH:.eM Il03Haje H n oJbH4I<H
craTyr 3a H3Jl:ajy, CO.!lOMitjy, 4C.QOMOPCTBO, BCWTHQC It
epa4ape ( 411. 55a, 84a, 846, I 12), BttHO.QOJtCKH CTaTyr 3a
Bpa43pe, a y 3arpe6y, CnnuTy, Tpornpy H Ha ocrpsHMa
cy.nostt cy ocyljttBa.JIH ua CJI3JbHB3Jhe 33 nan.eeuuy, ¢>a11-
cu¢>111<osa!he, y6HCTBO, HHLICCT, npeJby6y H I<pal'jy. 11
no H31UCM o6H43jHOM np3By, 33 spno TelUKC 3JI04HHC,
I<30 WTO cy H3;::t3ja H npelhy63, npHMeH:.HBaHa je CMPTH3
I<a3ua K3MCHOBafhe.'1, a.JIH HMa n0Me11a )J,3 je 6irno H CTB3p-
11or CJ13JbHB3H:.3, H TO cnaJbHBa!ha BCUITJ.11.13.
ByMO)J,J13I< je 411aH aaje.QHHQC I<Oju nocnc ceoje CMPTH
JIOCT3je WTCT311 no 3ajC)J,HHU,y, Il3 ra TCK T3)J,a Tpe6a YH H-
WTHTH H cnpe 4HTH IJ.3 )J,aJbC HC .QOCal'jyjc Hue 4HHH WTCTy
3aje1J,HHU.H. BewTHUe naK 41lHC 3110 33 IBHBOTa, H H:.HX
Tpe6a YllHWTHTH IBHBe. je)J,aH 0,!l H3'1HHa H:.~l XOBOr YHll-
WTaBa!ha, fi03HaT HC caMO KOil, Hae Hero H ,!Ipyr.ue y CBeTy,
je Cila.JbHB3fbC >!<HBHX BCWTHl(3. 0.11. cpe.QH:.Cr BCI<a cse ,!10
Y XVIII seK, na jow Hy XIX ae1<y, 6uno j e y Cpe.a;H:.oj H
" licropHj a Jyrocnaewj<,l.l><"'l"Jll9H,689.
" CT. HoBaH<>BKll:otaB.;D;eto0,203,247
'" IJ.pHl1Hi•C.K.C1HM:K""'flWIOOypel)c:..... Koropaoll;ip~II<>nOBHH<Xli110
...,......,.xv~.~!950,12'
"6.D.. r poHOB: J1om1ua. l-,\OCHBO l9Sl,2'2,272,292;V. Matunnit:Prinosiza
hrvoul<ip!1lv..,..povjc.1nirjeo!nik.Z.greb 1908-1922,608-609 (no11.:n°"'""'"l·
=====160=====
3anaJtHoi Eepornl cy.nc1<HX npoueca nponrn BClllTllUa,
Koje cy BOJJ. IUlll YllCHC cyJJ.n je II TCOJl0311 H KOj ll cy o6114HO
JasprnaeaHH ocy ~ttealbCM 11ecpelumx iKCHa. Ha CMPT c na-
JbHB31bCM 11a noMa•rn. Ta1<eux npoueca eoljcHKX no npo-
nHCttMa rntcamtx Ja1<011a H npa1<c11 ypel)ett1tx cy.11oea, a_ no
nponucuMa n o6pac1.tHMa ua.\\eTIJ)'TilM ca crpa~e, 6uno JC II
y H3WHM :JeMJbaMa KOjc cy 6IUIC ll OJl aycrpl!JCl<OM II MJlC-
Ta<H<OM ena.nanHHOM.
Y XpeaTCKOi cy y XVII 11 XVIII ec1<y, cee AOK 17511.
KOHa•rno HHjc 336pa!bCHO t'Olbt'tbC eeurruua, H CYAOBll H
CaMll Ce.Jhal.U-1 SIOBIUlll, My<UUIH H CflaJbHBaJIH . BClllTHUC.
~::PrY~~~;0rJ:J~i:a7e~~~~~!·P~~~~-~~'" B
enuy y
3naqajuo jc, ca rneromrra 1<aKea cy eepc:Ka cxeaTaJba y
OCHOB lt Te K33 HC, JJ.3 je npal<THl<OBaHO H y6na~ClbC CMpT-
HC 1<33HC BCWTllUa Cll3.Jb l!B31hl:M : BCWTllUH JC 011ce•1e11a
rnaea, na je MpTBO Teno cnan.euo ua noMa•m, H)la je 6imo
COaJbHBaa.a TCJJa BClllTllua KOjc 611 yMpnc y TOKY npoucca
yCJJCll My<tca.a. 73 • 11a3a.11a, nymTC na jc na yMpc y MyKaMa. B11no jc y 6o1<11 ll
KOJUiKO AO ca,!l,a 3H3MO, CTalbC y OHllM o6J1aCT1tMa KO)C
cy 6Jmc no11 T ypcKOM 61tno je y TOM nornC.!l.Y YTOJlllKO
6oJbC lllTO TypcKO 33KOH0113BCTBO II cy11os11 m1cy 3HaJJll 33
nume npouccc 11 ocyJJ;e, MaAa je npa31:1oscpje Y THM o6na-
CT11Ma 6yjano. 0116pa1ta on sernT11ua " llP- 6ttna (je]•
OCTaBMHa, y CTBapH, caMOM Ha po.11y, It OJI cc CllaJJa3HO_ua
csoj H34HH, Tj. nOCTynao no CBOjl!M CTaPllHCKHM o6H43Jll-
Ma II sepoealhHMa. )l{e11c, ·ocyMlblll.JCHC .!lacy BCIIITHUC, H
yxeakeHe T06ome tta 11e11y, o61t4110 ~y npona3nne c~ 6aT11-
uaMa II jaBHllM cpaMokelbCM, an11 JC It y TllM t<paJCBHMa
6Jmo 11 Tora ,!la cy y611ja11c, u TO 11a p3311c 11a<t11tte, na 11
CflaJbltB3lbeM. An11, np11Mcp11 CllaJbllB3lba >tonmx BCWTll-
ua cy seoMa peTJm, " TH cy 113 spc1o1e11a npsor ycrattt<a, na
11ttjc 1tcKJbyt.Jc110 na cc pa.nn o yr m1ajy 113 Cpcn_lbC ~B~
nc; Kapal)opl)c, 33 speMc llOK jc 6110 y aycrpHJCMOJ BOJ-
CU!-1, Morao jc C33H3Tll 33 Till<Ba 1{3>t<H>aBalb3 BCillTUUa.
~yr.111CTOj3&.,,.,.,.)"Kllof•"'1M ""°Y &)'l'OIXlllTOK"1"~IKM>.'IM<>.Yfll<P""'f
~ " --6o<n<MX1CT08""'""·(H.,..yp. ).
:: ~::: :::!Uc:;.,~~·1m.-:(!::"..=..i.).
====== 161 ======
no311an cy ca~io .nna np1t1o1epa. Hu a po4i. T1tx. P. Dopl)e-
BHk, Koj n jc OJlJlll'-lHO no311anao H3Bope ca rpa!)QM re
spcre, 11ujc 3ttao 3a ;.i:pyre npttMcpe ceM Ta JIBa. 70 Y ceny
)l{a6apuMa, no 33nostcr11 Kapaljopljeeoi - i:1aMnc y epcMe
npeor ycra11Ka - naytty, >t<CHy IlaB11a Crn11ojcs11ha, 1<ao
BCllITllUY npHBC33JIH cy y3 pa>Kalb na je llCKJIH Mc!',y .nee
eaTpc; 11ajnOCJJe, nOWTO mi jc xrena ;:i:a np113Ha .na je
sewnma, cna.n11m1 cy je 3rp11 yslll1t 011c o6c saTpc 11a lhy. a
A npyr11 jc npuMcp Tai<ol)c ll3 ror 11o6a: A11ro1111 jc n .lba-
1mk, pyn1111<tK11 oojBO.!la, ucnet<ao jc ycpe.n Kapa11oeua
(1t311ac Kpa:1>esa) !ICKY 6a6y 33 1<ojy jc qyo ,!la je BCWTHUa.
Taj np11Mcp 336cncme11 jc no Ka3usa11>y je1111or aojeo.Illl-
ttor 6nemcr MO.'l\Ka."
ronmte 1784. y KpronaMa (6oKa) crpanana je IlO.ll OITT)'-
>K6o~1 ,!la je BCWTllU3 A11!',a n cpoBa ]OK!lli. M cwTaHll cy
jc Hajnpe 6aQaJJll y MOpe. n oWTO CC 1111je yromrna, o6cCll-
Jl ll cy jc o je;:i:aH .D.YA 11 nOA }b(l.\I n0Tna.111tn11 eaTpy .na 611
110.!l. MYl<3Ma np113113Jla ,Ila jc BCWTHUa. n oWTO HlllllTa HlljC
lllllllC np11.11cpa llPYHt.JHjHX MY'ICJha >KClla OnTyH<CllHX .na
cy eewn1uc. McljyTHM, upi<BCHe u rpal}a11cKc unacru cy
cc 6op11JJC IlpoTHB rora. 77
Y fa UKy cc scpyje na eewT11ua yon wTc Tpe6a .na ce
CllaJlli, jcp Olla llC YMllpC npHJ)OJ],HOM CM pky.
H3rncna .na jc 6Jmo 11 cnaJbl!Balba >+<ueux nOTC11u111an-
tt11x ecurrnua. Jc1111a Moja ytlCHHUa, cry.nctIT rcorpa<fmje,
11ana3eh11 ce y 6om11m11 y Cnm1Ty, cnymana je on nauu-
je11TKmb3 U3 01wmmc Cnm1Ta: aKo cc JICTc po;:i:n c 1w w y-
Jb11uo.,1, fothc, Ka)t 0,!lpacre, BCllITilU 0.11.HOCHO BCWTHUa.
.Ua ce ro cnpc<t11, pa11 11je cy TilKBY 11euy cnaJb11s anu.
Hw.'lla je paw11petto scpooalbC .lla eewrnue ncTc y Btt,lly
UPHJ.IX m1111a, JlC nT11pa ii .np. AKO je HCKa T3KB3 >Ki!BOTH-
• •T""°"""P."t>opl)ta..t.:lkumu<1"""""JMIWUlll~ ..- y 1 <
npel\O"'J.CE3,J..XVI,~ L9~J,45.
"By>< Cr. K1pauM~ : Cl<}'nllo<KM ""'""!>KCl<M " ... ""'1"'¢>c"" cnMCM, 1. 6eorp&JJ.
!898,2!3
,. M..,.. .. ,,_Mll..iMll<M..t.: Il.-.UOK :IOWl<M
lml>llloYAM J cp<lC>(Onl Mlpc>;IO.-'lie-
ra~ &ccopu l SU, }.fi.
" n.....,JLw.i-ti: lln«>.....,.,~.._.- o •jcwn1UUOLn-•
KJH<l>, XXlV, ~ 19n, 2H-"'4.
======1•2 ======
Iba 3aHCTa npeTaopeua eeWTmta (owmcuo lt.eHa rtywa, no
on wTCM eepoea!hy .na Jlywa H3Jl3311 113 Tena y o6mrny
TITHUC, nenn1pa, MHWa H .np.), OHa ce MO}l(C JiaJ<o Mal)Hj-
CKH YHHWTHTH: i:teicreyjykH Ha T3KBOr nenrnpa HJIH llTH-
uy 4oee1< rtejcreyje ua caMy eeWT11uy, tt ro ua nj ua•urn
.na he je caMHM TUM y61lTH IUIH ;:i:a he je o6eJJC»HiTH Ii
Y'-IHHHnt JJ,a MY AOl)e y Kyhy, na nocne .na ce c lbOM y
npaeOM JbY!lCl<OM o6m1Ky nocryna Kao c BCWTIUt0.'11. Ta-
KBa cy eepoealba ecoMa pacnpocrpaH>ena, na hy HaBecrH
caMo 11eKe npHMepe. no
Hapo.r:ittoM eeponatbY y npertem1-
Ma faUHy H Heeccmby (11cro•rna XepQerouHHa), 1<a.a se-
WTJJJ.l3. AOl)e rta y'lmm KOMe 3110 y o6nm<y up11e nmue ttmi
y KaJ<eo.'11 Jq>yroM o6nm<y, Te •1oeeK y611je TY >mmOTmhy,
BCWTilWl MOpa yMpent. HaBCACH je je,n.a11 npllMC p 1(31<0 je
jcn,a11 'IOBCK nyuao Ha TaKBY IITHQy, II ucrora ,naHa y
o6nH>KlbeM CCJIY yMpna je 6a6a •u1ja je Ta rrr11ua 611na 3Jla
.a,yw a. 71 3a6eneil<CllO j e, TaKol)c y X epL1eroe111111, KaKO j e
.a.eeojKa, \{yeajy trn 6onec11a 6parn, 11a OnbHWTy 11cneKna
UPHY nnn.1y Koja je ynCTena y Kyky, tt cyrpaAatt y KykH,
H3 1<oje je 611na, oceauyna ne'{etta MpTna 6a6a. 79 Y Ky\{H-
Ma, a1<0 BCWTHLta .a.oljc y Kyky y BllJlY JlCTITHpa, ror
nenTllpa y6ujajy Ha Taj 11at.JHH lllTO cc onpil<ll 11a eat"p11
rum cryqe. 10 Jolll je palllHpetrnje sepoealbC: KaJJ. ce yeeqe
mm 1101\y MaKap Ka1<ae nerrmp ual)c y Kyk11, ro je BCWTll-
1.ta. Tpe6a yxeanm1 neITTllpa 11 Haropcn1 Ha rrna.'ICHy H
pe\JHMa 1103BaTll Jl3 .a.ol)e C}'TPa (Jla 33t"pail<H OOJlli HJlll
xne6a Hn H WTO .a,pyro). AKO C}'TPa.D,aH .a.ot;e KOje >KCHCKO
'ICJbaJlC ca Tal<BllM Tpa»<ClbCM H jow ca ttaropCJlllM OJlC·
noM, ro je 011na c11ryp110 eeWT111.ta. 11 Kon Cp6a non
nnamrnoM Tpe6aeoM y 6oc1111 (cc.no Koil<yxe), KaJJ. yxeaTe
nenmpa IBCUITHllY . (1111aqe n03HaTa 110.!l HMCHOM Mprna-
1.{KQ rnasa), craee ra no.a. qarny .a.a yr1me. Cyrparurn cc
MOTpH: me11a KOja jc Te HOl'ili yMpna 61tJia jc BCllITllLta, II
TaJJ.3 l\e npecraTll pa:me 11enakc.
HMa 110Metta .o,a ce 11a TaI<ae Mal)HjCKH 11a'{HH cm1Jbyjy
======1•1 ======
11 caM11 l)asrum. Y Ky'lllMa cc eepoeano .a.a l)aeon11 H333H·
eajy 6onecr •llOMUI• (XllUOXOHJlpHjy) na Taj 113\{HH lllTO
OllCCAHY 6oJICCHllKa na ra 11aro11e Ha rrna<1, CMCX, ncoeKy,
HTJl. Beh11Ha cc crapa .a.a o.a. TaKeor 6o11ecmrna ca3Ha
11Me11a l)aeona Kojmrn je once.a.11yr, jep ce eepyje .a.a 611 cc
6onCCHllK u36ae110 o.a. l)aeona II 1-13JTC\{H0 Ka.Jl 6H KO 6aLUIO
y oraH> 11cn11caHa n HMCHa. u
H eMa npHMepa, an11 cc y 11apo.a,1111M necMaMa 'ICCTO
llOMHlbC •m11ea 6yt<Tltlba • : Aa jc 11eeepua ii< CH a ltJill Maj Ka
KOja pa.i:m 0 rnaeH CBOM CllHY II CJT. Clla.rbCHa Ha Taj Ha'IHH
WTO je npHBC33Ha 33 CTy6 H npeMa33tta Jl8KO 33mlJbl-IBllM
MaTcp11janoM (1<aTpa11), unp.:
06yKllU joj UiaHaHY KOUlyJ1oy,
Ha.Mtuauu UpaxoM " KaUipaHOM,
na l<JX'""" ~ 'ltliiupu ciii~.··
TaKeor Kail<lbaBalba il<CHa 6HJJo je y ET11om1j11 .o.o 11aw11x
.o,a11a.
HMa n11ca1111x no.a,aTa1<a .a.a cy y XpeaTCI<Oj cy.a.cKOM
npecynoM cnan,uea11e meHe 36or y6ucrea Myma ll cayqe-
CllHWTea y TOMC, 3ll TCWKC Kpal]e ll y611creo, Kao WTO cy ll
MYWKapllH ocyf'.jllea1111 Ha CllaJbHBaJhC 36or $ulctt<f>HK0Ba-
lb3 HOBQa, jepeCH, HHL(CCTil II npe.n.y6e." Ta Ka3Ha MOrna
je H8CTaTH y BC311 ca npe.a,craeaMa 0 nOTnyHOM YHlllllTeli>Y
JlH'lllOCTil 3JIO'IHHl.la ll ca npe.o,craea.'!a 0 TO.'r!C .a.a 3CMJha HC
np11Ma y ce6e rena TCWKl1X rpew1111Ka 11ero 11x ll36aQyje.
Taj MOTllB je qecr y uapo.D,HHM necMaMa (ll TaKBO reno cy
OH.O.a pa311ene OTllllC - ycnoMCHa Ha ll3JlaralbC MpTB11x!).
Mano epeMeHa npe.o. 11eMa4Kll 11ana.u. 11a Jyl'OCJlae11jy, 6110
caM y ccny OpMa11y KO.A CKollJba, 14. Mapn. 194 1. Pa.3r0-
eapaj yk11 ca rpyno.\I CCJhaKa o pa3HttM CTBapHMa qyo caM
na BCJlHf<Or rpeWHHKa HC npHMajy 1111 eo.o.a HH 3CMJha,
11ero Tpe6a jla cc cnan11, n Kao npHMep TaKBOr rpeurn111<a
y3em1 cy XHTnepa . .Ua een11I<Or rpewHllKa 11e Tpe6a ca-
xpa1rnTH y rpo6.fby, HCro ll3BaH rpo6n,a HJlH CTiaJillTH,
"Ct. .n,.oo.: ...... ~'21.
' ' B)'l<Cl. KapauMlt.:Cpncwo ... poJ1100nj<CM<, 1l.6oofpo.o l9ll,12.
.. 8. ~Mh:NU.¥.00. 609 (00Jl: _.'la).
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 1~ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
CJiywao caM 11 o.n Myc;rn,'llana y Jaj uy (1958). Bpno je
paw11pe110 aeposau.e .na 3eMJba yomure He np11Ma Te.JJO
Ta.KBOr nmmjumca 11 semu<a je KJieTBa: t3CMJba MY 1<0CT11
(Tj. TCJIO, new ) H36al{Hna! •
Ha Kpajy .na noMe11eM .Qa ce cna11>1ma11.e >KllBHX cycpefi.e
Kao MOTl!B II y 11apo1.tHllM npunOBCTHaMa. y je}lHOj 11apon-
11oj llpllllOBCLtll 113 C1a1lo1111je c naJbC ll jc Ha JlO Mal.Ju OA
APBB Jby.UO>KACp , 8S a y jcmwj cp nCKOj 11p11noBCUH cc
Ka3yje o JIOMB'{H 1<0ja je 6irna cnpeMJbCUa na cc Ha lbOj
cnam1 uapesa cuaxa no rmcauoj 11apc.Q611 Kojy je 11am1cao
t)aeo, 33.MCHl-I BWH JIYKBBCTBO.'•I nJICMO uapena c1111a."
3ABPUIHA PACMATPAlhA
PacMBTJ>BlbCM noy3,!l;Bm!X BCCTll 0 CJlBJbllBBtb Y MPTBHX
KO.It JY»<HHX Cnoseua Kao H pa31111x uapo;::u mx o6w-iaja 11
ecpoea11>a y BC3H ca TaKBHM 11a4111IOM nocrynalba ca nc-
wce11Ma no1<0j111ma, nowao caM .no 11e1mx 11oettx nornena
HB CJlBJbHBBlbC KO.rt JymmtX CJ1oae11a, 1<0je je IlOTpe6110,
Ha Mpajy, IlOHOBltTH H HCTah1t.
YTBpl}e110 je ttecyMtt.HBO .ua cy crap11 CnoneHH caoje
MJ>TBC n0Konaeam1 11 cnaJb11aam1, a o6a 11a'l1-ma cy 61111a y
yncrrpe611 H MO,I], CTaPllX 6anMaHCKHX ttapo.o.a: fpMa, Tpa-
'laHa 11 J.i1mpa. 06a tta'l.Htta cy 61t11a y o6114.ajy Ha IianMaHy
11 3a speMc pHMCMe ana.o.aaHHC. H j y>KHH Wioae ttH cy
cnaJb11ean11 caoje MPTBe 11aMo jc, 113r11e.o.a, noMonaeatt.e
611110 a11we y o6114ajy. KaMo cy Ta .o.11a 11a'l111rn u tt.11xoay
11CTospeMetty ynoTpe6y ,a,011en11 it3 crape nOCToj61111e, a
38.TCKJlll 11 y 11oeoj nocroj6111m, np11pon110 je .a.a cy 011H
npOJlY>KllJIH .ua ynOTpe6Jbaaajy o6a.una, cac JlOK je 611110
ycnoaa 3a TO.
n pe ettwe on x11.n.a.uy ro;:um a jy>K1111 WioeettH cy
npHMttJill xpmuk.attCTBO KOjc 336pa1byje CilaJbMBafbC MPT-
BllX (anH cc TOJICpHCaJIO CilaJbHBalbC >KHBHX) . ,Uoum1je je
a::..JM~ Lnor: Narodn< pripovijt1~ ;, l'odpj- ZNU>JS, XI, Ztgttb 1906,
'" JlM C, 119, llCMO• Cu 1176, IUi
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=1 6S ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
jenatt ACO j y>KIU\X Cnoaeua npHXBaTllO llCJ18.'ll, KOjll TaKO-
l)e 386patt.yje CilaJbl!BalbC MpTBllX. Xp11whaHCTBO ( Kao HH
11CJ1a.'ll) 1111je, MCQ)'TnM, ycneno na 11cKope1111 cnan.11aatt.e
MPTBHX, 11 1bera j e 6imo ,a,o 11awux na11a, jep j e no
11apowio.\\ sepoaa1by 11eKe MpTae tpe6ano cnaJb11ean1.
CnaJbHBalbC new cna uenocpc.rmo nocne CMpTn 111111 11a-
1ma,o.110, nowTO cy nponem1 11eKo npeMe y 3CMJbH, na na
HCKH 11a4m1 yTnpQc110 .a;a cy ce noaaMnHp1mH, npwe110 je
yaeK pa.nu rora .ua ce O.UHOCHH no1<oj11111< y1111WTH, .ua ce
Y'IHHH 6e30nacl!HM no >KHBC 'IJiaHOBC 33.jC.UHllUC, a YHH·
urraeaH je ua Taj 11at111H ll1TO MY je TCJlO cnaJbHea110 ll
THM.e MY oneMor yhaaan AaJbH 33rpo611H >KHBO'r: .a;ywa •"-Y
nHje 11Mana ettwe r.o.e .a.a cranyje, na je oua y >KllBO'rlllb-
CKO.\\ o6JIHKY (11enn1p, IITllUa), YHllWTaeaua Ila BaTpll.
Ta1<ae HJleje cc ca,.o.p>Ke y CBllM H3JlOif<en11M eepoea1b11Ma
0 BYKOAJial(ttMa II BCUITHqaMa. KapaKTCPllCT114110 je .a.a ce
TaKBC 11.a;eje ll:Jpa>Kaeaj y OTBOpcHO y 11apo.UHllM TICCMaMa.
Y nect111 •6o11t1nh Amin 11 Jbyr11L(a 6or .a;a11 • neea cc
1<aKo j e Amtn nperno 11 npeT1by tt3epw110: tt3aa.u110 je 113
rpo6a Joaa11a B11w1b111ia 11 llaJlOif<llO ora1b .ua 611 ua lbCMy
caropeo Joaanoae •KOCTll - (Tj. Teno). Y TO CTHif<e Jbyr11L(a
Dornan (Kor j e Josan no3aao no Ky1<aettu11 .a.a Mecro 1bera
MpTBa 113111}e 11a Mer.ua11 Ammy). n owro jc nory61-10 Amt-
na, Jh yr11ua
( .•• )1<a!Mjrpa•goiUpuapiaiUUH1J,
JubaHiJNKo.:iU1tJaKoUawe,
llf>HaJW;JtCl'Ofa .. baiUpy:llCl'by,
Te raiope 5ou1111h-AJ1UAa,
na.uyiitfjaybeiUapiUyp110,
Jla.uy Ht.ua ipo6a H11.upa.uapa. "'
CnH4HO je y je.uuoj .upyroj necMH 113 ByKone 36up1<e,
r.ue ce TpornaBH Apan1111 caceHM yHHWTitBa TeK cnaJb1ma-
'C.'-T1<1 11Ut_......,...,.,,._;.~""11)'UlftKap<'1<4.ll,WTO(JOI)~
Tl ........ Jy..,..;roj --MN.•KM..,.....,."MC,_-~.( li lll.)1>.)
"BY>< Cr. Ka!*JMll: Cp~ - 11;.c.., VI, 6<orpu 19«1, lip. 7, cna
7'-79 (CTp. JO-Jl~
====== "•======
Tp11.iiiofupagplxitl)(liiflbuo,
DoKjt31CU},yhaiiipyHaA0'1CUO,
Da oipujt i~ Apaiiobt,
flaHIJ.i/OJKUiUpi.apaUcKtllraM ,
Jl11KMycbtWpuuJfopjm11i11alH,
flaK MY :Jy6l y ahaHy !UY"'•
fla" Upawmw y 6y1m1miit by"'·"
rioHa3a.JIO ce, JlaJbe, Ila H I<OA Jymnux Dweena 1tMa
Tora .a.a cc y norne.u:y cMpTu 11 caxpa11e Jby.Qn JJ;e11e 11a
pa311c 1<aTcrop11je n JW ne1<e Kattrop11je Tpe6a cnam-irn
jow Hao if<IIBC ( nnp. BCllITIU[C, TCWKC 3.110\IHHQC HJIH
rpewmnce), a APYre nocne CMP'fll, H TO: yMpne Oil 3llpa-
3HHX 6o.necr11 H JlHl.[ 3 KOja YMllPY Kao nOTC11u11jann11 BaM·
m1p11 llJIH ey1<0J't,II8QH, na ce OJJ,M3X cnllJbyjy, IUUI OOCJIC
cMprn nocrajy oaMrmpn, na cc 11a1<naru10 cna;i,yjy.
H cm1Jb1teait.e mueHx H cn an,nealbC MP'fBllX 3ac1<oea110
jc Ha HCTllM OCHOBHHM npe11craeaMa 0 3llrpo6HOM }f<IIBOTy:
TCWKOM rpewmu(y 11 onacno.\l. no1<0j11n1<y CO!IJbHBaH.ehl
TCJ13 OHCMOrykaea cc sarpo6HH >IHIBOT H }l(ffBH ce ocno6a-
~ajy o naCHOCTH H .QOC3.QC OJl !MIX, n o uapol.l;UOj crapoj
eepn, a no xpmuhaHCKOM y<1elhy COSJbHBatbeM TilKBHX
n m.ta 11n11 n0Kojm1Ka lhttMa ce ycNpakyje MorylmOCT Bac-
Kpcen.a, OHH ce CTBapHO ocyl)yjy JUI. se<111ry CMpY.
CnaJbHBalbC 11eN11x NaTerop11ja .'lpTBHX 11n11 J.KHBHX je
YCJIO BSbCllO .aouel<Jle II 11.aejaMa 0 CBeTOCTll 3CM.Jbe II 0
Marep11 3CMJbH: HeN11 MpYBH ce 11e caxpa1t.yjy y 3CMJbY .aa
cc 3C,'. Uba He 611 OCNBp11yna llJIH WTO HX 3CM.lb3. Kao TCWKC
rpew m!Ke 11ek.e na np11M11. H e npeocraje OHJl,a 1111urra
.D.pyro uero nx tt 3JIOJ.K1tT11, 6auun1 y ao.ay ( Ko ja 11 CaMa
ueke yneN .aa npHMll rn1<sor MpTaa11a) 11n11 cnan11Ttt. no
UCOMa paumpc110.11 ttaWCM H3pQJl.HO.\I BCp<>Balby, 3C~\JI.a
<ia1< llC llPHMa y jcce11 y 311MCl<O C1<pOB1!WTC 3~mjy 1<oja jc
y TOKY JICTII yjena <JOBCNa.
Muoro nyra ca.11 111o1ao npttn111<e na <1 yjeM KaKO 11e1<or
1.1oee1<a, 1<a.Q yMpc, 11e 611 T{)C6ano caxpa1mT11 y3CMJbY11ero
ra cnam1T11 11n 11 caxpattttTll 113ea11 rpo6Jbll . Cp611 y cen11Ma
n o.11 T pe6aeo.'I. CMaTpajy .Qa cy eCJt11K11 rpewmm11 01-111
"6. TI ~•<lo:Cpiace-ni«>o<IQ&octoe,lll . &corpu.1179,lSl.
====== 1•1======
Koj11 ce namuo 3aKJI1tlby, 5ccnpaeuo np11caajajy ryl)y 3CM·
n.y " en. 11 .aa rn1<ee no CMP'fH t"pe6a cnamm1, jep Hx
:re,\Uba uel'ie np11MHT11. Ta.Ko cc acpyje 11n11 roeop11 11 y
MHOnlM .n.pyr11M KpajCBi!M3. .ll.ocra je npHMCpa 0 TOMC
ylllJIO H y 11aponuc nCCMC. Ta.KO Hnp. y jcaHoj TICCMll cc
neBa K3KO Teno rpewmma ,UyKe llleHKOBHka llC np11Ma Hit
3CMJb!I, Htt Mope, na MY Teno P!l3Hene TITllQC, a y jCJ.lHOj
.apyroj necM11 11cli.e ttno n,a np11Me 11tt 3CMJba, utt eon.a, 11tt
3BCptt. 89
.ll.eo6a yMpmix 11a Karerop11je u pa31Itt'l11Ta n,11cno3m111ja
ca n ewea11Ma nojemm11x 1<aTerop11ja cycpeky cc 11 .apyrne
HOA caepeMc1rnx 11apo.n.a, na je 11ajacpoaaT1111jc .aa TIIHO
Tf)C6a CXB3TllTll II o6jaCHHTH t611 p11TyaJ11tTCT I 0 KOM TIIKO
qccro roaope apxcOJ10011.
no3H3TO je .ll.3 y3pacr, TIOJI 11 Ll.PYWTBCllll OOnO>Kaj
no1<oj11111<a ycnoe.n.aeajy p!l3JIH'IHTC .!tY>KllOCTH m11a11x
npeMa MpYBl!Ma, na 11 nocrynaK ca newee11Ma.•o Y ccny
lllaMttpnCT y H11.anj11 KOA Xllll.UYCKllX HaCTa MPTBa Ll,CJ.t3. ce
caxpa1byjy. EpaXMllllll n KO.\ITH no npammy cnaJbyjy
cnoje Mprne, CeM OHllX HOjll YMllPY o.a 3MltjCKOr yjc.aa II
Man11x 6or111t.a. K on. J.tpyrn x BHlllllX 1<acra npttMClbyjc cc u
caxpa1Mrna11oe tt cnaJLusaH.e. 0611qaj je .aa cc ocrnpCJttt,
6oraTH H ymuaj1111 c nan,yjy. Ko.11 u11m11x Hacra, Hao wro
cy ca1<a1111, M!lllraJlll ll ep1<ane, Kao H KOJ:l KaCTll MaJl!ICa II
MllJ1Hra, 1<0je cc CM3Tpajy HC'IHCTllM ( He.ao.aupJbllBllM) BH·
we je y o6111.1ajy ca xpa1t.11eaH.C. 91 Y Jlaocy, 11apoL1, KxMy
caxpaH.yjc ceojc MpTBe, a Jlao cna.n.yje, CCM aHo CMpT
HHje nacryn11na np11n 111<0M nopol}aja 111111 11ecpeh11or
cnyqaja. 91
Bpno jc 311a1.1aj1<a <1mbe11tt11a .11a cy y p11McKo .n.o6a y
cpeJUb()j Ii llCTO'l!IOj IiOCHll HCl<H MpYBll CTI!IJhCllll y rpo6y
a He Ha n0Ma1.111; a 11a 11crn 11aq1111 cy cna.n.11aa1111 ByHOW!a-
1111 jow y XIX eeKy ua roj TepttTopuj11. Ta qmbCmnta
roaopll BCOMa pC'lllTO 3ll HOHTllHyttTCT o611<1aja 11 aepoea-
,. """'"'"""n>dnrpjosmc, I.Mota hrv:otob;Z.,,.b IU6, 120-121, lJ1-lll.
,..; l~l9~;1~"J::'.'"'k: L•oriline el le dbteloppmmt <In idC<o ......... 11. h~, O
"S.C.Dub<: lndiui•itla&<. l.otldoa 19'1.124.
"J.M. llolpcn1: Aspccl>ohiU..Clikin t.-. 19SI, 106.
====== 16s======
Iba y OCHOBH THX ofoiqaja. IlotUTO cc, no m1catt1tM BeCTll-
Ma, y 6aJ11<aHc1<oj H CJIOHettc1<0j CTapmm 11 imcy cnan.1rna-
JIH CBH no1<ojH1H.{H, HCrO caMO HCKll ( paTHHUH, •6orarn-
um «, O,!lHOCHO npea1m), epno je eepoeaTHO ,!la je 11 y
crapmm HOJI ttapo;i:a KOjH cy npaKTmwea.rm o6a Ha'-mna,
ll no1<onaea!be H CII3JbllB81bC MPTBHX, iO epme110 Ha TIIM
OCllOBaMa, Tj. na cy ce o6H'.iHH CMpTHH 11 OllH KOjH fot
yMpJIH o6wrno~1 CMphy no1<0naea.im, a cnaJbHBaJJll 01111
HCTa1rnyrn (1<oj11 pacnonamy eehoM J11alj11jc1<0M CHJIOM:
rnaeap11, 6orarawtt, sewnn tc), 3aTHM OHH KOjn cy y<\mpa-
JIH 11enp11pO,!lHOM CMpk.y ( pa?HllQH) Hao H OHH I<Ojtt cy ce,
ycne.i:t rora WTO cy HM TCJia Ha HCKH H8'-HIH oc1rnp1bC11a,
m o1<sap11n11 1 u nOCTaJIH onac1m 33 w1me.
Tii1ma cxearnlba nocroje H 1:iattac, aim cc cnaJbttBalbe
BHWC HC epw11: 1<ao WTO je 110.'ICH}'TO, IlOCJJCJl,lbH 336eJ tC-
li<CllH cnyi.mj i:i:erno ce y Eoc1m 1923. 06H'·mJ je liW4C3aO
11a Taj 11a41111 WTO je cse pel)c H pel)e Bpwc11, 1<a1w je
11eCTajaJtO YCllOBa. npe CBCr a, TaKB3 BCpOBalha cy CTaJIHO
ry611na CHary ca lllHPClbCM n pOCBCTe. MHoro cy TOMC
i:i:onpHHeJJC If .11.pmaB!IC BJJUCTH II camITCTCKO H KPHBH4HO
3U!WHO.UUBCTBO ca 11pom1c11 ~\U 0 caxpaHH II 0 rpo6;LH"1a II
ca CUC BChHM II ycnCWHHjHM crapalhCM .na cc TH npom1CH
u nowTyjy. To ce DH.UH u no TOMC WTO je cai:i:a ech tt 11a
CCJJY PeTKOCT i:i:a cc ca~10y6 HL1C caxpalhyjy U3BUll rpo6Jba,
a pa1111jc jc TO 6uo onwTH o6uqaj, jep jc u:p1<aa 3a6pa1bH-
sana caxpa11y Ta1rnor 1101<ojHH1<a y ocscBcnoM rpo6Jby.
OEW-IAJ KOJIEKTHBHOr
TPAJHOr :>KAJbElhA
BcoMa je pawHpen o6w-mj i:i:a ce maJJOCT 33 i:i:parnM
IIOKOjHHKOM H3pamaaa HC caMO TyroM, nJJa'ICM H yai:i:pma-
B3ff>CM OJl. eece1ba ncro H ll:PYrHM CTIOJhallllhHM 3H3U:HMa,
oco6HTO llOWCff:,CM 11apOl!HTHX .QCJJOBa oi:i:eBe, H3BpT3lbCM
o.neBe HJlH HOWClhCM o.nehe y napo4HTOj 6ojtt KOjO,'lf ce
o6encmaea manocr, npoMCHaMa y HOWClhY KOCC H 6pai:i:c,
HTJ:l:. jal!HHa H TpajalbC T3KBOr CII01b3llllher H3pamaaalbU
manOCTH cy pa3JIH'IHTH, aJIH aaeuce yrnaBllOM o.u OJJ;HOCa
mHBHX npeMa no1<ojHH1<y: YKOJIHKO je IIOKOjHHK 6tto cra-
pttjH H yrnei:i:11HjH 'IJlaH i::tPYWTBa, YfOJJHKO ie WHpH 1<pyr
OHHX 1mjH yqecreyjy y >HaJIOCTH H KOjH TO o6eJJemaaajy H
cnoJb.llWlhHM 311aL1HMa. YMpe JIH i:i:eTe, lhCra mane ca~\O
poll:HTCJhH, H TO o6tt'lll0 caMO Kpahe BPCMC H 6e3 11apo4H-
THX CTIOJbUWlhHX 311a1<oaa. HMa 43K npHMepa .r:ta y HCKHM
KpajeBHMa poJUITClbH HC CMejy BH.11;110 i:i:a H3pamaaajy
ceojy maJJOCT a1<0 HM yMpe MaJIO ll:CTC. YMpe Jill crapo
4C1baJl,e, KOje je aeh Jl.)'6oKO 3alllJIO y roJlHHC, manOCT
1mje HH TUKO 11yra HH TaKO jaf\a 1(80 Kall YMPC HJJH nonrne
HCl\H HCTUKHyr llOMahHH ltJIH paTHtlK, l(OjH je jow 6HO y
nyuoj CH83H m tteOTa H CTBapall:>ll. y Taf\BOM CJiy'lajy, Kpyr
OlltlX KOjtl mane npowttpyje ce H Ha JhYJ:IC It meHe lt3BUH
yme po116ttHe.
y Up11oj r op!t H ltCTO'lllOj Xepl.{CrOBltHH, y o6JJaCTHMa
r.ne ce je cae llO Haumx JlUHa .QCJJMMH'IHO 04yeao mHBOT
110 IIJlCMCHJtMa H 6paTCTBHMa, OlllllTH je o611qaj i:i:a l!ltT3BO
6paTCTBO maJJH yMpJIOr 6paTCTBCl11tKa, a y l!HTaBY IIJJCMCHy
ce YBOJIH jaa11a >HaJlOCT Ka.ti. yMpe HCTaf\HyrHjlt 'IOBeK y
 ====== 110======
llJleMeHy. >Kanocr HJIH KOpoTa nporemyhe ce Ha '-HIT3BO
nneMe, 3KO yMpc HCKH HCTaKll)'T llJICMC HCK!t r nasap lfnll
crapern1111a. TaKsa onwTa manocr y 6paTCTBY Tpaje o6tit~­
HO no ro.rurny ,!ta.Ha, H 3a TO spe.'llC HllHO y ceny 0.!lHOCHO y
6paTCTey HJIH nnCMCHY llC npupe~yje HllK3KBO eece.n.e:
11e.v.a nyuatt.a, 11eMa opa, 11eMa neeafb.3. n oje.n11uQ11 ce
H3rpe6y no llHllY, a >t<CllCKC CCKY Hoey. ' Jby6116paTHhH H
H>HXoeu orpaHl.Ul y 01<0JJ1111n Tpe6mb3, y Xepueroemm,
KOjl-I ce6c CM3Tpajy UlJlCMCHOM •,a y C'TB3PH cy 6paTCTBO,
liMajy o6 H'l3j J].3 CB ll >Hane H KOp<rry jy K3Jl HM y Mpe HO Jf3
•rt11CMe11a •: •3a ro;:um y uehe 1m110 113 ,11JTeMe11a' njeean1
HH BCCCJlllTH cc jaeuo, 3KO je 1<0jH on,pacmt YMJXH. l Ko11
K~a jc 6tto o611tJaj .na cc no CMJYl'll n11eMeuc1<0r eojeone
AP>MH OllWTa 11apo.rtHa >KanOCT, f KOpoTat, y llJICMCHY no
Meceu aaua. 3 Httal{e KOJl lbllX cc je, y norneny t'pajalba
onnrre )t(aJIOCTli y 6paTCTBy, HWJ10 HCKH nyr Ll:aJbe Hero
KOJl .11pyrmc nneMeHa: aNo yMpe 'IOBeN aehera rnaca Hml
• je.nmiaN •, a;rum ce ( •NOpzyryje ce •) H no TPH roJJ.HHe. 3a
BpeMe J],Ot( ce NOpOTyje, HH yNyhaHH, HH 6paTCTBO nONOj-
HHt(OBO ce He npeo6na4H y llOBY 0,[lehy, HHTtl ral)ajy
HHlllaH, llHTlt ltll.Y Ha cnane H CBaJI.6e, a peTt(O HIJ.Y It Ha
cNynose.'
Jlec11 JlH ce JJ.B 33 BpcMe TpajaJbll ruJeMeHCNe it<aJIOCTil
llnaN 6y1J,e 1<3NBO NptuTelhC HJJH caa.u6a HJlH t(31<3B llPYrll
seceo JJ.Oral)aj, t<aJI.a je o61t'laj ll,a cc JbYll.H nposecene,
BCCC.lbe cc npoae.ne WTO MHpHHje .na cc He 6H Yt:EHHHJJO
Ha>Kao po.ny H3 t<Ojer je yno1<ojeuu HJJH Aa HM He 6tt
3aMepuno nneMe. 1 Koll. Ky•ia cc ryl)a >t<aJIOCT nowryje y
TOJJHNOj MCPll J],a II CBBTOBH 113 ll,pyror cena, l<a,ll HaHl)y
NJ>03 ceno 1<oje je y >f<B.nOCTil, H3 na>KlhC npecraHy neaam
H fl}'llam, na H 6apjaN casujy 4HM uac:ryne Ha 3eMJbHllITC
TOra cena.•
u..'..!;.!;..~~':.~;.!:,:;:6,:;;:..~t:;~~~,;!
&m~. c.p.joo 19U, 404; Ol!pe11 1:.ypd-Ko.-<11: tuy.., flospm • 3fl'IU'.
CE.3, V, 116.
ro11:.!. ~~~~~~~11~,..np1UD11ay6octlo•Xq>11<-
']. Ep--1111: K,...., ,..,.. ... , Upttoj rop11. CE.3, Vlll, llS.
'CT. .n,..11h: lKooT • o6M'Ai11 MU<,.. Kru. CE3, XLVlll, Z61.
•1. u........... ,.,. , _.~,6n
'CT. .11y><Mll:,.._..OOCC'fl'.
======~1 11 ======~
06H4aj .na 41tTaao 6paTCTBO HJIH nneMe jaauo >t<aJIH
cno r llCTaNHyror 4JJaHa HHje Hl!Na1<sa noce6Ha OJlJIHKa
xep ueroaa'INHX 1t Lij)Horopct<Hx nneMeua: Taj o6H4aj no-
croju It NOA caapeMCllllX Ap6aaaca, a HCTO Tat(O II KOil.
Ml!OrHX 1J,pyr11x Hlll4C311HX It caspeMeHl!X Hapoll,a. 4naHO-
BH 6paTCTaa o6aae3HH cy na ce Mel)yco6tto n oMa>t<y 11
6pa11e. Oooi61tja Hnll CMP'f tlJlll ,[1pyra Heepefia j e.11.1mr
6paTCTBeHHt<a 1111je crsap 1<oja ce TH'le ca~m H>erose yme
nopo.11.11ue uero ce Tillie 41tnsa H>erosa 6paTcraa, na H
nJteMClla, II OCTaJIH cy tl)'}f<Hll ll,a ra nO.\\OrHy, aKO MY
113rop11 1<yha un11 npomuUte cro1<a, 11 1J,a ra csere, a1<0 ra
HCKO pam1 llJlil yfot je. Om1 cy, crora, CBH IJ.Y>t<HH ll,a
yt:1ccrayj y H y >l<aJIOCTH 3a jeJtHHM 6paTCTBCHlll<OM.
Jow je WllPH Kpyr OHllX t<Ojll y t:1ecrs yjy y >t<3Jl0CTll II
uoce cnon.aw1bC 3Ha1<e >f<aJIOCTll y cny4ajee11Ma CMJYl'H
una.a.apa HJJ11 4J!aHOea BJta,1J,apc1<e 1<yhe, Katla ttacraje o n-
WTa »<9.JIOCT y ll.P>t<3BH HJllt Hapony It orpoMaH 6poj JbYIJ.11,
oco6HTO aojc1<e, HOCH cno.Jb3.tulbe 3HaKe }f(aJlOCTll. To je y
CTBap11 caMO o611'1aj 6paTCTBCHll4t<Or HJlll nneMCHCt<Or
3aje11111t4KOr >1<aJbelba, t<OjH je npomllpell Ha t:EHTas y
.npmasy 11 Noj 11 ce ca.ua ue npwH ron 111<0 .no6posoJbuo u
CnOHTaHO l<OJIHKO npHH YJlHO H no nHC3HHM nponHCHMa.
lie3 o6311pa 11a TO t(OJlHKll je Kpyr OHllX I<Oju y4ecreyjy
y >t<aJIOCTil, o63HJ>OM Ha TO KO je 6HO IlOKOjHHI<, TO >t<aJLC-
lbC ll HOWC!be 3Ha1<oea >t<aJJOCTll HMa, no npaBHJiy, npH-
BpeMCH KapaI<Tep: OHO TPaie CaMO onpel)eHO BpeMe, KOil.
Hae o61tt:1110 'ICTp,necCT ,[laHa, nona rowme HJIH roromy, a
ca.\\O crap11jH JbYD.H It >t<CHC uoce •ItPHllHY • 33 HCKHM
BCO.\\a 6n1tCKHM II nparHM CJ>0,!1,11111<0.\\ cee no ceoje CMPTH.
TaKO je KO.I::[ 11ac, a TaKO je H KOil. MHOrltX JJ.PyrHX Hapo,[13.
H, TO je cacBllM np11pot1HO.
6111-.c on llHTCpeca aKO Ha HCKOJJHKO npHMepa H3 name
crap1rne nOKB>t<CM KOJJHI<O je crap o6H'·laj onUITer uapon·
HOr )f(a.Jbelba ll I<BI<O je OH epmeH. EHorpa$ CB. Case,
Teo,1J,oc11je, onHcyjc seoMa >t<HBO I<BKBa jc 6HJia eenmra
)f(aJJOCT na D,BOpy HeMa!hHHY no OIJ.JJBCI<Y PaCTI<a y Ce.
f opy. KaJI. cy sell. J>O,[lHTCJbH Ca3HaJlll r.ne HM je CHH It
npHMHJJH OJl !bCra IlllCMO, H>eroBO CBeTOBHO one.no H
0,!lCC'ICHY KOCy, OHll cy ny6o1<0 }t(aJlHJIH It CHJJHO nmll<9JIH
 ====== m======
•ca CBHMa 6,1aropOJl.HHMa •: •TyronalhUMa, 1<ao WTO je
o6Hllaj y cneTOB!baKa, YJ<331rnaxy IlOWTY M.lla,!l,Hhy, H CBH
J<OjHcy foum IlO.!l BJiarnhy Jl.pmaae lhl!XOBe LIPHHHOM
caocchaxy c rocnoJlapeM cnojHM, H na llJl34CM HC JlYJbllM
npH<ty, CBH 3HaTe, 1<a1<0 M8Tll, OTaU It 6paha JlO CMPTH
arn.ne 3ll T!IKBHMa. • ' Pacnca-Caey }f{aJJHJIH cy, JJ;a1.me,
K!l,!l, je OTHWaO y MOHaxc, llC C!IMO lbCr0BH po.uwreJbH He r o
Ka.Q je
11 lt.HXOBH no.i:i:attHUH llCTO onaKO 1<ao na je yMpo.
yMpo necnoT CTect>att Jla3apem1h, 19. jyna 1427, Hacrana
je BeJllU<!I }f{!IJlOCT y 'IHT!IBY ttapo,ny. no pC4HM!I iberOBa
>f<HBOTOilHCQa, Ko11crattnrna <l>Hnococt>a, nope.r:i: ocranor,
• (lhYll.H) cy ;mua rpe6m1 H BJl!ICll TP3!1Jll!, H CBC CBCTJJC
XaJbHHC H3MCHHJlli cy. Jcp MCCTO ~lllOl'OCBCTJIC o.uem.ae y
BpeTIIWTa (cy cc o6JJ!l'-llUH1 ) Ii jow OBO, !IKO cc r.ue 3a6!1'!C-
H!I HHO'H<!I (xaJb1rna) m1je Morna .Qo611n1, yaeewH Ha .neno-
ee uenaxy je, Ta1<0 ,1:1a cee Heo6Hl!HO 6y,1:1e y H3MelbeHHM
npHJUH<a.l!a. KoJhHMa cy (rpHBe) pe3aHe H OCTaJIO ... • y
noce611oj rnaett KoHCTaHTHH ormcyje onrmj maJIOCT y
I>eorpa,u;y: •A Ha OHHMa KOjH cy y rpa,1:1y (Tj . y I>eorpan;y)
6HJIH, H3Hemma ce BH.Qena qy.nua npoMeua. Ceerne XaJbH+
ue (3aMetbeHe cy) QPHHM3 o.n csttjy, yjeJJ,HO mette H .o;eua H
cacrasHBWH 1<ao 36opoee, J:1.0J1a3Hm1 cy npen uaj1<pacuttjH
neop 6narol!acrueora ... , 3
O ope.it Ta1<eor onuner H<aJbetba HenocpenHo nocne HC·
CTllHI<a IlOWTOBaHe H BOJbeue JIH'IHOCTH, .no OJlWTe mano-
CTH MOrllO je JJ.OkH H ,IJ;OQHHje, O.r:tHOCHO ,[lO o6HaBJba!ba
omure H<aJIOCTH. Ta1<0, no HaponHoM npen a!h y y ceny
HeponHMJby, ua Kocoey, 1<aJJ,a cy Hepo.a;HMJh3HH BH.r:tentt
na je kHBOT Qapa Ypoma y Manacrnpy npa3a11 (nornro je
lber oeo reno o.a;uero noky y <l:>p yrnKy ropy) , y 31131<
H<aJIOCTH, JbY.r:tH cy Kane OI<pe11y1111 u3ona1<0, a nceoj1<e ce
3a6pa,u;Hne UPHHM Map3MaMa, H CBH cy ce y 11ajsekoj
H<aJIOCTH spaTHJIH y ceno. 9
y H3BOpHM3 ce He eenH HHWT3 0 TOr.1e l{OJJHl<O je
Tpajano Tal<BO onwTe ttapoJJ,uo maJhelhe.
' M. 6awMh: CHJ>< cpnc""6Jrori>a¢'Mj<, l. CE3, 6eot,>u 1924, 99-100
l l7'.._~lis"."1KPNORHh: CraJ>< Cp11C•« 6KO<"pO¢<tje xv H XVI! """"· Cl<3, 6t<>rpu 19}6,
• T, n. CrntKOllHh: IJynre 6<.."w"" no Cnpoj Cp6>rjM. 6eoti>u 1910, 60.
====== 111======
Hasewky jow jeJ:J,aH npHMep, H TO H3 uoettjer epeMetta.
fO)]HHe 1799. yMpo je KOHCT3HTllH, O.l!ltJbeHH HryMaH
MaHaCTHP3 CTy.neHHQe. Ta.rta •no.nttme ce cseon wTH nn3'1
H J.«aJIOBaH>e He caMO y MaH3crttpy, eek H y ceoj Hrurnju
Cry.neutt•moj . . . Cett, H MaJIO H eenmw, n MyllIKO H
»<ellCKO noepse 1< CTy.r:teHHl{H J:J:a n01<a>t<y 6naJ.f\eHOM ouy
CBOMe H CBeTOj J:i:YWH Jher oeoj CBCOJlWTH IlJl3'1 H CeTOB3·
!be. . . Illlal! H ptt,ll;albe 3ll OBIIM 611ameHHM Mymer.1 H
OillllTIIM JJ.YXOBHHM OUCM llOJ:i:06HO je 6HJIO OHOMe onnaKH·
s31by AneHctt.ja 'ICJ1ose1<a Eomuja no npecrasncuujy H>Cro-
BOM y po.n11TCJhC1<0M .no.'iy .. Y roj onmrenyweeuoj m3.
JIOCTH yl!Hlte l<MCTODH H 3H3MeHHTliX .uo.,1083 CT3pewm1e
JJ,orosop Mel)y co6oM JJ,a ce uena Ta ro;:uma y J.f\aJIOB3H>Y
npoee.a;e. H I<aO WTO je o611'13j )]3 naCTHPH H ocrana
Mna.rte»<, tt..n;yk.tt no J:J:y6pas3r.1a H no roptt 3ll CTOKOM y
pa3JIH'.J.He ceHp1<e CBHpajy H necMe ncoajy, ca.n ce Ho ro.,1e
.a;oroeoptt uapoll: H csa1<H ll:OMak.11 crapeWHHa Mn31)H~\a 11
cponnttMa ceojHMa y ll:OMY 3a1<aJ.f\e H 3anoee.ntt .ua HHTl<O
uc cett.pa HHTH neea 3a ro.nimy .o;a11a, Koje 3attcra H
YllHJheno 6y.uc 11 uena ce roJJ,ttHa y cseonUITeM TyJ.f\e!hy
npoecJ:J:e, H l!ttH>arne cc .na eek. till THQC no roptt He
nojy _,io
Taj noc;1e.a;lbH npHMep je o.u oco6HTa 3Hal.Jaj3, jcp je
cnottTaHOCT OllJly1<e Hapo.a;a H.3 01<omrne MauaCTHpa Cry.ne+
HllQC HCCYMJhllBa: 6imo je TO y epeMC 1<3.ll. je uapo.u y TO~\
1<pajy }f{HBeo npenywTCH caM ce611 H 1<3.!l, cy CBCWTeHHQH
H yrne.r:um AOMali11HH 61111H jeJ:J:HHll uapoJJ.HH r11aeap11 11
npc.D,BO.ll.HllQH. Hapo.IUie npB3Ke y TOM 1<pajy HHje HMaO
1799. 1<0 .na uarua 1111H Haroaoptt .ri.a npornace onwre11a+
POJJ.HY J.f\aJIOCT 33. HryMaHOA\ KoHCTaHTllHOM, H OHH cy
nocrynHJlH y cseMy py1<oeol)cHn ceoj11M ocek.aJhHMa H
onwTHM Hapo.r:urnM ue caMO pacnonoJ.f\e11>eM uero 11 nojMO+
BHMa Ii o6H'laj11Ma 11ac11eljeHHM 113 BeJJHl<C crapm1e.
HewTo cnH'IHO ce je .uec11110 11 no'leTl<OM XX sc1<a.
re.ueoH Map111i, 1<anyl)ep, PO.UOM H3 CTpHjenoJha, CTC1<30 je
ee11111<11x 3llCJiyra 3a MHOre MaHacmpc: 1876. je cnacao
,. n o npCTlll<")" T Mx. P . Dopl)<BNlu. (rH"I, XLVll, 177) K> ll¢..U r<pacMM rropHi<·
eitn.:3HO.""HHf1<;>0rai)a>oHOaiccp6<:NCl!C'T'Qpi<.~1838,89-91.
=======11•=======
Mr11Ieweey, 1902. o6HOBHO 6alby, o6HOBHO je H Dypl}ese
CTy6osc J<Oll SepaHa, ro;:i:. 1904. Hlliao y Pycttjy .!la cHyn-
n.a npttnore, HTR CTCKaO je semrny nonynapHOCT y centt-
Ma OKO MaHac:rnp a Ealbe, TC cy CCJbaQlt H3 cena OKO
lberQBO HMC ynttCHB3.JHI y ceoje <UlTYJbC, l<aJl: je yMpo
ttaCKOpo nocne ceor nospaTt<a H3 Pycuje.
AaneKo tta ceeepy Oll CTy11ettmte 3a6enemett jc 06w-1aj
.aa CBll y ceny >KaJIC Ha oco6HT H3'1HH Hall HM YMPC
CBClllTCHHJ<. Taj nOJ:J:araI<, aa6enemett J< pajeM XIX ee1<a,
o.u 311a1.1aja je, jep jc 113 K8TOJlH4KOr 1<paja. :>Kette y ceny
Oro1<y, y CnaBOHiljH, HOCC pa3JIC epcre KOWyJba, npeMa
npttmrnaMa. H Majy KOrnyJba cear.1:1aw1Dnx H no1<ajm1x.
Iloce6tta spew je I<Olllyn.a •OJtib HQa «. To je 06H11tto
ee3etta 1<owyJba, nattetta 1urn naMy<rna. Hoctt cc y a.QBettry
H y I<OpH3Mll (6oarn kH.CM H yc KpllllhCM nocry y KaTOml'l-
KOj LIPKBH), y npHCBC'-lajttMa, 1<a.Q ce 1<0 tt C1<ajasa ttml l<a;:{
ce .nane1<tt pOA 1<aje, a H OHAa 1<aA y n ocneH AaH xolie Aa
noxoAe 1<ora 6on.er. T a KOUJy!ba ce o6na<m ll a1<0 mynHHI<
( napoxttjc1rn cseurremrn ) y ceny yMpe: n pse HC.QeJbe 1<ajy
ra y TaKBOj KOUJY!bll. y KOM co1<a1<y yMpe MOMaK mm
.Qenoj1<a, 1<ajy ra npee He,!l.en.e ACBOj Ke y OlllhttJ.tH . .Ueeoj-
Ke 4CCTO 06y1<y OlllhHitY H Ha y 1<on. 11 y Oro1<y, .i:i:a1<Jie, a
eepoBaTllO tt y llPYrHM cemtMa 01<0 BttHl<OBa~. HOWCHa je
Hapo<rn Ta KOUJYJb.3. y >f<aJJOCHllM np1rnH1<aMa, a Ka;:{ yM pe
csemTeUHK y ccny, no o6 tt 4ajy jc HaCTajana onurra ma-
nocr, Kojy cy H3pamaeantt Ha Taj Ha'IHH Aa cy CBC /KCHCKC
y ceny HOCHJie l<OWY!bY 0,!llhHity.
H KOA lll0Ka1.ta y Ea'l1<oj H J.taHac ena.a:ajy llCTH ofo14ajtt
1<ao H KOll lllo1<aua y Cnaeottttjtt: H KO.It lbHX cc pa3Jltt'IH-
Ttt CTYillhH J.l(aJIOCTH, •Kajalba•, H3pamaeajy pa3JIH'IHTHM
xa!beJ.tHMa. A 1<an je y Ea'IKOM Monowropy, npe s ttwe
ro,Qtt Ha, YMPO lhHXOB CBCWTCHHK •rocno.i:tap • Ecna, KOjH
JC CTCKaO 3HaTHilX 3aCJiyra 3a KaTOJIH'll<Y 1..1.PKBY y MCCTy,
'IHTilBO ceno r a je •Kaj ano •, H TO yMepcno, Tj . meHCKC cy
HOCHJie J.tpHe MapaMe, 6cne WJJyp1rne, wapcHC CYKtbC H
CKpOMtte npera'le.
n ope,!). THX H Tak'.BllX npHMCpa, KOjH cy 1.tpn eHH H3
"J. Lovr<:ti~ : Otok (u Slov<niji).ZN20JS,ll, 3..,,.,ti, 1897, 161
====== m======
l!CTOpHjCl<HX H3BOpa HJIH H3 JJO}(aJIHOr npe;::talba, Hasewfiy
tt jeAaH oco6ttT npttMcp H3 ttapo.i:i:He necMc. Y 36ttpitH
nccaMa H3 JI1:11<e H Eattttje, lllTO jy j c 06jae1w Hm<oJJa
Eatt.e Eerosttli., ttMa necaMa t Up1<sa 11a KpcMetty•, r Ae ce ncsa
1<aKo cy Typ1.t1t nonanttm1 KpcMeH H 3apo61tn H 1<pa.n,esy
Aeuy: n eny jalhy o):( ce,!laM ro,!ltttta H Mtt jajnttfui y 3enettoj
cmrnu,n a
OgoHoiago6aH1cp1WHoia
CaticeKpeMlHYlif'H03abWJ
HurU'iijeba"'t HU KO.llllUipa"'e.
Ta1<sa >t<aJJOCT je Tpajan a r o.Q1tHaMa. M et)yrttM, 3apo61be-
Ha ;::teQa cy 6ttna TC cpeli.e .i:ta .QOCrmj y Ha ABOP Typc1<or
1.tapa 1t .r.ta ttx on nocttn tt . IlocJJe .QCceT romma, ]alba
OT1<p11je 6paTy Tajtty 1bttxosa nope1<11a H Harosoptt ra
,!la 6cme . Eci+:eli.11, .uomm1 cy JW je)J,J1or eenm-mr TJO.lha
IJUozio111yc1111uaMo6aKuzir'Uu,
}/(eiiiea'9'Ylif'llOWbuUiu.
•Eo:JKjy zioMoll! • uJmoj Mo6u 1baftu
EcryHUH cy MOJIHJIH M06y Aa HM .r.ta.a:ny BO.r.te, a Mo6a ltX
yny li.yje y 1<paJbeB .i:tBOP (.QOM lhHXOBllX PO.i:tHTCJba) rne ce
411He BeJtHKC f3a;:J;y >1<611tte t : seli. ,!l.eccT ro,a;,1ma, OTKaKo cy
T yputt KpcMeH nonamum tt Kpa!beBY ,a;,euy 3apo61rntt, y
nsopy ce csaK0.'11. llaie •npe.n llYlllY • KpaJbeBe ACQe, na li.e
ce .i:tant tt lbttMa. 12
3aHHMJhHBa je, Mel)}'THM, H BCOMa 3Ha'la j Ha no jaea ;::ta
1<0.i:t JymHHX Cnosctta, oco6 ttTO 1<011 C p6a, tt Ha1111tx cycc-
na Ap6aHaca HMa tt ro ra .o:a craHOBHHlllTBO 'IHTilBHX npc-
.Qe.na H o6nacrn 'lyBa CTOJICli.ttMa y llOWlhH ycn oMeHy Ha
CMPT Haporornx sol)a tt jyHa1<a 11 Ha ttecpcli.He noral)aje tt3
n polllJIOCTlf c s oje. D ojaea HCllOBOJbHO 3ana>1<en a H jo 111
ttco6jawlbeHa. Ca6pao caM o TOMe .nocra nonaTa1<a, 1<oje
ky OB.QC 1t3HCTll 1<ao rpat)y 3a no311aealbe uapo.o:Hor >1<11-
BOTa 6an1<aHCKHX ttapona.
 ====== 116======
Kapai<Tcp11cr114a11 .ueo ~1yw1<c ap6a11aurnc 11011nbe jc
1,1yp.u1111a, KpaTaK ry1b ca I<paTJmM pyJ<aamrn (Ao natrnrn) a
BCOMa WHpOKOM jaHOM, OA KOje MO>i<C .ua ce 11a•mm1, KaJ:{
je p~aao apeMe, 1<y1<yn.atta ( •hynaB1<a •). Ta1<aB ry1b 11oce
11 Cpfo1 y Ma1<e.ri.om1j11 y o6nacni .UOA1tpa c Ap6a11ac11Ma,
a uapO'IHTO y AC6apc1wj CTlm4HOj 06Jrncn1 11 roplbeM
n oaap.uapjy. 3oae cc pa31mM 11Mc1111Ma: rylbtte, kcae,
IJYP.UHHa. fioje je MpHC HJ!ll QpHC. OnuITe je npe.!lalbe HOA
Ap6a11aca na je Taj xa.rhCTaK tt 6ojoM 11 HpojeM ycnO.\\Ctta
11a 1M1xoaor 11apo1111or xepoja C1<e11JJ,ep6era: o611•mo ce
t<a)i{C ,1:1a je ocrano o.u C1<e11.uep6era na 11oce 1,1yp.u1111y H Aa
je ttoce y 3Ha1< manocrn 3a lbHM, na .a;a je crora MpKe 6oje
11 1<panmx py1rnaa. Y M11jau,tt y .uc6apc1<0j o6nacru noao-
JlC Taj XaJbCTaH y BC3Y ca CKCH.QCp6eroM. y ll,e6py If y
lbCrosoj OKOJIHHH caM cnywao .ua ce HOJl H>ttx r.iana 1.1ptta
1<ana (cn wnia 1.1pttoropc1<oj, arm cacsttM 1.1ptta) H LIPHO
ryH>l.JC tum fiene ttoce no ttapc.r:16tt C1<e11,!1ep6erosoj a y
3Ha1< Ji{aJIOCTH nocne mu:ia Ko1,1a1,nrna, Jberosor rnasttor
yrnpljelba. HaMMe, MHCllH ce JJ.a jc Ko1,1a1,1H1<, 1<0jtt jc H3
Typc1<or BpeMe11a, ttCTO WTO H C1<e1mep6eros CsernrpaJI.
PattHje je 3aficncIBCHO npe,!1a1bC H3 .UpttM1<011a no 1<0M
Cp6tt H Ap6aHactt y 3ana1:moj Ma1<CJJ.OHHjH H y Ap6aHHjH
ttocc llPHO ryH>'lC H3 IBanocrtt 3a ca.1-1HM DypljcM KacrpHo-
THkcM (C1<eHJICp6eroM) 0 Ta1<0 ttcro, H T. CMttJbattHk
H3HOCH ,!lace 1<0.Q Mttja1<a LIPHO t 306aHl.JC I HOCH y 3H3}{
IBaJIOCTH 3ll C1<c11.!lcp6eror.1. 14 Pye H. Jacrpe6os jc rn1<ol}e
3llficJlCIBHO .!la ce J,IYP.!IHUa y npu3pCHCl<Oj f optt, 1<0.!l
MYCJJllMatta cpnc1<ora je3tt1<a, HOCH H3 IBaJIOCTH 33 C1<eH-
.!ICp6eroM, a Tal<O HCTO H l<OJ1 Ap6a11aca y npe.!lcny MaTy. 15
D ypalj KacrpHOTHfi-C1<CHJJ.ep6cr (01<0 1405-1468) jc
JIHl.JHOCT 1<oja npHna.!la H Cp6Jrna tt Ap6attac11Ma 11e caMo
no TOM npc.!la!by: 6110 je 011 CHH ap6a11aw1<or s11acrentt11a
Hsa11a Kacrpuorn H jcm1c Cpmun1>e 113 flo,1ora, a y cRojoj
snacrtt jc .Qpmao ap6attawKe 1<pajesc OKO MaTa 11 Ta,na
" )08~ P. l'py jHll: 0,o HU cy IKl~C.11t 110CMTM Cp&t H A p1<aynt y 31111UHOj
M•M<Jl<»IHI"" A."16a""'" """o '"l""~• . Kopeu1t~, ll ,
,. T . C..1t:1.>1rn~: M1ti>JLH, r0p11• r.: ... " Man poR<MO l'lon.e.
" H. 5ICTpdio,..,.; Crapo C<pe;r.. H An<io11r... C"°"<HHK CKA,
~ 1, HJ .
====== m======
cpnrne Kpajcsc OKO .Uc6pa. fo10 je y cpo.!IHH'll<HM BC33.Ma
ca cpncKHM KHC30M J1a3apoM H Up11ojcsttkttMa. Tipe.!la11>e
0 C1<c11.a:ep6ery, y BC3H ca HOW!bOM, i'>IOrJIH cy .!le6apc1<1l II
np113peHCKH CnoBCHH IlPHMHTII OJ1 Ap6a11aca, aJill jc MHO-
ro sepoBaTHHje na je TO npc.QaH>C H l<OJ1 jCJ11lHX H l<OJl
}lpyrttx uacrano tt CTOspeMeHO H H3 ttcror H3Bopa, nowro
je* TO 011 crapHHC [y THM] o6JiaCTHMa CJIOBCHC1<0-ap6a11a-
w1<a ctt,\\6tto3a.
no CCJlllMa 01<0 CKOIIJba, il<CHC, y 3H3K l+<aJIOCTH, no
npaBHJly, HOCC llPllC MapaMe, l<OjHMa ce 3a6paljyjy. Bek
npl!Jml<OM MOjHX npBHX e1<c1<yp3uja no CCJlttMa 01<0 C1<on-
Jba, 1929, nano MH je y O'IH .ua je seor.ta BCJlHK 6poj >+<eua
1<oje 11oce up11e MapaMe. Kan caM nwrao, y ccny fop!bCM
JlucH'ljy, na n 11 je 3attCTa rn1<0 senm{ 6poj nu1.1a yMpo y
ceny y TOl<Y IlOCJ!C}libllX MCCCQll, na .r.ia CTOra rOTOBO CBC
IBCHC HOCC llPHC r.1apaMC, o.r:1r osope110 Mil jc .ua meHe He
HOCC 1.1p11e MapaMC H3 }f{aJIOCTll CaMO 33 csojHM no1<ojm1-
L1ttMa 11ero .!la cc llPHC MapaMe HOCC no o6tt'!ajy II y 3H3!{
}f{aJJOCTtt 33 norn611joM 11 nponawhy tta Kocosy! Y npstt
Max HHC3M TOM o6jaWlbC!bY IlOKllOIUlO nyHy naIB!by, aJIH
caM H JJ.OlUJHje HMaO npHJlHl<e .na 'lyjeM HCTO, nocJJCJ],lbll
nyr 14. MapTa 1941. y ceny OpMauy, rJJ.e MH je pe'leno JJ.a
Qptte MapaMe ttocc OTJ<aKo je nponano •Hawe !tapcTBO ~ na
Kocosy: !<a.rt ce je 'IYJIO JJ.a je nano 1.1apcrso, cse IBCllCl<C
cy 3as1111e 1.1p11e MapaMe. TaKo je .UuMmp11jy Us. rowes-
c1<0,"' npul!aO jow tbCroa .r:1c.n.
Morno 611ce110M11Cll11TH .aa je Ta1mo npe,1.1a1i.c y rnwn mm
C1<011Jba 11aCTano noil, yn11.1ajcM cpnci.:c t nponara1111c 1 .
McljyrHM, Taj yruQaj HC J],OJJ33H yonwTe y o6311p, ll TO ll3
smne pa3Jlora. O pe csera, cpncKa nponara11,na mije yon-
wTe 6ttna BCWTa TaKBIIM ll3'11lHHMa pa.Qa. Jlpyro, T31<BO
l1peJ1albe je crapnjc 0.!l MOJ1CPllllX cpnCKilX WKOJla Ha TJIY
CTape Cp611je H Ma1<eJJ,ottuje y cacrasy 6ttawe Typc1<e,
Kojc cy llOl.JeJie .r:1a ce OCllHBajy TC!< y JJ.pyroj nOJIOBllHH
X IX aei.:a. Tpehe, u ttajaamttuje, npeJJ.albC nocrojtt y
cenmta Koja cy .!IO 1912. npuna.naJJa cr3apxlljll 11 HMana
I~, IJ]
CE3, xxxv, J~
XVI, 1904. • Pc~ cy Kojy )• • )'TOI> OB.a< yROTp<()Ho 311.~ 0 HH n H """' Cll j < UJ1'(> i< rµa.~ an<~KH
11cnpaBH1tjo. (H an. yp. )
====== 11s======
6yrapcKe Wl<OJJC. Haj3aJJ., CJJH•rna npeAalb3. nocroj e 11 y
JJ.PYrHM 1<pajes 11Ma, w ro 311at.J11 Aa ce pll.1\11 o nojae11 Koja
je onwru ja 11 crap11 ja.
H y Kpajy 113M.cijy KpaTOua n Ko•mia e11a.na o611<1aj wi
meue Hoce up11e MapaMe ua ma im. J eJJ.aH MOj n p 11jaTCJb,
1<0j 11 j c pam1je 6 110 n poct>ccop y Kparoey, Ka3Heao Mii jc
JJ.3 cy lhCMy 1914-19 15. o6jaunt.aearm J:ta cc Ta Qptmua
HOCH 36or Kocona! Y OKOJ111H11 K o•rn11a (ce110 H11 n wtaH 11 11
OKOm ma) Yll3TC H<CllC HOCC pe11oe110 LIPllC wa~mj e 11a
rnae11. OA CTI1p11 jer ceCTa Morno cc je 'l}'TH .Qa cc QpHC
wa11111j c HOCC U3 }f{aJlOCTll :m 113ry6Jbe HOM JJ.p»<aeOM .
T ypu11 cy, muuc lt3 3a,anpmmaH>a, roeop11m1 TO HCTO.
(fl o caonwre1t.y j opna11a JeepeMoanha, l)a1<011a 11 W KOJl-
CKor 113J130PHHK3 y n Cll3 ll j n , pClA0.'11 113 HHBll\13113. )
3a6e,1C}f{CHO je ):13 cpnCKC >KCHC y npeneny nt1b3HCHOj
llJIH i<OCO BCKOj Mopae1t (y WHpoj HOCORCKOj 0611acm )
uoce OJ.leJJO ca QPHHM pccaMa (KllTaMa) 3ll MapKOl•I Kpa-
JbCBllliCM (Tj . y 3H3K lt<aJIOCTll 3a lhllM ) , Kojn l\X je, no
npe11a1by, cnaeao oii: ponCTBa. a n o MOM 111t1.1110M ca3tta11> y
(1946), >KCllC y rMJb3HCKO j Mopauu HOCC llPllC 6ow<1e,
llPllC jeJlCKC, UpHe KltTC n03l!Jl:ll II Lij)HC MapaMe - CBC 113
>1<anocr11 3a Kocoeo.'I 11 MapKo.VI l<pan.e011lieM.
Mnan Jacrpc6cm, KOjtt jc, Kao pyc KH KOH3y11, nponco
BUWC romma y nptt3pe11y, 3a6eJIC>t<HO je 11a je HOWCl be
LIPllC MapaMe 01<0 cpeca apcra ma.lbClba 3ll KocoaoM. 17
Pa,n. Ka311Mu poanli, m1w yliH o 11aumM 11apom111M wapa-
Ma y BC3y, 113110Cll II ODO np110 3lllll!MJbHBO caonWTCll>C:
•Y Boc1111 11 XcpueronH1111, 1.111ja je cy11.6mm 611 na 11ajpa-
311onpcm1 ja ;11e11.>ajyliH <iecro rocnoii:ape - cpnc1<a >1<e11a je
y 311a1< manocr11 3ll CJ1o6o.t1:0.,1 Qp110.11 eyuo.V! no 6eno."
nJJaTllY HCllOJbaBaJJa ttapom1y >t<a.JIOCT. Ha KOCOBCKHM ma-
paMa mtljaMO no nelia 11 p H a noJba (n11aTtto 11p11uM 1<0H-
QCM llCKHliCHO), na liy je,!l;HOM npHlllll(O,V! H ymtTaTH BC31f-
;Dy: 3awTO Tal<O Ml!Oro LIPllllM KOllUC~• ae:JC? 3a<i y.!tHO C3M
cc 1<a11 Ml! pe•1e, ;:ia · cy TO ,up1111 ja6na 11 oa11' 11
•• M~np C. Bn.-Mt.: ET>K>..o.b•• npo.olll•PI"'" "" Koc<oeJ n o.... r,
19)0, ll .
" ll. jj~"°" ·-· 91
======= 179=======
,n p 11 u m ii: p a JI o a 11', 1<ojH npc.a.crae,u jy >t<aJIOCT
36or H3ry6.rbe11or ttapcraa ua Kocoa y. ,is
Kan je CT. M. M11jaTOeH1i, no3ttaT11 11cn11T11na<1 ttapo.a.-
uo r >t<HllOTa 11 o6tt1.1aja, ua jcmm.'I '" ccry y Pecam1 ynHTao
3aWTO >t<CllC 11aju11wc HOCC cytHbe OTBOpcHOQPOCHC 6oje,
o,nroeope110 MY je ii:a jc Ta 6oja yurna y o6111.1aj OJl OCJ1o6o-
l}c1b3 (o.a. T ypa1<3), K30 3H3K pa;:iocru, a n pc TO ra je
npeaJ1a~ 11eana up ua 6oja Kaja je 61u1a yo611<1aje11a 0;1
Kocoaa. 19 M yw 1<apu11 y Ja1 by, n pe)lcny y Boc1111, HOC11111t
cy OKO rnaee 1.1p11e cyKHCHC WaJIOBC tTC TllMC no.a.cjehajy
H jow 113 TY>t<lly ycnO.\ICHY KOCOBCHY •. JO
no H3POJJ.HOM npe.Qalby y H11wanJby, 1<po3 Taj Kpaj
upowao je uap Jl.yUJaH nOCJ1e 61tTMC KOll 8CJI6yil<JJ.a. 3a
Taj a.eroe npona38.1< ae3yje cc y uapoJJ.Y nOCTaHa1< 11A1e113
llapcee 1..kcMe 11a npxy II1131111HC Bacape u 11Me11a ce.r1a
U.apce3 .Uena, Kao [tt] 11a3119 •ii:ywa111<c•, MYIUKOr xaJbe-
TKa . .Uywa111<a je •.a.yra1.1Ka 6e11a x3Jb1111a, 1<0j y jc, no
uapoJJ.llOM npc;:ia1by, Qap HOKJIOHllO HCKO.\IC 113 H11w3e,Da,
11 Kojy cy, 11ocne, CBI! np11xaan11111, TaKO Jta ce ona 11 Jta11ac
jow HOC:ll ua ccny If HCTllM llMCllOM 30BC•. n11caQ TO,\\C
.ao;:iaje, II TO je Ha OBOM MCCTy 011. oco611Ta 3Ha<iaja: •CTOClle
KOCOBCKOI" 6oja 11a onoj lllbeTL{ll - .a.ywattKH HOCC cc llPHll
rajTaH11, UITO npcTcraBJM, o nCT no uapo.QHO.VI n pe,ll.alby,
)l(aJJOCT 3a H3ry6JbCHOM 6HTKOM Ii, HCTOBpcA!CHO, cno6o-
Jl0.\\. • .Uywa111<a y H1m1aeJby je ;:iyra<iaK 6eo X!lJhCTa1<, fic3
py1<aaa, c MaJIHM pa3pc30.\\ ca JICBC II .!l.CCHC CTpaue. H-
::io611<1ajeua je II peTKO ce e111)a. l 1 Y3fl>CJl caMO ttano,\\il/bC.V!
.ua JC xaJbCTaK T31rnOr HMCHa, •,1:1ywa111<a •, 6HO ll03113T II
JJ.pyr;:ie y 11cro1.1 11oj Cp6ttj11, 3aTHM .a.a ce •11ywa111<0M •
30By pa31111 XaJbCUll y BojBO.QllHll 11 y LJ.pHOj f Opll It KO.Q
Xpnan y Crrauo111t j11, na HHje 11c1<Jby<1e110 .a.a nocra11a1<
11m1 11c1rn Jlpyra nojcmmOCT y 11crop11j11 Tnx xan,cTa1rn 11,\13
BC3C ca Jlll'IHOWhy 11111! .ao6oM L{apa Jl.ywa11a, Kao WTO cc
II yn0Tpc63 Lij)HOr rajTa tta Ha TOM XaJhCTI(Y y HH WaBJby
noao.rut y ee3y ca cpncK11M nOpa30.11 ua Kocony.
C--
=====;;;;;1so=====;;;;;
On11cyjyliu ue1<an.awlb11 lij)HOpe'IKll 01<pyr, M 1ma11 ·i;.
Mun11hcm1h je 336enem110 11 je.na11 oco611T no.uarnK. Y
ccny Bcnl!KOM J.faaopy II y OOJIOB HHll cena fpJballa }f{ H Be
Eyrapu, a fom o 11x je ,!l,OCTa 11 y oapoum 3ajet1apy. )l(eue
THX Byrapa • HJ:W ronornaec ca cnymTc110.1t KOCO.-.i , 33 ro ,
nenc, WTO }t{aJI C 3a CJlo6oJI OM K&Jl cy y TypcKO poncreo
na.ric •.12
HH rJ:lC llCMa TOJ'llil<O rora .ua cc 3 1131111M3 y
113pamaea Tpaj11a wanocr Kao y Upuoj f opu: Upna f opa
y TOMC npe.nlba'llt, jep ce y lbOj II MYllll<a Ii )f(CHCK3
11ow1t.a noeo.n11 y ee3y ca manowhy 3a Kocoeo.ll. Ha1<11T y
Up11oj f o pu m1je y o611'1ajy, 1<a1<0 je 33naa110 jow Jb.
H e11an.oe 11k. Can je 11y1<cya U p11orop1.t11Ma y lh11xoey
opy>f<jy. On<aKO cy yee,1:1em1 peeonecp11, nana je 1.1c11a
crapoM opy»<jy 11 uoce ra caMO .i:tm<e pa,a;11. •To HM je cae
11a1<11T; 1rna'IC mum cc 1111•m."I 11e J<llTH. H11caM m1neo
1mjeJU1y meuy, m1ieJU1y neeoj1<y .o:a cc 1<a.urol1 11ajMatMtM
LIBeTOM 3aKHTH: m1je o6wmj. Y >t<llJlOCTll cy 3a Kocoeo.\t,
T3KO Olm MHCJJe. Ory.ua je, BCJIC, H ouaj o6114aj llITO >f<CHC
11oce caMO UPHY 111apaMy Ha rnae u. , n T o 11cro noTep~yje,
3a .uoum1je epeMe, J . UeHjHk, KOjn Kame 3a" meHe y
Upttoj r optt: •YeeK y )f(llJlOCTll 3a llCKHM Oll CBOjJ.JX,
o6yt1c11e cy y L{pmrny, Ka KO Kamy y cnoMCH 11ecpek11e
611T1<e 11a Kocoey. cu KapaKTcpm:nt4aH .ueo L{pHoropCKe
HOllllbe MYlllKC (a llOCKOpa II ACBOja•rne) je Lij)HOropcKa
Kana 1t.m1 33.B paTI<a. Kana rora o6.m1Ka HOCH ce H lt3BaH
UpHC r ope, llJlH ce L{pttoropcKa paJ.11111<yje OA Kane HCTOr
o6Jl111<a y Apyrn M o6nacntMa ceoj 11M 6oja.'ola. 1101< 11oe11 j11
mtCQll MllCJle Aa cc Ta Kana n04CJI3 HOCllTll TCK OA Ao6a
BJlaJll!KC neTpa I I n e-rpoenka lberowa n KllC3a lla1mna
I , Jb. n. He11a.uom1k, KOj11 je 6110 y Up11o j roptt 3a
mm.10Ta n cTpa II, jacHo roeop11 KaKo je Ta Kana crnpuja H
KaKO jy je BJia.UHKa n ernp II pccj>OpMHCaO. •H OHO MY-
WHllX Kana - nmue Jb. n . l·l.,.11a1101mk - CBYll je HaOKO-
JIO 1.1p110 ru1aT110 np11unme11<1. JI TO je 311aK 33 nponamm
uapcreo.\t. Q3ro i<: Kana cea o.n L{puc11c 1.1ojc; jcrm o Mano
" M llJlaM D . .\1 1111..i.o-h: "",,_..,.,.. cps..Ja. &torpa.1 1876. 839. 922.
" Jl.y6. ll. lt~ h : O ~. C l' 3, ~ 1 929.20.
" J . l . W!j Kh : 6o.11<aHC1<0 TI <>.• )'<>CTp90, ll .~t9l l , 60.
======1s1======
MCCTO 118 roj 'IOj ll np11 Kpajy 3arpaf7c110 jc 3JiaTHllM npyra-
Ma. To npe-rcrae!b3. KaKO jc Typ1.11111 cee np11TttCKao, ca~\O
jc 011aj Ma.rm 1<paj114a1< ocrao; ro jc Up11a ropa. T aKo
Mttorn llP>KC. • 15 Cm1411a o6jarnlbCJba 311a4C!ba noje,!l111111x
l1CJl0Ba llPHOropcKe Kane Jtajy II !lPYrll TillCQJI. r naBHO jc
,Eta II 01111 llCTll'ly" .ua cc UPllll OKBl!p CMaTpa Kao 31131<
manocru 3a cpncKOM nponawlly 11a Kocoey 11m1 Kao c111116on
HOllllhll no1<ope1mx cpncmix :JCMaJba.1 & Up11oropcKa Hana 61rna ce jc
o.uoMallHJJa, nocnc 1878, 11 KO.i.t npanocnae1111x Cp6a y
Xep1.1croem111. n .Uo npeor cecTCHor pan. 11111oro cy je
llOCHllC II npanocna1mc .UCBOjKC y jyroHCTO'IHOj H CpeJtlbOj
Eocm1, H c11M6oJ111Ka re Hane 61U1a je o.u )'TllUaja na
11a1111011an110 6yl)c1be II TIOKpcr 3a OC.'lo6ot,e1bCM.
H Cp611 y llanMaunj11, y Kpajy H3Mcl)y ,Upeapa (11a
6oca11c1<oj crpamt) 11 Kmma, >KaJle 3a cpnCKO.\t uecpdi.OM
Ha Kocoey ll y 3113K TOra HOCC Kany Hoja jc ecoMa CJ1111.111a
1.1p11oropcKoj: roro je upaena, a y11a0Kono jc up11a (caon-
WTClbC y1.1J.1TCJba D. K1baj11ka).
Homlha cra11om1111<a ocrpea Kp1<a je up11e 6oje: 'lllM cc ·
y.ua, >KC11a HOCll llPllHHy.
06jaw1baea jy .ua ce TaKO HOCH y 3HaK >KllJlOCTll 3a
<t>pa111<ona110M. 31
.Uo 6anKa11c1<1tx paroea m ttecna jc 111ana rpyna Cp6a y
CeJIHMa EajpaMH'IY II Kapaull tta HOpetty ramtnOJbCKOr
nOJJyocrpea. n o lh11xoay npenalhy, 01111 cy nope1<110.\\ OA
Jaro.u1rnc, o.uaHJlC cy 11x npecemm11 T ypuu, KaJ:l cy npera-
311JIH Cp6njy. T n ran11nOJbC1<11 Cp611 cy 11oc11n11 ua rnae n
ct>cc, OKO Kora cy o6am1jan11 •wan • 11.1m Kan •, 11 TO TaKo
.na 6y.ue Kao 'laJlMa. Me~y npeCCJbCllHM ran1mOJbl(llM8 y
n ex'leny caMO jow .n11.na-CTaja HOCH 'lllJlMY ( 1938). OH
o6ae11 ja wan T8KO .na MY jc.ua11 Kpaj cnycr11 Hll3 n c ~a .
Up11e wa.none cy 11oc1rntt, ce111 Cp6a y EajpaMH'IY 11 Kapa-
1,m, jow H rplli! y CC11llMa; AllMllJlll, j ara'I It na.naM yT, a y
OCTaJJllM cem1Ma cy 11owenc 6enc WaMHje. On111Te je yac-
 ======1s2======
pelbe KO.It raJlHilOJbCKHX Cp6a na cy UPHC wanooc HOCllJlH
36or a<a.nOCT11 (•611m1 3aJIHH •) wTo cy 11ceJbe1111 113 Cp611-
je. H, 1<3.!l cy HCKOr CTapua rtJITaJl ll 33lllTO HOC ll LIPHH man,
OH je peKao: •H11je wan, 11ero a<a.n (it<am:x:r). • Oneka y
mx Cp6a 6ima je aek.uuoM upt1e 6ojc. Bene aa cy 61um
•c11pon11M1•, Tj. i ta m1c y 11Man11 caojy J1.pr1<aay, 11 JaTO na
cy HOClUlll Uptto.
PeKa M3,11pa'la ,llCJUI r oplbll 0.lt .Uott.er nonora. y
roplbeM nOJJory je o6w-Jaj Jt3 CC y CB3TOBCKOj IlOBOpl{ll
HOCll 3aCT3B3 , ttera H CM3 y .UoH.CM Ilonory. Hapo,ttHO
o6jaW tbClbC y r optt,e,'1 fl OJIOry BCJlll C IlOllOCOM ,0:3 0 1111
IlOCJIC KOCOBCKC 611TKC uucy IlOTTi aJlll 110,!l, TypKC Kao
.Uo1bli Donor 11 Ail cy crora 33.Qpimurn crapu o6w-iaj .i:ta
uocc aacraey, a om1 y JloH.CM Oonory mtcy 111orm1 na ro
•nme, jep cy 6imn IlOT4HlbCHH Typm1Ma.
l lpu111ep11 1<0je caM 11aeco, 11a1<0 cy .uocra 6pojm1, aepo-
eaTuo na 1111cy jc.Q11m1 Te epcre: KllJJ. 611 cc epu1111ia
uapo'IHTil npoy4aaa1b3. y TO.\\ CM11cny, CKynuno 6u ux cc
curypHo jow . Bpno jc acpoaaTHO .a.a tt JJ.pyrJte 11Ma TaKBHX
H CJHll{HJIX Hapommx npe1J,a1ba 11 06jaw1befba JlCJJOBHMa
11apoJ1He HOW!bC 11 nojeA111111M o6H'·tai11Ma. lbnxoe 6poj fie
ce BpeMCllO.\I YMHO>KllTll, an11 je II ODO KOJJIH<O CIL\I H311CO
JlOBOJLllO Kao J10K33 0 nOCTojafby II BCllllKOM pacnpOCTpa-
fbClbY npc.a.a1ba no KOj HMa HCKH X3JbCllll ceoj11M o6JIHKOM
11m1 6ojoM npe.a.craelb3jy 3HaH omuttr 11 Tpaj11or mari.ett.a
3a llCTaHH}'TllM JJll4llOCTHMa 11n11 11apoJtHllM uccpefiaMa.
Cae jc TO yjCJtHO 11 !IOK33 Aa TaKea uapOAHa o6ja w fbC tba
HOA Ap6a11aca 11 Up11oropaua m1cy npo113no11 uoenjer
eper.1eHa, Hao WTO j e TBp11110 H. Jacrpe6oe. 19 McQ}'TllM, o
upanoM nopcKny 11 o crap111111 TaKllllX npe.a.a1ba 11 o6jam-
1bC11>a uc MOme ce, 33 ca.a.a, pel'i11 tt1tu1Ta o.a.pcQcno. Bem1-
KY rewHofiy npe.QCTaBJha II TO WTO ce HC 3Ha o.a. Ka.a.a ie
upua 6oja, YHOJJHKO cc y 113HeTllM np11MCpiit.\3 pa.a.11 0 lbOj,
y 06111.{aj y Hao :maK manocr11 Ko.a. Jym1mx Cnoneua. He
Mome ce 3.11aT11 Hll Ka.a. je y noje,tl.HHllM 1<pajen11Ma ywno y
o61!'iaj Jta ce >KanOCT o6enemaua UPEtOM 6ojoM. U p111111a
Kao 31131\" manocrtt noM11tbe ce Ko.a. Hae nch y 611orpa<j:J11j 11
" ll.~: ...... ~10.lll-234.
======1s1======
ca. Cane o.a. Teo110CHja (Hoja je nucana y X II I BCKy, a
no.rtaTaH cc OIUlOCll 113 manocr llOBOAOM Cae1ma OAJJ3CKa
y Cu. r opy, KpajeM XII ne1<a), Kao 11 y om1cy manOCT11 3a
JlCCllOTOM CTC$allOM 1427. ro.a.. Jla11ac je KO.Q Hae HOWCll>C
ltpmrnc Y 31131< manOCTH onwn1 o6u4aj no eapow11Ma, an11
0110 jow 1111je onmT11 o6 w-rnj 11 no cen11Ma: nm1cn1e, oco-
611TO y Boc1111 11 Xepueromum jow ce 011pmaea o611l{aj Jta
ce 6cmrnoM 113pamana manOCT. Eemma jc HOA CnoBeHa 11
rcpMaHa 33,ll.yro 61tna 3113K )f(3JJOCTH, a HOA HCJ(llX j e TO 11
IJ,auac. Ta1<0 unp. KOll CBllX Hcro'11111x Cnoac1-1a y >+<ano-
CT11 II na11ac ce HOCI! 6cno OACJIO. JO
Jow MalbC Aattac MO}f{CMO WI 3llaMo Jl3 JIU cy 113HCTa
npeitalba H o6ja w11.c1ba crap11 ja 11 113 no6a npe 11cro mTo jc
llplla 6oja YBCIJ.CHa }' o61143j K30 3H3K )f(3n0CTll. n peMa
TO.\le, 11e Momc ce HJIWTil pet\11 o TO.\le aa m1 cyT11 o6w-1aj11 11
o6jaiu1bC1Lll 3311cra y 11cnocpc.a.Hoj BC3H ca .a.orat)ajuMa 11
Jllf<lllOCTHMa ca KOjHMa ce 11.0BO)].C y BC3y l!Jlll cy AOLl!lll jc
nacrwm Ha llOIVIOOll npc.a.a1i,a o TllM .1toral}aj11:.rn 11 mi4-
HOCT11Ma. Jea110 je llCCYMtbllBO, It TO jc 3a OHC 1<oj11 mene A3
yno311ajy 11apo.a.m1 >KllBOT u oco61mc 11aj311a<1aj111-1je: TaKBH
o611l{aj1-1 11 npc.a.a1ba cy 113pa3 BCOMa muse 11 AY6o1<0
caoccllime 11apo.a.11e Tpa.n111.111 je. H caM Hapo.n y noieJtlllll!M
coojnM .a.enoem1a ca4yeao jc ycnO.\lc11y 11a cyJt6oHOCHC
TCU!HC .a.orat)aje 1!3 uapo.[lHC npoUUIOCTI\ H ua no)CAllllC
mt•lllOCTJl, u cao.\I occha1by ryre 11a<anocru3a113ry6.'bC110M
cno6oao.\1 11m1 Tparc.n11jo.\1 11ojc,n.n1111x HCTaKH}'THX m14110-
cr11 aaeao H3pa:1a 11 11a Taj 11a411t1 WTO .1ta11ac y T3KBllM
oceka1h1-1Ma 011111-1 113BOp nojCll.llHHX coo j11x o611•1aja 11m1
TeKOmma. Moryli.110 je .a.a cy 3311cra 113 a<anocr11 411-raee
rpync 11oc11nc cno.JhallJ1bC 311a1<e manocr11 Aymc npeMena,
II Tll 3H3Qll OCTanu .ua cc CT3JJHO llOCC. T o !IC 611 611no
HllWTa 11eo61t'IHO KOA CBCTll KOj H CTOJ!dillM3 11ap114c 3a
~WKHM nopa30M ua K ocony 11 nor11611jo.l ! 11aj6o!h11x
J}'HaKa.
Bpno je TCllJ1<0 o6jac1mTH KaKo jc o.n upeMCHCKll orpa-
Hl14CHOr o611•1aja a<albelt.a MOrJIO 1101\.u .a.o TOra na uacra11e
====== 1s•======
TpajHO I<OJ!tl<THDllO >KaJbClbC. Ha CJllll.IJIC np11Mepe KO.rt
,!1,pyn1x Hapo.tta, ceM KOJ:l TIOMCll}'THX, llltCaM 113HJl33HO, TC
H3rJJe,lla, 6ap 33 ca.na, JJ,a cy TaKBC nojase ceojcreeue ca,..io
Cp611.'1a " lbHXOBttM 11enocpe.1U11tM cyce,!111Ma. Ka,11 ce HMa
y e11n.y KaKO 11 onurre >t<a.JbC tbC Mm.-e JJ,a Tpaje ,ayro
epc,'.letta, o6H'IHO no ro.n1rny, a ner,!l,e H no TpH ro.rnmc,
MOpa ce pa<iy11an1 11 c THM n a je TaKO .11.yrcrrpajuo 11owe1bC
u:p111111e 11 .a;pymx 3H3KOBa if<a/IOCTH eek npcna:mno y
H3BHKY II na cy n oj C!UIHll Xa.tbeU:ll llJIH 6oje, KOj11Ma je
03ua1.1aea11a )f(arJOCT, ocrajam1 11 nocnc HCTCKa o6H'·Iajuor
poKa y y nOTpe6H, 113 epeMCllO,\ol OOCTaJIH cramm caCTaBHll
ltCJIOBll o61t411C llOWfbC. CcM rora, nocne BCJIHf<HX Hecpe-
ka, Kao wro cy unp. paroe11 , y npeoM pe.a;y Hacryna Kao
OOCJIC,!lllll3 H CKOHOMCKa 6e,ll,a 1<0ja MO>KC TIOTpajarn If
;:i:yme BpeMCHa, a y TaKBOj llCB01bll cc MCtbajy OllJ.J,a ll
MHore ycra11oee 113 11apo1111or m11eorn 11 o6J.11-1aj 11, na ll
HOllllha 11 11a'ltt11H paaa. To cy 11ojaec 1<ojc cy ce o6Hnaro
Mornc aa llOCMaTpajy y 11a1m1M 1<pajeBHMa y ro1<y .QBa
CBCTCl<a paTa, 19 14-1 918. H 1941 - 1945, H noCJle ILHX.
noMOp H llOrH611ja CY 'ICCTO TOJllll<H I.ta CC l.lllTaBH KpajCBll
3aBHjy y 11p110, a 6c.na nOTpaje .r:tY»<C llPCMe!la, ua cc ueMa
spcMc11a aa ce npaT11 ca manocuc ua o6H•my 11olll1Ly.
H11a1<, TO cy caMo 1.111m101111 c 1<ojm-ia cc Mopa pa<1y11aT11,
rum 01111 HHCY AOBOJbllll .na o6jac11e o6tt1.1aj Tpaj11or l<OJICl<-
THBllOr )f(aJhCIMl.
Ormca1m 311au:u >+<anOCTu y 110wlh11 y 11oje,!lHHllM 1<paje-
BHMa 11 o6nacr11Ma Mory ,!la ce 6oJLe pa:iyMcjy ca,\10 Ka.rt cc
CXBaTe 1<ao 113pa3 onor HCTOr .npywTBCHOr II !lYlllCBHOr
cr.ut.a 1<oje je, c ,!I.pyre crpa11c, 11aw110 I13pa3a 11 y o6I1<1ajy
!l3 cc 11ap11<1c 3a !l3BllO llOrHH YJIIIM jy11a1111Ma II Ha,!l 011-
UITOM uapo,'lllOM uccpeho.\\. T aj o6n<iaj je no311aT 113 jyro-
3311a.n1111x cp11cK11x 1<pajcua, rae je :Ja6ene>+<e11 11a e11wc
,'l\CCTa. foeopehn 0 T)')l<ClbY y Up11o j f op11, lb. n . He11a-
!lOB1il\ 113HOCll II OBO BCO.'l\a 3aHllMJbl!BO CaOlllllTC!be:
•>Ke11c1<e Kojc 11.11ajy 11e11 mac, a llMa jy .Qapa 33 noe311j y,
T)')l<C 3a 1<a1<B1tM jyHaK0.'11, a tlll jC HM UlllllTa CBOjTa. nyry-
jylm je,n110M 11pe1<0 4 eea CTl!rllCM llCl<OJllll<O >t<CHa; Mel)y
JbllMa jca11a Mna.aa ajcaoj1-i:a na6paja u Ty>+<u u3 cecra
rpna, Ta1<0 .ua ce cae ruiamme p!l3Jlc>+<y. Ka.n aol)ox 6mt-
======1ss======
>+<e, ona yhyra, pa3roeapa n cMcjc cc. Ja je 3am1Tax: ,Ko
Tl! je 11on111 yo Te rn1<0 Ty>+<nw?' ,Ce1t cy MU n3ru11 yn11'
oarouopn 011a. ,n onm yo Mii Jla30, Munow, Heau, 6or-
.na11 .• na OHJla onCT l<Jll!KllY CBOjIIM Jle11HM rnacoM:
Eb<>ca6.-w-pyKt l't Ma,
06wiut.y!
Eb<>1tt1Ut-i11t1k>1tMa,
J,(ubooiluJbo!
Hn;yli.11 Ta.KO mui.c c lhHMa, 11a11oeo 3311HTaM: ,Ko jc 11orn-
11yo roj aceoj1111?' ,Huje 1111Ko, Hero TY»<H OJI 611 jeca'
on.rouop11 Mii je.a:11a me11a. 1l 1
A1mp11ja j oe11hes11h, MapJLHBll cKyllJLa'I rpal;e o 11a-
po.n110M >f<llBOTy II o6114aj11Ma y Up11oj f opu, 11311C0 je
jc.a:n0.'11 np11mmOM K3KO ce y p11je<11<oj 11ax11j11 me11e aa6ae-
Jhajy ITy>+<6oM•. Ha1<0 me1111 1111je •t<OpOra • (1111je y mano-
cru), 1ia1<0 UCMa 1<ora aa maim, rum joj je MHJIO y ropH aa
Tym11: TY>t<ll 1<3.0: je caMa l!Jllt ca MaJlO >t<CHCl<Or .a;pyllITea.
Tym11 1rn 11a41111 6aw 1<ao aa >t<aJlll 1<ora. Y TOM ryme1Ly
>t<C11a 11a6paja yMpny ceojTy 11 .a;cscpe, 11311oc11 ceoje jaae,
mamt WTO ce .a;aje mam1T11 a xeann WTO je aa xeany,
11 0:\IHlbC Jby.[(e II jy11a1<e, ~1er.nane II 6ojese, HHC>f<CBC II
cepnape. 33 Me~y Up11oropl{11Ma 1<oj1t cy cc npecemrn11,
noc11e parooa 1876-1878. II 1912-19 18, y Kocamn.IJ,
Jla6 ll n pnWTJIHy, y o6H4ajy je .[(a )f(CHC Ty)f(C HC caMO 33
CBOjllM 6JJIICl<llM cpo,!IHllLlHM3 11ero II aa CBCHOJIIIKO.'o\ cpn-
Cl<OM BOjCl<OM H3rllH YJIOM ua CBH.11 pa:i6ojHWTHMa.ll Ce-
Jballll 11311anMaT1111c1<e 3arope 110jt<aj y 1 1<ao Jla Ty>+<e 11 1<3Jl
ce ym1Tajy :JaWTO Tal<O nesaj y, o.[(rosapajy: 1n na4 aa
Kocoao! • T y 11ojaey jc :Ja6enea<uo 11 JI. Ky6a, 11 ro: ue
ca:\to 110.!l 1l1mapoM 11 IlJbClllHBllQOM 11ero 11 y Ejenona-
amiliuMa (y Up11o j f op11) 11 np . Ilp11 ro.11e 11eMa 1111Ka1<sor
TC1<cra. Ce1ba1< 11eea raj •ruia4 • c y3.11ac11Ma
6onecra111.H
"/b. ll. H<KU011~h: 11a11.;x.w.7S-76.
"A. J°""""""h:l'>lj.c<o1<1 H•.. ia.CE3, XV,6cu"]lu l911 ,7J;I
"T.B)-•h:T~y J(~,Jbi6)-"IlPM"""""· l1~np<>ru-
"""'J"""'°"""-ie, ll,&cor,..r. 19lS, 100•.ll.
,.1- Kubo:Pitmji'-lovansU.P ...... 1923,11.HKje•MOl>O~-llP.....,._
l10"*>;00Alrllr_,.,,,.npe.... ;....-turn-ryll31'iouw!f<Dll
======1s6====== ====== 1s1======
Hcw ro CJIU'IHO KOHcraronauo je H KOJl Bnaxa ( PyMyua) y TaKO Tpaje eek cronek.11111a. n ojaea je epno pacnpocrpa-
ceeepoHCTO'IHOj Cp611j1t: M. C. M11nuhemd\ caonmraea lbt'Ha n, npeMa TO.'lle, 6uhe 11 eeo.\13 crapa. lbe11a je ocnoea
K3KO Bnaxmt>C y HC r.!13WlbCM Lij)llOpe4KO.\\ OKpyry, MecTO y eeo,,1a crapo.'11 JI jom emue pacnpocrpan.euo.'>I o6u<i:aj y
npaee necMe, no,ll,BHl<yjy, Kao .aa jaytiy, a ro, ecne, •rnue KOJlCKTllBHOr J+Ca.JbCtb3 y 6paTCTBY llJJll 11;1CMCHY Ha o.a.pe-
3a 113ry6n.em1M l{apCTBOM ua Kocoey.u Tu Bnacn ttnlt l)eHO speMC y CJty<i:aj y CMpTll HCKOr ltCTaKllyTOr npeaKa
PyMyn u y Cp611j11, noTpe6uo je .r.a TO nanOMCHCM, eoae 6paTCTea 1rn11 nneMctta, y o611<1ajy KOjH cc jc .nou1mjc, ca
nopc1<no ecRuuoM OJl ,11ocen.cu111<a cpnc1mx ca Kocosa, CTBapa!bcM w11p11x 3ajeiu11111a, npetteo Ha <111TaBc 11apoAe 1t
1<0j H cy nopyMylheHH y Ep11cJby (na o.uawc nperrnm y 11a CBC i:tplf<3BJb311C je.ttne J:lpl+Caee. non YTll113jCM CKOH0,\1-
Cp611jy 1<ao PyMytttt) wm y ca~!Oj Cp6uj11 no.u YTllQaj eM CKllX 11 col{Hjam1oncux oJ1owKnx 4111bCHlll.Ul noucr11e j e
.!J.OCCJbCllHX P y Mytta u n opyMy1bC1mx Cp6a. ,\\or.rto i:tok.11 .no Tora .a.a ce y HOUJlbH cra.imo 3a.upme
Kao ooo6HTY rpyn uy nc1-1x11•11< y onn111<y CTaHOBHllHa XaJhCQ\l JIJlll 6ojc KOjUM3 j e 11pBo6HTllO 6i!JlO JIBMC!bel!O .na
npe.Qcna J'opuc PcKC y Ma1<cno1111j11, npo<p. .up ll. He· caMO 33 HCHO Kpake ltJJll J:lY>f<C BpeMC o6eJJC>f<C cran.e
JlCJhKOBl!h uaeo.11:11 •rp ynu y 11am1uy•, HOja cc cacroj 11 y lf<a'lOCTH <111Taec rpyne. Up1111 01rn11p rtpHoropcKe Kane,
TOMC .aa f opuopeKaHQC, <111M ce ua~y 11a 01;:yn y, o6Y3.'1C upttc MapaMe Ha meuaM3 y pa:lHU,'I\ Kpajeem1a, 1.1p1111 wa-
namn<a II OH113 •KyKajy • H llY6oKO cc pacryme, n: QCJIO JIOBll KO.it ranHUOJbCKll X Cp6a llT!I. 61rn11 cy uapo.a.y OTBO-
!1.PYUJTBO KyHa H ttap1!4C 6c3 llK3HB3 creapua noBO]l3.. petta Klb!lra uaporo1e 11crop11jc 11 cranHo npen. o<i:nMa Te cy
01111 HC KyKajy Hit 311 KHll'I ll Hll 311 <111111. To ll'YnHO BpWi!Jlll 3HaTHY ynor y II y H3ll.llOH3JIH0.\I nacm1Ta1by Maca:
KyKalbC Jl. H cAeJbKOBllh AOBOJlll y BC3Y II CM31"p3 nocJJe- 311 epeMe poncrna nott T ypQnMa noi:tceham1 cra11110 cna-
J:lllllOM CKOHOMCKC opoHyJJOCTlt TC rpync, AOCKOparnlber 1wra Ha HCl'.Q31UlbY cno6oi:ty II 6op6y II onp)KaBaJlll CUCCT
ap6a11awHOr np11T11CJ.<a n 11eAOCTaTJ.<8 npasc, ,uy6Jbc rpyu- o ttapoi:tttoj 3ajemmQ11.
ue nc11xo110WJ.<e ac11Mmiau11je 11 c11nepr1tje. 36
H ecy1111b11Bo je Aa cy cec om1ca11e nojaae -:- nojaaa
KOJJeJ<TllBHOr Tylf<e tb3 Ha,11 OJlllITOM llCBOJbOM, JlOJeLU!H3<1-
llO Ty>t<C!bC Ha,11 OJllllTHM H3polll!UM HCB0Jb3M3 HJlH j yna-
1..1111113 H30 H KOJJeJ<TllBllO lf<a.JbClbC 113po<11!Tllll'I 3113Ui!M3 y
011ck11 - Mel)yco6HO y BC311 II Aa cy 11acrane Kao H3Pa.3
~alutbCr n,pymTBC11or ypel)en.a u rnei:ta!ha na cscr.
XpeaTCKa, JlanMa1.t11ja, Bocna, X epucroeuna, lf.Jma ro-
pa, Cp6Hja, MaKe.nom1ja 11 A p6a1111ja cy 3CMJbC y 1<oj11M
llMa 113 MHOro ,'l\CCTa A3. CTaHOBlllUUTBO <lllT3BHX npei:tena,
na 11 <111Tase 3CMJbC, 11oc11 noje.n1mc xaJbeTKe <i:Hjn o6JJHK,
1<poj mm 6ojy JlOBOllll y se3y ca AOral)aj 1rn3 113 csoje
npoumOCTll llJilf 113 OJlWTC napo.n11e llPOWJIOCTll Kao llITO
cy: r y611TaK llP>f<aBHC ca111ocram1ocr11, KOCOBCKa forrna,
noru611 j8 llCTilKHYTC JJH<1110CT11, 11Ttt. YneK ce pa.nn o
uecpck.1111111 i:toral)aj11Ma n o 113palf<aea1by J+Canocr11 1<o je

"MKllUl'Eo.Jl\11."Uthtaid>:KU.-922..
"JlplL H--111t.: ropHO(l<OW1C1<1..._.....'l(IW... rpyna. r""""""CHJl.
Xlll,C-..w 19ll,9l - 9l.

Y:OBEKOB .UBOJHHK Y
HAPO.UHOM BEPOBAlhY
JY:>KHJ;IX CJIOBEHA*
YBO.[(H E HAITOME HE
He Y3HMajyh.11 y o63up aTCll33M, KOj11 je y WHpe 11apon-
llC ~mce y J yrocnaa11ju H 6yrapc1<0j no,1eo .ita yna311 y
nep110.uy 113Mc!)y llBa ceen:1<a paT3 am1 na ce um pH y
aehoj Mep11 TeK nocne peeonyu11je, Jym1111 Cnoeemt ee-
JlllKO.\I eehHHO.l! np1ma,naj y xpmuhanCTey, u ro 11cro411oj
{npanocnae11oj) 11 3ana.1t1mj (KaTOJut'H<Oj) LIPKBll, a caMo
~m1b1ma 11CJ1aMy. Ko.n c1mx, Mcl)yr11M, nocrojc ~morn o611-
<rnj11 11 sepoea1ba H3 npexpttwfia11c1mx, 011Hoc1·m upe11-
CJJaMCm1x e p eMCHa, HOjH cy cc Ha pa311 e 113411/IC Y.r:IPY>l< H-
JJ H ca xp11wi'ia11c1<1tM, Olll!OCHO MYCJJ llM3 11CKllM, HJlll jc.rm o-
CTaBllO nocroje nope.n 1u11x. P:m11 cc creaptto o je11110M
ee~,\la CJIOa<CHO.\I BCpc HOM ll $ 11no30<f>c:HOM CllHKpeTH3My,
'!HJC cy HO.\lnoueure eeo.\la xcreporeuor 11opc1U1a: 11apo11-
1111 nor~e.i:i: J ym ~u x DioneHa Ha ceeT n lbllXOBa ttaporum
peJUffH )3 C3CTOJC cc OJI. CJICMCHaTa npca1111MHCTH•IKHX,
a!ll!MliCTll 'IKHX, xp11wha11CKHX, ,nyanHCTll'IKHX , 11cn aM-
CK11x , llT.Q. Tn cn cMCllTH, HaKO 'ICCTO MC ~ y co6oM caCBJIM
npOTll.B~'IHll n o CBOM OCHOBllOM 3Ha</CH>y H nopcKJJ y,
n ocroi e 1emm n opcJJ. n;p yn1x Kao pan11o npae1111 Jl.C..lOBll
jCJlHOr 33Hcra epno wapettor M0331t1<a, ronepmnyhtt cc
MC~Y co6o.\I Ha 11ajnenw11 Ha'IHH WTO ce MO>f<C 33MliCJUITll.
n pu TaKBO.\\ CTalby, C3CBllM je npllpoJl.110 11 pa3yMJbHBO .o:a
cy cc Y Hapo,nHy pem1ru jy 11; rn n o rncJte J y>t<1rnx Cnoee11a
113 CBCT MOrJill y 1<nom1n1 H 0.0:p>KaTll y lbOj H CJICMCHTlt
eepoean.a 1<oj11 u c np1ma.i:i:ajy m1j e,n110,11 011 n Ottl CH}'THX
====== 1
s•======
c u creMa. Ta1<ea cy e epoeau.a o '!oee1<o e y Jteoj11111<y, no
Koj n.\ la jc CBaKO JbYJlCKO 6uke y MHCTH 'IHOj CyA6HHCKOj
nOBC331lOCTll c o6 j eKTttM a HJIH 6nll.ttMa y npHp-0.ll.li.
C ofo11poM tta n o311aTy 11crop11jy EanKa11c1<0r no11yocrp-
ea, Kao n 11a n.eroe n onomaj n 3Met)y Eepone, A3 Hje H
A<f>p llKC II BC3e c TllM l<OllTllHCHTHMa, Kao II ua >KHBa
KpcT31b3. uapona II l<YJTTYPa 011 ,ltaBHHX BpeMCHa ca THX
crpa na ua Ean1<at1CHO nonyocrpeo H npeHo tbCra, mije
yeeH naKo }'TBpt)11 earn npaeo n o peKJJo 11 KapaKTep n o je-
Jt11 tt1t x o6tt 'laja 11 eepouan.a KOJl Jy>t< HllX Cnoeeua: Mii
jow m tCMO y Morytmocr11 .na c noTnyHOM nop.nanowhy
p33JlltKyjcMO crapoMC.QllTCpaHCKC, onwTC Hll.QOCBponCKC,
Tpa'laHCKe, HJJllpcKc, cra poc.noee11c1<e, op11jc11TanHe H ,np.
CJICMCllTC. Crora h y II ja OBOM npllllHKOM yrnae no.\I caMO
ll3JlO>KllTH llCKa BCOM3 1<apaKTCpllCTH'llla eepoea1b3. 0 '10-
BCKOBOM .neojH11Ky, KOja ce OJtp>t<asaj y KO.ll. j y>KHll X Cno-
eeua, n e yna:iehu y wnpa KOMnaparneua pacMa-rpalba, 33
Koja , YOCTanOM, HCMa .ll.OB01bHO llH n p y rux ycnoea.
np111< y t1JbC11a rpa~a 0 acpoeatt.y y 'IOBCKOB3 Cl<CTp3x y-
,\IOllOI" JIBOj11111<a C3.ll.PlW-I TOJ!liKO CJJCMeHOTa ll no1<pcfie
TOJiitKO npo6neMa !13 611 CBCCTpano lbli XOBO pacMaTPalbC
33XTCBaJIO orpoMHa CpeJtCTB3 ll. MllOro Bj)CMC!la ca pe3yJJ -
TI!TOM .na 6 11 TO 6ima H BCOMO On CC>KH3 Klbllra. Ha >KaJJOCT,
j 3 HllC3.\I 1111 y 4nt31! 4KOj 1111 y M3TCp11 ja.m1oj MOryk11ocn1
.na na Ta.Kao na'lllH np11cry nm1 o6pa.n11 oee TCMC.
] y>t< mi Cnoee1111 i!Maj y y o6111by eepoea1bll o TO.\IC Ka1<0
Jby!lCKa 11yw3 Mom c .t1.a 11Ma o6mm m HeOTmbe 11m1 11a ce
11pcToop11 y p3311c >t<HBOTlllL>C, .na cc >1ma 11m1 Mprne
'IOBCK npCTB ap3 y >f<llBOTllll>C, n3 .0.3 ce >t<nBOTlllbllMa
upn m 1cyjy oco6 ttu c 1bY.1l.ll ll YK33yje 11apot.111TO n o wroea-
l t.e, .na cy nojcn1mc m1mOT111L>C1<e epcre ( imp. KPTHlta,
KYK3Blll{a n np.) llOCTaJIC 0.ll. 1bY.ll.CKllX 6 11h3, 33TUM .o.a
n ojCJlllHC >KHBOTil lbC It 611JbKC }'TH4Y 113 cyJt6im y JbY.0.11,
1rrn. O ope.n Ta1<e11x eepooa1bll, cycpeh y cc 11 eepo ea1bll na
n ojenmm 311opraHc K11 n opraHCKll o6jcKT11, lt3KO nOCTOje
C3MOCTarmo, npencraen,3 j y npaee .o:eoj1111Ke n o jcmm HX
1bY.1l.Cl<llX 6nha II y3ajaMllO JICJJC cy.o.61my: HaCT3jy II 11ccra-
jy y llCTO a peMe. Bek ca.aa .na 11anoMc11eM tt n cra1<11eM .0.3 cc
11e pa.n11 1111 o KaKeoj cnO.lbllllllbOj .a.yum (exte rnal soul),
======= 1•0=======
.!l,BCftta ltJUl echeM 6pojy ;:i:ywa KO.!], 'iOBCKa H CJl. 4 oBCKOB
MHCTll'IHll JJ.BOjHHK BOJlll HH3<1C csoj noce6aH >f<tt BOT,
CBojcTBCH lberosoj epcm.
Ilo BCpOB3lbHM3 KOJl Jy»<HltX CJIOBCH3, l.JOBCHOB ,[l,BOj-
HHK MO}f{C .i:i:a 6y.ue 3BC3J:(a, spcno, K3MCH , cra6no, }f{lJ-
BOTH !t.3. n ocrojH BCJIHK 6poj Ji;:JIBOTHlhCIH!X H 611JbHHX
spcra, a;m je 3Ha'laj110 .Qa HX je apno MaJlll 6poj Hoje
.QaHac .1l.OJI33e y ofottp .aa ce CMaTpajy 'IOBCHOBHM
.!l,BOjHIU<OM.
lhyattMajyhH ecpoealbe y 3BC3JlY Hao llBOjum<a, 1<oje
je, MOJ+CC cc peh.11, omnre, ocra.11a uepoea!ha TC upcre cycpe-
hy cc caMo cnopa.uwrno, aJm Ha eemu<OM npocrpaucrey.
KapaJrrepHcrtt•rno je '18K na Ja ry epcry eepoeaiba nocro-
jtt II HapO'IHT repMH H, 6ap y je.QHO.'!I Kpajy. HaHMC, MOja
1di.ep1<a ( PaJi:MHJia ¢>a61tjam1h, H)'CTOC 3CMaJhClmr MY3Cja
y Capajeey) aa5encaorna je y ceny MttjomilmMa y rpc-
6nlhCKOj lllyMH (XcpQeroBJrna) sepoBa!be J{a '-IOBeI<OB
J.J<IIBOT 33BIICli Oll Tora 3a llITa je '-!OBCI< ~nplIJ{BOjCH • : aI<o
HCCTaHC Tora npCJlMCTa, yMpekc li Taj '-lOBCK. A '-lOBCI(
MOIBC J{a 6y.i:.e np1Ill,BOje11 33 JlpBO IIJlli wyMy, F<aMCH llJlli
HCI<Y J.J<liBOTIIlhy.
BcoMa cy pacnpocrpa1t.eua scposalba .i:.a nocroje tt MB·
CTll'-lHC BC3C II II3MCl)y 6n1I3aHa11a, I<30 II 1I3,11el)y Jllll.!3
pot)eHHX llCTOr CCJ{Mll.'-IHOr ll3Ha II llCTOr MCCeQa ( t jCJ{H0-
ll311QII ' , t jCJ{HO,l\CCC'-lllfili ') II J{3 jCJ{HO T31<BO Jll!QC MOJ.J<C
J{a yrnqe ua cyJ{6Jrny Jlpyrora, 11ap0'-11ITO cMphy. Ami, TO
je nocc6aH npo6ne~1 . 0 TOj spcrn llBOjuu1<a 61Ihe cseH-
TyaJmo rosopa y MOjoj MOHOr paclm ju o p11ryaJIHOM cpoll-
crny I<Oll JyIBHl!X Cnose11a.
TiopC,a: OHOra WTO je 33.jC)l.llli'-lI<O y BCpOB31bY y XYM3HOr
II Cl<CTpaxyMaHOr llBOjnu1<a, a TO JC ll,a Ml!CTII'-IH3 nose3a-
HOCT 11acrajc ycneJ{ CliMYJITaHor ll3CTilHI<a TIIX JlllQa (pol)e-
Hll Hao 6Jill33Hl.!li), liJlll llITO cy pot}eHll y llCTe CCJ{Mll'-IHe
nanc llJlll MCCCQC, JtJll1 Cll~IYJIT3HOr 11acTaH1<a m111a II }J(Jl-
Bl!X If HCil\llBl!X o6jc1<aTa, H ll3 OHi! y CBO~\ nocToja!hy
MCl)yco6HO 33BIICC, nOCTojtt li BCJllll<a pa3Jm1<a ll3MCl)y
xyMaHOr II Cl<CTpaxyMaHOr J{Bojmrna: y 1<p11Tll'-IHOM 'lacy
'-IOBCI< ce MOWC OCJI06ollllTI! OJ{ cuor xyMaHor llBOj1rn1<a
napo<lttTttM pwryaJIOM, aJIII ce roroso HC MOIBC ocno6o.!llI-
======191 ======
Tl! Oll Tal<BC BC3C HJlll 33BIICHOCTli Oll Cl<CTpaxyMaHor
.uso j nm<a.
4ose1< MOJ+.:C 1IMaT11 csor .usojH111<a y a11opraHcI<oj npll-
pontt, 1<ao II y oprauc1<oj . Oll a11oprancI<ux o6jc1<aTa JIOJia-
3C y o63n p y npBOM PCllY •3BC3llC . , yonlll"re Hc6ec1<a TCJJa,
np11 '!eMy cc 6om!Jlll II MCTCOpHTli CMaTpajy 1<ao 3BC31J.C
1mjc mutaiy 11 race ce. Oil. opraHCI<HX 6Hti.a .i:.ona3e y o63ttp
IJ.psehc u IBHBOTHlhC. Ta noJ{eJia jc noTPe6na u na 6 1I ce
II3Jrnra1be OJI8I<WaJIO; llHU'-lC, y Hapo.11.y ce HC npaBH Tal<O
oWTPa pa3JmI<a 113~1el)y a11opra11c1<11x n opraHci<nx 06je1<a-
Ta, WTO oco611To ncno m1ycrpyjc noMeHyT11 nonaTaI< 113
TpC6HlbCl<C lliyMe, r.11e ce llPBO, 1<aMCH It WIIBOTHlba Y311-
Majy no;:ije.11ua1<0. . .
Oco6Jno je 3118'-lajno ;:ia BCpOBalhe y llBOJHliI<3 Hll)C
orpamt'leHo caMo na je,uuor .i:.sojmrna Her o cc y HCTOM
1.:pajy oepyjc na 'IOBCF< Mome ;:ia uMa CHMy.rrran_o BH'1!C
csojux ;:isojuttI<a. Bcposalhe y •3BC3.llY $ Hao llBOJHHI<a JC
omuTc I<Oll Jymnlix Cnosetta, a nope.i:. ror a ce se~yje 11
y 3~111jy, J13IBJ1CU!haI<a, .ll.PBO llJlll WTO ,upyro I<aO l1BOJH1I1<a.
n owro y nawoj ernonow 1<oj n wrepaTyp11 11Ma cpa:mep-
uo ~1ano nonaTa1<a o seposa!hy y llBOj11n 1<a, no11aTI<C 33
osaj cnuc npuI<ynlbao caM tl JIB'IHO ua csoj11M Il)'TOB3Ibll-
Ma nocne,u1b11x ro111Iaa, a HCUITO no.QaTa1<a cy MH np1rny-
mu111 u Mojn npl!jaTelbtt 11 611swn y'!e1111u:11, '!Hja Re 111'.'cHa
6!1Tll sch OOMCH)'Ta y TOl<Y ;:iaJbllX 1!3Jlara1ba, a I<OjllMa
CBHMa Ha OBOM MeCTy cpna<JHO 33XBaJbyjeM . n oce6ny 3a-
XB3JIHOCT nyryjeM CnasI<y Epuliy, .UllPCI<TOpy ruM11a3uje
11a Coi<ou:y (Bocua), 1<ojn Mil jc n u 'IUO H Y3 TO on csojux
r1cn11I<a npu6aBIIO ;:iparoQeHe noJ{aT1<c; Mu11e1111 Pa.Qen1,
JlHPCKTopy Cpc,!lH>e CI<OHOMC1<e wi<OJte y J1 11a11y; Pa-
CIIMY )1(1Isojcsuk.y, .11.ttpc1nopy Cpc1111_,e c1<0110Mc1<e WI<O-
nc y fopam.!ly; 001<11 Jontthy, npoct>ccopy y Jlonapa-
~1a (Eocna).
Kpynue npoMene I<Oje cc spwc y Hawe speMe y uaweM
uaponHOM }J(II BOT)' J{OBOJlC .uo Harnor llWl.IC33B31ba MHO-
r tt x 11apo111mx o6tt<iaja n seposa1ba, 1<ao ll .110 Me!ha1ba
norncna na CBCT, na cy THMC oco6HTO norol)cna 6aw
scposa!ha osc spcre, 1<oja cy npe,uMeT osora c1111ca. Ta
seposa!ha cy II ttHa'-le seoMa crap uucKa no CBOM nOCTaH~
======192======
Ky, a thHXOBll KOpe1m cy .!t3BHO oeh 6 1um 33Mpa <1 e1111
pam1j11M npo,'l\CllaMa ll YTH 113JHM3 y KYJIT YPll II norJIC,[{HMa
Ha CBCT KO,[( J y>K mtX Cnone ua. TaKO HaJJa31lM Aa fie 6HTll
Jl06HT 33 Hall,ly 11ay1<y WTO he ce KOHCTaTOBaTH sepona1b a
y JlBOj mu<a 1<ao CJlCMCllTH HOjH n pe.ucrae.Jbajy BC3Y HC
CaMO 113MCl)y Hawe n poWJJOCTlf II c~aW !bOCTll Hero " BC3Y
Ea.11Ka11a ca llPYrHM JlCJJOBHMa cacra.
Mttora eepoea1b3 OBC apcre , 336cJIC>l<C H3 npc HCKOJlll·
1<0 .rte1.1ett11 ja, MOit<.ita cy y 11apo.1I,y ueli 113ry6Jbe11a. T o Mii
1111je 6uno Moryli110 npoeepaeani, a 1111je 611no HH n0Tpe6-
110. HaHMC, OBOM nplUlHKO.VI ce HC pa.n u 0 yTe pl)1rna1by
caJtawlber cra1ba, 11cro o ympl)1ma11.y je.u11or 1<0r.mnc1<ca,
33 wro cy n0Tpe61<1t 11 Jlo6po.nolll1111 11 no.Qau11 113 pa1mjcr
epe.'lletta.
Y oeo,\I cnucy ocep11yhy ce no11cm1 IlYT 11a CJJ11•ma
CXB3T'3 tb3. KO/], 11:pyr11 x, na II ,ll,aJJCKllX, uapoJta , a.n.11 ky cc
y3.1tpmaTH Oll 113BOl;eib3 331<JhY43Ka Ila OCllOBH TaKBll X
nopel}clba. Jep, 113BOijCJhC lllllPHX 3aK!hy4aKa MoryhHO je
CaMO 3KO ce J106po no:maj y J'.lPYlllTDO 11 Kynrypa 113 KOj11x
cy TH no.Qau11 , llOUITO 11e1m o6wiaj11, ycra11one 11 nepona·
Ehli KOA pa31111x 11apo.l{a MOr y All 6yAy, 11aKO Ha 113rnc.l{
je.QHaKH, cacBHM pa3J11t4HTor nopeJ<na 11 .na 111o1ajy pa.3.1111·
411T CMllC30 II ynory y CBO.\I .Qpywrny.
ACTPAJIHH Jl,BOJHHK
.UoK ce npe.l{CT&DC II DCpoBaiha 0 BCreTa61tJJHOM It 31111•
MaJIHOM .l{BOj1111J<y l(QJl Jy}f{HJIX Cnoneua cycpck.y y ll&lllC
epeMe caMo cnopan114110 l! Kao $ par1o1e11T11, eepoaafbe 11a
CBaKll 40BeK 11Ma ua 11e6y caoj y 3BC3JlY je, .'>!O}f{C cc pell.11,
onmre, }!{HBO H cn111<o e11TO. To ecpoea1bC cc cycpeke 11c
caMo y ceoc J<or ucro 11 y eapoUIKOr cra11oe1111UITea 11 y
CBllX KOH$eCllOHaJlllHX rpyna. CaotlWTClba 0 lhCMY llMa 113
o6naCTll CBllX j y}f{UOCJJOBCHCHllX 11apo11a, II ca.a:panrna Tor
nepouau.a je yrnam10M 11cra, a1111 c TllM .a:a je TO uepona1t.C
y 11eHHM Kpaj CDHMa, oco6HTO llCT041111M, 110Tnym1je • .Uo-
11YUIC, HMaO caM npHmtKe 11a cycpcli.eM n ojc.a:1111ue wm na
11o611ja.'1. llllCMCl!a o6aDClllTClba 11a 3a TaKBO eepoHalbC
======193======
311ajy ca.'>lo crap11j 11 JhY.ll.11, 01111oc110 11a ce 33 11.era 311a no
f(33Jl83ihY CTapuj 11x JbYJlll. H er11e ce y cpnCKHM II XPBaT·
c1<nM Hpajee11.11a OApHrnaa car.10 ynpomk.c110 nepona11>e 11a
cnaK11 <1oae1< 111o1a cnojy 3DC31l.Y 11a 11e6y 11 .na noraija11>e
cnojc 3BC3JlC pyKOM H3a311 Ba CMPT OJ1HOCUOr n uua, aJlll y
HCKllM HpajenHMa, n ope11 TllX OCHOBHllX MOTHBa, cycpek.y
ce 11 11pyr11, Kao: Jla pa3JutllllT cj aj 3Be3Jla onr oeapa pa3·
.'lll411T0.'1. JtPYlllTBeHO.'>I llOJIOH<ajy m1ua 'll! jc cy TO 3BC3Ae,
AB nanalbe 3BC3JlC 31134:11 CMPT Jli!Qa 4uja jc llJlll HeHO
6eHCTBO II .np.
n ow TO ce y onoM cnucy pa.uu o 11apo111111M 11ornc11uMa 11
eeponalbllMa, CJIY}f{llk.y ce 11apom10M TCpMilllOJIOrl!jOM, Tj .
11 ja k. y yuOTpc6n.anaTn caMO TCPMl!H •3BC3.1la t , t<Oj HM ce
1<0.u jyH<unx C.noeetta yon wTe 11a3uaajy cna Btt.llJhHBa
11c6cct<a Tena ceM Cyuua 11 Meceua: 3ec:me y npaeoM
(11ay'IH0.'>1) CMHCJly, nJl3HCTe, MeTCOPllTll II 6ommn.
Ko.!1. 6yrapa j e 336eJJcmc110 neponafbe 11a ua 11c6y nMa
TOJlll KO 3BC3ll9 KOJlllKO j e JbYJtH Ha 3e.'>!Jbll. 1.htM ce pollll
ttCKO .QeTc, ror 'laca cc nojan11 u lherona 3BC3Jta na 11e6y, a
KaA 'IOBCH yMpe, rac11 MY ce 11 lherona 3ne311.a: na.a:a MY y
r po6. Ha nc6y HMa MaJlllX 3BC3ll3, KOj e CJ1a6o CBCT[le, ll
BCJlilKllX, Ho je Mttor o CBCTJJC. M ane 3BC3JlC cy 3BC3JlC
c11poMaxa 11 6e.nttux JhY.!111, a aem11<e cy 6oran1x, HCTaKHy-
TllX JbYIJ.H. H ajcecrm1jc cy 3ee:me uapeua, 1<paJ1>Cea) eoj·
BOJJ.a, j y11a1<a, ll llP· AKO ke Oil JtCTeTa IIOCTaTll BCJlllK
<ioncK, 3Be3.!l.a MY j e Oll·"ax roneMa. H e1<aJta 3BC3Jle na.uaj y
y 113o6Hlby: TO je 311aH Jla CC HCrJ(C paTyjc. 1 n opcJl TliX
OllWTllX nepoea1ha, HOH Eyrapa HMa .a:a ce uep y je .na H
cna1<0 .Qpyro }!{HBO 611k.c, ne caMo Jby.u11, nMa cnoj y 3BC3·
.ny. H e1<11 eepyjy Jl3 ca.110 npancwrn 11Majy no je11Hy
3uc:my. H e1<H eepyjy Aa 3nc:ma na.ua ua llCTPJlCCCT .na11a
pa1mje 11 .na TO nanait.e npcJlCKa3yje CMPT m1ua '111ja je, a
l!Ma na ce eepyje 11a 3BC3Jl.a II nocne CMJYfll COIICTBCHJIKa
ocraje 11a 11e6y. n ocro;e n aeponalba 11a na11a1hC 3BC31J.C
3Ha4H .a.a jc Tor 'laca 11CH11 rpew111tK no6crao 113 a11a y paj
'.n. Q(i""""·
Co¢ ... M apMHO•: HapoM• Ml.f>o M ptl!Mrll03tlM H•P<llll•M C(;HY,
XXVIH, Co¢"" 1914, 16-17, 22; JlO!l:llM .II."°"'""•' Hapo;u" KTJ>OI""'"" "
....,.._.._, C(;HY , XXX, Goel>- 19JO, 20-22; Cht. W.U~ltli : lilnop..tii•
llulpril.WrocLo .. 1965, 209
====== 194======
HJIH i:1eaoj 1<a Eyrapi<a no6erna Oll Typ•11JHa KOj H jy je
Tepao .na ce nOTyp•ut; aKo 611 oHaj 1<0 rne.a:a na,11albe 3Be3,a,e
roaoptto o TOMe, 6eranau fot - y o6a CJJy<mja - fom
yxsahett. 1 Jei:1att 6yrapc1m 1tcnttrnsat1 je 3a6eJtC)i<llO sepo-
saH>e: KaJl ce pOJlH 1.1oseH, f ocn O.Q MY .i:i:aje 3se:my, a Kall
yMpe, 3BC3.Ua MY nalla Ha r po6 (Pyn'-lOC y Syrapc1-wj ). ~
Oco611ro je seposalhe y T poja11c1<0M ,1.1;a 11ajjacHI1je tta
tte6y CBCTJIC 3BC3.!lC npaBC.!IHHX YJl.Om1Qa xp11whamm. '
3a6e11elf<etto je 11 1<0.1:1 Eyrapa seposalbe .Qa narta1t>e 3BC3JJ.C
3113411 .na ce ocno6oJ.t1tO je.Qatt po6 (H Tpe6a y TOM 'lacy
hyTarn, jep he OH HHa'-l c forrn yxeahett). s 3a 6yrapcKe
BCWTIHtC ce Ka3yje J],3 OHC, KaJl xohe JW YHilWTe f<aKBOr
ja1<0r 1.1oseKa, noTpame Ha tte6y !herosy 3se3,1:1y, c1<11tty je
011aTJ1C H yrace y 6yttapy. 6 Y OKOJIHHH Tpttosa aKO cc
BHJ:lll .o:a mma 3BC3.!la, HC Tpe6a TO 1<33H B3TH .1Ipyro~1e: 3KO
ce TO Kame, .necuhe ce tt eWTO 3JIO OHOMe KO je 1.:a3ao
(caonwTe!be CTaHKe COKHh, KyCTOCa My:Jeja y n oma~
pem1y).
H KOJl. MaKeJJ,otta1.1a j e forno o nurre BepoBalhe, na y
ceOCKOr CTaHOBHHWTBa, sepOBarno, H .n:rnac, .na CBaKH
l!OBeK HMa ceojy 3Be3J(y Ha tte6y H .na jc Ha He6y TOJHlKO
3Be3J(a KOmm o je Jbymi na 3eMJbtt; na.nalhe ( ttJrn rawelhe)
3Be3.11e 3Ha4H JJ,a je YMPO Ottaj l!ttja je Otta 6ttJJa. y CTBapH
TO je HCTO H KOJ], MyCJJm\aHCKHX Top6cwa y OKOJIHHH
CKOTIJba: Ka,ll T op6ew BHJ],H JJ,a na.na MeTeOpllT, BCpyje .na
MY je YM PO HCKH npW!baK. 7 H 11e1<a JIOKa.rrna s epOBalba H3
Ma1<e.no ttttj e 3llcnymyjy JJ,a ce noce6tt o noMcny. Ta1<0, tt y
Ma1<e.nom1j tt ce cycpehe sepoaa thC JJ,a cy 3Be3JJ,e ca jal!ttM
cjajeM 3BC3JJ.C 6oraTHX, o.nttOCHO jaKHX JhYJl.H, a 3BC3JJ.C
cn a6ttj er cjaja .na cy 3Be3JJ,e Manttx tt cttpo~rnlllttttx JhYllH
'fl.KOU04•B: H• Q3H. MOCT)'
' M. K14C..,B: T>-llKyaau ... >1a np•po:v< H KWl<!I ... ... 0t l')'ll'l<l<. C6HY,
Co¢>K>rl892, l , 139
• H. C1. !lu)'K4H<11: Hapo;ui" o6"""" " ..tp...,.,.. "' TP""H<Ko, ll311«:TH>1
Hap.CT'HOrp•41<"KHMy30ftB0><!>... ,XIl, !936,16J
'r.B.AHre.1011:SbNU, Xll, 0><1>... , 1895,l, 123.
• K. K o:<yn•~i: Kuhura ludova Slowi• n, [, Krak6w !934, 466
' M . U\ncHHOll: T>-llKYB•H"" ,..npHpc>rulH~ll<H••-. pa:ninH•po:u<Hl!'tpoap"" H
np<»<OOean .. ,Ot flpwmi. 1889, 11-H; flop;u.H 4Hn<)'W<B: Tl.nKy11aHHA . . . 0t
ll<:nec. C6HY,Vll,Co$uo 1892,J, 121;li.l:nJ><>C1"P"HOll:'l\.J!HyNu ..... . Or0.pou.
O'iHY, XV,Co<l>Ho: !898;MKJJ. C. <1>1t.111IHlnlt: 06irv.jKH scpoe•""'Y C.<0nc1«>j
KOTmrnH.CE3,LIV,0><1>>dl 1939,509.
====== 19s======
(y OKOJlHllH .Ue6pa) ttJlH 6oja»<JhHBHX H nJJalUJbHBHX (y
OKOJIHHH 'b esl}enttje). 8 Y ttCTOM 1<pajy ce sepyje Jla npe-
neTalhC 3se3.n.e npe1<0 tte6a 3tta•m .na je 11e1<H rpewatt
<I OBCH XTCO .na yCK04H y Kpyr npase.nttttx; y TOM: CJiyr.iajy
rpeXOTa je H HC BaJha pyKOM IlOKa3tt BaTH ua 3BC311Y H
n04YJJ.HTH ce. 9 Cycpcke ce tt s epoaalbe .a;a na,a;albe 3BC3JJ.e
3Ha'm 6e1<CTBO n ttQa r.itt ja je 0113 tt3 3aTBopa (T eroso);
aeposaT110 .Qa ror seposalba, HOjc ce cycpeke H 1<0,11
Syrapa H, oco6HTo, 1<0,11 Cp6a, HM3 H .n.pyr.ne no M3-
HCJJ.OHHjH.
Cacs ttM je OC3MJbellO y Hawoj CTH OJIOWKOj JillttpaTypH
H3POllHO sepoaalbe 3a6enem:euo y OJ<OJIHHH Desl}e1mje JJ,a
cy 3BC3J{C y tt eKOj Be3H c noMpJillM JbYJlHMa, Tj . JJ.3 cy TO
.nywe n 0Mpm1x, KOjH ce jaBJbajy OH.U3 J<a.n mttstt 3acne. 10
Bpno je BepoBaTno JJ,a ro seposalbe H Httje CT3pttje MaKe-
.110Hc1<0, 0.[{HOCHO jymHOCJJOBCHCl<O, Hero .ua je npHMJbCHO
o.u cyce.ua. TaKo HCTO, ocaMJbe tto je H BepoBalbe 1<oje C3M
33fienem110 KO.U c1<on c1<ttx Top6ewa 1929: 3KO HCl<Or
caxpatte na MCCTy r.n.e j e paHHje nana 3BC3.Qa, JOW HCTe
seqeptt k c ce nOKOjHHK npeTBOPHTH y eaMnHpa. 11 TH T op-
6ellltt y OKOJJHHtt C1<011n.a cy noMyCJittMalbCHH o rp311a1<
M11jaJ<a, KOj11 cy ce .n.oceJIHJlll H3 ~rnjar.iJ<e o6naCTH. 0 .n3TJIC
cy H no11en11 TO Beponalhe, jep ce tt KO.U xpuwl'i3H-
CKHX Mtt jaJ·<a y sapowm1H Pocrywtt sepyje: 3KO 3Be3.Qa
na.nHe y rpo6Jbe , MPTBaQa Ha r.ittj tt jc rpo6 nana 3BC3,11a tte
.a;pmtt 3CMJb3 H OH ke .[la nocrntte rnanep ' (B 3Mnttp; c3on-
wTe1hC llP r aJJa6e n anttKpywese H3 C1,:onn.3, 1965). y
01<onmm Kor.iatta ( sapOllIHQa BttH1tQa, tt CTOl!lla Ma1<eJlo-
Httja) eepyje ce: Ka,ll 'lOBCK yMpe, thero B3 3Be3.ua na.na Ha
MCCTO fJlC ke MY fo1Ttt rpo6. Kan Hoky na,u3jy 3BC3JJ.C,
rne.[la ce y KOM np3BQY na,uajy JJ.3 6tt noro.nttm1 )la m t
YM ttpe HCJ<O y HCTOM liJH! HCl<OM JJ,pyroM ceny (caonIUTClbC
V!ll,
.up rana6e n an111<py wese).
H•
' S1 .Ta novit:SrpokiruH\>dniobi¢ajiuD<:,·d<lis l<oj kori, SEZ , XL, ~l927,
ll1 - ll2;Mih. M.VcljiO: SrpskenarodncumotV<>rin<,obi¢aji ivcrovanj•izlkbro i
1902,445
okolin<,B r11.,vo,IX - X,il<ograd
.: ~~ ~:a;~;,:;""· d<lo, 4Jl
"Mi1.S.FilipoviO:nav. delo,S20.
====== 196======
H KO.!l Ma1<CJlOHaua ce cMaTpa, Hao 11 KOJl Cp6a, .a;a
<iOBeK MOH<e .na 1rna no6py mm norny 3BC3.lly. 3a cpekua
'IOBCl<a cc K3)f(C .na ic ~BC3.llOJmja t, a 33 HCcpe lrna: fJlOllla
MY c ~BC3AUTat; 3a npcoceTJbHBa •1ooc1<a l\UHi-Y: H1Ma
CJ1a6a l;BC3Jl3 f , AKO cc HCKO.\\C y il<IlBOTy .nernaeajy HC3r 0-
JJ.C , BCJJC pe3H r 1111pa1<0: fTilKBa MY e ~BC3LlaT3 f ( caonwTc-
lba AP fana6c n anm<pywcee).
y MHOrJtM MCCTllMU II Kpajeem.ia y 1<ojm1a >KllBC Cp6u
11 Xpearu 336e11e>1<etto je eepoeatbe o 3BC3.llll Kao o 'IO-
BCKOBO.\\ J].BOjH11Ky. Ta caom UTClba cc ceonc Ha TO J].U
CBUHH •IOBCK m11a /I ll ttc6y ceojy 3BC3JJ.Y; y HCHHM 1<pajes11-
MU ce 33.MHlllJba .na Cy 3BC311C ceeke JI AU cna1m 'IOBCK llM3
Ta.Key ceojy cecky. 4nM cc KO po,!t,11, lbCMY ce o,w.tax
y na1m 3BC3,!13 (ceeka). 4 oBCK >+U!Bll .tl.OK ·" Y CBCTJlll tbero-
na 3BC3Jl;a, lUIH ceeli.a; Kai:t ce otta yracu, O,!l,HOCHO nan.He,
Taj <IOBCK YM llpe. n ottenie ce Bepyje 11a cy BJJa,!\apcKe
3BC3lle ca ttajaekm1 cjaje,\1, 3a tt.11.1ia cy 110 cjajy 5or.rra·
UIKC, a ,!l,a cy c11poMaU11<e OHC UITO caCBllM c.1a6o CBCTnc.
At<o 6M HeKO, nOCMaTpa jykH 3BC3J(e 11a 11e6y, CJ1y<Jaj110
noro.utto csojy u1m 11a lbY noKa3ao npCTOM, 011 611 o.11:.1ax
yMpo, n a,nau,e 3DC3lla y BeJmKOM 6pojy 3Hal< je 113 kc
Herne 1136ttTll paT y KO,\\ kc MHOrH n.y111111onmyrn. 4ecro
ce 11 KOll Cp6a 11 Xpe.arn 33.M11wn.a na nana1t.e 3Be3.tl.a
( Mereop111a ) 3Hal.JI! na je llCKll po6 liJUI 3aTBOpe1111K no6e-
rao 113 TaMIUtUe II 11e Tpe6a 0 TO.\\e rQBOPllTll llHTll KO.\\C
CKpeTaTll nam1by na TO, jcp 611 0 1ma 6cry11au 6110 yxoa·
kc11. 11 Mycn11Ma1m 11 npaeoc;iaumt 1m Majceum1 1t y
1i,c11oj ceocp11oj no.111'0p111111 aepyjy .na cua1m 'IOBe1< 11Ma
csojy 3BC3.11Y 11a 11e6y, 1<0ja ce nojaan 41lM ce OH po1111 11
na.na Ka.11a OH yMpe; KO 611 n0311ao 1<oja je 1i,eroea 3aema,
OllMax 611 yMpo; eem11<e 3Be3!\e, Kao imp. Jla1111ua, cy
3BC3,!le enanapa; yonwre cjaj1111je 3ee'me cy 3DC3,[le llCTa·
1myrnj 11x, 6orn11 j 11x.
====== 191 ======
Y lll yMan;11j11 (TaKoao, Ka<icp, fp yil<a, j ace111111a), no-
pe.u ucpoea!ba na na,.na1bc 3BC3llC ootta<iaaa CMPT ouor a
mu1a 411ja je, nocroj11 11croepcMe110 11 ecpoaa1be .na na.11a-
1bc 31lC3il.C 3H3411 ,!l,a TO 6Cil<ll llCKll po6 (c ymatt.) 113
pom:Taa tt na Tpe6a pehu: •3a rpM , 3a Tp11, .tl.PYil<e!• H e
nan.a np114a111 o TO.'lle, a aKO 611 KO peKao: •E110 ra! • (Tj.
ytt<IC}. 6eryuua kc rQllllOUH yxB3TIITll. Y f , 6albaHllMa
(TaKoeo) pe •1e110 ,'1\11 je na je ro eepoea1be o 6eKCTBY
C)'il<lba me11c1<0, eepoean10 y TO.\t CMu cny il,a ra llPil<C
caMo jow ifl"e11e, Kao Malbe npoceekeue.
H e11a,A Ja11Kon11h CMaTpa na je KOil. Cp6a 11ajno311amje
uepona1i,c .na je 1<an 3UC3Aa noneT11 11e1<11 po6 )'TCKao 113
T3MllllUC. ! l .UoK ce ue 113Bpwe llCTIUDHl!ja JICllllTllBalbll 0
rcorpa<l>eKoj pacnpocrpalbCnocm TllX eepoaa1b3 ( 4CM y ke
llOnp1111CT11 Emorpa<licKH aTnac Jyrocnae11je, 41lja je 113-
pana Ca.ita y TOKy) , ue Mo;t<e ce llOHOCllTH Tal<aB 3al<JbY'l3K
KaO WTO fa je ,!1.0HCO H. j aHKOBHk. n pcMa o61LJ13THM
nOllaEmMa 113 nawe CTuonoWKC n11repaType u 113 11apo11a,
1<oj11.11a pacnona>+<cM, Me11tt ce 4a1< <mtt11 na je e 11we pac-
npocrpa1beHo aepoBalbC 11a caa1m 40BCK HMa ceo jy 3DC3·
t1y, na 1<3il. je1111a 3BC3Jla nom;Ttt 11 yrac11 cc, na,!\He,
•nposmje cc•, Ta,lla Jtll yM11pc 011aj 4Uja jc TO 61rna
3BC3.na. To je aepoea11>e romrno paw11pc110, oco611ro 11a
CpllCl<O-XpllaTCKO.\I no11py4jy ( 11 KO.U xp11wka11a II KOJ:l
MYCJJHMana) na uc Bpeil,11 11aB0.11UT11 noje.rurnc np11Mcpe.
Y3rpcn cc ,m>+<e noMe11yT11 ll3 je B yK Kapa1,111h 6110 1<011
uac npu11 KOjH je o6paT110 Tl3il<tbY II 11a BCpoU31bC 0
3BC3.tt11 : 1<0.u pe<m Upocy1T111 cc y CpUc110,11 pje'1111111y (.npyro
113J(31bC, 1852; y npBOM ll3Jl31bY Oll 1818. Tora jom llCM3)
OJI 113.ll a>l<C BCpOB31bC 113 r p6sba: •Ka.A ce 3BlljC3lla npo-
cnc, ue ean.a ce 4y,n11T 11, jcp Kail<y .na 011lla yTC4e po6 113
T3.'111111Ue, na 3}(0 ce KO 3a4YAll, yxsaTHkc rat. BcpoeaTHO
ce .pa.nu o HCTOM nOJ:1aT1<y, 11aKo ce 11e een11 OJ1aK..r1e je,
1<0111 cc 11awao y B y Koeoj 3aOCTaeurrmm, nowTO ce ll
MHOr e pe•m no.ny11apajy. 1• 311a4aj110 jc .na cc y llCT0.'11
MCCTy ll Oll llCTHX m1•1110CT11 Mory <lyTll o6a Ta rJl3Bll3
" H nu.,'f>.j.,.-.,~, M<tt<>fl<>«ooia..c ... , S2
" II~"""" l"J"ll)o. CE3, L, 6'.orpu 193', 10.
 ====== 19s======
eepoea11>a, wro MH ce 4ecro n)'Ta llewaeano. Cycpeky ce
II n,pyK•m ja Bepoeafba, aJIH OHa HMajy yrnaBHOM noKaJllllt
J<apaKTep.
CmtKy o 3BC3JJ.H Kao <i.oeeKoey Aeojm-1Ky !<ojy cy namt
T ttxo1o111p P. Dop'>eeHk 11 Hcua.n D. Ja11Kom1h Tpe6a yHe-
KOJI HKO .nonym1n 1. npe cecra, Tpe6a 11crak.H n,a, rm eeo-
Ma pau111pc110;11 ecpoeal-hy, u oea ::iec::iiia cc jaeJba 11cro-
epeMc110 ca pol)ClbCM HOBOr •IOBCl<a. 3aTHM, Tpe6a oco6H-
TO HCTilfi ll IlOMCHyrO BCOMa p aw 11pe 110 ecpon albe JJ.3 3BC3-
JJ.C ll C Tpc6a 6poj aTH l1JI H Ha l b ltX IlpCTOM n OK33H B3TH , jep
ce 11a nj 11a41-111 o\IO)f{C noro.n.nTH ceoja 3ee3Jta 11 ycne.u
rora o,nMax y111pem; y Ma..r111M fl 4en111.taMa y npe.11eny
Jace1111u11 (lliy111ai:u1ja), KO cny<i.aj no e11Jttt coojy 3ee:my .ua
11a.na, TO MY je 3H3K A3 ttehe >KHBCTH Bll WC o.a ro,IUIHC II .na
Tpc6a Jl3 cc cn peMH 33 CMP'f. y llCTO,\ \ Mecry ce eepyj e II
oeo: aKo cc BHllH jactto ortpra11a 3BC3.ua .aa na.!la, a y ceny
jc uc1<0 6onecraii, TO je 3Ha1< na 6o11ecmrn Hthe npe>K11Be-
TH 6oncCT. B c3a H3Mel)y 'IOBC1<a H 3BC3AC 1<ao 1bCr osa
AUOj m rna uapo'IHTO je H3pa>KCHa y BCpoB&lbY HO.rt C p6a y
Xo1110Jby. 0HH acp yj y na cua1<tt <iosc1< 11111a coojy 3BC3.llY
11a 11c6y, 1<oja cc j aaJba, c H>Cro1rn111 pol)eibCM. K aHo OH
pacrc, n1<0 paCTe u H.Cr oaa a1.1e3,ua. Csc 3BC3.rtc rnenajy
Ha 11ac H npare Hae 1<po3 CBC MCllC II llCBOJbC y }f{JlBOTy.
Ka.u SbY.llil n yryjy, c fhl!Ma n yryjy u lbHXOBe 3BC3.rte, a Ha.rt
cnaaajy, 3BC3ll.e croje u a j cn110111 111ecry 11 rnenajy Ha
fhllX. , . 15 n o BCpClBaH>y l<OjC je 3a6eJIC>KCHO BCpoBaTito
HOA Xpeata y XepQcromrn 11, 6or jc jow y no'leTHy cse-ra
31130 l<OJlHl<O he cc po,llllTH ny w a Kpo3 CBC BCKOBC JlO
cyrobcra na11a. Cea1m1o1c jc nao 1bCrony 3BC3AY non Kojo.1t
kc cc pCl.UHTH ( HCHO ce poroi no.rt CpeTHOM, HCJ<O non
HCCpcTllO,\\ 3BC3ll.OM) . . . B epyje cc 11a HMa 3BC3ll.3 KOjHx Mil
HC BHAHMO H Hojc 11cn pccra 110 na.uajy enc fom >t<e n 6m1mc
K Ha.\i a, a 'IH.1-1 cc nOKa»< y CBCTY (Tj. 1hJJl.11Ma Ha 3eMJbH,
M.C.<I>.), 011.tta ce 0.ttMax llCKO po.ttl!O. 3BC3ll.a OHOr l<Oj H
cc pon110 HC OCTaHC Ha 11111py 11 ua OllOM 11\CCTY r .uc cc
yKa33Jla 11ero 'Ill.II OH Bllll!C crapu, II o ua CBC llH}f{C II
"C... M. M""""""""'•..t.; O&o ...j M ~~'II 113 ei....
Ct:3, XIX.!i<u"p.:i t, IJ.:l9l.
======199======
HHiKC na.ua II Ha!l OU y111pe, II OHa 3a)CJUIO c fhll /11 yMpe II
necr:rne je - nan e . . . •• H acynpoT seoMa pawHpenoM
scposaH> y Jt3 n aJtalbC 3BC3.!IC ootta'laea CMPT o nora mu.ta
•mja je, y MYCJIHMallCK0.¥1 ccny )Kyn 'lll KO.rt Epe3C (cpe,uH>a
SocHa) eepyje cc na k.e yMpeTll ou aj Ha •m jy 3CM1hY ( lh1my
11 cJJ. ) muu1e 3BC3Aa KOja cc •n pon11 jc•. T o ecpoaa1be,
HnaK, y CYWTHHll ce !I C pa3Jn1Ky j e on OCHOBHOr . H a11MC, 11
TY cc, 041ir11e.ru10, noApa3yMcaa na j e 3ae3na 0 11ora 'ltt ja j e
H lbltBa 11a KOjy k.e n aCTH.
Jow He Ke nojen1t11ocru mm oco6l!TOCTH ca cpncKora
uonpy'-lja :
n ana1bC 3BC3ll.C TyMa •m cc y Ka'lepy ( W y1o1a.u11 ja) 11 taKo
.tta je nowao xajnyK y ceno ( nope.rt TOra .na TO na,'l.31bC
3Ha'lll 6e>t<aJbC llCKOra 113 3aTBOpa). y Borow hy KO.rt Ca-
pajeea '-I YO caM na nai:talbC 3ae:me 3H&'lll n a je yon w TC
llCKO y.11po llJlll na l\e 0110.\\C KO BH,llll TO n analbC HCKO
YMpeTll.
Y 01<on111111 O o>t<apcsua je Ja6e11e>Ke110 1ta 3BC3.rte nana-
jy caMo aKo he 6 11TH paT (caonWTC JbC Crn111<e CoKu h,
KyCTOCa).
'Bypa .rta1111<111k je 3a6eJJC»<HO' TI OCJIOBHl.tJ: •Eo r BJl aJ:ta
3Bll jC3,!l&Ma, a 3BlljC3!1C HaMa-," Koj a ynyhyjc 11a TO na
3BC3Aa Kao neoj m rn nMa neku y.neo, na oua Rmma 'IOec-
K0.¥1, }'Til '-IC Ha lbCroB >KllBOT. A.1111 je Mor yti.HO Aa je TaKB().
cxaanlbC 11aCTaJio 11 non yrmtajcM c HcroKa u .rta 0110 11
ue~1a BC3C c ecpoaa11,.e111 y nsoj1111Ka. TaKo je u c acpoaa-
lbCM Aa cc llCKO pomm non cpeTH0.¥1 llJl!I HCCpeTII0.¥1
3BC3,!I0.1-1, KOj e je TaKOl)e BeoMa 'ICCTO, a Koje je, 0'-lllrJIC,ll-
110 nopeJUJOM 1!3 llCTO'-llbll'IKC (xa.nnejcKc) aCTponorn je.
Y npeAeJJy 3aropjy y Eoc1111 MO»<e ce 1.1yrll, KaKo caM
JIH'-IHO :m6eJJC>KHO, Kall MOMaK Ii neeoj1<a n p11m l'IC j cn110
Ap y r o.\1e: t lllTo 611 n .11 cc 3eu je3ne cyn ap11ne (Tj. no.u.yna-
p 11ne, CJIO»<llJIC) .tta cc y3~1 y. ' A 3a Jll!QC BC.rtpora pacnOJIO•
me1ba Ka>t<y npauoc11aum1 Cp61t y OKOJ1m111 H oaor O a3a·
pa na mecenc je 30jC3!1C • (caon w TC!bC Pa6u je Xaca116cro-
Bllk, KyCToca). KoA Cp6a y Xe pueroamm (Jhy61111>C 11
e u:11'~ 3ooloro: HopOJUQ ~JIM ~-..jo. r3M , II , C.po1j<..., l lJ90,
X"""'-"""""'·
" 'I, . .!llMM~N~ : fl ~.3ul'<(l l S1 1 ,6p_ J S6').
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 200 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
oJ<omma) Mow:c ce 11yn1: •Eor Aa ra ca<1yaa nowe 31Jllje3-
.ue •, WTO ynyk.yjc J:lOHC IOIC ua O HO nepmrn!he Kojc je y
oc11om1 nocnomme 1<ojy je Ja6ene>1<110 ]) _ )lauwmh, a
11a11.11e ,tt,a 3BC3!lC ynpan1bajy lhYACKHM cyA6JmaMa.
TC JIOWC 3BC3.UC cy 11na1< caMO .Qeojmn.111, H 3CMaJbCl<M
.nnojmm TC JIOWC 3BC3.UC llMU Ha ce611 H uapO'lHT 3HUJ< llO
J{Q,l\C cc ll03Haje: J:ICTe J<ojc HMa Ha rnaBH CBpTaK l<OCC
c~iaTpa ce }],a H~ta nomy 3BC3Ay! Tpc6a cc <IYBaTH nurnor
JmQa: •nornep;ajTC MY 31mjc311y (Tj . Taj ceprn1<), na here
e1111.jeru! t H no 11e<1eMy 11a non11j11 no3najc cc mntc 1<ojc
ltMa tOilUCHY 3BHjC3JIY ' · CTa II l<Olbll HMajy t 3BlljC3J:{y • .
PeTt<o he HO 1<ym1n1 Qp11or J<Olba 6c3 1ma1<Be 6enere, jep
je Ta.HUB l<Olb 6c3 , 3e11jC3i]Ct . .Uo6ap jc CUMO ouaj KOib f\Ojn
HMa Ha cc611 I<a!<aB 3HUH, f ll!Ull311 • . -
H KOJ:l Cnoec11a1w, KOJ:l 1<0jnx jc uajMalbe crap1rne y
ofot<rnjttMa H BCpoBalhJiMa H J<OA J<Ojttx je MOllepHH enpon-
CJ<H yrm-1aj Hajja<m, nocTojc TaJ<ol)e scposa1ba o 3Be3lltt
J<aO ABOjHttJ<y. y pa3HH/I\ J<pajenu,ua y J<Ojtt.11a >to!DC Cno-
BCllUll Bepyjc ce Aa CBaJ<il '-iOBCJ< HMa csojy 3BC3llY Ha
ue6y; Hana ce ona y r acu, 011 y11mpe. TaJ<o ttCTO, aJ<o 611 J<O
6poja1beM nowao no csoje 31lC3llC HJIH 11pcro.\1 noJ<a3ao 11a
lby, O,UMax 6tt yMpO lfJIH 6tt MY ce ACCHJta HCl<3 ,upyra
ttecpeha. AJ<o ce race 3BC3.QC, 6tthe paT. 18 3a6e.r1eme110 jc
pam1jc l<OJJ; C JlOBC11aua H aepoBaibC .ua cy 3BC3.QC CBCTJIO-
CTll YMPJIHX. 19
C.rm<ma BCPOBafba 0 3BC:3.!IU 1<30 JbYACl<O.\\ ABOj11111<y
1<30 KOA J ymmix CJIOBCtla nocroje H KOA l1CTO'-l!UtX H
3anammx C1wne11a, 1<ao H 1<0A npyr11x napoAa.~ 0
OA 11aumx cyCcAa Ap6am1ctt m1ajy BCpOB31bC Aa CB3HO
'-iCJbaAc HM3 csojy 3BC3.Qy, J<Oja he cc yracttn1 ca 01phy
TOr <1eJb3,i:\CT3; lla).UlibC 3BC3)(C yBCJ< 3Ha'-ltt HC<mjy CMpT. 2 1
Cirn<ma BCpOB3Jba 0 3BC3.QH 1<30 <IOBe1<osy .QBOj1111Ky,
nOpeA MHOl'HX .npyrttx npe.ncrasa II BCpoBalba 0 3BC3.Q3/l\a
H MCTCOPHTIIM3, cycpehy ce J<O.Q HcMaQa. Kon HeMaqa je
" Vinko M&k rn<lorkr: Vcronnjo, uverc in <>bit.ii Slovoncov, V . C.lj< 1946, 275
•• H . lllchtold-Stiiubli: ll andwOrt<Tbuch Jcs deutschtnAb<rglaubcns, IX. Horlin
undl ~iptig l938/ 1941 ,o. •. Stornt (Soegcrn•nn)
:: ~~-~i';J~:·~.~ ,'t';~.:.-;.::.... l\y~•. CJ;J, XLVH1.1;oorpa,n 1931, m
======201 ======
Ha)pacnpocrpa!beHttje seponalhe Aa n3.11a1bC 3BC3AC 3H3'-itt
.ua yMupe jeAaH '-iOBe1<; Till<BO seposalbe forno je noattaTo
ach y 3HTH'-ll<O A06a, aJIH 113CT3JIO, neposaTHO, non ynn-1a-
Amt, jeM acrpo;1owJ<or y'-ieJb3 o <ioBe1<0BHM nna11eTaMa ( Stege-
mann). O oattaTo je H KOA JbHX seposalbe .Qa ce 11a ane:me
!IC C,\\C llPCTOM OOK33ttBaTll, Jl.3 r al)a1bC 3BC3,11,a ttacnyhyje
CMPT ( ttntt pol)e1be) je.nttor '-IOBCJ<3 ( Stegemann). 2 2
Ta1<0 WttpOKa pacnpocrpaibCHOCT tt ynoptto OApmana-
JhC seponatt.a 0 3BC3llll 1<30 !lBOjHttKy, 1<30 H MllOrHX
npyrux Beponalba o 3RC3AaMa, pe3yJ1TaT je cra1111c npH-
cyn1ocr 11 JJJC3fla ua 11ohuoM 11c6y 1<oje CJJojuM cjajeM u
331'0JICTl!OUlhy npttn11a<1e CTaJ[]IO 'IOBCKOBY naJKlbY 11 Ta1<0
no11pn11oce na ce Ta neponan.a o.np11<asajy. Bcposa1bC .na
CB31<11 '-IOBCI< llM3 csojy 3BC3!1Y Ha l!C6y 611he, HCCyM!bll-
BO, BCOM3 CTapo, 3JIH y BCpOB31bY A3 HM3 cpCTHHX H
11ccpcTHllX 3BC3,na, na, npeMa TOMC, H TaKBllX JbYllCk'.llX
cy.nforna, Tpc6a Bll.flCTll 11 yTttuaj xa;1,i],cjc1<c acrponornje.
Kao nOTsp.u.a TO.\\C ,\\O>HC cc naBCCTll OHO WTO H3B0llll K.
MHWOHCJ<ll 33 Ee11opycc: J<Oll lhHX MeCTO f3Bea.na • roso-
Pll ce UIJlaHCTa ' ( tt HCl<O ce po.nJio llO/l T3KBOM HRH
011aJ<BOM rIJJaneTOM ). MowJIHCKll ct.1aTpa ll3 jc n11a11eTa
KOil !bl1 X 33MCHllJJa 3BC3AY no.n )'TllU3)CM 33ll3,[\HOenpon-
CKllX cpe.n1bOBC1<0BHHX u noatt ujnx norneAa. 21 H KO!l Hae
llMa ro r a .ua ce MCCTO 3BC3A3 IlOMH!bY llJl3HCTC. no
11apo.n-
llOM llepona1by, 336e11c11\CHOM y Cat.106opy J<OA 3arpc6a
npe!l npDH CBCTCJ<n paT, csa1<H '-iOBCJ< HM3 CBojy fllfl 3HC-
Ty ~ . A n11a11eTa w~1a cpeTHHX tt HecpcTHHX. Ko cc pO/lll •Ha
CpeTHY n11a11eTy~ , llP3THhe ra cpcha Hpoa C3B lbCrQB >HH-
ROT, a KO cc ponu •na 11ccpen1y nnatteTy•, yne1< t.c y
/HllBOTY 3JIO npOJl3311Tll. H c
o6aupo.\\ 113 6JJll311HY 3arpe-
6a, O'-iurncnuo je .na ce p3.1111 o rpa.ncKOM u KlhHWKO.\\
YTHuajy. H eMa CYMlbC .na jc TOMC .Q3Jbll ll3BOP Ha HCTOKy,
Ofla1<11e cy enponc1<1IM 11apo,!\11.11a .QOWJJH 11 npyru nornellH
tt caana1ba o acrpott0Mwj11, K3JIC11,!\apy u .np. Bpno jc
llCponaTHO .113 je Ha Ollp>HaBalbe aepo1Ja11>a 0 3BC311H 1<ao
~h told-S! liubli:HOB . ,llOno,Vtll,1 936/ l~J7.469-4il,o.v.St<rnSChTiuppt;
IX,1938/1~ 41.~-?14. s .v . Soern<leutuna;770-77l. o. v.Stcrne .
.. K . M ouy~• ki: HOB. ~ <no . 467
,. Milon Lang:Somobor. ZN2:0JS, IX,Zogttb 1914,11 8
====== 2Q2 ======
ll,Bojmmy HMaJ!a yrnuaja H xpHwhaHCHa 6H6JmjcKa nereH-
)la o 3BC3Jlll 1<0ja ce nojamma KaA ce poll.HO Xpttcroc H
1<0ja je no1<a:maa.11a nyT MarnMa c Hcrm<a .no B1tTJ1ejeMa.
Cae TO jacHO IlOJ<a3yje ll,3 It y caMOM KOMIUICKCy ecpoealba
0 3BC3JlH 1<30 'IOBCKOBOM ABOj!lHl<Y HMa CJICMCHaTa xere-
porenor nopeKna 1t na T3J KOMnnei<c no TOMe Oll,pamaaa y
ce6tt onuJTy cmrny ttapo.QHC pem1rnje c o63ttpo,11 tta JbCHY
CTpyHTYPY H rcHC3y.
BO.UA 11 KAMEH KAO '-IOBEKOB
.UBOJHHK
I. Bo.a;a xao .n;eojHttK
Moja 1dlep1<a ( Pa;:iMHJJa<l:>1tnllnOatth-<J:>a611jatt11h, KY-
CTOC 3cM31bCl<Or M)'JCja y Capajcay) 336CJICH<HJJa je , 1963,
Oil. XpsaTa 1<aT0Jm1<a y ceny Ornm<mlm~ia ( 01<0111ma CTo-
ua y Xcp11erostttt11) seposalbe: csa1<0,,t 'IOBCK)', Kall. cc
po1.t1t, Eor o.npeAH jell,110 apcno, 1t H3HBO je 0110, TaKaB
H 1i,eron lf<HBOT: a1<0 jc spcn o c11aarno tt ja1<0, 6oraT je
ottaj '-mje je. 3a l{OBCKa KOjtt ce TPYAll 11 paJJ,11 a o.n Tora
pana 11e1o1a o.rtroaapajyhc Kopucrtt Kamy: t l)a6a i\IY je .ua
pa.rni, Ka.Q My je TaKDO - TUHKO - Bpeno! ~ Ha CBCTY llMU
OHOJHIKO apena KOJlllKO llMa JbYJJ.ll ,
H3rne.r1a, HnaK, .aa TaKBO BCPOBa!bC HlljC o r paHHl{CHO
caMo na OKOJJHHY CT01..1a y Xepueronmm. H3rne.ua na ra
111o1a, OJUIOCHO .r1a ra je 6imo, H npyr.rte.
Y ccny Ilpc1by60BtthttMa non P0Ma1mjo1o1 (onwTtt11a
C0Kona1.1, ~1ycnHMaHCKO CTaHOBHHWTBO) aepyjy na csaK11
<IOBCK llMa caoj 113BOp H ,Qa jCJUlOM y J.l<llBOTY MOpa nohH
Ha Taj 113aop .ua cc tta JbCMY uarmje BO!IC, na MaKap .rta jc
Taj H3BOp y HCKOj JJ.pyroj 3CMJbll. C11ara 113aopa 3UBHCll on
cRare JbYJJ.ll l{lljll cy: cna6tthH, nejaKll JhY.!IH HMajy MaJIC
H3BOpe, a xpa6pH JbYAH (paTl!lll!H, BOjCKOBOl]e) HMajy jaKC
(caonwreH>e XajpyAttua CMajttha, yl{CHHKa rttM11a311je) .
Hcmma jc TaKBO scpOBan.c, cttryptto, rroCTOjano 11 y Jlu-
====== 201 ======
BUlhCKO~I HOJby. H a11Me, y J111sa1bCKOM noJby (r.ue }l{IJBe
Cp611 11 XpBaTH, KaT01111Ull, npaaocnaautt H Mycm1MaHtt):
Ka.Q cc KOMC )],CCII HCKa uecpeli.a llJHI 011 ,[lOJ.l<llBli HClllTO
Kpynttttjc, Kame ce: •OJJ.pe~etto MY je JJ,a MOpa .uoh11
namrrH cc s9ne oJJ.aTnc • (caonmrelbe M11J1cttc Pa.uere,
npo¢1.). H TY ce, .!IUKJJC, Bcpyjc y HCKY cyn61lHCKY nOBC3a-
llOCT 40BCKa ll BOllC. y CTBapn ce pa.r111 0 OKPlbCllOM
Beposalby y Bpeno Kao 40BCKona JJ.Bojmrna.
fOJJ.HHC 1961. l!OCCTllO caM, y OKBttpy je1111e seRe CK-
CKyp311je ETHOJJOWKOr JJ.PYWTBa Jyrocnaettje, CCJ!O M11-
pon<1e y OKOJlllHll 'F:ieB~CJlltje (MaKC,UOHHja), r.rte CMO no-
CMUTpami ll~mp0Bit30BUllY Hrpy pycanttja. O.u MCWTUHa
KOjll cy CCJJ.CJ!ll AO MCHC ca3Hao Ca'>! .rta jc.Qny rpyny
pycam1ja l{lil!C 32 11rpa4a, TOmrno K01lliKO 1tMa apena
(cBaKaKo: y IMIXOBY CCJJY 11 xarapy). Ha manocr, llHKaKBY
.rtpyry nojCJJ.HHOCT 0 TO.\\C Httca,11 BHWC ca3Hao, amt H~
MO}l{C 611n1 CYMlbC AU cc Ii TY pa.UH 0 HCKOj MllCT!ll{HOJ
BC3H TIO/CillJHHX 11rpal{a ll BpeJla.
IloMeHyli.y ll L[Ba .r1pyra npuMepa MllCTli4KliX BC33. 113MC-
~y 40BCKa II BOL[C, KOja cy, KUKO 113rJJC,[la, y BC31i c
BCpoaaJbCM 0 BOJ],11 HUO l{QDCKOBY JJ.BOjmrny. Y 1wmrno 6H
je ce Her.uc IIOJaBl!Jta BO.!la - lt3BOp llJlll BPCJ!O - CMUTpano
cc y CCJIY lfa6111.1aMa KO.U Hosor ila3apa .ua je TO BpeJJO
cBoj1rna 11aj6nm1<cr l{OBCKa 11 .rta je lbCMY urn¢laKa npoTe-
irna ,, r1060Jbwana MY ce cy.r16Jrna, nonpas11no crafbe
( caonmTC!bC Pa6uje Xacatt6eroatth, Kycroca, 1966). Y 11a-
poJJ.11oj npH4ll •Tp11 jeryJbC• y 3611pw1 ByKa Kapa1.mha
KU3yje cc u TO KaKO cc y 6paTa 3aMyTMJia 6o411Qa BO.!lC Karl
MY jc 6paT crpa.uao ( 6no 01<ar.1C1bCH) .15
2. KaMeH t<ao ,11;sojHHH
no Beposalby npaBOCJiaBHUX Cp6a y npeACJIY lllyMll y
Xep1..1croBHHll, l{QBCK ,\o\OJ.t<C na HMa CBOr L[BOjmrna KOjll
MO»<C r1a 6yr1e APBO liJIH KaMeH, na l[ }l{liBOTltlba, a.Jill ca~IO
TaKBa Koja .uymc }l{ltBll. Kan HCCTaHC Tora llPBCTa, KUMCHa
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 2M ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;=
1um >m1BOTI1lbC, yMpehe u Taj 40BCK (caomutt1bC PaJ1.-
M11ne ¢>afotjam1k).
H11caM 1tMaO np11111rnc .na ca jyarnocnone11cKor enm•1-
1<or no.npyttja A0611j eM HCKH o.11pelje11 11 j 11 TI0ll3TaK TC Bp-
cre, Tj . 0 }(3MCHy 1<30 'IOBC!<OllY .ueojmn<y, H3 caepeMC HOr
11aporomr aepona11>a. To he 611T11 caMo c11y4aj uocr, 11
aepyjeM .na II A3113C llM3 TIU<DllX BCpoBafba II KOJ:l Hae, Kao
WTO llX l!Ma y l1 pc:1<0j II Kao WTO cc cycpehy ll y 113WllM
11apo,!l,H11M n p11'laMa.
H a11Me, no uapoAHOM sepoeaH>y J.1 pa113, 1.1ecro jc Kao
c6nis aogal ( HtCTOBpcMC llll iKHBOT •) K3MC ll, 1<0j11 he npc-
nyK H)'TH m m y~1 pe JbCroB ABOjHHH , llJ lll jc TO llC!<O APBO
1;ojc kc ce OCYWllTll llJlll ynrnyrn. 16 EurnCCHlllb3 n. KcMn
ll 3110Cll H3KO y H3lUllM ITPH'·l3.\.13 H.113 !l3 CC l<a3YJC: }(3}],
Apyroa u nona3e ua nyr y pa3Jut'"IHTltM npaBL{UMa, 01111
llOCCHY llCHO CTa6no llJl ll 33CCHY llCIOI na u,, ll Jlll ona6epy
KaMC11 u 1<aH<y jena11 .npyro.\1e ,1:1a He ouaj 1<0j n ce eparn ripe
n nal)c lla ria1b ttm1 cre11a 1<psap11 no TOMC 311aTH .ua MY jc
.upyr y mtteornoj oriac11ocr11 (mm norm1yo) . Y 11e1<1JM o.u
TllX llPH4a mm 11ajnpc JlSHY ua cra6110 11 Ta1<0 Ha 11>cra
upcuccy 11ewro oit ceojc m 11eOT11c c1111c ( spirit) Y
BEfETABY!Jl H Y! .UBOJH Y!K
KynT cra6ana je eco.\13 pa.Je11je11 l<Oil Jym1111x Cnoec11a,
II TO He caMO y o6nacr11Ma l<Oje cy 3aOCTlli,C y l<YllTYPllOM
pa3RHTl<Y 11 y 1<ojuMa cc, crora, cycpck.y y echoj Mcp 11
CT8p1mc1<a ecpoea1ha 11 rior neitll ua cnCT, 1<30 11 npynt
C!ICMCllTll 1!3 crap1111c, ucro Tal<aB l<YJIT nOCTOjll II y OHltM
o611acr1ma 1<ojc cy CKOllO.\\Cl<ll II l<YJITYPllO 11anpc,1:11111jc,
1<a1<ea je 11np. Bojnonmrn. Ta6y11ca11a cra6na cy up110
4ccra, n3 11 'll!Taen rajem1, y Ma1<cno1111j11, 11 eeo.\la jc
panmpeno eepona1t.e na He crpanaT11 cna1<0 1<0 11x cet1e,
ne1ne cc ua 1h11x 11 c11. CTpanali.c o,!l •cc11 11 •, mm -cje1111 •,
1<oja 6opae11 y 1b11Ma. Wm jc Ta -ceu t , 1rn 11 •cjc11 •, 1111 jc
'~ f unk & WoJ111 llt: St•n<lard O ict;oo.cy oC Folkk>n:, Mytll<>lo&Y •nd L..·1<nJ.
Manal,.ach ,E<li1or, Now'l'0<k 19SO, ll,619 (1.v. hfotolton\
"P_ K<rnp: H..!ina Ri1uol ( l9JS) 20.
= = = = = = 20s = = = = = =
jow uarm o yTBpl)c110 : 011a jow 1mje foma npe,!lMeT noce6-
nor 113y4aea1ba. Komrno caM ja no cana Morao ,!la :Jana3HM,
rnj nojaM jc eeoMa um po1<. H er.ue H3rnc.ua 1<ao ]la cc pa,!111
o ncpona11>y y 11e1<y M11cr11•111y c 1111y, 11n 11 c11cpr11jy, 1<oja
npom11Ma pa311c o6 j e1<Tc 11 1<oja 611 onronapana Ma1111,
ope11w 1 111111 6apam1; uernc ce eepy j c Jla cy 113eop11,
cra611a 11 ,!Ip. •cjetto euTH • crora llITO y lhHMa 6opam1 11e1<t1
JtYX 1<oj11 ce ceern aKO cc 1111pa y lbCroeo 6opae11WTC.
Bpno ecpoean10 Jia cc y cny •1ajy Ta1<eor ecpoea1ba pa.nu o
ncpoea1hy ,!la cy TO llYWC MpTBl!X, jep ce o6114110 PaD.ll 0
cra6mma t<Oja cy U3pacna 11a crapHM rpo6.n, nMa. •Cje1m •,
llJlll fCCllllt, ~mry 6UTll ll ACMOllll: y ue1<1lM 1<pajc1111Ma,
oco611To y Ma1<CJlOllll) 11 , Ta1<ea Ta6y11ca11a cra6na cy •ca-
,\1osm1c 1<at (Tj . eHnJ.111c1<a) . Byt< Kapa1,111H je ri pe e11we OJl
cro ro;t1111a Jio6110 u 3 rp15.n.a y Bo1<11 nonaT1<c: 1<an ce
K3KBO crapo 11 nc6eno .D.PBO noce'le, •a 6ojek.11 ce Jl8 tt11je
cjc11oenro•, na Jia He 611 yMpo 11 0 11aj 1<0 ra jc noce1<ao,
OllI13 Tpc6a )la Ha OHOM TPY"Y (Tj. ria1by) 0 110.\1 llCTO~I
ce1< 11poM OJlCe4e n cTny rnany. n IlOTpC6 110 jc, Ita1<ne, Jla
cc6c OT1<yn11 mpTBOM, WTO 3113411 Jla cc TI OJl •cjCHll f
3aMlllUJba HCKll J1C.'t011 11m1 nyx yMpnor. y Ma1<eJlOH1tj1t ll
y K oconc1<0-MCTOxujc1<oj o6nacr11 Ta1<ea cra6J1a ce cMa-
t'paj y •B3K3 BCKllM . - •Ba1<ycl>c1<11M . ( 3ll,!l,y>K611HCl<HM,
ceeTnM, ra6y11catt11M) 11 uepyje ce na he yJiapnrn Ha
t0rpa.rt • 11nH yMpcTH cea1<0 1<0 ce4e TaKBO ra6yu ca110
cra6no. T aKo ttnp. y ceny Mo,!lpH4Y KOA ,Ue6pa jeita11
ce.n,a.1< je no 11apeJI6H e11acr11 3a epcMe n p oor CBCTCK~r
paTa ~mpao ,!la nocc4e jcna11 ma1<asc1<u • xpacr. n owro JC
6p30 nocne ror a yMpo, eepooano cc Jla je crpanao crora
WTO jc rioce1<ao TO JlPBO. 39 T31<0 ll y ccny PC41lUll y
Jl ycroj peu11 (urnpa 01<om111a Jlec1<oeua) yMpo Jc 40BCK
•mM je no4eo Jia cc4C TpellllbY 1<oja je 61ma :Jami e (ra6yH-
ca110 .11.peo) .
IlopcJl Tal<BllX 41lCTO a111tMltCTll41<11X llpeJlCTaea ll eepo-
ea1b3, cycpehy ce KOJl Jym1mx Cnoae113 11 eepoeatba
I1PYl<4Hj er 1<apa1<Tepa o cra611 uMa.
 ======206======
Y uapo.n.ttttM necMaMa } y>frnHx Cnoseua HMa Tora mi
HCJ<O cra6no npeJlCTaBJba mm 3aMeH.yjc 11e1<0 n11ue, ami ce
y Tal< B HM nptt.l !CpHMa pa.UH pe)J.OBHO 0 necmll!!UlM MCT!l-
qxipaMa. CTora OBOM npttmmo~i uek.y Tal·<BC npmv1epe Hlf
Y31iMaT11 y ofottp, jep OHH 11e OApamasajy Hapo;:iua scpcf<a
CXB3Tilib3.
Iloce6tty rpyny neposa1ba o cra6nttMa •1m1e oua nepo-
salba y KOJHMa ce HCTH•IC MHCTH'·IH3 CTaJ!Ha BC3a H3MC~Y
cra6ana Kao TaHa11x 11a jeJJ,uoj u Jbyn;c1rnx 6ttk.a ua npyroj
crpamt. Ta1rna BC3a ce ycnocraeJba ua rnj tta'lHH
'IOBCH noc a;:i:HTH llCKO APBO H THMC Ha MHCTHl.llH1 tta•nrn
BC33TH csojy cy.1:1forny ca cy.!lforno~1 ror .n.pseTa. Eao
HCKOJIHI<O llpHMCpa:
KoJ:I. 6yrapa, MaI<e1:wuaua, Cp6a, na tt XpsaTa, aeoMa je
pawttpctto seposa1be 11a HC Ba.Iba caJ:J:HTH opax: HO ca.rr.11
opax yMpelie H3A cra6no ror opaxa 6yne n,e6eno Kao WTO
je .ne6eo Eberos BpaT. KpajeM npownor seKa TO ce aepo-
Bano KOll Ma1<eJI.OHaQa y np1mcny It 3a TOnOJiy, C THM JI.a
he ca.wrna11 Tonone y MpeTH 1<ana KOpeH n ocal)eHor llPBeTa
6yne ne6eo 1<ao 1bCroB apaT. 30 Mcl)yrw11., Tpe6a HCTahH:
nocal)eHo cra6no He JI.em1 cyJI.61tHy JIHlla KOje ra jc noca-
llHJIO, aJIH >t<HDOT TOra JlllQa 33BIICH OJI. pacTa Tora cra6na.
n o BCpoBaH.y l<O,!l, Eyrapa, 011aj 1<0 canH opax II~\a Ha<rnHa
.ri.a npeJI.ynpeJIH YTHQaj cra6na Ha csoj >1<1moT: OKO o paxa
Tpe6a .ri.a CTaBH o6py4, na he yMpern re1< 1<a.ri.a opax 6yne
ne6eo Kao mj 06py 4_ l1
Y Jhy6mt.y ( Xepueromrna), Ka1<0 caomumsa E. JhtneK,
uehe HllKO y MJla.DHM ro;:i:HHa,\la noca;:i:HTH opax, jep Kamy·
1<a;:i: ce ro;:i: opax cywH, cyw1the ce H ottaj KOjH ra je
noca;:i:Ho. CnH<rno ce aeposano H y rpa,ny Capajeay: o pax
Em.II Kylie He CMe ce H111<aKo n ocehtt, jep 1<a1<0 611 ce
n oce'!CHII opax nocyw110, OHaKo 6H ce ocywHo 11 011aj 1<0
ra je noce1<ao. 31 Joao Typalbamrn H3 Jby61tja ( yMpo
1943) pa;:i:o je cantto o pax e. CTOra ra je 1berona OKOJIHHa
'" M.K.l!J;J1<111«>~:11 a B.pU,l, 142
".ll. Mapmioe:HaB.pu,45
l10'.' E_ JIK11c~: lljcpcxc crapKHC "' SocHC K Xcp..Crol!KHC.
======201======
3ailHPl<HBaJia, anyimpaj ytHJ Ha OOMCHyro 11apOllHO sepo-
BalbC: •0Lte6Jbo opax, L(e6JbH O.II re6e. ~ A 011 je Mllp!IO
OJtroaapao: •He1<a, Hc1<a, l}eQo, H ja hy ca !hHM (Tj. yMpe-
rn )~ (caomutt1bC 3JJ.pam<a n euelha, npoQ:i.) .
noHcr.ri.e ce Tal<BO aepoaa&C npCHOCH Ha caa1<0 JJ.PBO
yonu!Tc 1<oje ce nocauH. T a1<0 y nawTpOattlmMa: a1<0 ce
noce'!e JJ.PBO 1<oje je He1<0 noca,ntto, aepyj e ce na
he Ta
oco6a YMPCTH y TOKy rOJI.llHe . JJ 1lo1< ce y TOM 1<pajy aepyje
L(a he yM pCTH OHaj l<O je nocan110 LlPBO, Hal<O ra CC'IC HCl<O
WTO he JI.pyrn, y OKOJIHHH K!by'la (ceno PH6HHH) y cescpo3anaJt-
11oj Eoc111t sepyjc cc ;:i:a he yMpew HO noce'!e LlPBO Hoje je
caM 01<aJEeMtto; aHO Tpe6a ~ nocc'!c, nocnahe Hora .a;pyror
J.ta TO y'IHHH.
K o.n Cnoaettaua y 01<0JIHHH Ue!ba nocrojH 0611'laj JI.ace
3aCallH .IlPBO 1<a.o: ce POllH L(eTe, ;:i:a 61t TO .nere HanpeL(oaa-
JIO Hao lllTO he ttanpe.nosaTH H .o:pso. To aepoaatt.e, Ka1<0
cc ilP>l<H HOJl Cn:oaeHaQa, Hehe Hll 61tTll ll:OMahe jy>t<HO-
CJIOBCHCl<O, Hero cy ra Cn:oaemu1, acpoaaTHO, np11xaaT11-
JIH o;:i: cyce.O:HHX HcMaQa. Koll eaponCHHX ceJbaHa, noce6-
110 HO!l: HeMaQa, aeoMa jc y 061t'lajy ;:i:a cc CaJlH je.QHO
cra6no 1<an ce po.QH ;:i:e-re, jcp cc sepyje .na Hanpe.na1< TOr
CTa6na CTOjH y TajaHCTBCHHM BC33Ma c ttanpCTI<OM ll:CTCTa
Hp03 QCO lber OB >t<llBOT. AHO .IlPBO Hanpei:i:yjc, H n.ere he
nocrarn ja1<0 H H~laTH cpehe. A1<0 llPBO 6y,ne acuyno, 6yJtc
OOCC'ICHO HJIH owrehe tto, H TO m1ue he 6onoaaTH, yMpeTH
HJIH 6HTH palbcHo. n o1tc1<all ce HCKO sch o;:i:pacno cra6no
npornacH llCTeTOBHM cra6JIOM npHJJHKOM lberosa pol}e!ba.
Taj o6tt'!aj H acpona!he nocrojc 11 HOll HCHHX ;:i:pyrnx
11apo.na: A1tHy, nanya, JlajaK Ha Eopttey, KOll CTaHOBHHl<a
ocrpsa EanH , KOll Maopa 11a HoeoM 3ena11;:i:y, y pa3HHM
L(CJIOBH.Vla AQ:ipHl<C H KOll l!eKHX IU1L1Hja11c1<11x nncr.ietta Ce-
aep11c AMepm<C. 36or TaKO TCCHe BC3C 113;\\Cijy cra6na Ii
.IlCTCTOBOr >t<HBOTa T3KBO cra6no ce 'ICCTO 30Be >t<MBOTHO
cra6;10. 34
n . KeMn caonwTaaa 1<a1<0 no11ei<a.rt noje;:i:ttHUH o6encme
ll0JI338H ;:i:eTeTa HJill >t<HBOTHlbC Ha CBCT K8JICMJbClbeM
" J . BYK"-"•HQBHh: lloulT)XlHHhH. iltntlbC 1960.J6S.
r3M, VI, Capajcso 1~4, •• t'un~ & W"8n•Ho: Standard Dk<ionary ___ I, 14S; H. Baumann: D•• Tier al•
AltcrEgo,ni\fril:.>. l'a1dcuma,V , Jurnl9S2,181.
======20s======
HCHOr APBCTa.JJ Ha »<anOCT, HC BCJUI r .uc cc TO pa.[111 HOJl
uac; Momm1 j e HMana y n uny Cnose11L1c. 3a6eneme11 jc
jom je.na11 tta<nrn ycnOCTaBJhalba MllCTll'UIC BC3C H3MC~Y
40BCH3 II cra6.ria. Jlo TOra AOJ13311 Ha 113UJC,\\ CTHll4KO,\\
no11pr 1Jy H 1<3.11 ce 6oJiec1111K no.neprtte 11apo•11tT0.\1 Ma~11 j ­
CJWM JIC<IClbY ua Taj ua•mH .a.a cc npoBytlC Kpo3 JlPBO Koj e
jc npe-rx o.n110 pace'leHO ce1rnpo,11. 6 0J1ecmm he 03JIP3H llTL1
H3}], TO APBO c pacTc: 1<80 JIU ll OCJI C ycn oCTa OJb31hll Tal<IJC
HHTHMllC BC3C •meeKa II .UPUCTil lbltXOBa cyn6irna nocra j c
1tcra.J6 TaKeor npoBJ1a•1 e1w 6onccttor llCTeTa 1q>03 pacc-
<1e110 .QPBO H ecpoealba .na he Acre 03AP381lTll Ka,n JJ.PBO
oneT cpacre 6nno je 11 HO.Q He"rnQa: 011aj KO cc nrn:o
npoenal!110 no ec311sao jc ua ,\l\lCTH4aH 11a•um caojy cy.ll-
61111y, ceoj >irn oOT, c 0110.11 6mhKOM, n caMor cc6c, TaJ<O
pel'IH, Hao WTO BeJIH ManxapT, ornac110 33 jCJUIO c lhO.\\.
6Jmo 6H nocne BeoMa onac110 K3Jl 611 .a.pno c Koj 1rn je 011
TaKO llOBC,!l,Cll y Be3y 611JJO noce•!CHO. J7
HMa, 11naK, neKHX 3H3KOBa 11a 11 KO,!l, Cp6a 11Ma, OllHO.-
cuo na je 6nno rora na ce np111mKOM pol)e1ba neTera ca.a.11
l!Jlll KaJJCMll HCKO .ltPBO. y PaK.JballCKOM noJi.y y ceecp11oj
nonropmm Konaomrna 6110 jc 6op Koj u jc, no npe11a1by
(33.6enemcuoM npe 1869), 1136110 113 rpa11 c Kojy je 33.Ca.rlll-
na l{3.p11ua M11m1ua K3Jl joj cc po.n11oc1111 uap Jla:Jap (!?).n
Kon Cp6a y O p11wrn1111 je 06J.14aj .na ceca.int .a.pso Kall cc
pCl,!l,H JtCTe. Ann, •nocamto ny.a.1111Ke, 11 TO je 1bCroDa
e11wlh1H . (M oi 1111¢lopMaHT, M11n)'Tm1 Joea11om1h, npena-
parop Ernorp3cf>cKor My3Cja y Eeorpmy, 1111jc 311ao 33111ro
ce TaKBO ,!!,peo 30ee •e11w1bOM '• 11aKO 1mje 1.111w1ba.) A }'
OKOJlllHll n om3pee1.t3 HChC ceh11 KaJJCM (eohKy), CCM aKo
ce cut ocyw11, .rt3 cc 11c 611 .norommo wro 11eu11 (caonWTC-
fbC Crn11Kc CoK11h, KyCToca). Kon CTapux PuMJbaHa 6110 je
o611<1aj na cc cam1 .a.peo 11a MCCTY polje1b3 Kao .a.aoj mrn
11oeopolje11or llCTeTa; 11 Buprun jc 11Mao c1.1ojc TaKeo
JlPBO.l~
LloK je y ua1.1e,!l,Clll!M np11Mep11Ma MUCTU•l!la BC3a 113Meljy
cra6na 11 11oje.a.1rnua ycnocraeJba11a BCWTa'IKHM nyreM,
caljefbCM llJlll KaJJCMJbClbCM, na ll npoena<IClbCM Hpo3 pa-
CC"ICHO .1tpno, II CTa6JJO TllHO l'IOCTa.JIO JbYJlCHllM JIBOj11111<0M
6e3 11ocpc11crua HaHBC 11pyre CllJIC IUl ll 33.MllWJbCHOr 6uha,
nocroje 11 ecpoB3lb3 o CTa6J111Ma Hao JbY.f:lCKHM ,!l,eoj1111u11-
Ma HOja cy TO nOCTaJJa caCl.lllM HC33.BllCllO 0,lt 'lOBCKOBC
aHTllBHOCTlt , Tj. cno11Ta110, am1 cuMyJIT3HO c polje1bCM
ncHor m1ua. To cc H3pH4HTO 11aeo.11H caMo y caonwre1by
113 OHOmme Jlee1<0eua y Cp611j 11. Y j ymuocnoscucKoj
entOJJOlllKOj mITCpaTyp11, 1111a<1e BCOMa o61111aroj, HllCaM
11aHJ1a.3110 11a no.uaTKC o ecpoealhHMa y TaKBC npaec 1.1oec-
Koec scrern61111He 11eojH11Ke, ann Tilf<BHX acpoe3lba 11Ma u
oua cy, 1<aJ<o 113rnena, np11ntttrno pacnpOCTpa!bCHa, 11a1<0
jc rn pacnpocrpa1bCHOCT cnopa,tl,H4Ha.
n o sepona1by 1<0.11 Cp6a y npe11c11y rpe6 111bcKo j lllyM11
(CCJIO M11joH11h11), "IOBCK MOace .na llMa ceor .ltBOj HUKa
llJIH, 1<aKO ce TaMO 1<ame, .na 6y.ne lflPll.ltBOjCH' 33 np1.10,
11m1 "lal< 3a wyMy, KaMell 111111 HCKY J.KllBOTHlhy; 011.!13 MY
i HHBOT 3aB11c11 Oll Tora 33 WTa je np11.11nojcH 11, aKo ror3
11ecra11c, yMpekc tt OH (3a6ene»oma 1963. Pa.t1.M11na <1>3611~
ja1111k). Ha a\aJJOCT, Tilj jc no.uaTaK BCOMa WTyp, a TaKBll
cy ach11110.11 11 OCTaJJu o oeoj opcm .nooj111rna. 11 y OKOJIH-
1111 Ew1chc eepyjc ce, o.a.11oc110 aepoeano cc, 11a jc 6uno
TOra .na jc 'lOBCK y HC311a1by noceKao caojc .!IPBO, na TllM
noceKao ce6e, yMpo. H1nco 11c 3Ha Koje jc lbCI'Ol.IO cra6no y
wyM1t. Ko,!1, XpoaTa KaTOJ111Ka (a, ceaKaKo, 11 1<0.rt Cp6a,
npasOCJJammx) y OKOJ1111111 Croita y Xepucromnm enaita
crpax na cc y w yM11 11c .11oxsarn (ce1.1e) csoje ,1tpso, jep he
ce o,1v1ax yMpcr11. 311a411: ceaKo HMa caojc npeo y wyMn.
y T0.'11 Kpajy II meHCKC CCKy npea, na TO 3113"111 .!la II
me11cKe 1u1aj y .upBo Kao .a.eoj 1mKa (caomure1be BllJia O y-
JL11ha, npocp.). TaKO caM H y ccny Mpa1<01.1y KO.rt H 11ujaw3
(w11pa OKomma Capajesa) c;1ywao OJI npaeOCJJae11or Cp-
61ma .na cc .a.ewaeano !la "IOBCK yMpe ce1<yh11 11peo, wro ce
pa1mje o6jaw11.3eano TaKO na je noceKao ceoje npeo.
TaKo cc eeposano u y cyce.rtHOM ccny Coepnm\a: llP
CTpaxmba D o1<11k, ne1<ap, po.noM 113 Tor cena, y MJJ3JlOCTll
jc Muoro n)'Ta "Iyo .na je 40llCK nao Mp-rae, jep je nocc1<ao
=====;;;;210=====;;;;
ceoje .11pso. H y Eneweeuh11Ma (MyCJIHMaHCKO ceno) KO.rt
B11cm<0r eepoaano ce y TO HCTO.
Ko.n XpeaTa 1<aTOJI11Ka y ceny Epam<oe11h1tMa KOJl 3a-
BHJIOBHha ce eepyje (no.uaTaK H3 1967) Aa CB3lOI 'IOBCf(
liMa y WyMH ceoje APBO. AKO ce JlCCH .aa ra noce'le,
ACC11he MY ce HCHa 11ecpeha. Kag ce pal)a geiUe, MYUlKO U/IU
:HCeucKo, uaciUaje u iUo ciiia6110.
Ko.11 MYCJIHMaHa y 0 1<on1tH 11 Poraruue (Bocua) oepyje ce
118he YMpent 'IOBCK KOjH uaul)e Ha .n.p e o KOje je lbCI'OBO ll
noce4e ra. Y ceny Ilpelhy6oe11hHMa no.r. nnauuuoM Po.'lla-
1mjoM (ca MycmtMaHCKHM CTaHOBHHWTBOM) eepy je ce .11a
CDB KH 'IOBCK HMB y WYMH ceoj rnor (Crataegus) H, Ka.o: MY
.11ol)e epeMe .11a yMpe, on Mopa om.k.tt y wyMy .r:ta rii.j rnor
nOCC'IC, anu OH TO llHHH ll CXOTHQC, llCCBCCHO, Tj . HC 3uajy-
h11 na je ro lbCroe rnor H .ita ou Tpd)a 118 yMpe. Ilpe11
Kyho.'11 Epuka (npae.) y Wax6eroeuhuMa, y c:esepoucro<1-
uoj nowopHHH PoMattttjc, 6Ho je rnor . .Ue1.1a TJ)a>KHJia .o:a
cc OH TIOCC'IC, a.rm OTa ll HM TO HHje ,ttonyurrao, jep .o:a he
yMpeTH HCl<O H3 1<yhe a1<0 cc rnor TIOCC'lC.
Y MYCJJHMaHCl<OM ceny JIHnHHLUt KO.tl Ty3Jlc (Eocaa)
je.[Uln 'lOBCI< je yMpo ce1<yhH ll.PBO y WYMH. 01<omma
eepyje .na je yMpo crora wro j e noce1<ao ceoje .o:peo.
K o.o: Cp6a y HCKHM ttnHMa y nnaHHHH M aj eem.iH ce
ecpyje .na ceaKH 'lOBCK 11Ma y wyMH ceoje npeo. T o je
ll.P80 on epcrc cen6 (Corn us sanguinea), am1 HHKO He 3Ha
KOje je 6arn cra6no lbCroeo. Crora y ceJTHMa IlHnepHMa,
IlHpKOBLIHMa H Bpujecry yonwre HC ceKy CBH6oeo npeo
HHTH ra ynOTpe61baeajy Ma 3a WTO, jep •TO APBO HC eaJba
cjelrn 1, a TO j e crora WTO 6H cc Morno ACCHTH .ua 'lOBCK
llOCC'lC ceoje npeo. AKO Haby H cyxo CBH6oeo APBO, Helle
ra nomHTH Ha eaTJ)y (caonwrea,e D . JoeHha, npo<P.).
Y npeneny T onm111H (cvio CnamtH) MOrn o ce 'lynt na
je HCKO yMpo Hanpc'lal.l CCKyhH npeo. HHa'le, y TOM 1<paj y
JJ.pcH (Cornus mas) j e BCOM3 nOllITOBaHO ll.PBO H 'IOBCKOB
eerera6HJTHH ABOj HHK j e y HCKOM ll,peHOBOM cra6ny. H 3
CTpaxa .ua HC 6H KO TIOCCK30 ceoje APBO, ,upeH cc yonwTe
llC CC'IC. A1<0 ra Tpe6a YKJTOHHTH H 6aUHTH, .QpeH ce 83,ll,H
TpHOl<OllOM H3 3CMJbC, 113 KOpeHa, H TaKO c l<OpeHOM 6al(a
y eo.o:ojamy; HHJ<aJJ.a cc ue Mehe y eaTJ)y (caomurett.e
======21======
&oro1by6a liHpKOBHha, npoct>.). y ceny CoepJTHM3 (OKO-
m m a 8HCOKor, 6oc11a), KO.ll Cp6a, neua cy 6pana .11pc1t.H-
11e, anH nM crap11j11 1111cy 11onyw-ra.1m .a:a ce1-cy .1tpca. H
crapu ju cy CCKJIH JtPCH C3MO KOJlltKO HM Tpe6a 33 napomat<
(wHnKy) Ha ~JbHry. Bcpon arno cy 11 TllM Ta6y11Ma y
oc11oe11 eepoeatba o .n.pcHy 1<ao neojm11<y.
11 y OKOJTHHH Jlec1<oeua y Cp611j11 6HJio jc rora A3 je
rTOHCKO yMpo Hanpe'lal( CCKyhH ,ttpeo, lllTO je o6jawtt.aea-
HO THM .o:a jc noce1<ao .a:poo 1<ojc je •MOi+CJ.ta 113pacno 1 1<3Jt
je 113pacrao (ttacrao) u Taj 'lOBCK KOjH ra je cCKao (caon-
WTelbC ,Upar. M. D opljeoHha, CBCWTCHHKa).
Y KaMeHrpa.o:y KOA Ca11cKor M OCTa (ceeepo3ana.o:Ha
Soc11a) ll3HCHa,ll;Ha CMPT np11JTHl<OM CC'lCH>a UCKOr cra6na
o6jaw1baeaua jc pamijc TaKO .ua je Taj 'lOBCI< noccKaO ceor
•aaljena 'lyeapa 1. Oe.n.c cc, O'lHrllC.111!0, P3JJ.ll o M0.1:tmPH-
1<aQ11j11 11apo.1111or eepoean.a no.o: yTHQajcM llPKBC11or y<1e-
1t.a o a111jeny 'l)'Bapy.
0 1<0 1955. y 01-\0JlllHll Btt jenor n o.Iba (l.J;p11a fopa)
jc.uaH <meeK j e nao MpTae ce1<yh11 .D.PBO y rnyMH. Ha1<0 je
ne1<apc1<tt111 nperne.a:o111 )'Tepljeao .o:a je yMpo OA cp<1a1-1e
l<311H, CBCT TOMC HHj e eepOBll.O, Hero j e CM3Tpao ,D,a jc y111po
crora wTo j e noce1<ao ceojc .a:peo.
y Ol<OJIHHH JIHBHa, y JIHealbCl<OM no.lby, r.ttc >MHBC
Cp61-1 H XpsaTH, OAHOCHO npaeocnaBHH, l<STOJTHLIH H MY-
CJIHM!UIH, He nocroj u H3pa>f<CHO eepoealbC .ua ceatot 'lO-
BCK HMa ceoj e .o:peo, aJTH cc MO>MC llynt KaJ], HCKO yMpe ,Ila
tnocjeKJTo My ce .upe~ (caonrnrea,e M. PaJJ.ctt, npo<P.).
0<11trne.1UI0 .ua Taj H3p33 o,D,pamaea 11e1<a,ttarn1t.e jacuo, a
.n;auac npHl<pHBCHO, eepoea1i:.c y cy,u6HHCl< Y TIOBC3aHOCT
'lOBCKa H lbCroeor eerera6HJIHOr .IJ.BOjHHKa.
Oeo111 KOMnne«cy, ceaKa1<0, npttnaita H eepoeaa,e 336e-
nem euo y OKO.llHHH )f{en'la y Socutt (epno eepoeaTHo O.D.
Xpean K3TOJIH1<a): KaJ], HCKO MHOrQ CC'lC HJIH rynH w yMy,
rTOMpcke MY ACll3, jep jc TO CMptHH rpcx. •O
IlpcMa H3JIO>MCHHM TIO,D,3l(HMa, KO.D. Jy>MHHX CnoeeHa
HMa, HCCYM!t.HBO, rora .o:a cc eepyje .ua CB3KH 'lOBCK HMS H
ceor ecrera6HJTHOr .tlBOjUHKa y HCKOM CTa6ny y WYMH,
., T. ~:Haf>OAll<llJl9MOll~. 1""3M,XX,~Mt9111,IJJ.
=====;;;;; 212 =====;;;;
anu Ta K O JJ,a OH tte 311a 1<oje je ro cra6no. CaMO Y 11e1<HM
1<pajee11Ma ce eepyje Jl.3 jc raj serern6mnm ABOjmrn ~-
6no o,11;pcl)eue apcre: cn116 11a MajeBHQll, rnor Y nOll.PY4 JY
PoManuje, JJ.pett y T ornmutt. J.1Ha'le ce TO ecpoeaa.e 11c
BC3yje 3ll HCKY OJJ,pel)eu y epcry APBeTa. K oA Xc ecypa 113
KaeHa3y xpacr 6arpaTHOH je ABoj mu< •ina1ioea po.na
6arparnoua.' 1
Bcpoealbe A3. HCKO CTafuIO MO}KC ,!],a 6yne 40BeKOB
JJ,eoj mrn cycpek.e cc 11 KOJl H eMat..1a, am1 jc n 03HaT ~\O
je,!l,aH ripuMep 1<oj11 je y HCM.a•moj 11ayu11 ~xeaheu Hao
mpeTeapalbe • 'iOBe1<a y JJ,peo: 40BCK 113 JCJJ.HOr cena
cc1<ao cefo.1 ,a;ynau ua 11a1by TaHO .a:a je 3ace1.1ao ll 1wpy. Jlo
11e1<01m1<0 naua .11owao MY je l.J OBCK 113 n pyror cena 11,
no1<a3yjytm MY nocCKOTHHC ua ce611, peHaO My: •ETO ~TO
Cl! MC TH noceuao TBOj HM .11Y B3HCKHM HOif< CM. HeMOJ TO
BllWC .lt3. 4HHllW1•'1
n pcMa ll 3JJOJ.KCHOMC, cra6na KllO .lby.UCKll .!l: BOjHJlUll Y
eepoealbHMa Jym mix CnoeeHa m1cy 1111HaKBa cecra cra-
611a HH 1<ao epcra 1111 n ojc.o;m1a•rno, HHTll cy oua craHMWTa
11ywa ceoj11x JbYJlCHHX ,!l;BOjHMHa, HHTll y lbltMa nocrojn
u etta Hapo'mTa ny wa (Mauxaproea Baumseel e); 11Ma cra-
6a11a Hoja ce cMaTpajy Ta6y ttcaHHM crora UITO cy Y ee311 ca
MPTBHMa HJIH WTO cy CTallHlllTa JJ;CMOHCKHX 611ha (BHJia),
aJIH oua HHC Y JbYACHll .o;eojl!llUH.
AHHMAJIHH .UBOJHHK
Bepoealba y nocroj a11>e aHHManHor LlBO)t1111<a cy 311a;110
BHWe pacnpocrpalbCHa nero eepoealb8 o ecrera6HJIHOM
.neojHHHy, H y TOM CJiy<1ajy AOJla.JC y ~ Hp o.o;peljcH~
epcrc, a Hapo<mTO r Ma30BH, >HHBOTlllbC KOJC y HapoJJ;HOJ
pcmm1jH HMaj y H3pa3HTO XTOHCl<H KapaKTt:p. CTOra cy ;a
ecpoealba BCOMa 'ICCTO amtMHCTH'IH8 y cyWTHHH HJIH
aHHMHCTH'IKH o6ojc tta, aJIH TO mtjc yeeH CJiy'la j H, Kao
WTO he cc ettneT\l H3 JJ;8JbHX H3Jlara1Wl, HHCY llHMaJIO
= =====rn ======
pcTKH npll.\ICPH Jt8 0 011HOCHMa 113Me})y '108CH3 II penTH-
1111ja, 110 11apoLtHO.\I ecpoealby, HCMa HHH8HBHX 3HHMH-
CTH'IHllX npc.o;cra ea.
On Myc1111Matta y .Uolboj 3rowlm ( Ka1<a1b, Socna) cny-
wao caM .o;a c ea1rn: 'IOBCK tt Ma ceojy m 11eOT11lby, am1 .o;a OH
HC 3113 Koja je TO; J:UIKJIC CJIH'IHO eepoealby .na 'IOBCH HMS
11c1<0 ceoje 11eno3Haro cra6110. T o eepoealbC y 3rowhtt cc
n oue3yje c cpa:raJIH3MO.\I: n oljc imp. 'IOBCH .na HOCH Tpaey
u •uem 1• ra 3.'>luja. 1T o w ro j e u,eroeo, TO he ra je,n11or
JJ,an a TpecintT. • Oeaj noitaTaK mije GeaMJhCH u HC MO>He cc
C~IRTpaT tt 11enOTnyHHM, Kao llITO TO H3rnena HK npeH
norneJJ,. H a1tMe, cntt'lllO uepoaalbC je 336e11ewc110 u y
M11 jo1111h11Ma y ;pc6inbCKoj lllyM11 ( Xepueromm a): nopeit
OCTaJiora, 'IOBCHOB .neoj mlH MO»<C l18 6yitc II HCKa >J<H-
BOTlllba, aJl ll caMO TaHBa Hoja .rzy»<e >J<HBll.
Haj'lewhe ce Hao 'IOBCKOB SHllMaJlHH ABOj l!llK 38MHW-
Jb3. 3M11ja, HC38BHCHO o.n MHOl"l!X n;pyrHX ecpoealba 0
3.'1JtjaMa y BC311 ca 'IOBCHOM, a uapo'lllTO lt3 y 3MHjll >J<llBH
nyx 11c1<or npeTHa 11m1 yMpJ10r 'IJlaHa n opo11HQC. Me})y-
T11M, cycpehe ce, Kao 11 i<O.Q itpyr11x Hapo.Qa, eeponalhC J:ta
j e 3.ltu ja .neojHHH »<HBllX mn.1a, np11 'ICMY cc ucrJJ.e 38-
'"'"wn.a ita je 3M11ja teje 11 • 11e1<or nuua, an11 ca.Qp»<HHa
TaKBllX eepoeaH>a jac110 n o1<a3yje JJ.a ce PllllH o iteoj 1111Ky.
Ta te j e11 • y T0.'1 CJiy'lajy jc »<HBOTita c1tJia, IUIH ce!l.HWTC
aywc, 1UI11 apyra Jlywa O.Qp el)e11or qcJba,!lera.
Y Up11o j f op11 je 336e11ewc110, npe ny»<e epe111etta,
eepoea11>c Jla je Hyhna 3Mllja ( 1111a'le je onmTc uepoea!be
KO.Q Jy»<HllX Cnoee11a y Kyhuy 3MHjy) •wj eu HCHSl<BOr
HYT!ber •ICJba.QCTa, a KM 6 11 lbY y t<yh.11 y6HJIH, MOpaJIO 6H
0110 1<}'T1be 'IC.Jb3.lle 0114ac yMpu j c;u t .~ 3 T a1<0 11cro 11 8 y1<
Kapm,mh je HMao nOJtSTEIK 113 fpfuha y 6oK11 n;a 3,'111j y, HM
ce 11al)e y Hytm , HC nan.a y6 11T11, •iep jc 011a cje u o.n
llCKSHBOr l<}'Tlber 'ICJba,!leTa, n a lUI 611 ce 311'111ja y611Jia, II
OHO 611 qe.Jb3.JJ,C YMP11 0t. 0 c
nO'ICTHa xx
BCHa j c nOJl8TaH
113 K yt1a y Upttoj f optt: y TOM IIJ1eMe11y ce eepyjc .a:a cea1<a
Kyka HMa no jCltHY 3Mtt jy •H)'TlbllQy •, J<Ojy JIC eaJha
" 8. 8P'ft~Kh: Cp6o,1Mja x 1176, CTp. 91, H•ll<\ll n - T"x. I'. 'T>opl')cuh:
Ilptopo.'\& •. .,Cll3,LXXIl,&eorl"'JI 19S8, 121
••11y_.,,,.,,.,CE3,l,Gtorpo.il93"t,14.
 ======21•======
y611jam, jep je y JbOj •cjem HCKOr y1<ykaH1111a, na fol 011
OJ:i:M ax yMpo. 0 Cnwmo BCpOBalbe je 3a6cJIClt<CHO H y
llOBi!je BpcMe y .Uammony rpaJlY, TaKOljc y U p 11oj r opH:
,!lace y Kykuoj 3Mll jH llM33H teje11 • HCKOra OJl: tU13HOBa
nopo,nHrte. AKO Taj cnaea, 11>eroea .i:tywa yl)c y 3M11jy. AKO
611 HCl<O y6 110 TY 3M Hjy, MOpao fot 011aj YMpeTH. HcKa
YJlOBm .ta H3UIJ13 je y nOCTe.ll>li Meljy JtCQOM BCJlllKY 3Nmjy.
H 311ena je uanoJLe H y6ima. Ami, KaJl cc e paTnna y 1<yh.y,
HaWJia je cnojy Jl.CQy MpTBy: 11()113 cy yMp!la 33.TO WTO HM
jc MajJ<a 113 ll C311alb3 y61tna Kyhtty 3MHjy, CCII lhHXOBC
IIYWC t .'6
Bepoeatbe lt3. je y 1<yti11oj 3M11j11 .cjc11 • HCKOra on 1<ytrnc
na 6 11 TO <ICJhll,!lC y111pno K3.0, 6n ce Ta 3Mttja
'ICJhlll111 II
y6111rn je T111111<111a am1M11cr1141<a npe.1.1craea. Kapa1<Tep11-
CTH<1110 je JJ.a cc •cje11 • jae.n,a ca1110 y jyro3allaJlHHM 1<paje-
B1tMa, Tj. Y Upuoj fop11 tt Bomt. Y uawoj 11ayu11 jow m 1je
palll•rn w h.e110 mrralbe wn je Ta tejeu 1: npcMa roplbHM
no)],aQHMa, 011a 6H Morna Aa 6y.1J.e Apyra, HJIH cn0Jb11a
Ayllla '-iODCt<oea ( •external soul •), 1<oja >t<HBll oteurreua y
APYrHM 611k11.1o1a 1m11 npC)].MCT»Ma. c
)].pyre CTpaue, U3rnC·
)],a J:l3. cy •cjcuoeuTa • cra6na y creapH CTaHHUITa .IJ.Yllla
MJ)'tBllX Hllll .IJ.CMOl!a, jep cy Olla o6t1<tllO 11a crapnM rpo6.
Jb11111a 11 onacua cy 3a csa1<ora KO 11x it11pa . nOCTOj11, '-lllHll
.1o111 ce, H TµCtla .11orykuocr, 11a11Me )],a je teje11 • 11c1<a 6nu>1<c
flC0.1J.pt:l}c 11a c11na, c11epr11ja, t<Oja ucnylbaea 611ka 11 npcA·
MCTC II )],ajc HM 11apo'-lllTY Mok llllli cnoco6110CT11.
l13Ban Up11e rope Ii 60f<C Tat<O~e je BCOllla pacnpOCTpa·
n..euo scpoea11>C Aa uc BaJha y6njaTH 1<ykHy 3MHjy, jep a1<0
611 ce y6HJJa, yMpno 611 HCKO '-iCJba,Qe H3 Myhc, o61!<tHO Ca.'I\
ao.'1ah11u, amt ue.,1a n0Mc11a o 1<a1rnoj .cje1111 • . 3M11ja jc
jc11110CTastto 1tBOj111m. Moryk110 je aa je 11cJ<an.a tt y THM
J<pajcs11Ma 61!110 npe.a.crnea o 1cjcutt •, am1 je HCTO Ta1<0
Mor ykuo )],a cy cc T8f<BC llpt:1tCTaee y llpHOj ropu Ii 6ot<H
11af<11ruttto 11a1<ane1111111e 11a crapujc npeaHHMllCTll'-lf<C npe.o;·
crase. Eoo 11e1<om11<0 nonant<a o Tat<B0.'11 eepoealby 113
pa31111x 1<pajeaa:
"Cr. 11.y>tKI\: H O ~ . J;<JIO, ))7-) ) ~ .
.. M. MopHOOHll' 06H~•i~ H 11<pono.... cpn<J<Or ou.po.no. lkcHOU, XIV, 1929, $27,
......... ~ T HK . r ,llop i')coHl\:1U.Q3H. oot<Ty.
=====;;;215=====;;;
Dof< . Jh . .Uastt)],onuk 11aaoAH aa je ecpoaalbC y 1<yk.11y
3M11jy omure J<o.n; Cp6a. •Bepyjc ce, 1ta ke 11c1<0 113 1<yhc
y111peru '-il!M ce ttyeapf<yka y6uje. Ory.a.a ce pcTf<O f<a,Q
y611ja 3Mttja y uenocpc,1111oj 6ntt31!Hll CC.lba'-lt<e 1<yke. •"
Je1tatt n.pyru nu~ Haeon.u Taf<OQe Kao onurre cpnc1<0
eepoaalbC: f<O ce orpe1m1 11 y6uje J<yti.tty 3N11tjy, nj ke
BCHynl H BCH)'Tll H ttanocnCTf<Y YMpeTll. AJ<o KO CJly'-lajHO
yfoije 1<yti.11y 3Mujy, OH jc no1<onaea, H TO ca 6cnnM no1<po--
eo111, H caxpalbyje y 3CMJbY J<ao H ttoee1<a. 08 .UaHac je
TCllIKO peti.H f<OnH1<0 cy yonmTaealba THx a)'TOpa onpae1ta·
Ha; HCcyMlbllBO )],a je Tal<O y MHOrHM cpncf<HM 1<pajee11Ma,
anu ue 11 y CBHMa.
no jC1tHOM caonllITelby c Kpaja npoUIJ1or ee1<a, y lllyMa·
m1j11 ce He y611ja t<ylma 3Muja. AJ<o cc oHa y611je, yMpeti.e
crapcumua Kyke. 0 Ja caM HCllaBHO (17. anp11na 1967)
aa6enem110 1ta y npeiteJ11tMa jacenttllH 11 f py>1<11 (l1Jy111a,!ll!·
ja) u cana BJia.Qa onllITe eepoealbC ita he yMpeTH HCKO 113
t<yti.e at<O 1<0 y6uje 1<yk11y 3Nrttjy. Y OKMllHH n o>t<apeBQa
ce aepyjc n.a he aanyCTCTH 1<yha aJ<o y6ujy 1<yti.11y 3MHjy,
1<oja je rocno1tap 1<yk.e (caonwrelbC CT. Cot<Hh). Y Manc-
w eey, y MaKc.a.01111ju, aepyje ce Jia y csa1<oj 1<yfiu 11111a
ca1<puee11a 3M11ja: f<aJI ce OHa nojaeH, TO je 3HaK aa kc
llCKO 113 Kyti.e .rta yMpe. At<o naf< HCKO Halll)e Ha 3Mlljy II
y6ujc je, HCKO ke yMpern; af<O je 3MHja y611jeHa y J<yti.HOM
aeopuurry, y111pcke He1<0 113 ccna (.np r. n an111<pywcaa) .
Ta1<ea ucra eeposalba aa6ene>1<e11a cy 11y6oc111111 Xcp1.1c-
roet1HH. Y Jby6ulby y Xep1.1croau1111 ecpyjc cc: a1<0 611
y611n11 (1<yk11y) 3-'"IHjy Ha OrlbHUITy, yMpo 611 1<yti.11u LtOMa·
k1111 IU11t llOMak11L{a. TaJ<o 11cro u y 4 ajHn<ty (jyrottcrottna
6oc11a): y111peke llO.'llah1tH a1<0 ce y6uje 1<yti.Ha 3Mttja. A y
611CTpm{H KO)], Ilpuje,!lopa, y CCBCpo3afla,QHOj EocHH, BC·
pyje ce: a1<0 f<O y611je 1<yfi11y 3M11j y, yMpchc ne1<0 1!3 1<yti.c
npe romme aa11a. Cpfo1 naJ< y Tewlby eepyjy: a1<0 y611jew
Kylmy 3M1tjy 1<oja cc HaQe y 6ellJ11Q11, yMpehe rn .ttCTe.'"
~li~~Nh): )l(x"""'-•6oi.JW y 1<1pc>.111W0~-1- "-"l>, 11 ,
l'8'.' C. T poj....,..Mh: r,....,.M cpoa<M *P"O<HM <6r ...jM. C ll3, XVll , 6rorpo.:i 1911 ,
: ~'Ji:.,.~; ~:'.'~~~~36i;""." Cp6a <eJNJ<a. Cll3, I, &..,.,... 1894, 72 .
======216======
TH cy no.uau.11 c 1<paja npownor ae1<a. Amt, Ta1ma eepooa-
1ba >tUlBC It .QaHac: 1966. 3a6eJJC>IOiO caM Oll MYC!ll!Maua 113
Kopaja (cesepua no)lropmm Majee11ua, 6octta) JJ.a HC ea-
Jba y6HTH 1<ylrny 3Mlljy, jcp he YMPCTH KO 113 !{yhe.
llopeJl paa1111x .upyr11x ecpoean,a o at>mj11, y nec1<0Ba'-!-
I<Oj MopaBH HMa eepoealbc Hojc ce y cyWTJ!HH mojoj
ceo.r:.11 11a eeposafbe .rxa je a.1mja 11eoj111m n.o.11almtta 1<yhe
Hall cc uc1<0na aM11ja 11a fbum1, y6Hje cc 11 3a1<0na tta ucro.11
MCCTy, llOCTaBH joj cc KPCT O,!J, .D.PBCTa, 1:xa ra3,!l,a OLl lhHBC
ne fot yMpo. 5' 3aH11MJbHBO je na Hy Acf>pHQH, KOJ]. jc.a;11or
n.11eMe11a 11a 3nan1oj 06aim, HMa Tora ,!I.a cc cBC'latto
caxpa1byjc ynrnymt )],eojmn<-TOTCM .neonap}l,. 51
Ocaf>rn,e11 je no.QaTaK wro ra je OCTa BHO J. Xa1,m Baett-
JbCetth .na y C1<011C1<oj KOTmrntt Hyk.11y 3MHjy .r:1pme 33
HCKOra 0,1:1 ceojttx npaOTaQa ll npttjaTcJba 1<yRe 11 lhllXOBa
HanpeT!<a. AKO 3r.mja Hanycrn Kyhy, 0<1e1<yje ce HecpeRa
3a Kyhy. 53 TaKBO seposalbe HC Ha11na311 Ha IIOTBP.llY Hll c
1<oje Jlpyre crpatte y H3WHM 3eMJbar.13, a Hll y TOJ<Y MHOrllX
o6J.IJJ33aK3 CtWilCl<l!X cena y TOKy 1929-1940. HJ.lri:te 1m-
caM 1-1Mao npttmme .Ila <1yjeM lllTO cn1-1<1HO. Xar,m Bac1-1Jbe-
Btth je 1-1 11ua1.1e np11ntt<1HO HCilOp.Qa11 nuca1.1. CTora lbero-
BO caonlllTClhC Jl3 diM Hapo.ll y OJ<OJ!lillll CKOI!Jb3 1<ylrny
3MHjy CMaTpa HCl<llM OJl npaoTaQa Te Kyhe Tpc6a nptHUITH
c uajsekOM pe3cpso.,1, OJl11oc110 ne puMaT11 ra y o63up.
} ow s11we npHMepa o nowroBalhy 1<yhtte 3,,mje 11 o
Hecpeh11 1<oja 6u c11awn a ,tto~1ah rma 11 yKyhatte Kall 6tt 1.;o
M3 1<yhe y6110 Kyktty 3."otttjy u3uco jc npo$. Tm.:. P. Dop-
ijes11h.5'
A.rm HC caMo ,!la ce nowTyje H HC y6uja 1<yhtta 3,,rnja.
Cp6tt y Kynpeun<oM noJby (Eocna) CMaTpajy .na yomme
3MlljC HC Tpc6a y6ujaT11, <iaH llH one OTpODHC, 1<ao UITO cy
nocHOK H wapHa. l.foaeH 1<oj11 61t y6uo 3Mujy nmc 6 11
cKpainuo cboj :HCuboin (caonwTCJbC HoaaKa 3y6111i.a, arn-
CTellTa yuuaep31lTeTa). MycJmMaHH y cc;1 y Haxa1101.111Ma y
"llpar. M. l>opl)<sHb: )K"BOT" oli••<ajH ••po""" y Jlcc""s•~"oj Mopa11H
C E3, LXX, 6eoll>U 1958, 552
"H. Baumann :HU.pu, 184
" JOllaH XOl,IH BocH11.<:BHh: CKO<IJbC "tt.<:rooa OK<lJlm <a. 6<.>rpu 1930, )!14.
,. T>1x. P.'&opl)<sHh:Hae . .:1e.oo, 12(1-128
======211======
nJJaHHHll MajCBllQH ( Eoctta) 1<a3usantt cy r.m (1967) ,!la HC
saJba ,!la cc y6u je 3MHja KOja j e 1<0ra yjCJ1a: na1<we he cc
J13JlC<lllTH.
Ma.Ila cc rrna<1c 3MHje HCMHJIOCP,!1110 y611jaj y ( jcp t UITO
nyace Ha Tp6yxy, TO tt11je rpexoTa y6HT!l -, Ka1<0 cy r.m
1967. ro0op11m1 Cp6H Ha MajeBHUH), UMa H Tora ,!lace OHC
WTCJ:lC, 11e y611jajy. Ta1<0 ttnp. wo<PcpH y llCTO<IHOj Xep-
ucroamm na3c H HC y6ttjajy a.1mje Ha nyTy, He raae HX
ayroM.
Di11<1Ha aepoaalba y 3MHjy 1<ao .nsojmma Kao wro cy
rope ttase.neua cycpehy ce 11 KO.ll APYrHX 11apo,!\a. Y l.!e-
WHOj cc Bepyje .na y HCKHM KyhaMa llMa <lllT3BllX ar.111j-
CKllX nopOAHlla y KOjHMa CBaKll <IJJaH aaMelbyje <IJJaHa
JbY.llCHC llOPOllHllC ll UITO ce ,!I.CCII HOjoj ar.mjM, JlCIUaBa cc
ll <rnauy $aM1rn11jc. ss Bepona1bC naK na y l<ykHoj 3MlljH
>HllBH .llYX 1<3HBOra npCTKa, na )la ce crora HC y61lja,
003113TO je y pa3HllM KpajCBHMa CBCTa. 5 ~
Kon 111<0 r.m je n03HaTo, 1mr.llC Meijy JymHHM Dioseutt-
Ma mije scposalhC 0 3MttjH Hao JbY.!ICHOM ,!IBOjHHHY TaKO
ll3pa31!TO ll TaHO a(liBO Hao 6aw y OKOJIHHll CKOOJba, r,!le
nocrojll Hapo<11rr HYJJT 3r.mja, HOjH ca~1 11u1.1110 nocMaTpao
1936. If 1937. H II TOM Kpajy cy HH3<1C OntllTC no3HaTa
scposa1ba y Hyhu y 3MHjy. l13HaJl cena OpMaua, 1<oje je
11Ha<1c M11aljer nOCTaHHa, je 1<pc<1lba<1Kll 6pcr 3M11japm1H,
y <111je cc npHcojHc crpaue npe,t1, 3MMY cKJJalblljy MHor c
aM tt je .!la y 1beMy n pe311Mc. CTaHOBHHQll OpMana H 0Hon11-
11e scpyjy ,!la 3M11je ll3 3 r.111jap11111<a H3Jla3e I. MapTa, Kao ll
9. MapTa, no crapoM Ka.rtCll.llapy. H a ,!laH I. Mapn, HOjM ce
30BC ll JlCTHHI<, jep j c Tor naua HCHaJla no<1Hlba.rta 1-1 Hoaa
ro.ll11Ha, <1eHajy JM11je nornasttro crauonutt1.111 caMor Op-
MaHa, a Ha 9. MapTa, npa3HllH l.!CTp,!1.CCeT MY<ICH!lHa, noce-
THOllll tt3 ,!1.pyrttx cena. T y JlOJla3C .Ila O.!l 3M ttja Tpame
CTOMOkH >HCHC llCPOTl<HlhC, O,!IHOCHO 6CW<ICJ:{Hll cynpyacu11-
llll, MJ1a111-1htt 1-1 ,!ICBoj1<e 1<oj11 mene ;ia uaijy 6pa<1Hor .llpyra
II OHll HOjll .ll0Jla3C Pa.lltl 3,!1.paBJba, 0.llHOCHO llCQCJbClha O,!l
HaHne 6onecrH. Peijaj y ce 11a 3CMJbll m11waH11 • (nojacesH,
" A. Wuttb: Der deutoche Volk.,,bcljlaubc,M7, HlBtll<MO 111'<"• Tu . P. Dopl)<-
ew~: HaB . llt.M, ll , 120-121.
•• Tia. P. Dopt)<~M~: Hae. )lt.110, 128
=====;;;;21s=====;;;;
MapaMe 11 APYrH .11enoe11 o.aehe) )la 3."-1tia npcl}e TJ)H nyra
npcKo lbHX, na ce nOCJie TO HOCH 11a ce61t. 3.l!Hja KOja je
npc11a311na npeHO 1111wa11a He y6 uja cc rora .nana. OpMatt-
QH 'lyeajy ceoje 3M11je Aa T ypu11 1!3 C 1<0n.1b3. 11e 0Jt11ecy
!<Oj y y rpaJJ. na lt3BOJlC WTO c lbHMa KOJI Kyhe. y OCTa.JlC
.uane, CCM y Ta .n.ea, y ceny Op.l!ally HCMHJlOCpJJ.110 T3M3HC
3MHje. Haj 311aqajm1je je Aa JICBOjKe 1<ojc TY JJ.ol;y crauy
MCUpeA pyua H3 1<0j11x ce 04CHyjy 3~rnj e 11 goJUbajy JMuje,
II TO CB3K3 Jl03llBa no CBOM llMC11y : 11np. 1<oja ce 30BC
Bemma .no:mea 3MHjy HMCHOM •Bcmu<a •. (Bepyje cc lla he
JleTll 3 Mnje 6e)f{3Tll OJI CllOMCUymx .neaojaKa TOJl llKO Jl3-
JICHO t<OJIHHO ce qyje mac .uesojKc npn111111Q.l! ror A0311ea-
H>a, tt HM 11ehe npe-r11n 1 onac110CT 11.a 11x 3.'ltuje yje.izy.)
T o."' np11mtKOM J].eeojKe 11 neea jy npcn pynoM 11apoqmy
necMy t<OjOM cc ll031t83 3Ml! ja Jl3 BllJlil K~KO je ACBOjKa
ne no o6y4c Ha 11 HaKHkcua Y H aj311a4aj11nje jc y OpMau y
A3 ce 3.'tlu jc CMaTpaj y Kao ABOjllltllll >KCllCKHX Jntl(a, JlCBO-
ja1<a, 4Hja 11Mc11a u uoce , no scpona1by noceT!Ulal(a.
l1 y jC]lHOj11apo}lHOj 11pH41t H30HOmlllC nllpOTa(•QTl<aJl
jc 6a61l 3CT MllJmjm) 1<a3yje cc, nopen ocu.11o ra, 1<a1<0 cc
3MHjC y CBOM 311MOBllWTY npCTB3paj y H Jl3 CB31<3 33·
4ac nocraue >KCHa !Ulll JlCBOjl<3, 1<30 II Aa l!Majy llMCHa,
Hnp. nCTKaHa, j eneua, Map11ja, j oea UKa, HTJl.' 8 A.rm, y
roj npll41t HCMa HHl<aKBC 1111 any:mjc .na 611 3MlljC 61lJ1C
.neoj 1111l.(11, .'13Jl3 je eepoeaTHO .na je ecpoeatbC y OCHOBll
ttCTO 1<30 " eepoeatbC y OKOJJ llHll C1<0nJba.
Kao •IOBC KOB n eojuu1< jae.lb3.jy ce ti .npyr11 n pe.nCTae1m-
1.111 pe lTTHJla y HaWHM 3CMJbaMa, y n pnoM peey Jl3>KJ].eB-
lbaH 11 r yurrep.
0 JlQ>KJlCBJhlll<Y nocroje 11a BeJlllHOM reorpa$CKO.\\ npo-
CTpaHCTBY KOJl 11ac pa3Jm411Ta nepona11>a, 3 H3po4HTO Jla
kc o rnyncnt cea1<0 KO •1yjc np11ca1< y311eM11pe11or nam.Qen-
H>a1<a. ,Uaa<JlCUlh31< CJIY»<ll KaO JIC K. n oMoky !bCra CC
~1ome no4apaTH na cc nocrauc no6pa BC3HJb3, ttTJl. Muora
n1<ea ne poea}hll np111<ymm jc T ux. P . 'Bop~ee 11k.'~ no-
" M1U1.C. 4>1111Mno&Mh:Ky11T3'llljayooco.i11HM C - -. &.6.i100TO""ll<>n.-.""
..... x11n1jo11C10Dr•-2S,Miocellancal , &ocrpul9JJ, IJ6-l•l.
,. 8.'IU. P. H1u<o:not.:lKN..,..._ y....,._,...11PM_(ll3 llM~oocpyra).
f EM.lll,&ocrp..,.1921,107.
"T.x. P. l;opl)<.-t.:11a11.AC-'><>,l 81- l9J.
=====;;;;219======
ce6uo nO~HllhCM II HCTl!4 eM OBO ecpoeatbC 113 T Ol"UlllllC y
Cp611j11: .na>KJJ.CB}hl!K cc HC CMC y611jaru, II TO jc np1m Ta6y
1<oj 11 cc yca~ yjc Manoj ,!lCltll (caon w relhC 6. 1\11p1<0B1tka,
npocf>.). Me~yi-11M , J1amnemba1< (11 rywrep) jaeJba _cc Y
H3IIICM Hap<>AH OM ecpoea1by Ii Kao 40BCl<OB /:lBOJllllK,
Hua4e, o namnembaH y nocroje MHOra nepoea11>a, 110311aTa
nc k OJl CTapor l.!CHa. 3 na4aj110 je .Qa cc 11 HOA H cMa tta
uepyje ,!lace nam,!1CDEb31< 11e cMc uaJhynnu , a noroTollo ue
y611T11. l1 HOJl H e Ma11a ce ecpyjc i:ta kc ornyecn1 40Be K
aHO Jl31f(JlCBlbaK, npll.11111<0!11 xnaTalhll, nyCTll rnac Oll CC·
6e.' 0 TaHO llCTO ii HOll J ym111n: Cnoeetta II HOJl llPYfllX
napona cy 6pojua acpoaa}hll o ryurrepy. 61
AoK xp11I1Ika1t11 y npeJicny Jlcne1111m1 (cpei:t}hll Goc na)
scpyjy caMO .na cna Kll 40DCI< HMa ceojy 3BC3ny, MYC.111l M3-
1m ecpyjy na 40BCK, nope,!1 3BC3JlC, nMa 11 ce o r a<1mOTH1b-
c1<or llBOj HHKa, a Taj je ,!la>KJlCB}hl!H, f3Bmtd)Cihal< t , 1<aKO
ra OHH 30BY (Salamander). Ka.n 40BCI< yMpe ii 1<3,!l ra
caxpa11e, H>eioh n a»<nc mw1< AOl)e u 11acra1111 cc nopen
1bCra y rpo6y na MY 11cn11ja oq11, ya;1a411 p e11 y 11oc. Y
.11enc11114HOM ce.11y Ton.1111uu caM 336e.11ern110 aepoea1bC na
Jla>KACB!b31<a llC eaJba y6HTll (Myc.11. ); H 1<aTOJIHltll y ce.11y
X o,..,oJby 1<amy i:ta 11e eaJba y6ITTH ,!la>t<JlCB}hll1<a, Hao 1111
ryllITCp3. Y ceny Pa.naHOllttk11~ Y llCTOM 1<paj y caM CJIY-
tuao Aa 40BC K 411j11 nalf(JlC Blhlll< 11acrpaAa neke 11aTnT11 on
rora na MY Aa>t</:lCBH>aK y rpo6y 11cm1ja 0411, uero ke
MllPHO llCTpYHYTHj crora je no6po ,!la lhCfOB .na»<JlCB!baH
(•3enml)o •) nonrne pa1111je, " Tpe6a MOJJHTll Eora na
cea411j11 .QamneB}hl!K no nme 11a 4eTPJlCceT ,!la na pa1111je
(npe C~lpTll) .
Onucatto acpoea n.e, 1<011craTosa110 y 3aocrano.\I n pe,!le·
ny JlcncHHllH, 1111jc orpa1m4CHO ca~IO Ha Taj i< paj: 113f.11CAa
.na jc HCK!l]la 6Jmo It BUW C pacnpocrpalhCHO. fl OM lt!bC ra II
jc,!la11 pa1111j11 Cl<YllJbQll CTUOJ!Oll!HC rpa~c 113 Goc11c H
Xepucrou1111e . n o llITO je naeeo sepoea1bC n a 6 11 ornyeco
1<0 6tt y3HCM up110 •J:tttlf{l}elb3Ka• na on epncuyo, cao nll!Ta-
ea n oeo: •Ka.n BHJ:tHlll na*JlCB tbaKa , pett11: ,.Ua 6or na,
.. II. !Ucluokl-Sthbli: 11u. "°'"""V I, l9W}l9ll, 0$-~ .
"Tn. P. l;opl)<nh:,.. °""· ...ay; H. Bich1old·Sliubli: ..... "°'""' II ,
1919/19)0,672-680.
======220======
3f<O CH MOj , Jla yMpew npnje MCHC', jep CBaKJI 1.1onjeK ltMa
no jCJlHOr .r:tam.nemt.aKa KOj u fie ceo.\\ cax11611j 11 (,concrae-
11111<y') npeu 11ofi11 y 1<a6yp (rpo6) II CIJC33TI! MY XOlU-
-1,JCJIJl Hj y (A06po11om 1111uy) II llO'ICTI! ra jecrn, II TO O!l
aemrnor HO»mor upcra. , u He ac1111 cc 113 KOr jc Kpa ja rn j
110)13.TaK. A;m, c o63 11JXM1 Ha ro .zta TaKBO u epo eatt.e u y
TaKBOM o6mn;y mtje K OHCT3TOB3H O 1130311 CpeJlibe 6octtc,
H30 II co&m po.11 113 ofuum •JlJOKlje!baH . ()l(lj MCCTO >IC.tl,
eeo.'lla Kapaf<Tep11cr111.1a11 113ros op 3a cpemby 6octty) , epno
je nepoearno J:ta je 11 raj nonaraK 113 cpc,mbe 6octte.
Koll Mycm1Ma1ta y 01<omrn11 f opa»<.na (jyro11cro•111a 60..
c11a) nepyjc cc na cna1m 40BCI< l!Ma cnor .uamneBlblll<a.
Kan 'IOBCK yMpc , Tpdm JJ;aH 110 CMpTI! J],3>f<JlCBth31< My
.nol)e y 1<a6yp (rpo6). AKo je 'IOBCK 6 110 rpewmu<, Jl3>H·
ACB!bal< ra 1134111bC c HOCa; aKO j e 'IOBCK 6 110 npaeCJ:l3,H,
J.l3.m.ueefba1< neam nope.11 H.era y rpo6y. Crora ce ,1.1aa<.nce-
lb3K He CMe y611Ttt; aKO ce BHD.11 rne 11a ny-ry, •ua1t3t jc
(IlonywTCHO jc, .tto6po je .neno) y3eT11 ra y pyKy na npc11e-
T11 11er.ne y3 nnOT. n opc.n Tora, ja ca,"' n 11<1110 3a6encarno
TO aepoealbe y cf>parMCllTapHOM o6JIHKY Oll MYCJlHMaHa It
113 .npyr11x Kpajcea, 11a11~1e ii:a lie Ka.Il 'IOBCK yM pc ii:olm ·"'Y
y rpo6 11ajnpe ll:a>Hll:eBJbaK II llCTillTll 0'111 (611 jeJIO n o,"bC y
llpHo j f optt, Mocrap y Xepl{eroe1m11, YcntKonmia KO.tl
¢io4e, OKOJ111tta KaKlba y 6ocm1); y .Uo1b0j 3rowl'i.tt Hpaj
KaKlba caM 4YO .ua jc ceaan (Ilo6po ncno) y61m1 11:aa<11:co-
1ba.Ka Ha jCilHO 'leTpll:CCeT Hatta npe.n CMpT. Vfa rneii:a .!la cc
3a .uaa<J.tCB!baKa y TOj Yll0311 3113 11 KOJ.t MYCJIHMaHa y
Tcunhy: je11:11oj )KC1m y Capa jeey, Koja cc M11oro ruJawn-
na •.upya<l)e t, lhCH Mya<, po.noM 113 T ewu.a, roeoptto y
wa.rm: Ka.Il 011a yMpc, npnn lie KJ>O:l 11,y npolm ilpya<l;o
(caonlllTelbC Heuaua Xau11D.e.u11ha, acncrc11n ytt11aep-
3HTCTll).
Her.!le ce y om1cattoj ynoo11 11:aa<11:ee1i.aKa jae.lba rywTep
llJI H KOj11 .upyrn pcnTUn. T a je 33.Metta naKO o6jawtb11aa :
rywTCp je BCOMa CJlH'la11 JJ.3lKJl:CBJL.aKY o6JTHK O~I , BCJlll'lll-
llOM, KPCT3!hCM, a MHOro je 'lClllhH Oil: Jta)KJJ.CBlbaKa. Ha
., M)"lWl<;l<f>cj3'16tr K-M~: llCIUfGO Map<Wt<l>ol l-•i<Pi~ K.llHj<'fC­
... ,, .~ J &oc:KM" Xcpu•n~..,, ... rJM, X,Capo)<.., 1191,Sll
======221======
Kynl)tty, y JlttealbCKO.\\ nolhy, f na.'t!04KOM nOJhy, .Uy-
oa1t.e1<0.,, TIOJhY Ii y MpKOlbllh-rpauy M}'CJll!Ma1111 eepyj y
na KaJJ. ce noKona Mp-rnau, y 1beroe rpo6 ce yena'l1t
r ywTep, Koj11 MpTeauy yna311 tta ycra, npo1ia:m MY Kp03
TeJlO II TaKO MY KBapn ta6,ttCCH (pllTyan uy 'lllCTOTy);
crora je ceean y611T11 ry wTepa. HacynpoT TOMC, xp uwba-
1111 o611<1110 c111aTpaj y n.a jc rpexara y611T11 ry wTCpa, llJIH
3CJICM6atia. Htta<ie, KOJl 6yrapa, MaKeJJ.011al.la 11 Cp6a
eeo.'la je pacnpocrpalbCHO yoepcH>e .ua 3,'111 je m1j y Ol!H
MP'fB3ltHMa y rpo6oe11Ma. Kao oco6ttT npuMep rora ecpo-
ea1t.a ttauo,nHM: y je11:11oj Tym6annun H3 P11c11a, Kojy je
o6jaotto ByK Kapau11k 1849, yMpnoM cc crann.a jy y ycra
pel!H K3KO
Y gpyi<iMe [ipagy ] Ay rUa iyja .:Uabo
KCJjaht MUilCJiiurUCJ'<U14P1<e .....
CeM y 6octt11 H n omtMJby, rJle caM ra 11 n H<iHO 3116enc-
>H110, 1mr.uc ii:pyr.ne HncaM 336e.Jiem110 eepoea1bC o .naJ+<-
JlCBlbaKy II rywTCpy Kao 'IOBCKOBOM .ueojmtH y HllTll caM
11arnao r.o.e KaKeor n0Me11a y JIHTepaTyp11, ceM 011ora no-
,naTKa OJl M. cb. KaneTa11om1ha, a 11 Taj je, cnaHaKo, 113
6oc11c. M om.ua je TO eepoea1bC llOlllJIO cpncHoxpoaTCKHM
M}'CJIHM31111Ma c llCJla.'IOM, llJlil nocpc.ucre0.'1 llCJlaMa c
HcroKa, a.rm 1111 y ncnaMcKoj n11TepaTyp11 11e 11 a~ox Tpara
TO.\\C BCpoeatby. n ow ro Mel) y HaWllM M}'CJlllMalUI Ma ttMa
ii:ocra o6nac1mx crapocc11enaua, MOJt\,!l.a ce pa.0:11 11 o HCKOM
crapo." cnoec11cKoM, 11m1 6anHa11cKo.,1, ecponalhy. To jc
apno uepoean10. Y np1rnor Te npCTnocrae1<e roeopc 11a-
pOll1tTO npeii:craee PCllTltJla Ha 6ocaHCKllM CpelllbOBCKOB-
HllMcrck1111Ma. TaKo 11a 11ea crehKa y 601byH11Ma (Xcp1.te-
rom111a) jaBJb3. ce <Pa11TaCT11'11ta mttBOTlllb3., KOja 111. 6e-
umaruha no.ucelia Ha >HHBOTlllbC 113 po.ua rywTCpa: je.ua11-
ny-r ua 3Maja, 11pyru flYT 11a uen11Kor rywTCpa. (6cwnaru-
tiy ce 'lllHllJIO .o:a kc TO 6UTll CTICl{llcjlHKYM 6oJhy11a.}
Eemnarn k KOHcraTyje 11a 1t 3,'laj 11a l!yec110Mcre kK y 113 .U.
3row tie llMa cntt 1m o nom1j e11 pen Kao 11 Te m11e0T1tlhe 11a
•• 8)'1<Cfe4>. """"'"""'' Ka.""""'~• I. 6<'< 18'9, ICM .
======222======
crck1.t11Ma y 6oJbyH11Ma. u Ha qyee110.\ t o6cm1c1<y y &a1<11-
t.11 .~ K0.11 Onoea, 1<0j11 je, nepomm10, Mycn1u.1a11c1<11 11a.a-
rpo61111 cnOMCHJIK 113 np1JOr JJ.o6a TYPCKC B.i13,il,3BUHe y
6oc1111 (11 jow pal)e1i y CTapoj Tpa.!111u11j11), na jy;imoj 11
ceecp11oj crpam1 npe;:x,craeJbCH jc 11e11ewro 11 rpy6o tt3pa-
lje11 •3Maj c: 3.'!ajesa rnaua 3axaaTa muuc o.n 11onoe1me
ue11ora Tena. Ja caM Tana cMaTpao Tora •3Maja • xcpa.JIAH'l-
Hn M MOTllBO.\l.u noUITO CC JJHK f 3M3ja , , OJl!IOCl!O pCilTllJHI
c 11ora.11a, jaeJba nc caMo y Ea1mk.11Ma 11ero ll y 3rowk.11 11
y EoJbYlutM.a, cana sepyjeM Jia 611 TO .'olorno 611n1 y se311 c
sepoea1b1tMa o .11amneefu31<y, 11m1 rymrepy, 1<oju npaT11
ceor J.leojmn<a •1oeeKa y rpo6 11 na 611 TO roeop1mo 11 o
crap111111 ooora nepoealhll. Yromrn:o npc lllTO je 11 Ha
3HTH'll\llM 11anrpo61111M CilOMCHllL{ll o\13 ryurrep CllAl6oJI CH3
11 6ynyker yc1<pc11yli.a. ~· Bp.no je ecpoeaTHo Aa cy oeaKBa
ueposa1b3 Morna 611T11 noao.n 11 npc.ucraaJhalbY 3.mi je 11a
crefi1.i11Ma, Koja cc Ta.Kol;e jaBJb3 11a s11we ,\tecra Kao
OpHaMCllTaJIHlt MOTllB Ha crefit111Ma. • 1
Ko.u HeMaua y 11eK1tM Kpajemrna cc aepyje .na nocroj11
BC3a 113Mcl)y J.tOMahHx m11eOT111ba 11 ryu.1Tepa: cea1<a r ,1aea
croi.:e 1ma je.u11or OJ.tpel}euor rywTcpa Kao ceor 33UITHT-
uor a111)ena. Ta1<ae je.uaH rywrep 11e c.11c ce y611rn, jep 611
11 rn rnaea cro1<e ynrnyna, umt 6ap 1.1ecro Mne1<a .nanana
Kpe. 61
Kao u 3Mttje, H ryrnrepu (y1<Jby1.1yjyku TY 11 .na}f{J],ee1ba-
1<a), 'ICCTO ce CMaTPaiy XTOHCKllM :.t<HBOTlllh:lMa II KOJ.t
pa31111x uapoaa ce cycpehy ecpoaal-ba o UpeTBapalby JbYJ.t-
CKC .nywe nocne CMP"fH y T3KBOr pcnTHJta II en. Mel))'THM,
y \1 3Jl0}f{CHllM nepoe31bl!M3 113 boc11c 0 .lla>H.lleB!-baKY, H
rywTepy, Kao 'IOBeKOBOM .a.eoj11111<y, y caMOld 11apo.ny HCMa
yonwTe Tal<BHX a1111M1tCTH'IKHX npc.ncraaa. Hur.ne uu1<a-
1<ee anpttje Jl3 611 .nam.neel-baK, mm rywTep, 6Ho ce.nmure
.nywe, 11e<mja tcjc11• H CJ!. H11je HCKJbY'IHBO .na HX je
.. W. J;emnanoh:&o....Y>1M.Cnoptll<lp,K.c., Xll,6'oorpu.1961,179,191,200.
•• Md. c. 'l>IUUlrlOllMh: Cnp•u.. , J;atctduoul l<Oll o - . !'3M, XLl/2, C.119ic-
... 192&, 7,-76.
.. H. llkhl<>ld-Stiubti:llD.&...,ll, 68l-686.
LX;v~rl~I : Usknni motM N .. o6cin>o. SanijeYO 196S, nll-259, 11bk
.. H . Biclltold-S.aub~ : ..., . -.611 .
====== 221 ======
HCKllJ.t3 6rul0 H .na cy ua lbllXOBOj TIOJV10311 ll nacrana llCKa
o.n 11aeeJ.te1111x aeposa!-ba. Mel;)'TttM, <11rn.e1111ua je .ua H3·
nO;t<CHll no.naWt TIOK33yjy .na <IOBCK II lbCl"OB .neojmtK y
BHJlY J.ta>KllCBl-baKa, HJJH ry wrepa, nocroje CHMynn110 Kao
noTTiyua 6Hlia 11 .ua je Taj >1<Heorn1bC1<11 .nsojuHK ucnpuja-
TCJb, onacaH no <IOBCKa. fymrepll cy Mane II 1<paTKOBCKC
H<1tBOT111be. Y 11apoJ,t110M aepoealby, no .noca11awlb1tM
no.naL111Ma, 11eMa yonwTe o6jaw1bC1ba K3KO .110J1a31l .no rora
.na noje.QHHH .na>1<.nee1bat.lll, HJIH ryWTCpH, nocrajy JbYJl-
CKll llBOjHHUH. Y Acl>pHUH, r.ne HMa rora .ua ce rymrep
CM3TP3 'IOBCKOBHM .neojKllKOM, eepyje ce .na .no TOr 0.UHO-
ca .uona3H no To.11e wro je rywrep (ucro epc.n11 u 33
11ryatty, epcry pcnTHna) 11acrao llCTOBpeMeHO Ka.tta 11
40BCK.••
3Mttje, pcm1mH yonmre cy ttenpoceefie1111M JbYJ.lHMa
BCOMa 3aroHCTllC H<HBOTlllbC. 01m cy, 6y.nyli11 33.I"OHenm,
a 3M11je 11 eeoMa onac11e, y semmo."I nowrona1by ue caMO
1<0.11 11ac 11ero ll .npyr.ue y cee-ry, na ce H 3." lllje, 1<ao H
.upyrn pemHnH, jaaJbajy tt 1<ao qoee1<oe11 .a.eoj1rnw1. HH*
wn ce 11e 1<a>1<e 1<a1<0 .nona::m .no Tora o.n11oca: BepoaaTttO
ce 33MUWJba J.ta rnj o.nuoc uacraje ycne.n CHMynrnnor
.aonac1<a ua ceeT, o 1.1eMy ce mia<1e y Hapo.ay, 1<ao H o
.llY>+<llHH 3MHj1111a }f{H80T3, HC 3Ha HHWT3 OJ.tpCl}c110.
3.11uje ii yonwTe pcrmmH K0.11 Mttornx 11apo1.ta cy H3pa-
311TO XTOllCKC >+<HBOTlllbC. An11, TO He 3Ha'll! .ua cy IbYAll
1101.!CnH .na noWTYiY 3M11je H .na OKO tbHX ucnpc.nai y pa3H3
eepoeatba TCK ca nojano.11 am1M11cr111.11<or rne;::talba ua CBCT
ll aepc1<11x npc.ncraaa ua 1bCrosoj TIOJVI03H. AttHMH33M
yonrnre 11e caMO .na 11uje 11ajcrap11j11 o6nHK pen11rnje ttero
m1je "" Muoro crap: ecpoaaTHo ce jam.to H pa3BHO re1< y
11eon1tTy. A JbY.Ull cy ll npc Tora, npe npena:Ja 11a npo-
ll3BOJJ;tbY xpa11e H H<llBOT y CTaJlllHM HaCCibHMa, llMamt
HCKC norne.ne Ha CBCT. n pc.ncraee 0 'tODeKOBY J.tBOjHHKY
cy, CBaKaKO, crapu je o.n al!HMH3Ma. Kao WTO cy IbYAll
BH.QCJIH MHOWTBO 39e3,ua 113 11e6y H3H3.U ce6e, TllKO cy
BHJ(CJIH Ii MHOWTBO 3MHja Koje cy ;::tOJJ33UJle 113 3CMJbC,
ucno.n lbHX, npcMa <1eMy nncy Morm1 .na 6y.ny 1111.11Hct>e-
" H. Baumann: _ __ rn.
=====~ 22• ======
peunrn . H 11je 6Jmo TCWt<O J10eecr11 cc6e y ec3y ca 3BC3Jla-
Ma ua 11c6y 11 3MH ja.~a y noit3CMJby. Bp110 je 33 HHMib ll BO
aa Cp61111a nna1111HH Ma jee111t11 y 6oc1111 ecpyjy )la nocro-
jc iiipu cb11jeiiia: jeJJ.aH ceeT cy m1rn11 JbYllll 11a noepw111111
3CMJbe, APY rH CBeT je llOJ], 3CMJbOM (r,!l,e cy Tena Mprn11x) , a
Tpch11 jc CBeT ua 11e6y (rJJ.C cy 11ymc yMpnux).
BepoaaH>a ,ua 11e t<a m u eOTmba, CCM 3Mlt jc, yna:m y rpo6
MpTBa!IY 11 .na MY ucrmj a 0 <111 11Ma 11 apyr~c, amt 6c::i
1ma1mc ee::ie c eepoea1bCM y <1oee1<oea .QDO) HJ.H<a. K oA
Mycn11Ma11a y Par.m (6ocm1) cc ecpyje ca~10 .na <tonc1<y, 1<aJl.
yMpe, n pno nol}e y rpo6 •Alla<ll ClbaK•, a y OKOJHIHll
Eyroj 11a - .aa y rpo6y uajn pc •rywfiepmta • OKYCH Meca
OJJ. MpTBaQa. A no eepoeaH>y Mycn11.11a11a ua Majcmm,11, y
ceaep11oj no.nrop1111n Majemme 11 y 611jeJh111m, TY ynory
e plllc, no 11apon110M eepoaa11.. y, aHpemt (ct<0pmt011u):
MJ)TB3Q)' y r po6y CCJ],MOr 113H3 n y u3j y 0 411 II •i:UOt<e~lba­
Ull t 11 a1<perm HX eme 11 je.11y; y 611j eJb111111 ce eepy1e .113
31<pen11 yJn Majy .11y w y. Ha Ma jce11u11 C3M CJ1y w30 , 1<a1<0
OJ]. MYCJJllM3113 TaKO II OJl npaeOCJl31JllllX, .113 113 MPTB3U3
J!Ol}e 11aj11pc •p8J:la' (may1<t, 1<o j11 ra ma411Jt.e•, 1111je MY
0'1M ( n o.11auu 113 1966. II 1967). Mcl)YTllM , TC >t<llBOTl\lhC y
TllM r pynaMa m1cy JlBOj1111u11. H e.-.1a upcm:raea o TOMe Jl3
611 cna1m 4oee1< 11Mao ceor .11am.11ce1b3Ka, a1<pena 11n11
pa.n,y. Bpe.1111 .11a no~1e 11eM JI TO WI cc KOA upuoi:opcKHX
.llOCCJbCHHKa y npe.11en y Ja6n311111111 y Cp611j11 ecp y 1e Jl3 11e
n an.a y611jaT1t :iene.116ak3 11 Jla»<nee11,.a1<a: yMpeke Maj Ka.
Cp611 y n3jTOB-X3HY KOA Bapewa y Boc1111 HllCY .11on yw n1-
Jlll .neu11 na y6u jajy Aa>t<J1en11.a1<a 11 cne uuka.
4 oneKOB !lBOjH!tK MOace WI 6ync ByK, Kao ll Meil.BCJl. y
11pe.11cny Xo,'11.on.y y Cp611j11 336enc)f(c110 jc Dcpoea11>e Jla
'IOBCK KOjll jc •iC!lHO/l3H • c 1<ypjaKOM, Tj. Koj 11 ce po1.1110 y
llCT\l CCltMl14111l i:i:a11 Kao WTO cc llCKll KYPJ3K OKOTllO,
MOpa y:.1pern 4HM ce tt.eron jeg11091111K y6 ujc ~11 mmuic.
( H nae KOjH ce OWTCHliO llCTOr a ;1a11a c KYPJ3KOM MOpa
n o6ecuern 411J\I rnj 1<ypja1< n o6cc11 11 .) HnaH, eyK ce y6u-
ja.70 Y ceaepo11cro411oj Cp611 j 11, 1<aHo je 11e.nas110 336e11 e-
J+te110, BY!< llJJU Me4K3 KOjl! cy cc OHOTllml llCTOra J.UlH3
======22s======
1<a.11a j e pof)cuo ucHo Aere 6o.noeakc i<aJJ.a 6y.ne 6o.noeano
TO JlCT"C H y ruu y tle llCTOra Jl3Ha K3Jl3 yMpe II TO llCTC. 71
3a1111MJb11eo je Aa y :iana;:uioM Cynauy 11Ma eepooaH>C ll3
40BCKOB neoj 1111K nocraje KpoKon1rn Koj 11 je 11cror na11a
Jl0lll30 Ha CBCT.H
.lloK ce He 3113 K3KO ce y 11apony 33MHlll1b3 na 3MUja II
.Q3)f(.I{CB!haK nOCTaj y 4 0BCKOBHM .I{BOjHHKOM, y cny4ajy
B)'Ka H MCltBCAa Y:lHMa ce na Ollll. nOCTajy llBOjHUKOM
ycne;:i: Tora WTO ltOna3e ua CBeT y llCTO BpeMe K3Jl3 H HCl<O
1hYltC1<0 611he. CaMO y 0 1<onmm C1<011Jba j e jacno 11:ipa)f(e-
110 eepoealbe na me11e HMajy 3.\o\11jc1<o r .neoj HH1<a; Jlpyrite
11:irne.na K30 na ltBOjHllK3 HMaj y C3MO MYlllK3 n m.ta. Ta1<BC
l!CllOTil}'HOCTH, }(30 H o rpa1!114CHOCT reorpa$cKC pacnpo-
crpalbe l!OC"nt nojemm11x Olt n oMCHynlX BCpoBalba 113 HCKC
ofuiaCTH IUIH npe.aene, noKa:i cy .11a ce paJJ.11 o crap11M
eepoealbHMa Koja ce llO uac 1111cy 04yeana y ceojoj npno-
611THOj llOTnyHOCTH. .
n. KeMn j e 335eJJeJ+tHJl3 Ha uaweM Tn y ( H TO, CB3K9.KO,
Her;:i:e y 3anai:tHllM Kpaj eBHMa, noUITO H3BOJltt TCpM ttH
•6Hjec ') K3}(0 llM YH HTCT on 5eCHllJl3 llOllCHa/l HaCTajc Ha
Taj ua•urn i:i:a je 4C1b9.Jle poljeu o uc-rora itana 1<31.1a 11
)f(HBOT11u,a ( nae 11mt .npyra) }(Qja je no6ecu ena. 13
Y.oeeH MOJ+te, 11 n o H3lllHM uapo.D.HHM eepoeau,11Ma, ita
6y.ne MllCTH4HO n oeeaau II ca CBOj HM .110.'llahHM J+(HBOTll-
!haMa. Ilo,naTaK3 O TOMC HM3M1 33 ca)la, C3MO OJI Cp6a H3
OKOJIHHC Jhy611lb3. y X ep1.teroB11HH. y TO.\ol Kp3j y ce eepy j e
na u ecrauaK 11e1<e rnaee CTOKe, 11np. KOfba lfJJll roee1.1era ,
31134H ll3 he llCCT"llTll II HCHO '1C.1h3JI.e H3 Kyhe. 3aTUM, y
TOM Kpaj y ke ce Ha EoJ+ttth je,nue roiurne y 11anpe.ll OJlPCJlH-
TH OBWl KOja he ce 33KJl aTtt o 11ape.n110M Eom11k.y. Ai<o 6H
ce D:ec1mo l19. Ta oeua y nme 111111 ce pa36o1111, CTp9.Jla y
TOHY ronm1e , n eke 6uTH .11o6po 33 ltOMahn11a: yMpeke,
pa36o11eke ce • .UoK ce y npeoM cny4ajy pan H, 0 1.111rnen110,
0 CllOHTaHOM )l,BOj1111Ky, y JlpyroM cny..i:ajy OBJ.ta nocraje
======220======
11eojm-1H THMe WTO jc OJipel}eHa 33 }!{prey, Hoia he, epno
eepoeamo, HM3TH .a;a 33.MCHl'I J:lOMak1rna II npo.rty>KH MY
>HHBOT 3a ro,!J,HHY .o;a11a.
lhMel)y l.JOBCKa II J:lOMa lrnx >IH! BOTltl ba ll0Jl33H llO a¢rn -
llllTCTa 1t ycneJJ. ,t1,yroTpaj 11or 33je,rum 4Kor pa.ua, " Taj
aCl)lfHUTeT MO>t<C All nonpHMH oco6HT o6mtK. y JaJJ:py (330.
Cp611ja) caMH ctlb3UH KOJby cro1<y. A rm JJ.0,,1atmH 1111<iuo
HC HO.lhe roee•1e ca 1<0jHM je pa.AHO Hit Kpaey KOj a MY je
OTCJlllJl3 HC HOJIHHO TCJlaAll ( Hero npyn1 Tpe6a .na MY 33KO-
JbY numo roeet1e).1'
CYIIITl1HA 11 3 HA'1AJ BEPOBA!hA Y
'10BEKOBA EKCTPAXYMAHOr
.UBOJH11KA
n o,.a.QH 0 pa.:mllM BpcraMa eepoealba y \IOBCKOB3 llBOi-
H HK3 KOJ.t JY>l<Hll X CnoeCH3 n 3JlO}f{CEHl y n p en::O,!l,HHM
OllCJhl{HM3 mtcy MHOro6 p oj m1 n o KOJIH<lliHH, H apol.! HTO HC
c o63HpOM Ha eenH•nm y Tep1nop11je lhttxoea pacnpOCTil-
pau.a. Mel)yrHM, .epno je eepoearno .Qa rora y ttapony
CTB3pHO HM3 ll BHWC. nowTO CaM ja C3M Jlll'lllO II 336eJ1C-
>tU!O eekHHY THX no.aarnKa 0 itpyrHM BpcTa.Ma llBOJHttHa
CCM acrpanuor, ysepeu caM tta 6 11x 11x u awao 11 itpyrtte
tta caM 11Mao np11mn<e tta jow e11111e nYT)'jeM H ttcrpa}f{y-
jeM, a ,ua 6H II llPYrll HCTpa}f{HB8'1H HaWJlH TaHBHX no-
ttaTaHa .!la cy o6pahan11 na}f{lby H ua Ta1<sa eeposalhll.
Csa1<a1<0 .!la 61t opraHH30Bana w u pa ucrpa}f{HBalbll OTHPll-
na jow 1<oj H HOBH nottarnH, 'leMy 11 oeaj Moj npttnor Tpe6a
,ua nocny»<H 1<ao nO.!ICTHuaj. YTOm11<0 npc WTO ce os11M
np11noroM H He pcwaeajy HOHa'IHO CBH npo6neMH HOjH cc
KpHjy y T3.l<BHM eepoealb11Ma, Hero CTBapuo C3MO H8'1HlbY
tt nocrasn,ajy. Hna1<, nOTpe6uo je tta uanoMetteM .!la caM
na MOja pacmtTHB81ba 0 T3.l<BHM eepoBalbHMa y no j e.!IHHHM
1<pajesttMa o6tt'l llO tto61tsao caMo ueraT11e11e O.!lroeope,
oco6HTO y 1<pajeBHMa Ha cesepy H 3arnlJlY {Hnp. y Ol<OflHHH
"lkpawoT....t.:(J.,..p) ~. rE.'4,XXY l l , 6--pt,Al964,7l.
======221======
,llo6oja y 6ocu11). A.11 11, TO ue 3tta•m ,ua TaHBllX eeposalbll
11 nornetta 331tcra HCMa: •1ecro JhYJlH tt3 11apoJJ.a 1<p1tjy
Ta1me encMCllTC, a jow 'lewke 11 11e Mory tta cc ceTe 1<a)l ce
nOCTaBJhajy llHpeHTHa []HTalba: o61t'lllO ce llO uaj6oJhlIX
o6aBCUJTClba 0 oceTJhl!BHjHM eneMel!Tl!Ma 1!3 11apottHOr
}f{ll BOTa, oco6HTO 113 uapom1e pemir11je, .!10fla3H CnOHT8HO
II 32o611na31!11M nyTeBHMa.
y OBOM CBO.'ol cm1cy ymrrpe6.n.aea,'f! TCPMllll gbojHUK.
Huje nj TCpMHH oco6nro cpenu HJ111 no.11ecau , an11 33
can:a 11c 311aM 3a 6oJh11. H11 y eTHonow1<oj n11-reparyp11 Ha
crpallHM je3HQtt Ma tteMa TCpM11 ua 1<oj1t 611 nomyuo o.aro-
napao nojMy 0 KOM ce Pll..!lH. H aj 'lew h 11 TCPMHll 38 TO je
alter ego, y n l!'repaTyp11 ua eu rnec1<0M je3111<y jow 11
double. Y npunor y nOTpc611 ttawe pe'IH •n:soju111< c roeo-
PH II TO llITO CJll!'laH TCpMHH nOCTOjll y HaweM uapoJJ.HOM
roeopy, a TO je noM1Uha1111 repMllH •n p11J1eoj eu c 113
X epucroe1me.
Haje11we cy pacnpocrpa1beua eepoea1hll o acrpanttoM
n:eojHHKy, Ta.KO )lace c ny1111M npaeo.'ol Mor y CMaTpant Hao
on wTa jy»<110CJ1ose11c1<a, a no3HaTa cy tt .npyr11M u apo.!IH-
Ma. C eepoealbHMa y ocrane epcre .!lBOj m rna u11 je TIIKO:
noje)llrna Ta.Kea eepoealba cycpehy ce TaHol)e Ha eenm<OM
npocrpaucrey ( MaKe)lou11ja, Cp6ttja, Upu a fopa, .lla.nMa-
u11ja, Xept1eroeHHa, Socua), amt TaKO ,ua ce uer.ne cycpehe
eepoealbe y jewiy, a Her tte y n:pyry epcry .11eoju111<a.
Bepoealbe y 3M11 jy 1<ao .neoj nttKa j e cpa3Mepuo eeoMa
pacnpocrpalbc tto, n:oK je eepoealbe y .aa>+<)lemt.a1<a 1<ao
1mojmrna ceo jcreeno caMo Mycn11Matt11Ma cp11c1<oxpeaT-
c1<or jC3HHa y cpe.nlhOj H jyroHCTO'IHOj 6oc1111 H 611eweM
CauuaHy, a nepoealbe y H3BOpe H KaMeH KftO llBOj H111<e
KOHCT3.TOB8HO je )lO ca,IJ,a C8MO y Xep QeroeHHH H je.IUIOM
Jlen y 6oc11e; eepoeaa.a y cra6na Kao JJ.BOj HHKe cycpehy ce
cnopa.n11<iuo y pa3HHM o6nacntMa. 0 '1ttrne.D.Ho je )la cy
n1<ea eepoealbll eeoMa cra pa, a llITO 0 11a JJ,attac u 11cy
no:m aTa 11 y CBHM 1<pajee11Ma r.ae * HBC JY*llH Cnoee1111,
TO j e cace 11M pa3yMJbHBO, jep j e TaKBO CTalbe nocne.n11t1a
npoMetta KOj HMa cy jy}f{HQCllOBeHCKll HapQllll H3Jl0}f{CHH
OJl .naBHHHe. Cea noMen)'Ta ecposalba o .aeojHHHY npe.rt-
CTaB.1b8jy y CTBap 11, eepoeanm, CaMO He3Ham e OCTaTKC
======22s======
HCKOr paHHjer eepc1<0r CllCTeMa 111111 r10r11eita 11a ceeT,
KOjc cy nOT1-tCHym1 11 np11ryw11m1 llPYnt nornelm 11a cee-r,
11apo•mro a11llMH3aM, a y t1crop11j cKo .uo6a c11am110 ra
pa.36ttno ll nOTHCHyno no6eAOHOCHO xpHwha11creo, KOMC
cc nOCJJc np11.upym110 11 1tC11aM. A y 11aj110BI1je epcMe
uarne npoMette l<oje cc epwe 1<011 j y)l{1rnx Oioee11a on
XIX ee1<a, 11aj npe ca npo.1v1pa1beM 1<anwra11113Ma tt umpe-
lbCM eeponc1<e npoceeheHOCTH tt HaY'mor rn e.Qalba 11a
CDCT, a 33.TlfM ca n o6e.r:tOM COUttjanHCTll'lJ<C peBOJlytlHje,
llOBOltC .uo 6p30r HW'IC33B31b3 MHO rH X crapHX o61t•rnja,
CXB3T3.fba II eepoeau,a. Ka,!1 cc TO CBC HMa y BHJly, OHJtll jc
caCB HM .uonyWTCHO )13 CMaTpaMO ,!],3 cy scpoeafba y '-IOBC-
KOBa B311JbYACKOr 1lBOjH1-1Ka onwn j y>KUOCJlOBCHCKa ll
.rta11ac, a .ua cy 11e1<a.aa foma 11 ja<Je 113pa>t<e11a 11 jow e11we
pacnpocrpalbe11a.
Ha OBOM MCCTY YMCCHO je C1<pc11yr11 Ila>KlbY na eeh caM
rnj KOMnne1<c eepoeatba noKa::iyje ita je 11 y !beMY 611no
CHHKJ)CTll3Ma. Ha11Me, 0411rneAHO je Aa cy ce eepoeafba y
acrpaJmor .ueojHHKa pa3e11ja.na no.a; YTHllai 11Ma xa.n.uejcKe
acrpOJJornje. MeljyrHM, o nopeKny nepoeafba y .upyre
apcre .uaoj HHKa, Kao H y .ueojmma yonwTe, He MO>Ke ce
l'OBOPHTH c TilKBOM CHrypHowh y, na ce Mor y je,UHHO no-
CTaBJbaTH npernocrasKe.
Cn1t41111X ll J.tenHMH4HO HCTHX aepoaafba 0 .uaojHHKY
Kao WTO cy omtcaHa aepoaafba KOJ.t Jy>1<.1111x CnoaeHa HMa
II KO.U .upyrHX HapoJ.ta, H 0 JbHMa cc 3Ha II y 11ayQH, aJIH ce
11ayKa, Kon11Ko MH je noo11aro, 6aeW1a oneoje110 ceaKOM o.u
rnx rpyna, Tj. noce6Ho cy paCMaTpaua aepoeafba o •3ae3-
,!laMa • Kao ,!lBOjHHitHMa, a noce6110 o >KllBOTHJbaMa 11 cra-
6n11Ma, na 11 pa3JIH'IHTO o6jaw fbaaa11a. Meljyr11M, Kao WTO
113JIO>KCllH 110,!lall.H H3 o6.naCTH y KOj HMa >KllBC J y>KHH
Cnoee1111 noKa3yjy, re epcre .!lBOjH11Ka 11e Tpe6a pa3,!leaja-
TH Kao .ua ce pa;:ut o noce61111M apcraMa eepoeaH.a 11,
crora, ue Tpe6a 11x HH noce6110 pacMaTpaTH. H e Tpe6a TO
4HHllTll eeh HH crora WTO cy Ta eepoeafba llCTa H CBOllC cc
Ha TO .ua CBaKO JbYllCKO 6Hhe llMa llBOi llHKC, KOjll Mory
6HTH 61t ha HJill npel(MeTll, na ,!la 'IOBCK y HCTO BpeMe HMa
It .nea, a MO>t<Jta II BllWC TaKBllX .!lBOj1111Ka, Oll KO)HX OH.Ila
je.ium MO>K.e 6HTH >K.1180 61the, a .!lpyr 11 HCKH HC»<llB
======229======
npe.llMCT (ttnp. 3BC3.!la ll HCKa J.i<llBOTllfba, 3BC3lla It .!1.PBO).
J1 Ha 080.\t MCCTy Tpe6a TIOMCHynt H 11crali.11 nortaTaK 113
lpclilllbCKC lliyMe .na j e CBaKll 'IOBCK tnpll,D,BOjett• 33.
HCWTO WTO je .a;yroee4HO, a TO MO»<C 6HTII .11peo, KaMeH
11n11 1t<HBOTJ.11ba. Il0Tpe6110 je jow 11crah11 ,!la cea eepoea-
fba TC epcre KOLi J Ylt<HllX Cnosetta HllCY T3KO OTBOpe11a H
np1tcryna•ma 11cnmttea4y; 011a 113611jajy tta noepw1111y H
Mory ce Ca3UaT1t yrnaBHOM caMO y 11apo4HTHM npHJIHKaMa.
Ta 11HH.em1ua npeAcraelba 11aj sehy rew1<01ly 3a o6jaw-
H.elbe ror eepoaa1ba, an11 TO mije H je.111111a TCWKOha.
,llpyra TCWKOha je y TOMC WTO 6ap LIO ca,aa 1111je 326ene-
>KCH llHKaKaB MHT 111111 nere~a KOjH 611 n paTHJlll II o6ja w -
fbaBllJIH jy1t<HOCJ1oee11cKa eepoeafba H npe.11craee o .neoj-
HltKy yonurre HJI11 KaKo cy 11aCTaJ1e nojeJJ,1111e epcre ABOj-
1111Ka. TaKo llCTO, HCM3 HHK3KBHX 1111C3HllX BCCTll HJill
no.QaTaKa H3 p31111j11x npeMe11a o TIIM eepoeaJbHMa KOA
J y1t<HHX Cnoeeu3. Tpe6a HMaTH Ha Y·"Y H Aa cy ] )')Kii li
Cnoeemi cp3.3Mcpno BCJIHKa 11apo.a;11a rpyna ca aeoMa
6yp110.\t H CJIOlt<CllOM CTHH'll<0.11 npoillJlowky II ca .nyro-
Tpaj110.11 TJ)3,!Illl{l1jOM II Y'fHl{ajMMa pa311M'IHTMX cl>nno30<P-
c1mx 11 eepcKnx CMCTCMa. Oi111oc11 cy 11 y norneny pen11-
r1-1jcK11x npeACTaB3 MHOl'O cno1t<e1111j 11 11erom1, imp., y
HeKoj Mane11oj rpynu 11m1 nneMe11y y 01<ea1111j11 Koj11 cy
TeK y Hoe11jc .a;o6a noman11 non Y'fttllaie Mo.nep11e 33.naA-
tb311Ke ItHBllJil-133l{Hje II y KOjl!Ma cy HH34C p311Mj 11 0,ll.HOCll
11 cxeanfba 0 4yBaH11 np11m14110 y ceojoj npeo61tT110CTH 11
jCll!!OCT3BHOCTll. IlOCefilly TCWl<Ohy 33 MCHC JIH4110 npeJ.t-
CT3B!b3 TO llJTO CMaTpa,\t .113 .11e¢>11HHTllBHO pewe!M oea-
KBOr npo6neMa Hnjc MOryli.110 Ca.'o\O Ha OCHOBll r p31}c H3
je.!l11ora 11apo,!la, 113 jeAtte KynType, naKo 1<ao ocuoaa Tpe6a
.aa CJJynrn .ao6po no31rnBa11;e CT3JL.a o611<iaja, npcJtCT3Ba,
ycra11oea 1rntt ecpona11;3 KOJl jemior 11apona HJIH r pyne. A
110 MOM .uoca,aawJbCM 31!31bY, TaKea scpoealb3 0 JlBOj HMKY
Y o6m1Ky Y 1<aKBOM ce cycpchy K0.11 J y1t<1111x Cnoec11a
llHCY 6aw T3KO 'ICCTa HOA .!lpyr11x 11apo.11a, Ma,aa HMa
eepoeafba y 3BC3,!lC HJIH lt<llBOTHJbe H cra6na Hao .!lBOjH11-
Ke, TaKO .Qa tteMa ycnoaa 3a w11p3 nopel)efba H 113eol)elbe
3aKJb)"l3Ka Ha lbllXOBOj OCllOBJl.
======230======
Beposalba H npeJlCTaae o <1oaeKoay J::[aojmrny no3ttani
cy KOil. pa3HHX 11apo11a, arm ce ttawe jy>t<ttocnoaettcHe
npe,!tCTaBe H seposatha 0 TOMC y OCH OBH 3H8THO pa3JlltKY-
jy Oil. TaKBHX aeposalba H npei:tcrasa HOll: ,o:pyrux 11apo.na,
KO.Q 1<0j11x cy Ta1<Ba sepoaa!ha y CYlllTHHH MaHaHCTH'IKa
HJJII a1111MttCT11•.rna. KoJl crap ttx Erttnhatta noCTojano je
aepoaalbC ;:ta je csa1<0 JbYllCHO 611l1e O.!l. ca.-.ior poijelha
11epa3J1aojtto ee3atto ca csojHM 1:mojmtKOM 3BaHHM Ka,
a.rm je Taj J:IBOj mrn IlOTIIYHO HCTOra mrna.H y CCBCpHOaMe-
pw·U<OM 1tH.QttjattCKOM nJICMCHY Bm1e6ejro ( Winnebago)
llOCTOjH CXB3TalbC ,!I.a npeo6HTHO 1mje 6ttno opraHCl<HX
06je1<aTa 1<0j 11 fot npeo6HTHO HMa.rm: H3H8B TpajaH o6mrn.
Cae je TO 6ttno HCWTO Tpehe, 11eyrpa.fr na 611ha, HOja cy cc
Morm1 no BOJbtt npcrsapan1 y JbYJ:l:ci<a 6ttha, 1<ao tt y
nyxoac }l<IIBOTmha .. .16 A y rrneMe tt y Jla1<0rn oncT scpyjc
ce y nagiya, KOja je HeMaTep11ja.Jrna cyncTaHQHja 1wja
Mome .µa cc n ojam1 y csai<oM 06.mrny I<OjH ca ~ia o;:µ6epe .
BpxOBHO naI< 6oIBaHCTBO HHKa.Qa He c11a6.1.1esa 'IOBCI<a TOM
cyncTaHQHjO~I, a.JIM lbOM o6.Qapyje CBaI<H APYrH MaTCpll-
ja.JIHH o6jei<aT. T ai<o 11np. nagiya jeAHOr syi<a MO)t(C Aa
HMa cra6no, 11 TO he OH)l,a cra6n o H~\aTH oco611He syi<a.
Tei< OAaTJie npo11cr11qe Aa nagiya MOIBe Aa Aejcrsyje H 11a
<iosei<a, jcp nagiya jeAHC ll<IJBOTmbe ~1ome .Qa noce,ll,yje
'IOBC«a, 11 OH,!\a cc Taj 'lOBCl< no11awa Ha Ha'lHH KaI<O ce
nonawa Ta H<HBOTIUhll. 77 06c1m Y r p11 11r.1ajy MYTHY npeA-
crasy 0 urtu, rnjaHCTBCHOM 'lOBCKOBOM ADOjHHl<Y KOjll
>l<HDll y WYMH, a.rrn jc De3aH ca 'lODCE<OBOM AYWOM. 78 KoA
crap11x r epMaHa 6m10 je seoMa paw11pcHo seposalbe y
'lOBCKOBa ABOjH HI<a (fyl gja), I<OjH jc Morao OCTaDHTH •10-
BCKa H npCTBOPHTH ce y KaKDY amBOT111bY llJlH 6 HJIO mra
,!\pyr o.7 9 HawH cyceAH P yMyH 11 11Majy eeposalbC y •ioee-
1<osa Anojmrna ( noroc), 1<oj11 je lbCroB HCBll.AJbHBM >1<1moT-
1111 canyTHHK. Ou cc HHa<ic paija 11 y.\mpe ca <iosc1<0M. Ott
" Frit>Wcindkr:G<bur<>-undWoch<nb<ttd>"tdlung<n • ufa l1igup1ischenTcm-
pclrdkfs. Miinchen l91S, npc"• ""''"'""" ~ CIBA-7..titochrift, 70. Wehr Boden
" P.Rodin:Primi1i>0Man a• Philooophcr. 195 J,2S0,2S2
" Ha.,,<."J0,267 -26S
"C.A.T""'pcs:PaH>1He4'<>1>-pc.JtHrnH . .l.\ocHR•l964, 316
" B. •!aj1<0HORHl>:Cry1UtjeHlP<·'",,.j<11¢>o.n""°"".CE3,XXXl,l><o!'P""'l924,
62H ~ . ;'fy j < HOB<JleH O Ho6ti1"F1a J1 ><Y< J)V )· pa
======231 ======
OABpaha <ioec1<a OA pijaaHx nocrynaKa H paJty je ce lbero-
BOM ,ll,o6poM noHaWalhyU TaKBHX 611 ce npHMepa MOrJIO
jow ttasecr11 11 H3 .1tpyr11x i:tenosa csera.
Ha )f(a.JIOCT, YI<OJIHI<O H HMa y CBCTCKOj CTHOJlOWKOj
JIHttpnypH rpalje 0 ABOjHHKY H pacMaTpaHoa TC r paije,
oua MeHII Hitjc npHCTyna<JHa y MOJHM ycnOBHMa paua, H ja
~1ory, n ope.Q TOra WTO CaM H3JIOIBIIO seh MHOre AO caua
HCil03HaTe nOJtilTKC, WTO je caMO 110 cefo1 ea>t<HO, Aa
n3JIO>t<HM caMO HCKC HanoMeHe If npeTnOCTaBI<C 0 KapaI<Te-
py H 11ope1<ny, O!tHOCHO 0 CTaPHHH THX scpoealba, Koje
Tpe6a J],a llOMOrHY Aa cc .nol}e J],0 .ne¢mHHTHBHOr pewcH>a,
1wjc he 6HTH, csai<a1<0, 0.1.1ymuaja11 11a pa3BHTa1< reop11jc
o..pen11mj11, Kao H o 1<apa1<repy pam1x norne.ll:a Ha cseT H
lbll.XOBy pa3BHTKy.
n o MOM ,1J,y6o1<0M ysepett.y, y paCMaTpatt.y IIOJl:aTa1<a,
O.QHOCHO CJICMCHaTa 113 Hapoi:tHOr sepoeaHoa, IIOTpe6HO je y
npBOM pe.Qy BOJJ.HTll paqy ua o o6jaw1bett.11Ma i<oja ce ,ll,ajy
y caMO.VI 11apo,1J,y, HaI<O Olla YBCK lf Hll.CY Ta'lHa, a He
Y3HMaTH ca~\O CJICMCHTC na HM c~mcao H KapaI<Tep yrnpijH-
BaTH ,[tOM.HWJbalbCM HJIH Ha OCHOBH HC.QOBOJbHO o rrpa e,ll,a-
HHX nopel}e1Ml ca cnH'lHHM llOJtill.IHMa H3 y.na11>eHHX o6na-
CTH H caCBHM .npyJ<<iHj nx KYJITYPHHX l.ICJIHHa, 0.QHOCllO
cacsm1 APY1<'lttj 11x cl:rnno30¢>cKHX mm pen11rnjc1<11X CH-
cre~ia . Ta1<s11 ~1 nocryn1<0M naKO ce crsapajy 3a6ny.ne H
,1J,OJia3H .no norpeWHHX 331<Jbyl.Ja1<a, jep ce HCKOM Hapo.ny
Mory ,ll,a np11n11wy oco611HC H norne.nH I<a1<s11 cy nua<ie
K>CMY crpa1m ll.JIH HCll03HaTH.
Y onwre, 110 MOM MHllIJbCiby, .nc<PllHHTll.BHa pewe1ba
OBaKBll.X npo6ncMa MorykHa cy TCJ< na OCHOBH BHWC
,1I,eTa11>HllX rrpHKa3a ycTauose, ofo1•iaja irn11 seposaHoa 1<0.n
no1e.nmmx Hapoi:ta Hmt CTHH'IKnX rpyna.
JyIB1111 Cnosc1111 cy rpyna ttapo.na ca .nyro~1 11 spJJO
cnoIBCHO.VI CTll H'll<OM rrpolllJIOwhy. lh11xoea J<YJITypa ( 11n 11
1<ynTypc) Ta1<oijc je seo~ia cnome11a, jep cc cacroj11 o.n
sea.via XCTCporettHX eneMeuarn I<oj11 cy ce cnaja.rrn HJIH
yna311m1 y lbCH cacras no.a. pa3JlH'lHTHM yTm1aj11Ma. O o-
.. C. A . To ~ap<B - H. II. 'l.00..cap<>JO: Hapo;a.o >a p)'6<>t<No~ E.oflO<lb' , I. M<><:Kea
1964,656
====== m=====;;;;;;
peA csera rora, npHMep oee crym1je noKa3yje 1<a1<0 ce 11 y
TaKBOj CpeJUtHH Mory BPlllttTI! tt CTpa)fot DaH>a apxaH'IHHX
CJICMCHaTa y Kymyp11, II TO llC caMO y o6!13CTll TeXHOJ!Onl-
je uero H y o6nacrn pem1rnje. T pc6a yKJ1ottuTH c no-
spwmte MJJal)e Hacnare na ,!la ce .nol)e AO crap11j 1tx, •mj11
cc eneMCllTll Mory TaKO ynopuo Aa o.np>KaBa)y.
Y Hapo,ll,ttoj pemtmjn Jy»< ttnx Cnoeeua, l<Oj11 cy .no
11e,a;ammx peeonywtja npHnaAa.Jm MOHOTCHCTH'IKHM pemi-
mjaMa, TOJI Hl<O je o61tJhe aepetmx upe.ncraea u paJ:tlhll
31111MHCTll4HOr KapaKrepa Jtll OHC .uajy OC HOBHH TOii tbHXO-
eoj 11apo1moj pem1rnj11, TaHO na je yomrITe y nHTillhY
lhttxo e a np1maJJ.HOCT MOHOTeHCTH4KHM pem1r11jaMa. Oua
je cmapHO BHIIIC <tJopManHa. Mo>Ke· cc , crora, TIOCT3.BllTll
" mtTalbe HllCY Jl H Ii ll3JIO>KC Ha j y>t< HOCJlO DCHCKa eepoea-
ib3 II n peJJ,CTa ee 0 1mee1<0BO,'I\ ABOjtnn<y 31111Ml!CTil'IHH n o
ceo.'11 nopeKJ1y?
H3:11a>Kyhtt TC norne,!\e 11 eepoea11>a, ja ca111 O,!lMax y 1<a-
311aao ua eneMeHTe KOJtt ce Mor y cMaTpaTH Kao attn~m ­
c:rn\1 1<11. TaKBH cy Hnp. ene~1e11n1 : aep oa a11,c y 01<on11m1
O enl)enn je na cy 3Be3JI.C ll.YWC YMPJl ll X, Koje y TO~\ Kpajy
>fHIBH n apa.nem 10 c aepoaa1beM .[la CB3Kll if<llBll \IOBCK 111113
ceojy 3Be:my, 1<30 11 CJlll\IHO eepona11.e KOll. Cnoae113u3: ll.3
cy 3ae311e caernocr11 y.\1pn 11x, na aepon 31bC y U,p11o j r opu
1t Sotm ll.ace 1<yli113 3.'1!11j a 11e c111e y611 jarn, jcpn3 j e y li>Oj
tejc u • 11e1<or \1113113 n opo.t111lle, O.t111oc110 1<y ltc Kojoj np 11-
n:ma 11 Ta 1\\Uja, 11 np. K ao w To ca"' nett p311 11 jc 11c-
Ta1<ao, 11e 3H3MO jow Ta\1110 wrn j e TO •cje11•; y aepo--
aaibe 0 ll(:jCHlll llCKOr \le.n.a.ncrn y 1<ylt11oj 3Mlljl! MOif<JI.a
cc paJ:t.11 o acposa!hy .na je ,ny w3 11c1<or l.ICJb3ll.CTa y 3M11-
j 11. Tu 3HHMllCTll\IKH eneMeHTll y 1<0.\lfLIICKCY sepoB31ba
y naoj 11mrn cy, Mel)yr11M, cacn 11M jac1111, 01111 crpl.le. A
DOUITO cc 11aJia3e llPBCllCTBCllO y nepmj.lcp11j CKllM .!ICJIOBll -
Ma J y;io rnx Cnone11a, Mormt 611 cc crora CM 3Tp3n1, no
3aKOllY 0 n cp11cl>cp11j11, Kao OCT3lllt llCKOr llCKUJ:ta BCO.l\a
pacnpocrpa1bC11or c11cre111a scpoaa11.>a n a je, n peMa TO.'>le,
3U11M113a.'ll 6 110 n0Jt11ora Ta1<m1.11 seponalbllM3 11a \11rranoj
i Yif< HOCJJOBCHCI<Oj rep1rropuj 11 . To, 11113K, Huje sepoeaTuo,
JCP ua nen111<0M OCTil.!IO.\I npocrpa11croy 11eM3 euwe 1111rnc
TaKBllX CIICMCH3Ta II H C~\a ca u aw er TJla llllK3KBllX JlOKa.33
====== m======
!Iii HHJJ.IU.111)3 KO) H 6 11 .naea.n11 OCHOBY .113 Bepoeau.a y
o611'l11or neoj11111<3 cMaTpa1110 nere11ep11ca1111M 3HHMl!CTH\l-
KHM BCpC>B31hllMa, )'TOJllll<O n~ llITO ce T3 eepoaa tba Mory
cxnaTJ.ITil J.I o6jaCHJ.ITH Ha ,npyrH Ha\IHH.
H3y3nMa jyliH n OMe ttyrc npHMepc, 1<oj u HMajy yc 1<11 no-
Ha.JIHH, 0J111oc110 per110 11a.n1m 311al.laj (01<0JIHH3 Ocs!Jen11je;
ll,pHa r opa 11 I>o1<a), .n;p yrne y cny'lajy sepoaalba y .neoj-
HHKa HCMa HllK31<BllX CJ1CMCJl3T3 llJlH llH.llHHX Tparoea
aHHMHCTll\IKOr 1<apa1<Tep 3, WTO Tpe63 .na cc HRpol.IHTO
11cra1<Hc. Ta1<0, l.IOBCl<OB 3CTpa.nHn, serera611n 1111 H a1111-
Ma.JIHH JIBOj l rn I<, Kao It JIBOj HHQH y en.ny H3MCHa HJlH
113BOp3, n o sepoB31b Y Jyif<Hl!X Cnoac11a, u11je ce11 11U.ITC
HllK31<BC .nywe, y lbCMY HUTH jc J.l;Ylll3 HaKBOr nOHOj HllH3
HnT11 jc nj o6je1<aT ce.n11wre jen11uc nyrne, 1111rn j c ce.o,u-
wre lbCroBe .npyre, cnoJbue .n;yw e. H11rn ce P3llll o n pcll.-
MeTllM3 II 611li11Ma y Koj c 6 H 6HJrn n pernope1111 JhYLUI llJlll
lbHXOBe ,nywc , um1, WTO je m1a\le y cecry eeoMa l.lecro, J13
je rnj .neojHHH o6m11< ,ny w e cnor Jby,nc1<or nao j11111<a;
llllTll ce pa.[IJ.t o ,nyum 1<oj3 cc o,na3j3 Oil Tena 11 npnepcMe-
110 yna3 H 11m1 6op aB1t y p a3111lM npeJ],MCTl!Ma, if<llBHM HJlll
HCif<HBllM. Haj 33,n, Taj .naoj11111< m1je HH1<a1<as \IOBCKOB
3ll1UTHT1111 ,nyx um1 n p3T11na1.t H CJI., 11a1rna ce atmMHCTll \l-
K3 nepoealba u an33C y o6u Jby 1<0,n MHornx 11pyrn x 11apoJ],a
y cecry,• • a KaHBUX 11113\IC l!Ma MHOro II y u apo.D;HOj
pem1rn j u Jymttux Cnooe113. 33THM, y CJJyl.l ajy T11x neoj-
H111<3 II y OJ],llOCHMa \IOBCKa npeMa CBOM JI.BOj111111y HCM3,
n o CXB3TalbllMa J ym11 11x Cnoee11a, HH'lera H3Tnpuporomr
KJJll HaJ1JbYJ1CKor, Hll\ICra ceerora, 1111T11 ce paJ:t.11 o I<a1<noj
c11n 11 noja 611 npoif<HMaJJ3 Jbync 11 lhl!XOBe ,nnoj 11111<c, nuTn
ll.3 cy Jbyn11 n ocranu 11m1 113 cy y cpo.ncrsy ca ,naT11M
npeJ].MeTUMa H epcraMa. ll.eo jm!I< 1!3 uawcr 11apo.t1HOr
nepoB31ba caM 11c ,n3 je 1m111Ta l.IOBc1<y: HJ! 3,npauJbe nu
HM3lbe, HllTH WTO 11.pyr o, an 11 jc \IOBCI< no CBOM :i11pau1by
ll cua:m o6H'IUO ou anan 1<a1<an jc lberou nuoj11111<, H
o6panio: Ka,Q j e 6onccrau je11311, 6onecra11 je 11 ,npyru, 1<a.u
" llci.: f unk & W,.,,.ilo: Swwiud Di<tionary .. •, [ , I~) (I. Y. bird IOUI), 175 (1
......... ooul), l[ , 169 (1.w.Jikt<>ktl}, J,0j l (LW . ..,.oloni...,.J), J,JlJ {LW.tona[); ll.
Bkhtokl-Sliubli: KU. A<t1<1, II , ;w(;{o. v. l)opp<lpngtt), VII I, 19l6/19l7, 119-142
(L Y.Thrlatalt).
====== 23•======
y11111pe je,[laH, )'lilHpe H JJ,pyrn . .UoHCNJIC je 113)'3e1'3.K ll3>K-
J:lCB!b3.K K30 ABOjHm(, jep he OH, Ka.rt )'Mpe tt.eroe neoj-
Ult K-'lOBCK, lhCM)' 611TH 330 Ha Taj ke Ill)'
H3'111H llJTO
no1<eap11T11 p11Tyan11y l.JllCTOT)' Tena, na ce 11er.ue eepyje Aa
ie crora, ope c111prn, JJ.o6po y6nTH (cnor) na>KJlCBH.aKa.
lleojttllllll H3 uaumx 11apo}l,11HX eepoealba cy npe.rtMCTH
\Um opraltlt3MH (6HJbKC , ;f<J.IBOTlllbC) KOjtt cy MllCTll'IHO
noec331m c Jb)'AHMa, na 11111 jc cyn611ttll yaajaMno 33BllCtta,
a lllJa'IC cy Ollll OOTO)'HO caMOCTanH ll npCAMCT!t llJUI 6uha
KOja eo.ite ceoj noce6un 11 ca,\o\OCTamm >t<llBOT, ceojcree11
}bHXOBOi BpCTll . .Uo MHCTll<IHC JlOUC33110CTll je J:lOllmO - y
cny'lajy aee:ma, epena, Kpyn1111x HOIBOTHlba, cra6ana -
ycne.11 CllM)'JITattor ttacranHa. Bepoean10 Jt3. ce npehymo
C.\.\a-rpa All cy TaHO H pemttmt (3~rnja, A3>f<.!ICBlb3.K, ry-
UJTCp) JlOCTaJIH nnoj mlllil 40BCKOBH, n OWTO ce y HllJ)O.!lY ll
11113\IC HC 3113 roroso Hl!WTa 0 TO.\.\C Klll<O pcnTHJll! !lOJla3e
Ha CBCT II J<OnllKO nyro H<llBC.
Oco611TO je :ma<iaj tto .na ce, no cxeaT111by Jy>t<H llX Cno-
ee1ta 0 .tmojHllKy, yaeK pa.ntt 0 <IOBCKY Hao rrojC!{HHLI Y II 0
lhCroaoj BC31\ c HCKllM nojCJ:lHHHM npcJ).,\iCTOM mm 6ttheM,
a llH y KOM cny•iajy Jl.3 jc <IOBCK caM llJJll K30 npetl,CT3BHllK
11e1<c rpync ( pona un11 6pncrea) noac3aH ca <111TaaoM
BpcTI)M, Tj. cea1<1t <1ose1< nMa ceoje jet1.110 cra6.no, ceor
jcm1or .nam.nemba1<a, ceojy je.nuy 3BC3Jl.y, HT,n., 11at10 OH
llC 3H3 KOje je 'TO CTa6JlO llJlll >KllBO'Tlllba, JUUi 3Be3Jla,
tbCrQB JllllfHll .neoiHllK
Bepoeatt.a y o611<111e .neoj11111<e Ihy,nc1<e cycpehy ce 11
KO.U .npyrnx Hapo.!la, y Eepon11 11 113ea11 1bC. Y Eapom1
uMa .!la cc cn11<1110 eepyje KOJt Hpaua, K0.!1 1<oj11x je ro
no111.e11yt11 c6niS aogal (111croapeMe 1111 H<HBOT•). To je
<!CCTO llCKll KaMe H KOjll he rrpe rry1mytll Ka,U yMpe ibCroe
,!lnoj mn<, 11JI1t je cra6no 1<oje kc TaAa ocyu111T11 ce Mil
yrm1yr11. 0 Ta1< ea naK aepoua1i,a HCOMa cy pacnpocrpa11>C-
11a u oco61tro 1t3pametta l<O.!I H 11n11ja11aua y cpemDOj AMe-
p11u11, nornae1no y Mel<c111<y 11 raaTCMarm ; y 11ayu1t cy
rt03HaTll Kao HaiyllAUJtlM. Mcl;yrn~ HOA llMCHHMa 11aryart
11 uaryaJHl33.M <iecro cc 1<p11 jy aeo~ia pa3JJ11lfl!Ta Mafj11jc1<a
======231======
oepoeatt.a 11 pa,'l.lbC, Hao Hnp. na je TO •.!lyx <iysap • HJIH
•>KHBOTl\tt.a npaT11nau • , 11;111 •aeum1ua HOja cc rrpcreapa
y ,!lpyra 611ka•, a Ta 311a'lett.a cc 06J.1'1.110 cycpefiy 11 y
eTHOJIOWKOj JlllTCparyp11. n o Haj HOBlljllM 11crpa>t<ll831l>ll-
Ma Eettcoua Cejnopa ca Epatt,!lejcooa ymmep31tTCTa y
CA)l, KOjH je BPWllO Jlll<ill3 llCTp3H<HBatt.a y reaTCMaJlll II
npoY'1110 o6ttMllY JlllTCpaTypy, y OCllOBll MllOrHX nepona-
Jba y •nyxa rrpaT11oua • 11m1 •<i yeapa• y cpeAtboj AMep uuu
je CXBaTalbC ,!la cy >KUBOTHa Cl!JJ3 H cy.!16HHa jc.!lttOr IbYA-
CKOr 6Hha BC33HC ca llCIHIM oprattCKHM HJJH 11eopra11CKHM
npe,!IMCTOM HJIH npnpo.!lllOM noj aooM - l<Oj11 cy al1er ego
nojerumor 1bYJtCKOr 611ha. BeoMa je pacnpocrpa1bC110 ee-
pooaibC: aKo nj al ter ego ,!IO»<llBH 11eKy noape,!ly, npUJJH·
Ka je ,!la he u <iOBCK <111ja je cy.!16Jrna noae3311a c tbHM
nom11BCT11 noepcny y liCTOM crene11y. Y 11e1<11M rpynaMa
nj aJITCP ero ce 30BC HaiyaA, JlOI< cc y ll.PYrHM y 11orpe6Jba-
aajy .!IPYrll 11a31m11. Alter ego MO>KC ,!la 6y,!IC K3TK!UI ueKa
np11po,!1tta nojaea, Kao eeTap HJJH KOMeTa, aJIH 11ajqewke
je TO HCKa H<llDOTlllba. Yl<OJlllKO cc eepyje ,!la cc MO>KC
83
ca311aT11 UJTa je 11c<1uj11 alter ego, pa31111cy11a<11111u 3a ro.
Jy>KllOCJJOBCllCKa ecpouatt.a 0 <!OBCKOBY ,!IBOjmtKy, oco-
611TO eepoaatba 0 opr aHCKHM BpCTaMa ,!IDOjmtKa, UMajy
H3BCCHC CJlll<lllOCTll, 6ap ua npBH norJIC,!I, c OllUM WTO cc
o6H<IHO 11a311na TOTCM \1 3.'tl.OM H qe,\iy je ,!IOCKOpa np11,t(aea11
BCJUIKH 311a<1aj y CTllOJIOlllKOj 11ay l{H. c
o6311poM 11a TO ,!la
cc II y 11awoj CTllOJIOUIKOj 11ayQ11 H311Jl3311 Ha MHWJbClbC ,!la
je TOTCMH3.l i3 6HJio, 0.!lllOCllO Aa ra jow 11Ma II KOA Jymmtx
Cnooc11a, na wro je np1111 KOJl 11ac y1<a311eao B. 4ajKaHo-
011h," ocap11yhy cc yKpaTKO 11 11a Taj npo611cM.
M11WJhCtba 0 TOTCMll3MY cy BCOMa JlOJ{CJbCHa. JloK HCKJl
Hay<il!HQI\ Ii cana rJIC,t(ajy Ha TOTCM1i33M K30 Ila 11apotnlT
COQlljaJIHO-BCpcKlt C\l CTCM II nepyjy .na cy CUil 11apo.n11 y
CBO,\\ pa3Bi!TKY n pOlllJill Kpo3 TOTeMllCTli<IKY ~>a3y, !ICKU
TO yonwTC 11e rrp11xuaTajy, a Knon Jieo11-CTpoc y je.iumj
11ena0110 o6jan.-..e11oj cryn 11j 11 je,!1110CTaa110 npornawaea
"llensonSal<t:Nacual, Wild>,andS<>lun"in o Quidlt VillOF. llO.....J', lll ,
r;1u burJhl%4, Ji1»- J:n.
.. B . <ioj lWI09Mh:ll<KOnll1«a-.. ,, <1""""'~M&a>oaoh . rll'l ,
XXXl, ScorpUJ921 ,l7lM .o..; - : C,.,.:uojc,...flCIMl'>'it'M<l>o-"'JIOllOl ···• l10M .O.

TOTeMt!3aM eTHonowKOM IUIY3Hjo.'ol. 15 H ek y cc y ny urrarn y
TaKBa paCMaTpalba 0 TOTCMH3My, uero ky ce 3llJ{p>t<aTH
caMo Ha TOMe n a no1< alf<eM .tta n H ce jym11ocnoee11c1<a
BCpoBa!hll 0 nsojmmy Mory C,\\aTpant TOTCMHCTH:\IKHM y
OHOM CMm!'ny K3KO je TOTCMHJaM CXBaTau 6ap nocKopa.
PanH TOra H3Hek.y oanc uajnpe nccl>HHHLUliY TOTeM.H3Ma
K3KO je OHa cl>opMynHCaHa y Haj 11oa11jeM 113na1by 'I YBCHOr
npttpy'IHHKa 3a CTH OJlOre WTO ra je cnpeMHO Kpa.n:.eBCKH
BCJIHKo6pHTaHCKH II 11pc1<11 aJtTpOnOnOUJKH 1-IHCTHTYT y
JlotmOHy. Ta nec1>111111Q11j a, ca HCKHM nonaHHM y nyrcrau-
Ma, rnacu y npeeony:
•Ha3HB Uio!UeMUJaM yiio!Upt6!baba ce Kao UMe Ja jegaH
o611uK gpyw!Ube11e opia11uJa~uje u ,11aljujcKo-bepcKe iipaKce
1'Uje je cpeguwH>e o6t11e~je iioboubaH>e ogpe~Hux ipyiia
( o6U1'HO pcgoba WIU KJlaHoba ) y OKbupy jegHoi MlltMtHa c
ogpe/jeHUM KAaco.tta :HCUbux WIU Ht:>1eubux ci«bapu, u !Uo
!UaKO go. cy HtKOJIUKt ipyiie iiobeJane ca 1'4JAU1'U!UUM
K/laco.tta. y HajwHpeM CMHCJI)' Te pe'-111, 0 T0TeMt!3.'>IY MO-
>HCMO na roeopHM O a1<0 ce: I ) llJlCMC ~mu rpyna 38 KOjy ce
aemt na je TOTCMi!CTil'IKa cacrojH OLl rpyna (TOTCMCI<HX
rpyna) 1<oje o6yxaanjy ue110I<ynHo crauoe1111wrno, a caaI<a
on THX rpyna 1-1Ma onpe~H owioc npeMa j en11oj 1UJaC1t
npenMeTa (TOTeM) , >f<HBOr H HC>KHBor; 2) aKO cy OWIOCll
H3Mel)y conHjanHmc rpyna H o6j c1<arn on HCTC o nurre epcre;
II 3) aKO jcn aH 'Ulall llCKC on THX TOTeMCKHX rpy na HC MOlf<C
(CCM y Hapo'lllTHM nplUIHKaMa, Kao WTO je anonQHja)
npoMCHHTH caoje qnaucrso. Tpe6a HanoMCHyrtt na ro-
TCMCKH oa11oc nonpa3yMeea na je cea1<11 qna11 spcrc
cay1.1ecHHI< y TOTCMCHOM onHocy ca CBaHJ.IM qnaHOM ro-
TeMCl<C rpyne. Ilpamino jc na 'lJ!aHOBH HCTC TOTCMCKC r py-
ne 11e Mory Mel)y co6oM crynam y 6paH.
4 ecro nocroje npaeHna o n0Hawa1by 3l1 •ma11oee ceaHe
TOTCMCI<C rpyn e; no 11er ae je Ja6paibCHO na cc jene TOTCM-
c1<a epcr-a, noHeri:te nocroje Hapo•-rnru 113pa311 1<oj1-1Ma HM
ce o6pakajy, yI<pac1-1 11 3Ha 'II<C IUIH npom1ca110 no11awalbC
npeMa TOTCMCKOM npe.QMCTy. Ta1<0, aHO jc TOTCM ueKa
=====;;; 231 =====;;;
AH BJWI >KHBOTI!lhll, HC caMO na je '-1.JlaHOBll TOTeMCKe rpyne
Heke nOBHTH Hero he no ue1<aa na joj .no11ecy xpaHy y
wyM y, na caxpaH>yjy y nmyny >Kl!BOTHH>y, na Mor y na
ecpyjy na Ta >KHBOTlflba lbltXOBY >KHBOTY If HMODllHH 11ehe
ttaHOCHTH WTCTe. 4 ccro nocroj11 11 ocehalbe cpoacrea
113MCl)y qna110Ba TOTCMCKC rpy ne It lblfXOBa TOTCMa. HaKO
cy ft< l!BOTl!lbC 11aj1.1cwke TOTCMH, It foUbKC , npeAMCTH H
np11pon11c c1-1ne Mory na 6y!l)' TOTCMH. H c 1<a.1ta jenna rpy-
n a HMa BH WC on j c.n11or TOTCM3, IUUI jenan TOTeM MO>KC na
6yne ee3311 ca sttwe rpyna .
. . y HCKHM KyJITypaMa je CHa>KHO 113palf<Clla QCpeMO-
HHjaJma crpa11a TOTCMtt3Ma, a y npyrttMa oua 1mje ea>KHa.
4na11o m1 jenae TOTCMCKe rpyne Mory .Qa ce cacrajy paAH
H3BOl)elba o6pena y BC31! c lbt!XOBHM TOTCM OM, 'ICCTO PaAH
86
Tora JJ.a MY noeekajy nnOAHOCT •.. •
Kao WTO ce BltJl.H H H3 TC nccl>HHl!l.lHjC, HOj y cy AaJIH
Haj 1<0."lnCTCHTH1tjH crpy<1u.au11, OCHOBHO j e y CJJy'lajy ro-
TCMH3Ma IlOBC3HB31bC MalbHX JbyncKHX rpyna y OKBllPY
j en11or nneMcHa c oapel)eHnM epcraMa >KHBHX 11n1t Hcm11-
n1tx npe.nMeTa. Ko.n 11ac TO naHac HHje 1mr.t1.e cnyqaj, a
HCMa 1111 1tl!Jl.Hl.l1tja na j e Tora 61tno y npownOCTH. Tora
HCMa KO!l Hae \laK Hll TaMO r .nc CMO AOCKOpa HManll no)leny
tt opraHHJallHiY no nneMCHttMa: 6paTCTBa H ponoeH y
llPHOropcKHM H xepneroea'IKllM llnCMCHHMa HHrAC HC no-
eone ce6e y ee3y HH ca 'lllM w ro 61t cc Morno cMaTpaT11
TOTCM OM. Bepoeau.a y neoj HnKa cy HOA uac HJlH onwreHa-
pon11a, Hao Hnp. OHO o 3ee3.n11 Kao neoj1111Hy, 1tnn cy
cao jcrac11a BCkt!M rpynaMa CTa!IOBHl!WTBa ( 'IHTaBHX o6-
nacr11, Hpajeea nn11 11acelba), npH 'ICMy qna11o en pa3HllX
ponosa HMajy CBH neoj HHKC l!CTC BpcTC (3Ml!ja, Aa>Knee-
lhllK, CBH6, rnor, npe11 H JJ.p.). H11 flOMCHa 0 TOTCMCKOj
Cr30raMHjH KOA Hae. T OTCMl!3aM ce Ht1a1.1e cycpeke npeeH-
CTSCHO y rpy na ca Ma-rpwmueapHltM cp()ACTBOM, a KOA Hae
j e cponcreo l-t3Pa3HTO na-rpHn1111eap110. H eMa Hit aeKor
Hapo'IHTOr llOlllTOBaH>a >HltBOTlflbCHHX It 6HJbHllX Bpcra
'IHjH 1.1naHOBH 111ory 61tTll neoj HHQI!, KBO li lt npCLlMeTa
---:-;;::-ll>dQu<rrinonA.nlhropok>sy. SixthMitioorni>NaOOm.riuen byo
Comrniutt of the Royal Anth ropolop:al ll'ISl.itute of Gmu Briu.ln ond lttlan.d,
Lon<lon 1"4,192-191.
======21s======
1m j11 Mory fotTH .!lllojmtl{il, llllTH yon wTe rora .a;a 61t ce
JbYAll CMaTpan n 118 cy y K3KBOM cpo)lCTB Y HJIH .Qa BOJl,e
nopeKnO o.n epcre 1<0joj HM np1ma11ajy neojmu.in. H11rne
K0.11 Hae H H n 0.'1CH3 0 K3KBIUI o6pe)].11M3 113 61t cc )'TIUlaJJO
na ce TOTCMCK3 epcra MHO>t< H HllTll l\'lera illTO 6u ·MaKap
nonccliano H3 '-IOBCKOBO ttacrojaJbe 113 611 Ha l!CKlt H3'1HH
KOHTPQ.'lllcao nm-1 ynm ao 1ia epcry KOjoj np11n:ma ABOi·
llllK , WTO je HH3'1C eeo.\o\a 'ICCTO y Te'TCMH3."'Y· Jep, rne llM3
tTOTCMll3M3 . II r11e cy TOTCM ll >t< llBOTitlbe, TO cy o6tt<JHO
li<llBOTlltbC Koje cc je.ny llJlll cy HH34C KOpHCHC n o nare
JbYJlCKC rpyne; >KHBOTIUbCKll ABOjlllllll! i.:on jy»<m~x Cno-
BCHa cy pc.1100110 onac11e, WTeTHC }f(J.IBOTl!lbe: 3MllJ3, nyH,
a n o 11 apo.m111111 CXB3T3.lbH M3 II )l3}f()lCBlb3 K H ryWTCp cy
onacue >t<HBOTlllbe. Je.tt11HO WTO je CJI Hl.IHO H3."IC ~y H3WHX
eepooa1i,a y llBOj Hl!K3 1l TOTCM H3M3 JIOHC r ,!\C - jeer TO
WTO cc n OHCr Jl,C It KO)], nae ne y6 11jajy >l< IIBOTHlbC OHC
epcre y KOjoj MOr y .Q3 6y.ny JbY.QCIHI .n e o jmn.{H (3MHja,
.nam.ncnlbal\H), llml TC 336pa11c llHCY OrtWTe HH ancOJI)'THC.
H3wa nepona11,a y .nooj ttn Ka , oco6 ttro y >KHBOTttlbcKor,
HMa j y y ce6 11 MHOf'O CJl lt'-lltOCTlt ca T3B. HH.QHBHJ:.{y3JIHHM
TOTCMH3MOM, aeponalbeM y TCC311, 11Cp3C KH.QHB OAHOC H3-
Meljy n ojemm or 1.1oae1<a 11 HCKOr 6uk.a 1rn11 creap11 113
npllpoJl.HC OKOJlllHC, y npBOM peJJ;.y llCKC )f(J.IBOTIHbe, KOj J.I
yCJJoeJbana y3ajaM11a npaea " o6aeeae (.a;ecbllttHUHja U. U.
¢>pe3Cpa). Y A(j1p nu11 je ee0.'113 pacnpocrpa1bett rn11.n1-1eH-
.nya.JI11H TOTCM\13aM •• n o KOMC ce o.n '-IOBCKa He MO>KC
OABajan1 lhCrQB >KtlBOTtllbCKH ABOj HHI< . Beaa 113.\.\Cljy 40-
BCKa H Tal<BC >f<HBOTIUhC '-ICCTO CC 3aM llWJha TaKO TeCllOM
Aa a1<0 yMpe jem10, y11mpe H npyro. 11 H awa na1< neposalba
y .neoj1111 1<a pa31l 111<yjy cc OJl CJ1 111.11111x oepoe31ba y A¢ip11-
L{ll no TOMC WTO JlBOjHllK KO.Q U3C 1mje IUIK3K3B 3alllTIITHH
JlYX, WTO >t<llBOTlllbCl<Or .neojHJtl<3 llM3 CB3KH •matt rpyne
(y 1<ojoj nocrojH TSKBO eepoB31be) H WTO cy TH ABOj HHl.{H
113 HCTC >t<llBOTlllbCJ(C llJill 6tubHC npcre 3a c e e 'IJlaHOBC
fl>YrlC. npeM3 TOMC, 1111je yMCCHO 118Ul3 eepoB31h8 0 .D,eoj-
HllKY CM3TP3Tll uu K30 t1111)11m 11A}'antt 11 TOTeMH3aM '· K o A
"H.lloumann:HU.pu.,169-170, 174-17J,l86-l87
======219======
H3C 111113 HCKllX n ojaea 1<oje 6 tt cc ca BHWC pa3Jlora .11orne
cepcraTI! no.n n oj3M HHAl!BHJ:lYaJillOr TOTeMll3,\.\3. 0 lhllM3
he 6HTll roeop3 il.PYrQM npHJIHKOM.
l1 3KO no 113WHM 113poJl.l!HM eepoB31blt.\.\3 '-I OBCl<OBllM
A BOjlllll<OM Mory .lt8 6yAy p a3HH >KIIBll II He>f(HBH o6je1<T1t,
cB3 Ta aepoealba 1tn81< 1.111ue jentty u emmy. 011a 1.111ue
L\Cmmy no TOMC llJTO je jCAH31< O!IHOC ll3Meljy tJOBC1<a II
1hCroea ABOjH1t1<a 6e3 o631tpa Ha TO 1<3KBC je epcre Taj
!lBOjHllK, Tj . .Q3 Jlll je 3BC3J),3, AP BO, epe.no, >KHBOTHlba:
tJoeeK 11 lbCroe neoj1111 K 33Bttce je.a.tto o.a. npyror, a Ta je
aam1c110CT, ca 11amer natt3WlbCr rneA.HlllT3., MHCTHtJH3. no
11apo.11110M sepoB31bY· AO TC BC3C ll 3aBHCllOCTH AOJia.311
YCJJClt CllMYJITallOr HaCTaHl<a tJOBCK3 ll lhCroBa .a.eoj 11u1<a;
TO llltje caCB llM jaCllO 3a ABOjHill<C H3 IJ>YIIC pe nTHna, amt
je eeposaTllO J),3 llCTO BpeAH II 33 Ihm:, MO>K.rta II 33 1<aMCll.
Y oseK je, A81<Jle, n o 11aweM 113poJJ.HO.\.\ eepoeaH.y, MH-
CTlltJllO IIOBC3all ca pa3HJIM npeJIMeTHMa Ha 3eMJbH y
cnojoj 11enocpe.l.{l!Oj OKOllHHII Kao II c npCAM CTllMa 11a
u e6y, 3DC3J];3M3, Ila lberoey xoptt30HTy, Tj. QCO o praHCKH II
311opra11CKH CBeT 'lllllll jCAllY MllCTlltJKY 11en1111y. T o eepo-
Bal hC je 11311aC OIIWTe YKOJilll<O cc pa.a,H 0 l3BC3.Qa~1a • , 3JIII
je cnopa,u11•1110, llat<o seoMa p3cnpocrpaH.e110, y1<om1Ko cc
pa,1],11 0 ApyrttM n pe.QMeTJlMa llJIII 611hI1M8 Kao ABoj11111111Ma.
Cacs11M je onpae.ri.a11a npe-rnOCT8B1<a .ri.a cy 11 eeponaH.a y
Apyre spcre ABoj11111<8 61tna y npolllJiocrn H emue p8c-
n pocrpa 11.e11a, na cy 11 0 11a 611na onll1T3. .
n ocMaTPaHa y u emrntt , c e3 Ta eepoealba 118M cc npe.it-
craen.ajy 1<ao !ICJIOBll je.itnor caCB llM JIOrHtJHOr CHCTCMa:
tJOBCI< je H3111lK&O 113 UCJillHC 1<ojy '-1111111 OKOIIH3 np11po.Qa
It OH je, 1<30 !ICO TC uemme, y BC3H ca CBHM OHllM WTO je
oKo 11>Cra 11 y aae 11c11ocr11 o.ri: TOra, 3 nojewrn3 JbYltCKa
61tk.8, no TOj nor11u 11, cy y 11ajrewlh0j ee311 c o u11M noje.ri:u-
HHM npeAMCTllM3 HJIH fot k.ttMa 1<0j1t cy 118CT3..Jlll y OH3j tJ3C
Ka,IJ,3 je II OH .ri:owao 113 CBCTj tJOBCI< lie TPTICTll llCTO 3110
llJIH ACJIJtTll llCTO JJ.o6po 1<30 H tbCf'OB ABOj11 111<, llJlll nsoj-
llllUH, It ltCTOBpeMCHO k.e Ka.D,a II OHH HW'-IC3H)'Tll ca n o-
30pm1ue >t<HBOTa. 01.1urneA110 je .!13 cc Pa.itH o ieAHOM
1tapo411TOM, llCl<a.l.{3 IIOTnyuo CYBHCJIOM, rneAalb Y 11a CBCT,
0 ijluno30Cjx:1<0M CllCTCMy 6eclIHCMC llHX JbYACKHX aajC.QHH-
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; 2~ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
ua, KOjH je, MO>I<.Ua, H uajpa1mjH T3K3B CllCTeM. n o TOM
cttcreMy, •mneK je y cwap11 je,!J,a11 .n;eo caor yc1<0r KOCM O-
ca, orpatt11•1 e11o r JlHHHj OM lbCroea XOPll 3011Ta,
TeCHO noecaa11 11 Ha paeuoj 11001-1 c oprancKl!M H ueoprau-
CKllM npeJIMCTl!Ma y H>eMy. Taj <tnm0304>c1<11 CHCTeM, 11m1
n orne;:i; Ha CUCT' ce 3H3THO p a3JlttK yj e OJl TI03HaTllX .r1pyn1x
CllCTCMa 113 40BCKOBC npolllJIOCTlt, a H3HM C o.u Mal}u jcHo r
rne.a;a1ba 113 CBCT, no KOMC j c 'IOBCK QCHTap H ll JBOP CHJIC
KOjoM MO>Ke ,Ila .uejcreyje ua ceojy OKOmm y, Kao 11 O,!l
a1mM.1tCTHlfKOr, n o KOMC je 'IOBCK IlOT'llUbCll nejcrey LtY-
xoea II HCB H!VbHBHX , OA lbCra ja•mx, CIUla.
CTperrta H3JIOiKCHO.\\, 113r neJla H epno np11 MaMJbHBa no-
rr111cao .i:ta je cncreM KOM npttna.uajy eepoea11>a o o6wmoM
'IOBCI<OBOM JJ.BOj mncy , c lhllM p ae11onpan 110 M, npeTXO.Ull O
TIOMCH}'THM CHCTCMHMa, Mal}11jCKOM H 3HHMllCTll 'IHOM, y
cyurmHH ceojoj J1Y3JlllCTil'IHHM. j a fiy Taj XllilOTeTH'IHll
CHCTCM n ornc.ua Ha CBCT, 113 Kor eepo ean1 0 BYKY ceojc
n ope1u10 11 Hawe Hapo.uHc npe.ucraee o o6wrno.'I Heo.o;y-
XOBJbCHOM '"IOBCHOBOM .ueojHHKy, 3BaTH a Hi«poiiOJlOU4!(UM
MOHU3MOM. 0.o;Max .o;a TO HanOMeHeM, II .na uapo<i!ITO no.u-
By'leM, .o;a llC CMaTpaM, jep 3a TO HeMa AOBOJbllO apryMe1ta-
Ta, HHTll .o.a je Taj CHCTCM 6 HO HCHaJl,a o nu!Tlt y 'lllTaBOr
JbY.D.CHOr po,tta HllTH .ua jc Taj CllCTCM 3allCTa 6 110 npeo611-
TaH Ii ,I.la cy ce 113 H>Cra p a3BIIJIH ,1tp y r11 CHCTCMll, 0,ltHOCHO
.1ta je 61-10 je;ma ¢>333., 11n11 crynaH>, y pa3m1THY norne.o;a 11a
CBCT. Taj CHCTCM je Morao .ua HaCTaHe H Aa ce Pa.3Bttje y
jeAHOM ncny <10Be'la11crea, o.o.11oc110 y je.o.11oj o6nacrn 11a
3eMn,n, na .1ta ce 011 y ucn1rnu, wm n oje,1tu1111 fbCroe11
cneMeHT11, w11p11 11 H3BaH Te rpy n e, IIJIH o6nacr11 . Morao
je Taj CHCTCM uaCTaTll ll O.D. .uenoea pa3HllX ,1tpyr11x c11cre-
Ma. Y np11nor TaKBOM cxean.1by 6n roeop nno 11 ro llITO ce
y HOMilJJCHCY npencraea 0 ABOjHHKY KO.U Y>Kll llX Cnoee-
Ha ttana3C II CJJCMCHTll nopeHJJOM HCCYMlbllBO 1!3 XanJ{Cj -
CKOr n or ne.1ta ua CBCT, <111j11 cy llCHH CJJCMCHTll ,1tocnem1 II
,naneKO y jy>KHY A311jy Ha .upyroj crpatrn . Ami, TO cy CBC
IlpCTtlOCTaBKC.
KaJI ce HMO y BHAY KOJlllKO cy .uyro, upeHO XltJbaJlY
r o1111Ha, 1Y>K llll Cnoeenll 6HJUI H3JIO)f{Cl!I! CHa>KHHM yrn-
uaj11Ma MOllOTelt3Ma, na npe rora CT0J1di.11Ma 11 T11cyhnefi11-
======241 ======
Ma >KHBCJJll y 31111Mll3My Ii n OJJllTCll3My, 3allCTa je 3Ha<1ajuo
.ua ce yonlllTC MOrJJO O<iynaTH H TOJlllf(Q CJlCMC!l aTa j e.rutor
y KOM je OH .upyror CllCTCMa HOJlltHO llX j c Haee.ue110 y OBOM cn11cy. y
HalllltM npe.o;craeaMa Ii eepoea1b11Ma 0 '"IOBCHOBOM .ueoj1111-
KY paJtH ce, J:lllHJJe, creap110 o npencraeaMa 113 jeAHor
nornena 11a CBCT HOj H je roHp,,1 epeMeua pa30peH Kao
LICJlHHa, aJill 'llljlt cy 0<1ynau11 CJJCMCllTH TOJl llKO 6poj1111 Ii
T3KO jac1m .ua ce Taj HCKaJ13llllbll CllCTCM MO>KC 6ap .UCJJll-
Mll'"IHO peHOllCTpyncaTH.
H Mo>Keue npe.ucraee H eepoeatbll o '"IOBCKOey .n.eojuH-
HY KO.D. J y>t<HHX Cnoeena n 0 Ka3yjy Ha HC.UBOCM.llCJJCH ua-
'"lllH OCHOBHll 1<apaKTep rora 311TpOnOJJOWKOr MOHH3Ma:
Kao WTO caM MaJJO n pe nOMCHyO, no TOM CHCTeMy, 'IOBCH j e
JlCO l<OCMOCa OHQKO HCTO Kao WTO cy TO Ii >KltBOTlltbC II
6HJhl<C, na II attopraHCl<ll npeJlMCTll, a y 6JJll>KCM j eJtHH-
CTBY c OHllM 61th1tMa It npeJIMCTHMa Hoj n cy HaCTa.1111 HaJla
H OH, It rpa jahe na CBCT}' l<OJJHl<O H OHH, .ueneh11 II ltHa<ie
H>Hxoe y cy.o;611tty. T o n11cy u jew11111 cneMe11rn tt3 rora
cncreMa HOjtt cy y OBOM 111111 OHO.\\ BllJlY llOTpajantt .110
ttalllHX 11a11a.
BeoMa n o311aro H epno pacnpocrpalbCHO ecpoeaH>e .ua ll
>tmeonnt.e HMaj y cnoco6nocr n a roeope, na .ua n n,y.u11
Mory .ua p33yMejy Taj roeop, n 03naro KO.U })'>KHHX Cnoee-
ua n on llMCH0.'1 HeMywi«u jtJuK, je.uaH je TaHaB CJlCMCHaT
KOjll je o.o.pa3 anTponOJJOWKOr MOHll3Ma.
TaHeor n op eKna 11 1<apaKTcpa cy 11 eeoMa pacnpocrpa-
JbCHa ecpoaatba o npeTeapalbY JbY.D.H y >Kl!BOT11H>e, .upee-
he, JlCMOHC II ,D,p ., n o6panio, HDp. na ce '"IOBCK MO>Ke
IlpeTBOPllTll y By1<a, BClllTllU:O y p33ua .upyra 6 ufia, llTJl. y
cs1y<1ajy TOra npeTeapatt.a ce PaJlll o rtOTnyuo.' I npCTeapa-
l bY COOCTBCH0.'1 BO.lbO.\\ llllll c11aro.\I, a He 0 ceo611 KaHBC
J nywe 11m1 lbCHOM np11apeMe110M C,\ICWTaJy, nn tt o npeTea-
paH>y .11.yw e ('lera ceera TaKol}e HMa). 3 11a'1ajtto je .ua ce
TaKBH MOTHBll oco6nro '"ICCTO cycpe fiy y uapo,uHHM np1t'la-
Ma, KOje 1111a<1e BYKY ceojc n opeKJJo 113 ,!1aan e crap1t11e, na
cy n o j e,1t11H11 MOTitBH y 1b11Ma 113pa3 npum!Ka 11 cxeaTa tba
113 11ajcrap11j11x npaucropn jcKHX epe111e11a. Y 11apo11m1M
npu'laMa, oco6HTO y npH'laMa 0 Ma~ujcKOM 6eKCTBy , je
caceuM 6611•ma nojaea .o.a cc pa311a n nua npeTeapajy, K3A
======;;;;242=======
HM ycrpc6a, y >KHBOTHlbe, 6HJbe , npeJJ.MeTe H Jl.P -.. He
C3MO Kao MOTHB y npH'laMa - Hero « H y caepeMCHOM
uapo,11.HO."I eepoeaH>y cycpel\e <i:cCTO MOTHB o npemapalhy
'IOBCKa y ey1<a. Ko.11 6yrapa nOCTOj H eepoeaa,e A3 cy
HCKa;la aeepoeu 6rum Hao H JbYllH." •Bacauttia • (6ajanaq,
waMaH) y ceplbHlllKOM THMOKY ( HCTO'IHa Cp6ttja) y er30p-
1tHCTiltt1<oj cf>oPMYJTH ce6e H3j C,ll;ll3'1383 ca BYKOM H MC\1-
J
KOM. 90 ,Ua.n.a 1-tCTpa>1<HBalba Meljy Y>MHttM CnoeeHHMa Ha
TIOJbY H3poJl.HHX norne.Qa Ha CBCT H ttapo11ue pem1rn:je
OTKpllkC H II.pyre CJICMCHtt 1<0j11 cy H3p33 3HTpononow1<0r
MO!Ut3.'113.
S ch je AJJ,oncP Eacnijatt (1826- 1905), jeAaH on ocuttea-
<1a CTHOJIOWl<C H3)'KC, KOjH je y OCllOBH 6tto CMmlpHK,
JJ,owao no yeepe tt.a 11a 33.0CTallH llOBCK (Narunnensch)
jow CJia6o pa3Jltt1<yje nyx " ttno, ce6e craen.a tta HCTH
HHBO ca JJ.pyrHM CTBOpeH>J.tMa, a HC caMO JbYJJ.HMa, >t<H-
BOTIUbaMa H 6HJbKai''!a, TC A3 H KllMClhY H 1<yhttOM opyljy
npum1cy je .11ywy H eac1<pc: Ha OHOM CBeTy, c OOHOCOM
CMaTPa CBOjHM npel{HMa >KHBOTmbC, HTJ.l.. 91
B. Ma11xap-r (W. Mannhardt), KOjH j e ceoje 3Ha1.1aj110
JJ.CJJO 0 WYMCKHM H llOJbCKHM KYJJTODl-!Ma nHcao (npeo
H3JJ.ali>C 1874. H .a.pyro 1876) y epcMC K3JI. ce pal)ana
Tejnopoea TCop1-1ja 0 aHHMH3My, 61-10 je H caM y CTBapH
mnny110 y TaKBHM HJ.l,ejaMa It CTeap110 HCTaKH)'T npeJX-
CTaBHHK TC TCOpHjc: HaKO je HHa'IC y3HMaO .na cy JbYJ1H
eek y npa.no6a sepoaanu .a.a je 6H1bKa 6uhc 11cropo.a.110 ca
'IOBCKO.'lt, OH je yonurre y pa3HHM 11apo.a.mtM npe.a.crasaMa
H sepoaalhHMa 0 cra6JJHMa H 6HJbKaMa BHJ1CO roroeo CllMO
.a.ywe ( Baumsccle) H l1YX0Be, n TO l1ywe noKoj111tKa Kojc
cy cc 11acraH 1tne y cra6mrna. CMaTpao j e .na je l10QH11je
l10WJIO 110 rora l1a ce 61-11bKa cMaTPa Kao na je npnapeMeHo
11 0&lr>.eT11HBIDlnp ..... po"'""''lQMO>l<<Hllu<yttl<'CTOBK1"IHapojl.llRX!!pH'la Y
3&!P111<8)'HICT.~t.aCp11C1«11&p<>IUl<opOll'IOBH)<11<<, HOOMYtt""""'K>ll"
"°""'tn'IPK>ll y llVlY B. 'l1j8-llh: Cp"°"" !UpOJlH< Y*'""'P""' · CE3, Xl.I,
6corpo.:I L917, r11<""'P**>lfJIDOp<TWCTP1 (DQJl: ..Umuia,roiry6,NW<:&,~H,
_..,_ , ...,.....,~...,,npnn_•JQ>.).
., 0.t.Wlku<loki: HU . .llCJ>O,llS
.. J . T)"l>OlttlS: ll~c........., y 1<1 p:uuooj ..lUDl>IHH<ap...........,.
T-. ~l96S, 19, il .
" A . S.. 1iony ~Zoiw.hrift fll r,Y6Lkrpo)'Clloiot:ie, V , Ul, np<U~
MOA W. Monnhardl: na. - l,190ol, l, bool. I
======241======
CTaHHWTC 1bYJ1CKC nym e Koja je CMphy 1130YCTllJ!a TCJJCCHO
nOCTOj3lbC.n
HE. BecrepMapK je Hcmuao ( 1906) n a •111te.1bll1u, K3KO
OH TIUl.3 Ha3HBa 11pel1CT3BHllKC ea11caponCKllX 6ccm1c.'11e-
HHX rpy na, 6p1twe rpaHHUC H3Met;y 'lOBCKa It >KHBOTl-llbC:
0 11 rne113 Ha c s e >KHBont1be Kao 113 cy Ha pae11oj 1-10311 c
1bY)l.llMa. OH aepyje 113 II >Kl-IBOTlllbC HMajy occha1w H
HHTeJIHreHL{Hjy Kao II 1bYJ1H . . ., l1a HMajy II l1YlllY Koja
HaJJ.>KllB/baaa Ten o, Kao tt 1bYl1CKa l1ywa. 011 roeop11 o
>«HBOTHlbaMa Kojc cy 6nne npeQH 1bYJ111, o lby.tlnMa KOjH
cy nocrarm >KHBOTIUbC ... Ou aepyje H 113 he 'IOBCK KOjH
y6nje HCKY >KllBOTlllbY 611TH 113JIO>KCll OCBCTll llJl ll lbCHOr
.!J.YX3, KOjH je 11anycr110 TCJIO, IUIH OCBCTll CBHX >KHBOTll·
lbll TC epcre ... n BccrepMapK je 113Jla>t<yh11 Ta ceoja cxea-
Tillbll 6110 y creap11 crporo Ha no3HUHjaMa a1111Mll3Ma It
eeonyQHOHH3Ma. Op11rm1an1111j11 je 61to c.naenH pyc tm e-r-
Honor B. r. 6oropa3, KojH je 6110 no ceo.'11 npnna>Kclhy
npofuieM11Ma eMnHpuK. Eoropa3 cc oco611ro npoc.nan1to
ceojOM MOHOrpacflHjOM 0 4yK'IHMa, nar1eoa311jcKOM 1tapo-
l1Y (1904- 1907). Ha >KaJJOCT, 1111je MM 611no np11cryna1.1HO
TO lberoeo .tlCJIO, y KOM je OH \l3JJOHUiO cao jc Mlllll/bCli>C 0
pa3BHTKY pemmtjc. n o MHlllJbCibY B. 6oropa3a, 6HllO j e
OCT CTaJl,Hja y pa3BHTKY npso61tTHllX peJJHflljCKHX npen-
craea. y npeOM CTaJlHiy CBHM npeJ.tMCTHMa Kojn OKpy-
>Kyjy 1bYl1C np1m11cyje ce TaK3B HCTH >t<HBOT KaKBllM
BJia,na H 'IOBCK: TO je CTaJ],Hj onurrer O>KHBibClbll. y Jij)y-
ro.\I CTaJl.Hjy 'IOBCK no1.11tlbe 11a np1txaan fCJIH'IHOCTll cno-
Jba.WlbCr H3fJICJ13 n pe.rtMCTil c OOWTHM ofumKOM II noce6-
HHM l1CJJOBHM3 JbYl1CKOr TCJlat. y t"peti.CM CTaJ],11jy cc pat;a
11neja na creapH 11Majy l1BOj Hy npHp<my: csoj o6u'IHH
H3rflCl1 11 l1pyru , BHWC llJIH MalbC CJIH'latt 'IOBCKy. Ll eTBp-
Tll CTa.!lHi KapaKTepuwe TO 113 je,r.urn 011 THX l1BCjy npupo-
.tta npeD.MCTa nO'IHlbC na ce npe11craen.a Kao cnoJbaWlba
KOpa, a npyra Kao y11)'Tpa wlhll >KHBOTHa cHJJa; Til uel\ ry6 1t
MaTcp11jarrne LlPTC II 33..'o\HlllJba cc K30 ~cu ' (pyCKH: TC·
HHA) MaTCpujanHor llpel1MCTa. 11 y neTOM CTaJJ,11j y TC CCIII!
.. W. MMinhard!: ..• . - . l , 19".M, l , 60l.
266
:_~_wammuck: L'oriP.., .., It dtftloppan<ni <l<I idm monla, I. Pui1 1921,
 ==========~ 2« ==========~ ========== 2•s===========
(tttttHH•) ce caCBHM OCJJo6al)a.jy caoje Marepttj airne 1<opc, Tmba- •mseJ<. Y TOMe cc Mory ttahtt y o611Sby npe.itycn:o en
nocnuKy nomyuy CJio6o.u.y KpeTalba " nocrajy npau11M 33 r p y nml TOTCM ll3aM II cear.na II Ha CBaHOM Mecry MO-
't n.yxOBHMa•. Ann, Eorop33 jc caM llCTaK30 .[la TI! lbeTOBH ry TC tnpoTOTOTCMHcnt4Het 11J1eie na 6y.ay yrpal;eue y
cra;:tHj l! npellCTaBJbajy caMO CXCMy, a y CTB3PHOCTll CBHX .!lPYWTBCHtt CIUIOil po.QOBCI<Or ypeljelb3. , , 96
IleT CT3)l,Hja, 6yny1Hf BCO."!a CJICMCHTapHM , uacrajy roTOBO Kao wTo caM eek H3JIO>Ktto 1t HCTaHao, n o ttaweM tta-
HCTOBpeMeno H nocroje ynope.Qo. 9' H.a.eja KOjy je 6oropa3 pQAHOM eeposa!by, 'IOBCI<OB neojHllH Mory .ita 6y.Qy He
H3JIOif<HO y KapaKTCpHCTHUH caor npeor CTaJlHja IlOK33yje caMO >f<HBOTltl be ttero H 6HSbKC (cra6na), •3BC3)le t , H3BO-
11a jc on 6tto 6JIH3Y npaeor pewelb3., Tj. ita nocrae11 Pll It J<aMeH, H TC BpcTC JtBOjHHKa HC Mory ce OABOie tto
XHilOTC3y, Hmt TCOpujy, 0 3HTpOilOJTOWKO.ll MOHH3My, amt IlOCMaTJ)aTH, jep cy eepoealb3 0 lbHMa y CYWTllHH HCTII. 11
ce Hit OH m1je Morao .a.a OTMC CHJIHOM yrm..1ajy TCOpuje 0 J
Ta eepo ea lb3. I<OJt y>KttHX Cnoee tta ue Mory ce HHJ<aKO
aJUIMH3My, Koja je Ta.D,a ena.nana CTHOJIOWKOM TeOpHjOM. CMaTpaTH TOTCMHCTH'IKHM, a Ii He Tpe6a HX T3KO CM aTpaTH
Hoe1t ja HCTp3>f<HB3H>a jow BHUJC cy IlOABYKJia 0Ill!C3Hll c o6311po.'ll tta 11eo.Qpel)ettOCT TOTeMH3Ma yonWTe. Crora
crae 3aOCTaJIHX JhYACKH X rpyna 0 je.llHHCTBY JhYJ.lCKHX II CMatpaM Jl3 j e TC PMHH airrpon onowKH MOHH3aM KaO 03Ha-
APYrHX )fOIBOTIUbCl<HX fotka. noJiepraeajyt\11 3HarJH3H I! Ka 3a o n1tcatt1t norne.Q 11a ceeT Mttoro noJJ.ecm1j1t 11eron1t
HpHTHQH OHO WTO jc y TOKY 80 ronima y pal)euo Ha HCTpa - aHHMa.JIH3aM HJlli IlpoTOTOTCMH3aM.
HutBalby TOTCMH3Ma KO.n Apana, J. Xemrnrep llCTH'le I<aI<O
cy emono['}lja H apxeonon1ja yTBp]],lUie nocrojalbe jeAJte
n oce6 tte LU-IBHJJH33.11H je nosa113. ca nosoM tta Kp ynHe >t<ll-
BOTHlbC. 11.i:teOJJOntja TC llllBHJIH3al(Hje ce KapaKTepHWC
ea>t<ttOwky Koja ce np1111aje >t< JUJOTH!haMO 11 tta31rna ce
aHUMMU:JaM llJJH Upor«oUioUieMU3aM. Taj CTaB o6yxean
cn:enehe lf>ettoMett e: 'IOBeK 3aMHuuoa .na HMa ceor !1BOjm1-
Ka (al!er ego) y >f<llBOTlllbCKOM o6n11I<y, HeKe >f<HBOTltlbC
ce cMaTpajy Kao •1oeeKoa1t ,1tpyros1t 1t n o.1rtara41t, HTJt. 011
uana3H Aa Ta 11.i:teonornja 1mje 11,ue ttT114tta ca roreMH3MOM ,
anH Otta npHnpeMa lberoso H3611jalbC: TO je po.zma :ieMn.a
Ha KOjoj ke ce nojas1rrn osaj mm o ttaj o6n11K TOTCMll3.'lla
(OTYAa HMC UpoUiOTOTeMff33.,\ \). Ko.it CeMHTa HMa CaMO TJ)a-
rosa 3HllMa.JIHCTH4HOr MeHTa.JIHTCTa, a He H Tparosa I<OM-
IlJieTIIOr TOreMttCTH4Hor cncreMa. 95 H X . Ba yMatt, Koju ce
6aBHO npoy4aBalbCM npo6neMa >t<HBOTHlbCHOr ( H 6HJbttOr)
JtBO)HHJ<Q y A4Jp11u11, HCTH4C OilWTOCT j eru1or nosal.IJ<Or
CXBQTIIH.a CBCTa Ha CBHM KOHTl!HeHTHMa, I<Oje yseJ< y
CJitt4HllM 11.QejaMa " ycrattonaMa O.Qpa>t<aea O.QHOC >t<HBO-

l#J:l~i IU8WIJ' J JIUJ C. A. TOKapoa&: Pai.H,.. 4><>P- pe.1..,...~. MOCl<D 1964,

., J'*'Ph H~ Le problftne du 10<mi1me chel In hrsl>a"P'ftq""'"'".;n11
:..: ~'.P~Z·. ~·;;,'lt::i.j~~~~.o~-~~ •nth""'°'°'"'""'~· .,hnoio. .. H . llownmn: , _, l"Cl. 169-170.

MAT.iHJCKO PA3EI1JAihE
CYJ:i:OBA
.UoK caM foio y1.1eHm< rnMHa.3Hje y T y3JIH, Eoctt1:1, 1915-
-1921, 'leCTO caM nocMaTpao oBaKaB nptt3op: y 4acy
I\a.Q HOBOBCH43HH 6pa4Hll nap, n paeOCJI3BHH (cpnc1rn:)
mm HaTOJitt•nm (xpeaTCKH), i13Jl33H 113 Qp1me, Hcnpen
JbliX ce CTBOP H HeKH 'IOBeK H 3eMJbaHHM cyAOM y.naptt 0
me TIU<O .ua cc tyA pa3fo1je y nap<Ia;:t. 06tt'IH0 je TO 'HlHHO
. K3K3B CHPOM3W3K, jep je 33. TO .QOfornao HarpaJJ:y y HOBQy,
yeeK 3H3THO eehy ttero WTO je QCtta pa36ttjettor cyna.
06w-1aj rta cc o cea,n6H pa36ttja nottaQ tta Taj 11m1 11.pyrn
tta'IIIH HC spum ce ca1110 y aapowH Tya1rn: OH je, yonuITe,
BCOM3 pacnpocrpa1beH KOA Jy>t<HHX Cnoeetta, na H KO.It
MllOrHX .Qpyrttx ttapoi:i:a. noattaT je H KO,[t t.Jexa, Pyca,
Mop.[letma, HeMaQa H HTaJmjatta H n;p. Meljyni.~1, cy1:i:oett
cc 11e paa6ttjajy caMO np1mttI<OM csa116e ttero H y .!\pyrnM,
eeoMa paattoepcHHM,npmmKaMa. Ilpm<a3aky ttajnpe r ne ce
cee H y J<Oj HM ripltJIHJ<aMa spurn Ta o<i:ttrne,IJ,HO Mal}ttjcJ<a
pan1ba J<OJJ. JyH<HHX CJioectta a OHLta ky no1<ymarn .na JI.3M tt
!bCllO o6jawlbetbe, y3tt,'!lajyktt 3a OCllOBY MaTepttja.n H3
jylliHOCJJOBCHCl<HX 3CMaJL.a.
2.
Pa36ttjalhC cynoea ripaTH cean6ette o6w-iaje KOLl Hajec-
kcr ,IJ,ena Cp6a H XpeaTa, a Il03HaTO je H J<OLt ocra.nttx
JyH<HHX Cnoae11a w lhHXOBHX cyce.na. H e upw11 ce csyr,IJ,e
y ncroj npmml.{H y TOKy cs3,!1,6e mrrtt MY ce csyrne, y
====== 2•1======
ttapony, ripI1r11tcyje IICTII 3Ha•iaj, nowTo cy npaeo 3Ha'-lelbe
tt npaett CMHcao Te pa.rut>e cacBIIM 3a6opaBJbeHII . .Uonyme,
riotter,IJ,e ce Mollie '-l)'TH H ttapoJJ.HO o6jamH>elbe 1<oje je
,!tOCTa T84HO HJIH 6J1HCKO IICTHHH.
Ma,IJ,a ce pa36Hjalbe CYJJ.OBa 0 CBaJI6H f!OMHlbe y MHOrHM
om1cnMa csan6ettnx o6tt<i:aja, otto je HriaK Mttoro <i:ewhe H
omrITHje Hero WTO 6tt ce TO ,IJ,aJIO 38K1bY4HTII no JJ.OCaJJ,
o6jaBJbeHHM Of!HCHMa: ja CaM y TOM CMHCJJY BPlllHO aHJ<eTy
y jeJJ.ttOM JJ.eny Cp6ttje, 1946, H nawao na ce Ta Maljnjrna
pa,ulba epmII n y 1<pajeenMa <i:njH cy o611qajH onttcaHH a
JJ.8 ce y OilHCY TilKBa pa.r:ta.a HC nOMHH>e, J<30 Hnp. Ha
Kocoey. 3tta<i:ajtto je na cc cyJJ.OBH pa36ttjajy o cea,IJ,fot Hy
J<pajeBHMa y l<OjHMa cy, 1{80 f!OCJ1C,IJ,HQ8 ja<i:er J<YJJTyp11or H
ripnBpe,IJ,HOr pa3BHTKa, eek MHOrII o6tt•rnjI1 ttan ywTCHH
HJIII ynpomkeHH, a He caMO y OHHM KpajCBHMa KOjH <i: yea-
jy BHWe crapHllC y CBOM lliHBOTY II o6nqaj HMa. Hcro T8J<O,
HH eepcHa IlOABOjCHOCT HiljC Ort yrnuaja: o6nqaj nOCTojn
J<3J<O J<O,IJ, J<aTOJIHHa TaJ<O H KOLl ripaaocnaBHHX, a eepoeaT-
HO II KOil: MYCJJIIM8Ha. CTora y OBOM riperneny 11ehe 6HTII
riOTpc6tto JI.a ce BOJJ.H pa'lytta o pa3f!I1J<aMa y J<YJITYPHOM
CTaH>y noje,IJ,HttHX o6naCTH.
0 ceaJJ,6n y Benoj HpajIIHH (Cnoeettal!Ka) 06I1 4aj je JI.a
ce npeJJ. o,1J,J1a3aJ< ttesecre H3 poLtHTelbcJ<e J<yhe pa36ttje
J<aJ<Ba nocy,IJ,3.. H apo,IJ,110 je o6jallllbClbe TOMC: JJ.8 HC 6I1
6IIJJO Hccpehe y J<yk.H. 4ecro nyra nOHCJ<O OJI. y'leCHHHa
cea.r:t6euor eecelba HaMepHo 6al{tt '!allly 11a naToc, a.JIH ce
TO He ona3H y co6H.'
no 11apo.r:tHO.\I eepoeaH>y y XpeaTCJ<0.'!1 3aropjy (ceno
BeJJ.lba), aJ<o J<o 6al{n noHal{ npeJJ. Mnanem.1,e, HaJJ. ce epa-
kajy J.13 QPJ<BC c BCH'lalba, 6Ilhe YBCJ< HCcpekHH. 1 Oeaj
IlO,IJ,8TaJ<, HCTH'ICM, no TOM HapO,!tHOM o6jaWlbCff>Y 0,IJ,CTyna
0.II CBHX OCTa.JIHX nonaTaJ<a OBC epcre H3 JYlliHOCJIOBeH-
CKIIX o6nacnt, aJIII, 1<30 WTO ke ce BHLtCTJ.I H3 ,!taJbHX
H3naralba, npasn CMHcao PaJJ.lbe je csyna H yeeJ< jenatt H
HCTH. H a npoMCHY y ttapO,IJ,HOM o6jaW1belhY Morna je
'l..<:>iteGolobiC:Porod, 1va1bo,smrt .(S.miCvBcliK ..jini).ZN2:0JS, XXVlll-2,
Zagrebl932,208.
1 ) <dV11j: Gatanjc i a111njc, (Bcdnj a o Hrv:attloj). ZN2:0JS, XXVll -l, Z.greb
1929,162.
======2•s======
YTIH.tam l(aTOJU1<1.Kll UPKBa, 4 HjH c y CBCWTeHIHl H y MH O-
rl!M Mecrn.Ma HCMHn OCpJ.l.HO roH Hm t 11apo,uHe 0611<1aj e H
sepoeatha, H y TOMC 11Ma1m ticcro 3HaTHa ycnexa. Hajee-
poean mjc je Aa jc c re crpane 6ima ltOlllJla 336pa11a
pa36Hjalh3 cyJJ.oea, a 1<ao .nan.a nocne;:um a o6jawlbeu.e .ua
he MJlaJlClll..111 6l!Tll HCc pekm1, 3KO t t 113BPWll Ta 3a6palbe-
Ha PaJJ.lba. An n , HC MOpa 6HTll TaKO: MO)f(l13 je ll TY y
OCHOBll np11Map110 CXB3TiltbC .na c y.n n pe.ncraen.a 'IOBCKa
OJ:utOCHO mn.te, y OBO,\o\ cnr1aj y jc mm o.n MJI3JlCH3Qa, KOMC
tpe6a Mal)11j CK ll OA}'3CTII >KH BOT HJIH mpaBJhe HnH cpehy.
Y 0t<0mmu Konp11e1mue (XpeaTCKa) Ka.it cc .11oee.!le
MJI3Jl3, flOlllTO cc o6aec o611llajH Ha 6yttapy, MJiaJlO>t<Ctha tl
M.l13A3 1tc1mjy <iaw y e1ma 11a l)y6pcTy (•rttojy•) H nOJJyna-
jy '1 8Wy. l n p eM a jC,tUIOM OllHCY l!3 1845. roJU-IHC, y Jl m ,\H
je 6uo ofo1 4 aj Jl3 ••rnyw ' y CB3TOB HM3 y6nja KOK OWH,
c1<ynn.a jaja n en. Bttwe nyra 011 cpywn H nek y Kyh11,
nOJiyna 3JlenC u nottue, na je ce11Ma npaeo, cee je no6po. •
4 ayrn, qajo, 11a)f(Jha 11 en. je mme 1<oje y cearoettMa i<OJl
Jy>t<11HX CJioeena l!Ma uapoq11Ty ynor y: TO je He1<11 ,nyxo-
BllT 'IOBtl< 111111 W3Jhl!Bl{l!lla, !<Ojll ce o6ll'·iHO ll Mac1mpa ll
ll3BO.Qu pa311e mane, 11aro1111 ceaToee Ha eeceJbe, ttT.Q. Y
CTBaptt, lberoea ynora je y TOMe .na 3JlllM 01.{llM3 II .QYXOBll-
Ma O.QBpaTll TI3)f(lhY ca MJ1a.uc11aua Ha ce6e llJlll Ha .a;pyry
crpa11y II .na CBOj llM pa.QJbaMa 6paHll MJla.QCHll,C O.Q tUUIH.
Pa3BaJbttBalbC ncfi tt noMttlbC cc 11 y on11cy cea.u6eHHX
o611qaja !<OJI Cp6a y 6am1j 11 (XpeaTCKa). 5
11 1<on 1<aTOJ1111<a y ceny Kpa.1b11Ma 11a 6oca11c1<oj crpa1111
(cpe3 6 11xah), KOjH q1111e jeJ].Hy CTH11q11y rpyny ca Karomt-
UHMa y cycCJ].HOj JlmtH, o6uqaj je .ua HCl<ll t WaJbHBtutHa .
y ceaTOBHMa, nocne CBCl.Ja11or PYt.JKa (nocnc BCHl{aH.a),
pa3611jc 3CMJbaHY neh y co611 . T o •mtttt Kao .ua T06o>t<e
y611ja nqCJJe. n owro cace11M cpyw H ncfi, 11311cce je "
MCTllC ycpe.u l<OJ!a, Tt MJUIJ],C}f( 11rpa OKO lbe.•
11s'. T omilllY Vrbui: Narodniobitlrii plq>riynlflonl Inna.. VEM , IV,Zagttb 1933,
' A. V . Rwn-6<!: Nd10 o pimih obOeljih u Lici. ElllOl...t.b ;.tndinni• i lf9da,
II,~~·~, Udbo, smn . ( Kroli< u 8otni). ZN2oJS, XXVll- 1. Zagrcl>
l9J0, 17.
' F. I ~ Poliia. ZN2:0 J S, X, Z.,rob 191», 77, M.
======2•9======
Y 0 0Jbllll,l!Ma (JlaJIM3UHja) 61tO je pa11uje o611qaj .a;a llC
nywrajy 1111je.a;11or ceara y Kyxmhy, jep 6u npae1111u WTC-
Ty: y jcno cunan11 nenena HJIH ny11y w aKy crum , BO.QOM
nomum eaTpy, npo611nu 1<oj 11 cyn na Hcret.Je qop6a HJIH
MaCT, a y cpe,ny, npe.u P3311Jl!l331{, CJIO.'o!llJlll 6H ceaTOBH
KOjll JIOll31t; KaWHKy, qaw y llJIH Tau.Hp H YKPaJIH 1<ojc
nncke 11n11 npacchc yxo, yfoum 1<01<ow .'
Kao OTIWTH o611qaj KO.Q 6ocaHCKHX K3TOJ1HK3 TIOMHlbe cc
.Qa ceaTOBC TIOCJIC BCHl{alha MJl!IJ],CHarta Ha TIYTY J].Ol.JCKyje
KOjll Ka<Pe1,m ja, H 113HOCH npe.11 lhllX KaKaB Ka<PettH CYll ca
1<a<Pe11HM w ep6eroM, na 33 TO .11o6ttea .nap y 11oe1.ty. Mccro
ca w ep6ero."' (eo.na y 1<ojoj jc pacrsopeH wct'icp), no11cr.11c
.1101.{CKyj e ceaTOBC 6ap,llaKO.'l. (3CMJhaHH cyA) nyHHM BO.QC.
Cy.a; cc 6aitll npeJl cearoee TaKO .11a ce pa36Hjc a eo.na
nponujc. CeaTOBH napueajy HOBUCM OHOra KOjH TO Yt.Jll-
11n.• Kon 1<arom11<a y Kpe w csy {cpeJ:llba Iioc11a), Ka.u 1t.a;c
cea.u6e11a noeOpKa H3 UPKBC, rlOCJIC BCH'-l31b3, OJIP3CJIH
nynajy 6enc 6ap.11a1<e y 311a1< cpehc MJ13JICHUttMa, jep •no
uapon110M ejepoeaH>y 11.Qe y3 cpchy 11ecpeha, Y3 .uo6po
3JIO, CTOr a HCK cc 11ecpeka II 3JTO CJIOMC 113 6apJial{HMa •.9
Kon npaeocnae11ux Cp6a y r paJiy Capajeey 6no je o6w-iaj
(1886. eemi cc .Qa je 6Ho •JIOCKopa•) .ua ce o ce!IJ].611, nowro
cc JaepwH C1<ynJha1bC np11nora Ja up1<ey, noq11e 11anujaT1t
y :mpaeJbe 1<y11meo, na cc oH.na ynapu qaw oM y w 1twe 0.11
co6e ttm 1 y npo3op . T a1<0 ce pel)ajy :mpaB11l{C y ~pae.lbC
cee1<pa, MJlaJ].O>f<ClbC, HCBeCTC, .ueeepa, CBHX npttjaTCJha,
.QOK ce HC nopa3611jajy cec t.Jaw e 11 nonyl{ajy CBH npo30pH.
HanOCJJeTKy 611 mum 6ortaMa 11 6a1<apmtM cynos11Ma, JlOK
11c 61t 11 u.tt x 11c1<eapHJ111 .1 0 A y Iioca11c1<oj 1<paj ttHH (cpe-
30BH Jaj uc, Bapuap-Ba1<y¢', Kn.}"I " Jlp.), K!IJJ. cc JIOec.ac
HCBCCTa, y 1<yh11 11acraje Hrpa. Hrpajyhu, MOMUll II .uceoj-
KC nopa3611jajy nOHl{C H pacny earpy, 1<oja ropu 11acpe.u
1<ykc ll Y3 KOj y cy np11CTaB.lbCHll JIOHUll, y KOj HMa cc
1<yeaj y p3311a jCJJa . Cee TO pa.ue ncsaj yh11:
' H. &r-h:""'"°' " o6M'l&.i11Xpean imo."'"*" 8kpey 5ocmt 11 X<plltn:>B»-
""· Capof<M l90), 9J.
' A. l<pMCndl: l<po:W<110.3arpdi l941, l l?.
' Ji:- X...... 11. 6<apo4111h: l bnpot11J>OCT11capajnac<11 ~ . 6B, J,Capojc..
90 llU,90.
,. c. JI. 5.: jl(..,O!J16o y "°"*""""i Kpaj 1D111 . r3M, xxn, C.pajoBO 1910. Ill
======2so======
Mo.jKllCU/tQ:JKtHUdll
J1 btctJW ~uHu.ila."
06Hqaj .na ce o caa.r.tfoi pa::ri5Hja qawa, 336enea<e11 eeh
1845, spurn ce KOJl Cp6a y CpeMy 11 )lattac. TipeMa crapH-
jeM om1cy, sojso.o:a csaTosc1m, nowTo cse.ne Mna.nem1e H
spam ce Mel)y ocran:e csaToee, ttanym1 BHHOM ott y qawy
Ha Koje je 11esoja<nm OTau ttam10 aeTy, ttaa.npas11 aa
a.npaen.e H cpehy MJJa.r.tettaua, 11cm1je s11Ho 11 qawy 6autt H
pa3fo1je o s paTa.12 H y 11awe !l.atte y CpeMy, HOJl nnamrna-
Qa JIOJl ¢ipyWKOM ropoM, Ka,!l ce cseny MJla.r.tCHUH, sojao-
Wl o spaTa sajara, 1<aMo je cseo MJ1aJ],ettue, paa6ttje TPH
qawe. u A y cpeMCHOM ceny f pKy 0 CBa.r.t6H HyM, JIOWTO 33.
seqepoM Haa.npaBH MJla.r.tCHl.,IHMa nyHOM '13WOM B IIH 3 H
BHHO 11crmje, '13WOM y,11apH o 3eMJbY .aa ce paa6ttje . .Uema-
sano ce Jia o cea.u6H paasaJbyjy H aeMn.att y neh. 14 Qfo:p.iaj
pa3611jalba cy.uoea o cea,u,6H eeh ce ryfoi:: y JlahapHy ce
BPW H C3MO jow y Kyh aMa Malbe npocsehettllM. y CpeM-
CKllM KapJIOBL{llMa llMa ll HeKllX oco6HTOCTll y se:m ca
sprnelheM THX o6H1.1aja. Ka.u ce ynaje mm >f<e1m jell.HO H3
Myhe, Mnalja cecrpa o.uttoctto 6paT ocrnje •Ha 110J111Qm.
T aMBOr MOMKa JtltrHy .upyra JtBa MOMMa YBHC .no llOJIHQe.
Ott Tpe6a Aa 11om1je jeJtHY HJIH TPH 1.1awe Bttna 11 .ua
1.1awoM Tpectte o 3eMJhY .ua ce pa3611je. T o ce •mm1 H KOJJ.
MJJa,!l,O>Kelh!iHe H MO.it M113.!lllHe Myhe c MJial)ttM 6paTOM
OJ:lHOCHO cecrpOM, caMO WTO ce MOJt MJI3AO>f<Ctbe TO H3BO-
.!lll Ma.it CBaTOBH CTllrHy c MJl!l,QOM, a MOJt MJlaAe npe,1],
nona3aK csarosa. O ocne npse 6pa1.1tte ttohtt MJJa.a:cuaua,
o6 tt'IHO tteMa crapHja »<e tta, 6rmcMa pol)aMa, 6auH Talhnp
npe,ll, spaTa co6e y MOjoj cy Mna,a:eHQH .ua ce pa36ttje. A1<0
y TOMY Te ttohtt m1je .uowno no .ue!fi11opam1je, a >f<etta
pa36Hje Talhttp, caMa ttesccra ce 6ytttt wro cc TO pantt, jep
'' Y. M. : 06H ~ OjH CR>TQl><KM y CpeMy. JIMC, 70, 1845,61 - 62; B. CT. Ka~Mh:
)(\MHO'I" M otiH~ •iM Kapo!lll <pncHora. Be~ 1867, 318-319.
"Mot.rK>W C.. lllK•J>Hh: "'"B<>T" ofiMqajH l1111HMH•lll no.11 <l>pywK""' r opoM.
CE3, S4,J;corpu.19l9, l07.
"J.K<>306opMh:l1pa90C.lla•otacpnc1<1napoHj•yrPKJIKJ>Oi•Ml910.rot11tHC . Cp
KOpJIOBUM1912,S4
'• M. B)'6a.rr<>-KopnyHaw: Hop<>JUt< npaaMOBCJ>MU< "" ll.cpo,... y J;aqKoi . rEM,
Vll,6coq>ul932,82
======2s1 ======
otta m1je ~ pa36ttjettat . Cm11.1Htt cy o6111.1aj11 11 KOA Cp6a y
Ea1.11<oj. Ko.a Cp6a y Mecry .IJ;epolbaMa, Ma.u cee.uy MJia.uett-
qe, neeeptt pa3611jy 3CMJh3Hlt nottal{ npeA epaTHMa 11
BHKHy: •MYllIK()t llllll Ot<eHCl(()t. Hesecra he poJtllTH Ta-
1(80 ACTe 1(31(0 cy OHll TaAa PCKJIH. !S y MCCTY C 11sqy, l(a,1],
ce CBCJ:tY MJlaJICHl{H, pa36ttje ce HCl(H TalbHP HJIH JiOHau 0
1b11xosa spam. O pe rora jow, JtOM HYM oMpehc Hona 11a
HOj nMa ce nose3Jla ttenecra, :iaose nynajy Talb11pe H 1<a-
w111<c WTO cy llX no6Jtne KO,ll, MJlaJIHllC Kyhe. O o MOM
JIH\IHOM C33Halby, y OKOJillHH Hosor Ca.Qa (Ea1.1Ma), Ma)], ce
CBCAY MJia,QeHQH, 6mrnrn cpOAHHUll J:l0Jla3C )],0 lbllXOSa
OJtCJhelbll ca MY3llt<OM II y je.UHOM qacy he HCKII 0)], lbllX
pa36ttTll 6oQy. Kon 6al.JKllX EylheBaQa o611'laj je na Mna-
AOmelhHH Mnal)11 6paT pa36ttje o 3CMJhY nottau 3a speMe
Hrpc 110 OJ:VIaCKY csaTOBa ca .ueeojal.JKe CTpaHe . TttMC OH
T06o>f<e no1<a3yjc .ua jc tta •roptbOj 11on11uu - . 1 ~
Y ccsepttoM EattaTy, y Ot<OJIHHH 3 pelhatt11Ha, 11ocroj11 H
cana o6tt'laj .ua HCMH o.u 11ycrocm.1rn 3rpa611 Ka1<as n pa3att
;1ottau HJIH hyn na ra pa3611je o spam wrnrJha, Ka.Q cc
CBCJ:tY MJia.UCHQll. H y ccsepttOM EattaTy ll y OKOJIHHH
n a11'leBa, y jy»<HOM EattaTy, o6 ttl.Jaj je JJ;a je.uatt OJt nycro-
csarn pa36ttjc nottaQ (p el)e qawy) o cry6 tta 1<anttjH HJJH
0 TO\laK OJ:t KOJla Kall: CBaTOBll nona3C 0)], ,!l,CBOja'lKC KY-
he. A1w ce necll .ua ce cy.o; He pa36Hjc, HCHH rarnjy na
he MOMaK HMaTH TCWKoha OKO .ucsojKe (npttnHKOM .o;e-
!finopauu je).
Y ceny JapKOBQY y cpeA1t.eM EaHaTy o6ttl.Jaj je .Qa Mna-
JlO»<C1b3. tta Aatt csa.Q6e Mopa .ua pa36ttjc qarny. O pc.u
110Jla3aK c MJJaJJ;OM OJ:t lbCHC Kyhe MOpa .i:ta yKpa.i:te qawy ca
CTona H 11a je OH.Qa, Ha ll3JiaCKY ll3 JlBOpllWTa, pa36Hjc 0
CTy6 Ha Kan11jtt. CMaTpajy Kao pl)as 3HaK aKO ce ,1:1ectt .Qa
ce 'lama tte pa36ttje: yMpe he ttacKopo MJia.QO>KC1b3. mm
MJla,Qa. H y OHOJJHllH Bpwua (c. JacettOBO) MJla.UO>KClbll
pa36ttja cyJ:t H3 Kor jc ntto o cry6 1<yhc Ma.Q cc nose.ue
HCBCCTa o.n lbeHC Kyhc. A y caMOM Bpwuy pa3611ja ce
"rc>aCt..cn.:&y...,... qKMotiM ... jH. K .. H>t<COHHCCBCp,l,Cyfunt1111925, llS.
°"""""
•• MIUIOPOJl Ilponi~: Bcpoea...a KOil ))'>t!MKX y o6m•CTH pol)o- H3'1POB-
n.a M111or~.&"6nM01"CM• U•HTP•JHtOT""1"MjcHCK0<3"80!11141-Misctll•nc. ),
J;oorpa;l,1940,)S
======212======
nouau nocne npm<a3Hea1b3 Jl,apoea 11 nOCJ1e o6aee3HHX
tti'apa ca Mna.ttOM, tta 1-2 can noUJTO ce cee.ny Mna.11cttw1,
H TO Hcnpe11 lbl!XOBHX epaTa.
Herne je y Cp6nj11 eek n3o6111.1ajeuo pa3611jau,e cy.no-
ea 0 cea.11611, aJlH cc OHO y MHOnlM KpajeenMa Cp611je
OJl.p>t<aaa H .11auac. He caoWTaeajyku n 1mo y KOM Kpajy,
an11 je no.QanK eepoeaTHo 1-1:1 UlyMaJlHje, AP M . .Uparnli
caonurraea K8KO, l<aJ],3 cc Ha ASH BCHtta!ha Hrpa 33BpWHO,
•wapetto Kono •, jeitatt OJl csaroea np1tJ1a31t 11eeecrn 11
MJla.tlO>KClbH KOjH tt 33 BpcMC Hrpc AP>f<C 33.jC,ll.HO 33 pyKe,
II 6al1ll H3.'lteljy lbHX cyn ca BOJl.O.Y., JJ.3 6tt M.lla.rta Jl8KO
po.mwa ne-re.17 Y Kparyjeea•11<oj Jacemnttt (lllyMa.auja)
6110 je o611'1aj Aa cy cearoe11 nOCJJe o6eJJ.a Tp'lanH no
neopttWTY tt pa3611jam-1 cy,1J.oee." Y npeneny Jleeqy, no-
UJTO ce llCBCCTa yee.ne y MJlaJtO>KClbHHY 1<ytiy, CCJtHC
cee1<pe11 y 1<p11no. Ta.na cearoectrn eojeona pMe no11at1 c
eonoM H pa361-1je ra nope.a cee1<pec, y3 pe•m Hao .a.a ce Otta
T06ome noMOKpttna. a
Y HCT04HOj Cp6Iijtt, y THMOKy, npe.a. nona3aK csarosa
no ttesecry, a nowTO Mnaao>He1ba y3jame KO!ba, ottaa MY
cecrpa wm 1<oja npyra ttajfum>Ha pol)a1<a 3axsaw spr
BHHa H Ha3npas11 3a cpehua nonac1<a. Ott npttxsaTa, cpt<tte
Mano stttta, na 6aLtH qawy npe1<0 necttor paMetta. Csarostt
npH4eKaiy 48Wy H ttora,\\a jc H3JIOMC. TaKO 'lall.ly c BHHOM
~:=~" c:::""~H H~~:: :: ~~o:'::na:;o~~:/.~o\·~
11cro PaJJ.H MJ1a.nomelbll " y 6o.n.esa'11<0M cpe3y.i 1 H y
OKOJJHHH Oomapesua, 1<a,n ttesecry nose11y on 1<yli.e H oua
ce nonue y 1<ona, m111y joj 4awy BJ.Itta. Otta cp1<He na 4awy
6alt11 npeKo cc6c na ct pa36ttje. Y npe.tten11Ma PacHHll H
)l{ym1 (1<pymeea'11<oj) 6110 jc y crapo speMe o6tt'laj .tta ct
WJ~!~~~7·E1~~:=~:::~~1:=
1
~; ~-. Cnaoj<llKh,Caa;i6aiMo&o ... jM JT.._,-. 0 - • "°""""'""'T.-
1!f-~·~~ [~r~~Mo&o ... j• uepe.. &oJo.<,,.......,... CE3, XV I,
1te
~-I~~: Cpnoo<oi ,..pojl,llM o&o""j" J 'i;.,!tl)uoljct<Oj """"· CE3, XI ,
~-3eM.)'M19n,61
======251======
pa36nje cyn Kall ce csoae MJia,nCHUH, na je ro tt3o611l{ajc110
(1<a1<0 Mll jc pcl{etto 1946). 06tt4aj ce oapmaea H nattac Y
4HTaBY ronn1141<0M 01<pyry (npe.tten11 Tonnttua, KocaHHQa
It .llo6pHl{), aJJll "HC csyna icJ.1Ha1<0, WTO ct MO>f<C _naKO
o6jacmtm pa311HKa."'a y nope1U1y CTaHOBHHIIITBa, 1ep Y
Of\pyry sekHHY CTallOBllHlUTBa 4HHe J],OCeTheHHUH H3 p83-,
HltX o6naCTH, 1<oj1-1 cy J],OwnH nOCJle 0CJ1o6ol;c!ba OKpyra
on Typat<a (1878). Ta1<0 y no6pH4l<OM cpe3y,. r.nc jc
O'lyea110 CTapHjC cpnc1<0 CTaHOBHHllJTBO y 3~aTIIHJC.M 6po-
jy, nocroj H o6tt4aj c1m4a11 oHoMe y HCT04H?J Cp6HJH: 1<a,n
cc MJlarul 113BCAC H3 poJJ.J.tTCJhCKe t<yli.c, ITHJC BHHa H OH,tta
6aua qawy npe1<0 ce6e. To je, Kamy, •Kyp6aH • (mprea).
At<o ce 'lallla pa.361-1jc, ro cnynt Ha pa.nOCT 11 cpelly. Crora,
aKO ce JJ.CCH .tta cc 4awa caMa HC pa36ttje, mm.a jc ttaMeptto
pa.36ujy. Y 11aj6n ttmoj OI<OJll!Hll Opo1<ynJba (npeJJ.rpal;c
DojaTC), 1<aJ], cc y Kyky AOBCJ],e MJla,!la, HCK~ o~ csarosa
YA8PH HOroM 0 TCCTHjy c BOllOM H pa.3611JC JC, na cc
csaTOBH pyrajy cse1<pe11 wro cc T06o>t<e n_oMoKp~n.a . A
KOA crapoccJJ.enaua y ccny Cnpoj Bo}f(ypttOJ o61t<1a1 JC JJ.a
MJl8Jl,O>f<Clba, Kall. HaHlje ca csaTOBHMa y Kyhy, YA3.PH
11oroM y cy.11 c BO.QOM tum .llPYrHM m1heM, KOjll je nOCTa_s-
JbC H 11c11pc1J. yna38 y 1<yhy. Al<o He ycne JJ,a r a pa36HJC,
311al< je na tteke ttMaTJ.t cpelly y 6pa1<y. H erne (Hnp. y ceny
TMae1-1), Ka,n ce yse.a.e tteeecra y 1<yhy, OH.Ila o611<1HO
3CTOBll pa36nj y Hpaj lbC TCCT11jy c BOil.OM na npase wane
Ha lbCH pa4yH: J<a1<0 ce, ro6ome, noMOKpttna 4HM je ywna
y Kyhy. A y cen11Ma uenocpc.QHO no.i:t nnattHHOM Konaott11-
KO.'ll, Kall. ct CBCAY MllaJtCHQH, OH,lla MllaJtO)l(ClbCl<H MOMal<
llJlll eojeoJ],a (KOjH je 3CT MJiaJtO>t<elbHH) pa36ttja HCKO
rpne, nowro nponnjc sony 113 lbCra llJlll OHaKo 33jC,!lHO c
00110.\\.
y Ot<OJll!Hll JleCMOBLla o6H<1aj jc J.t,a cc 0 CBaD.6H pa:.i611jc
3CMJblUIH CYA •natt11ua . llJIH •1<aneHttQa •• II TO ce BpWll no
napo'IHT0.'11 nOCTynKy. IlpeJJ. pa.311J1ll381< csarosa, Hany11tt
ce namma e 11110 •.,, ( 1/ 2 - 1 nHTilp), a y tbY ct cras11 ja6y1<a,
noWTO ct y ja6y1<y 3a6oJ.t,y Tplt .i:tPBUCTa Ha KOjHMa he
crojarn. Crnpn ceaT n11jc nps11 113 naHHUC H Y ja6y1<y
3allCUe 11onau. nocne tt.Cra n11jy peJ.t.OM ocrantt. Butto 113
namm:c MOpa ce UCITHTll JlO J1H3. Tan.a ll3Jla3H crap11 csaT H
======2s•======
1rnje H3 naHHU:C, 1<oja ce nottoea ttaTo•rn:. Toce 'IHHH jow
y 1<ytm. 3aTHM ce oneT nym1 nam1Qa u crapH ceaT m1je tt3
lbe nacpcn .tlBOPHUJTa. Tpelm nyr m1je Ha 1<armjH n,
nowTo nom1je •.o:om1jy ,, ynapa naHHQOM o 1<am1jy. A1<0 ce
nattuQa pa3t5Hje, 3HaH je na lie 6Hrn ttanpen<a y HyhH. A1<0
ce naHHQa tte pa:J6Hje, ceaTOBH ce pa3HJla3e ttepacno11ome-
HH,jep eepyjy .na crapH CBaT HHje llO>f<CJlCO t<yh.H no6pa.
H no cenuMa 01<0 Bpaii,a Mopa ce o cea.nfo1 pa36urn jc11ua
qawa, H TO o6H<mo YPaJlH crapH CBaT.
no jywttoM TioMopaeJhy jow cc OJJ.pmaea 06114aj J),a ce
r10cne npee 6pa,rne ttokH Mna,nettaua spurn nperne,1:1 .a;a ntt
je HCBCCTa .nouma K(IQ .o:esojt<a. y OHOJHlHH JleCHOBQa, na
H y nepu¢epttHM MaxanaMa Jlec1<osua, cMaTpa ce .a;a ttese-
CTit Koja je pam1je .r1eclmopHca11a, ,ll.OHOCH ttecpehy ne caMo
1<yhll Y 1<0jy je JlOee.n:etta Her o u •nnaey ceny, na ce pa.Qtt
0,!16pauc O,!l 3na npe,!ly3HMajy pa3ue Mepe MaJ:jttjCJ<or 1<a-
paKTepa, MeJ:jy HOjHMa H pa36Hjalbe <1awe. AHO ce YTBPllH
,!la MJla.Qa HesecTa uuje •apua t, oua Tpe6a ,!la H3Mere Hyfiy
11 t;y6pe CHym1 y CKYT tt ,!la y3Me aeuue H3 1<yi'ie, na cae TO
.11a 6autt y BO,!ly ,!la 611 cae WTO je nowe orn:wno y so,!ly, ,!la
CTOHa He 611 crpa,1:1aaana H CJl. H, MOpa cc CBHMa J<a3an1
HaHBa je 6ima Mna.Qa, jep je H TO Mepa ,!la ce J<yfia cnacc O,!l
u ccpefie. E11fic sen11HO 3JIO aHo caM .'l:na,QO>t<en.a caHp11je
/:ta je Hceecra sefi pam1je ne<tinopHcaua. A J<a.r:t ce tt3jyTpa
6yne cnym11na pam1ja, TllHBY ncsecry HaTepajy na oua
nonttje npsy 'lawy na 6tt CBC TO WTO je JIOWe OTHWJIO Ha
lhy, ua tt.e11y rnasy, a Mna.r:ta OHlla 6aua u pa3611ja •iawy
(lllTO ce 1rna1.1e He pa1rn, -J<ao llITO cc, l<a.Q jc cec y peny,
HeBeCTII yonllITC He ,!lajc HH ,!la nttje a oua caMo cny11m
ocrane c H6ptt<1HfieM).
Ha Kocoay ce crapoj1<0 (crapu caaT) Hcnpafia Ha cnu-
1.1au ua1.111H Hao y OKOJIHHtt Bpa1ba H JlecJ<oeua: nona3ei'iu,
011 TPHTIYT sacrajHyje H cena, H TO npe,!l HyfioM, ua cpenu-
HH llBOpHWTll ll 11a 1<anuj11, aJIH TOM npHJJHJ<OM !IC pa36Hja
Hll!<aHas cyn. Ko,!l Cp6a y Dal<OBHUH 61-10 je o61-11.1aj na
MJta,Q~fiH 1-13 pona, Kart ce CBO,!le MJ!a,[1CHUH, pa36Hjajy
TeCTl-l)C, JlOHQe ll ,!lp .
H y Ol<OJll-IHl-I Hoaor nasapa H y npeneny n on;p1-1Ml-l
( 01<on1-1Ha CTptt3peua) 06tt<1aj je l<O.rt npaeocnaattHX Cp6a
======2ss======
l:ta MOMQH pa36ttjajy He1<e cy,!lOBe, ll TO OOWTO ce H3Hece
npHJ1or o csa,ri;61-1. Ha caMoM Kocosy 6tto je 06H<1aj jolll n;o
ocaMn;ecernx ro.llllHa XIX ee1<a ,!la caM MJla,!lO>t<Clba nocne
npse 6pa•me uofiH pa361-1ja 1<p<1ar y KOM je 6una aon;a
cnpeMJhCHa MJla.QeHUHMa 33. npe1<0 uofitt. Pa36ujao ra je,
T06o>Ke, y 3Ha1< n;a je uesecra 6nna neaoj1<a. A y cperta<1-
1<oj >t<yn1-1 (Ol<OJlHHa nptt3peHa), 1<aJ:( MJla,!lO>t<Clba yJJa3tl
1<0,!l u eaecre, o6tt<1aj je n.a tte1<tt o;:i: 6numer porta (crap1-1
CBaT HJIH 1<0 n;pyrtt) pa36Hje jen;tty rencttjy ttcnpert o,!lajc
y l<Ojoj fie MJla;:tCHUl-1 npoBCCTH npsy 6pa•my HOfi.
061-11.1aj je y npe,!leny KapwHja1<y (Ol<OJJHtta C1<on.n.a,
MaHeAOHJ-tja) ,!la KYM nocnc ae1.1epe 0 CBa,Q6H frlPOWTCBa •
(onpawTa): ,!lOHecy ce ,!lBa spra c Bl-IHOM, na MJta,!lO>t<Clbll
npecttna TpHn)'T BHHO 113 je;:i:uor y ,!lpyrn 1-1 011n;a ttx ;:i:aje
HCBCCTl-I. Ona 'II-IHI-I TO l-ICTO, na .11aje Bproae l<YMY, a HYM
6naroo1.n.a tt npe6autt npe1<0 lbHX o6a epr a c BHllOM, a
MJJa,na tt Mna;:i:omett.a pa361-1jy uoroM no je.11att. 3a rpa;:i:
Be.nee 33.6enem1-10 caM, npc neaAeCeT ro;:i:Htta , caMo TOJJHJ<O
na ce 0 CBa;:i:6tt pa36ujajy 3CMJbaHC TCCTHje. y Ol<OJIHHH
Deel)enHje, nollITO o6pujy MJla;:tO>KClhy, jem1a o;:i: noce-
crpttMa r!OJil-!Ba ra BHHOM ,!la YMHje py1<e H Jll-lllC, a je,naH
0.11 no6paTnMa cHna My eo;:i:e ;:i:a onepe uore. CnlOlo y
l<OMe je 6nno Bl-lHO OllMaX ce pa36ttje. H
Pa361-1 jalbe 3eM JbaHHX cy,1100a y ae3u ca csaJ(6ettHM 061-1-
<1aj11Ma no3HaTO je H HO,!l Eyrapa. Ta1<0 Ha np11Mep, y
Ol<OJJMHH Ce11ncurparta, npe 11ero wro fie Hpeuyrtt caa,!16etta
1<ona, ttpa 1.1 yn;apa o6a Bona no 1.1eny ca no jeJIHOM nattttUOM c
BttHOM, 1<oja fie cc pa361-1T1-1 o.a yn;apa, a y rpa;:i:y CeBJJujeay
a<eua 1<oja fie H3BPWHTH npernen; nocne npsc 6pa•rne nofi1-1
Y3ttMa .aae fiepaMl-1,!lC H pa36ttja Hx o no;:i:. 23
HanocJbcT1<y, 1-!Ma tt je.11an no,naTa1< 1-!3 eefie crap1rne 1<ojH
ce MO>l<e 6oJbC pa3yMCTH TCH y Be3H c J-l3HCTHM non;aUHMa 0
pa36Hjalby nocy;:i:a y caupeMcHHM o6111.1ajuMa o cean61-1 J<Oll
JY>l<Hl-lx Cnoeetta, a HOjH je, c npyre crpaue, ncna noTepn,a o
CTap1-1H1-1 o6n1.1aja ,!lace pa36ttjajy nocyne. CpnCJ<a Itp1<ee11a
=====:;;;2s6=====:;;;
npaeH.Jla 113 XIV ee1<a ca.11:p)f(e, nopea MHOrHX .npynix onpe-
:6:i;c:lt~6~:;~~~a:1~a: ;~~~,:~:o; K~ ~~"~;:'l:~:
t.taJO MJiaJ.1.CHl.UI, Hb na CTOll y l.\Pbl<BH Ha n0Tpe6y . •J•
tipKBa jc, Q<UlrJlCJlHO ,ll3BHO llCKOpe1mna e plll~lbe ror
o6H'taja HCnOCpeAHO y3 o6pen BCH'l31b3 tt y caMOJ LIPl<BH,
amt cc 0 11 , unaH, na 11e1m:MMCCTttMa OAPl+mo cee no nanac,
caMO ,!lCJlliMll 'lHO 11 3 MCibCH H npeMClllTCH, Hao WTO ..:y
n oKa3aJUt np 11Mepn tt 3 OKOJJHllC Ko11p1m1111l{e Y X peu-
CKOj, na H3 HCTO•me Cp611je Ii 113 .ll_o6p111.i a y TOilJlJ.ll-l){OM
oKpyry. HHa'le, ce H np11Mep11 pa36uJal-ba cy.nosa o cea.n6u
o•rnrne,11.110 je na 11Majy 11cr11 MaljHjc1m cM11cao 11 na cy ce11
nO'ftKJ1H on je.1t11or cxeaTaH>a 11 je;11mr npao6mt1<a.
3.
Malj11 jc1<0 pa3611jalbe cy.11:oea 1<0jc nparn cea116eue ~11-
•rnje KOJl eemncor ACJ!a Jy>mmx Cnoee11a no311aro JC H
Hao cacrae1111 nco norpe611or p1nya11a 11 epum cc Ta1<olje
KOA 311aT11or .nena Jy»<HHX Ci1oue11a. H 3rne.ua, 1maK, .ua
tt11je TOJJllKO pacnpocrpa!bCHO Kao 0110 Koie ce epum y3
csaJ.t6ette o6nqaje. Cea.u6a H norpe6 3al1CT3 cy seoMa
pa.3!111'-IHTe np111111Ke, II Bp110 je 3H3<1aj110 .ua ce H y jCJJ.HOj
tt y n.pyroj np111111tn1 cycpeke 11cra Mal)11jc1<a paJ.ttt.a. Kao
WTO cc II np111111KOM CBaA6e CYJJ.OBll HC pa.J611jajy y CBllM
KpajCBHMa y HCTOM JJ.C!l Y IUlll MOMCHT)' cea,q6e, TilKO Hiiia
HCKHX pa311uKa 11 y eprnelhy TC pa.n.1bC Y3 norpe6ue o611<1a-
je: o611<1110 cc cyn. pa36u ja now TO ce 11311ece MPTBaLt 113
Kyke, ll TO cc ypa,qll y Kyk11 l!Jlll ll3Ba!I Kyke. 3aHllMJbl1BO
je jow n.a cc oea pa.utt.a tt c noM111bC y om1c11Ma norpc61111x
o611<1aja ll3 X peaTCKC ceM y jen 11 0~1 crap 11 je~1 om1cy 113
Jla;1MaQ11je a <iecro cc noMmbC y rpal)u 113 U pne r ope,
,llaKJIC caCBllM cynpOTHO OHOMC KaKO je KOil, csa.a.6em1x
o611<1aja.
Y lla.nMal.{11j11 ce no.\1111be, OKO 1780, o611<1aj Jl3 ce, <1111'1
ce 113 Kyke 11311CCC MPTBaLt, npell, Kyky n36aizyjy II p33611·
~ttacqun: 1'bbildunsunclflndu'ftbwit:de•olld>m<ur>d6otlidocnWenden,
lll~r<r und Sloven .•. 1/4. Le;,ni1 LllCM, ltl .
====== 2s1======
jajy 3CM.n.a1111 JJOHLtll 11 en., wro, no m1c1.1y, Tpe6a ita
no1<ame Ka Ko je cee 11a 3CM.n.11 npona3110. 15 KaJ.t ce MPTBaLt
OJ<yna, Koi:i. Cp6a y JlyMa no:t.y (cpe3 OoaK, lioc11a),
pa36njc cc 11011a11 0.11 BO.UC II <iCWaJb cc 6a1.1a. Pa.3611ja1bC
JIOHQa y 080,\\ c11y<1ajy ~\IOH<C ce TyMa<lllTll II TllM UITO je
nonaLt ymYrpe6oM 3a MpTBaQa nocrao p111ya11110 11e•111CT.
Y Cpe,.,1cK11M Kap11om111Ma, a1<0 yMpe M11a11 MOMaK 111111
Jl,CBOjKa, y norpc611oj llOllOPLlll llOCll cc Ha T31bllPY •l<py-
tta ~ (aettal.l}. Ka.u cc i<ou<ier cnycrn y rpo6, Talbnp cc 6aw1
11a 1<oe<1er n.a ce pa3611jc; aKO ce c11y <1aj110 11c pa3611 jc,
311a1< je na kc 11acKopo yMpcrn 11111.{e 1<oje r a je 6au11110.
OnwT11 je o611<1aj y 11CTO.\I MCCTY JJ.a ce cyrpanan nQCJle
caxpatte HCJ<Or MPTBat1a l!Jl.C ua lberoe rpo6. To llJJ.ClbC ce
30ee morpe6 •. n open. OCTaJJora UlTO ce TaJJ.a paJtu, rpo6
cc OKaJ:lll n ottita ce Tillbllp y KO.\\C jc 61111a map pa3611jc
npeKO J<pcra. Crora ce Kpaj cecm11x rpo6oea s11ne p61me
OJI Talbupa. KoJJ. Cp6a y BpwLty 11 OJ<OJIHHll o611<1aj je, a1<0
yMpe Mo.1131< 11m1 .uesojKa, .na cc 11oc11 •1<a11ajm1ja ' {11e1<a.ua
cy.u on KaJiaja, ca.ua o611<1au 1alb11p) ca ae11QcM. no c11y-
wrn11>y 1<0e<1era y r po6, Ta1b11p ce pa3611jc o ca,11 1<0n•1er.
Y1<yka1111Ma 1m jc np11 jaT110 aKO cc necu ,'1a cc Ta1bltp 11e
pa:3611je.
He 11aeonck.11 113nop, npo<ll. E. Jllucaajc caonwTaaa
KaKo ce y OKOJlllllll Wanua npnmum.\\ nor pe6a pa3611 ja
C}'Jt 113 Kor je CUCUITCIUIK npem10 MPTBaL{a. J6 y llCTO<I·
11oj Cp611j11 pa.J611ja ce 11e1<11 cy.u KaJ:l ce MPTBaLI nouccc 113
Kyke, 11 ro y ee311 ca npynm ,\lal)11jc1<11M pa,qtt.aMa. Ta"o y
6olbeea<1J<0.11 cpe3y J<aJJ. u311e<:y MPTBaQa 113 co6e, ua ouoMe
MCCTY r.ue jc JICH<ao pa36n jy jem10 jaje, 33KYLl3iY rno:mc-
tt11 l<Jllll!all y uaTOC ll1111 y 3CMJbY II p33611jy jcm 1y Tlll<BY
(epr) ca BOJlOM. 11 TaJ<o ce pa.u11 11 y 3ar11au1<y, c TOM
pa3.rtllKOM .ua cc pa3611ja rp11c 11m1 <iawa. Hapo.u110 o6jam-
lbClbC TllM pa.n1ba.11a y 3arnae1<y jc na ce pa3611ja11>cM
rp11cTI1 11n 11 •iawc pa36uja caa1<0 3110 y J<yli.11, a KJlllllLIC,\I cc
y Hyli.11 331<1ma c.,1pr.J•
"E. SchnttWrioo: GrundriH det Volk>Jloubens ur>d Volk>brouchs du Se:rbo-
-KrooolUl.Ctbel9)',IJJ.
.. c.•. 1-p11ooh: ..... -ua.
" M. T . Cra>to;e~ M h : 3orn-. Cli3, XX ,~ 1911, lB.
" J°""MXOUM lla<->o.W•Mh: J)'"*""Cftpo~j.,11. ~ 191). JJJ.
 ======21s======
Hel<OJlllKO 3aHHMJb llBHX 11011arnKa o pa36ujathy cy.o.oBa
y se311 ca norpe6mtM o6114aj1rna ca6pao caM y TOKy 1946.
Onumt je o61l'·taj y npc}l.eny T orIJ1m111, 11 l<Oll crapoceJie-
11a1.11<or cra11os1111urrBa u KOJI 11ace.1t.e1111Ka (nocne 1878),
,!lace, nowro ce MpTBa 11 caxpam1, Ha rpo6y pa36J.1je CYJJ. y
HOM je 6imo BIUIO KOjHM jc CBCWTCH ll K npemto MPTBaua.
Y 11ajfurnmoj 01<omm11 n poKynn.a, nope.11 rora wro ce
pa3611ja rnj cyn,, Ha rpo6 cc crasu 031"0 CYll 14op6anyK •
(pa1mje 3Ba11 mam1ua •), 1<oju ce npo6yw11 11a cpe11111111. Y
OKOJI HHll JlecKOBU3 (ceno JIOHOWl!ltua ii .np.), Killl ce noije
c MpTB3UCM II KaJI np3T!b3 npel)e pe1<y, je.n.11a ifi:CHa OJI.
Kykc no!;e Ta)la 11 pa361ijc cy.n y peu11, rosopeh.11 y rnj •rnc:
1H a rnojy rnaey! • ro6o)f{e .r:ta cc cspurn 3JIO Ha TOMC
MpTBauy, na npecra11e yo\111pa1bC y KykH. cemtMa 01<0 no
Bna,im41111a Xa11a, KaJl cc MpTuau cnycnt y paHy, y paKy ce
6aQ11 11 o ca11ny1< pa3611je cyJI y K0.'11 je 6una nwe11mrn, a
TaKO llCTO II cy.n. 0)1, Bmia. y OKOJlllHll npelllCBa, Kan ce
MpTeau u311oc11 113 Hykc, pa36uje ce nmrnQ c ncnCJJoM o
3CMJhy, a y llCKUM MCCTllMa no11cl;e J1011au c ncnCJIOM ll
>1<apoJ\1 ll pa3611Tll ra Fta OllOM MCCTY rttc jc MpTBau
11e>1<ao.n
Ha Kocoay je o6n•rnj 11a ce, notUTO ce ~1pTaau 3aKona, o
KaMCll pa3611je '-Jall'IC y KOM je 611na .no11eTa OllJCHHQa
(HOJbllBO). HCKH, naH, TaMO r.tl,C HCMa ~KIJC, pa3611jy II
0110 rpne 111111 upen y HOM cy .t1.011cn11 aaTpe 11a rpo6JhC 11 c
I<OjoM je 011.n.a non npeHan110 rpo6_ Jo Y eapoum np11wm-
H11 11 y 11aj61111>1<oj OHOmm11 1111a11ac je o611llaj na cc cy.n. y
HO.'! jc 611110 Bll!IO II y.lbC 38 npe1111B81bC MpYB3Ua pa:".IQttje 0
3CMJby, nowTO cc MPTBan cnycr11 y paHy a npe 11ero llJTO
cc 38TJma. 41me TIIHO •na ce pa3611je TO 3110, rn 6o11ccr, .n.a
HC 611 6HJIO BllUIC TOra y Kyh1u. no MOjl!M o6aBClllTClbll-
~1a, 0 HpCT Ha rpo6y pa3611ll.c cc llC CaMO cyn y HOMC je
6una nwemuta ucro 11 6o'-IHl.l8 y 1<ojoj jc 6imo JlOHCTO
BllHO.
Ko.n. Cp6a y OHOJlllllll Hoaor n a33 pa 'lyBajy y Hyk.H
p61111e O.tl. 11pcn.1hll Bek 11eyncnpe6Jb11Be, 38 CJJyl!aj ,n,a yMpe
" 11. llr6<""'°""~ ' 06M~1j" CJ>I"""" 1t1l)(l!UI ,.. Kocuor no..,,y,
rpt,:1,1907, 2•2.
'" SB,Vll,C.pai<110 189J, l7J.
======,,•======
HO y t<ytm. Ka.n. llCKO yMpe, na ra .Qlt»<y c MCCTa r11c je
11c>1<ao 11 11011ecy Ha rpo6JbC, oHJJ.a 11e1<0 - pe,n,OBHO crapaQ
1m11 crap11ua - Y3.'IC TC p61111e u y.n.apa lhH Ma .n.a ce
pa36njy o MCCTO r.n.e je nemao nmmjmnc TeK noc.ne TOra
'IHCTC co6y.
Upna ropa II Bot<a cy o611acr11 y KOjHMa je pa3611 jalbC
cy.n.oea y se311 ca norpe611uM o611'-1ajuMa, MO»<e ce petm,
onurre no3HaTo. n o je11uo.'>I pam1jeM caonwTClhy, y Up11oj
fop11, aKO cc .n.ec11 .n.a y jei:t11oj Ky k.11 yMpe y TOKY ro;:ume
.n.soje l!ClbaD.11, 11anajy ce 11 Tpck.eM . .Ila TO 11e 6y.t1.e, Tpe6a
11a cc Ja .n.pyrttM MPTBOQC.'ol, nope,11 OCT3.JUIX Mepa Koje ce
npei:ty3uMajy, wToroi:t 11 pa3611je.l 1 Y 3em je o61-14aj 11a,
TIOUITO 113Hecy MpYBa1.ta 113 Hyk.e, pa3611jy 0 1<yk1111 npar
6ouy 11m1 TllHBy, i:ta He 6u y6p30 jow KO y111po y TOj 1<yku;
1111j c 6m10 npamrno, a.n:11 ,'o\110n1 cy pam1je c1ma.n:11 no11y y
Tl!HllY II ny11y je pa3611ja.n:11.U 11 y C3..'o!Oj Bapow11 n o,!l,rQ-
pitQll, 110 ycMCHOM caonwrelhy H . Pa,uynom1k.a, 6110 je
o6n'l8j 11a ce pa36uje HCKll cy11, Hail cc 113 t< yke u311ece
MpTRatt. Y fnyxoM UOJiy, y U pMHHitH, Ha.ti. MpTeaua no11e-
cy 113 Kyhc, ynapc Tp11nyT 11oc11n11Ma o npar (Ila uc 6y,ue
BllllJC ~l pTBaua y t<yh.11), a Hall 6yi:ty y llBOPltlUTy, 011.n.a
pa36ujy HCHy npa311y 6oL1y llJlll Tttl<By, y 3HaK .n.a HC OCCTU
1<yha l'lllWC WTeTC Ja lbllM, HO 311 pa3611 je110111 CTBap11. ll H
1<0,n, npaeoc.nan1111x 11 HOJ.l HaTOJJHHa y 3ynitHMa (Up110-
ropc1<0 npn,'>!opjc), Ka)l, no11ecy MPTBa1.1a 113 1<yhe, yi:ta pe
1<0n'lcro." TPH nyr.i 11a npary epaTa (!la ue 611 KO 113 TC
t<ykc CHOpo yMpo). H3 llCTOr f3poHa, HCKll 38KOJbC OCBQa
111111 pa3611jc HaHBY nocy11y. 34 Kao 11 y UpMHllQll, u y
naWTpoBHkHMa (6oKa), '-lllM ll3Hecy MJ>TBal{a H3 Kyk.e,
pa36ujy 11CK11 cy.n., o61l'-IHO 6ouy, ,113. ce 11e 6u Ja YMPJIHM
OCCTllJIO BllWC W TCTI: HO 33 pa3611je110.'1 CTBap11.lS A no
je,11110.'I .n.pyro.'>I caonWTClhY Koje ce o.n.11oc11 11a 'IHTaBY
"C. Tpo~"h: Bnpo. J "'"""'1'" o6oo ... j...., q>n<>a>r " " - · CE3, XLV,
~ 19JO, l'S- 1"6; 1ln"jal'a;u"""odl: H - - y : k n .. rl!.\t,XI,
~1916,61
"LubiJO'fO"it:CmotonJ<;prilozi. ZNZOJS,l,Z.,,,,bl896,69
" J . B~h : Bj<pe><>1"~o6oo ... jM T i.Jpo<HMl111 . 3amooo,XIV,
UeTt11,...19JS,161.
CF.3, VII, &to- " Milot M. J.,,..,..;t: Cmosonti prilozi. ZNZOJS, I, Zqrd> 1896, 9'
"J<>M&MJl . 8)'10UH<>ll"h:Bj<pcKJ1MllP)'1UTB<""<>iltr'<llj1ryillW)IOll"""""·;)an"-
CM,XV l,IJenow l9l6, 171.
======260======
Eo1<y, y OHOM 'lacy Ka.a: MpTBalla H3HOCe Jl3 Hyhe, pa36l!jC
ce J<a!<aB CTaKJlCllll cyn H 6aua 3a MpTBaJ._{C,,l. A1<0 TO HC 611
Y'UlHHml , aepyjy .Ila 6tt jow KO yMpo H3 TC ~lCTC Hylie. 3b
HarroCJiern:y, i:ta noMCHCM 11a H 1<011 Ap6aHaca y ll.y1<a-
u1rny, 1\0jH 1rnaj y y HHIBOTy H o6wiaj11Ma MHOro 3ajC)l!IH'·l-
IHtX LiPTa ca UpHorop111tMa, 1<a.u ce 113 Kyfie H3HOCH Mpr-
aal{, jenaH 011. crapHjHx y1<ykatta rpc6a .a:a pa36ttje rptte
ttm1, jorn 6on.e, J:ta ra caMo rnirne ttoroM (.rta ce H36ertte
H3JH1WHa unern). T o pane na 6tt cnpe'-11urn JJ.pyry ttecpeky
y roj 1<ylm. 31 KaTOJlH'IJ<tt Ap6attactt 01<0 Da1<0BHl1C, Ta1<0-
l)e .UyKaUttHllH, i<aJJ. cc MpTBau cnycm y rpo6, tt3m1jy y
rpo6 6ouy 611aroCJJOBCHC BO!lC, a OH.Ila 6oL1y pa36ttjy 0
KOB'-lCr.
HMa npHMepa, 11a1<0 cy penm, ua cc cyn pa3611ja 11 HOJl
Mal)HjC}(Of JIC <!Clba llC IHIX 6oJJCCTH ~l HCnJIO.UHOCTH KOll
JbYLlli 11 cro1<e. Om1cyjylu1 nocrynaK HM jeJJ.HllM JJ.eTero.11
Koje je HMaJJO ttacryn naJtaBmte, 113sewTa<1 sentt KaKo cy
tt3He1111 JJ,eTe Ha OHO Mecro rJJ,e cc pa36one110, na MY
OPOCTPJIH J].a JJC»<H 6e3 jacryKa . .Uouero jc 11 Hall. J],CTeTOM
IlOJJO»<e110 KOPllTallQC, na je Hail lhllM pa3611je11 ,10HaQ.
KopHTO je 11pwa110 JJ,a He 611 yJJ.ap11110 JJ.eTe, Kail ce o
KOpttTO y11apu110 JJOHQe~1, 11 OH ce pa36110. noCJJe rora cy
o6aBJI.ellC II HCKOJlllI<C 11pyrc Mal;HjCl<C paJ],!he.n
Y cescpttoj EyrapcI<oj y 1pycancI<oj HCilCJbtt t (y MCCCllY
Majy) HAY nosopI<C pycam1ja mm I<anymapa. Hrpajy no
cenuMa 3a 3JlpasJbe u JJ.o6ap poil ycesa llJIH ila 11e•1e
6o11ccHHI<C. KaJt Hrpajy ila I<Ora l JJC <1c •, Ta I<yk.a 113 I<ojc jc
6o11ecmrn cnpe;1rn HOBO rpHe ca HCHa<ICTOM BOJ],OM. Kany-
rnapu 11rpajy OHO 6o11ecH1rna. nowTo ce cspm11 11rpa OHO
caMOr 60JJCC!llrna, 11r pajy OHO rpHCTa c BO.QOM y 1<ojoj cy
neI<OBHTC 6uJbI<C. Kan BaTa$ (sol;a rpyne ) 11am1e 3HaI<,
Hajcrap11j11 I<anywap 1<oju BOJJ.H xop 3a,11axHC TOJbaro.11 11
pa36uja rptte. 39
I>11113y sapoumQe Cn. Htt1<011e 11a Ou<1eM nolhy (Ma1<c-
11ottuja) Bllpll ll3 3eMJbC jc;::ia11 cpynTHBllll OCTClb3I<, 36311
" llon C.B• H>KH~<HOBH~ : );QK.O CE3. XX, 6rorp>,o 19JJ, JJ!i.
'.' M.C.JO<Tp<6on:CnpaCp(iHjo HAn6aHHj• . Cn""<llHKCKA,41 . 6«>rpa;i, 1904,
188
"Y . ll. : llp... KyJmLKOHOpo;IHHXn1"'3HO»<p>t t1>.6H,I X,C.paj<0o l 894,JJ2
" M.Ap>UlfJlQB : O~•PKH . .. Co<lmjo 1934, 580.
=====;;;:2•1 =====;;;:
foseJJ.apoa 1<aMeH . To je oco6m: I<YJJTttu 11pcJJ.MCT, y senu-
1<0M llOUITOBalbY l<Oll CTaHOBHllWTBa HC caMO y 6JJH»<Oj
OI<Ollll.llll Hero II y npocrpa11oj o611acr11: !bCMY J],OJ1a311 CBCT
<1a1< o.n KyMattoaa, Beneca, Kot.Ja11a, I>octtlhrpaJta. lheMy
.Qo11a3e 11 xp11whaH11 u Myc11uMa1111, 11 Cnosc1111, 11 Typu11,
H U1iraim, H Ap6aHacH, u Unm.tap11 (B11ac11), u TO yot.JH
Dypljcsa Aa11a 11 Ha Dypl}csJJ,aH . .Uo11a3e 11ajs11rne 6em-
l.JC.Q1111 cynpy311 llJ!ll caMe >J<CHC HCpOTl<lllbC, Ii Ta BpCTa
nocenlJlaqa nMa 11a 06as11 Hajs11me Mal}njc1<11x pall.Iba: ila
06111jy -rpttnyT OKO ocre1b1<a, 11a Ha lhCMY nane csck.c,
spmc !<Oil !hcra mrny6au11jy, HTil. HcpoT1<11!he 11 mc11c
1<ojc mia jy caMo me11cI<y na me11e 11 Mym1<y .ucuy onacyjy
CTCHY KOHi.iCM, l<OJbY Ha lhOj }!{PTBY , l!T)l. Oopc.Q Tora,
11epOTl<Hlha Tpc6a .na cc llCilHe Ha CTeHY li ila TCCTll)OM liJlll
6ap11a1<0.'1, IIYl!liM BO.UC, y11ap11 0 l<aMCll. AKO ce CYA
pa3611je o creHy, .uo6ap jc 311a1<: mc11a he HMaTll nopo.Qa.
JeilHa meua c <Pa1<y11TeTc1<0,11 cnpeMoM Yilapa.r1a je -rpttnyT,
a.rm je CB31<1l nyT CY.!t ocrajao 'lllTilB.•u H KO.Q Cp6a y
EaHaTc1<oj 1<1111cyp11 11Ma ila cc pa3611ja cy11 y BC311 c
JICl.JCfbCM.
AKO 1<pasa CTaJmO TCJlll MYWl<Y TCJJaJI, a llOMah1111 je
pan na My ll!lyh11 nyT 1<paea OTCJlll me11c1<0 TCJTC, y Bp6oe11
(C;1aeo1111ja) 11e1<a >1{e11a npeH nyT tt3a Teo6e no~1y3e Kpa-
ay y caCBllM HOB 11011au, l<O)ll BaJba npeTXOJ:lllO MaJJO
Ol<plhl!Tll."
3a6eJIC)[{C!IO je na cc y BaJbCBCl<OM OKpyry (Cp611ja)
Jl011l.Jl1h y KO.I\ cc CBH!haMa 5o11CCHllM Oil rp011mtc i:taiy
!ICl<lt JICI<om1 pa36Hje 0 'leJJO IlOCJICllfbOj CBl!fbll 1<ojoj cc
TO !la.QHC. 42
4.
Ca pa36nja!heM cy11oea cycpel'i.cMo cc 11 y Apynrn 11p11-
lltt1<aMa, JlOCTa pa3110Bpcll11M. no11arn1<a 0 TOMC HMa MaJJO,
aJlll H OHO MaJIO llITO llX HMa epno cy J<apa1<TCPUCTH'llllt.
====== 262======
6e36poj je o6H'laja u Mal;11jc1rnx p:w1ba w ro cc apwe Ha
Dypl;es.ua11, oc:o6Jno y BC311 ca CTOl<0."1 II 0TflO'llllb3JbC~\
M)'}t{C Ii n pcpa.uc M.'ICKa. nacrnp11 KOJl Cp6a y XOMOlbCJ<OM
cpe3y (ucro•ma Cp6Hja) rora .na11a poeawe jarfba.!t. •Ll1T-
He KO.\\:WH!l.e Oll yw11jy , lbYWKC IUlll }lpyror llCJla TCJl a,
wro npu ponawelby oma.aajy, npm<y1m no TPH y nenoj
PYUH Ii Mel'ic HX y jenny 3CM1baHy naHHQy, ny11y MJlCKa, na
Kall cnpum pouaWClhC OJlJICCC Olly nam1uy c MJIC KOM It
c1ma ra ua .11pae11fba1<, y KOM cy npe1101'i11m1 co 11 jaje, a
11a1111uy pa3611je o npeo po.u110 n p eo, 11a 1<oje y noe-
paTKY 11a 111jc,t 0
Y npe.ueny Pac11ttH (Cp611 ja) o61!'·13i jc .ua 11oe ,\\ajcrop,
t<a,ua cc ycenn y ceojy pa.r:t1by (.nykatt), npuMa 1101mo11e
cpOtlHHJ<a, npnjaTCJba ll .upyroaa. AKO jc y MCCTY HJIM y
6mt31t111i Jberoe Kpwre1111 1<yM, 011 Tpc6a TOr .uaua na
r10pam1 pa110, .na 1<ym1 11oe Kp<iar (recruj y), Jl8 ra ttam1je
HOJlO.\t c pct<c 111111 lJCCMe 1<oja mmana tte npccywyJe, na .na
TOM BOJlO.\\ npe .QOJ1ac1<a M8jCTOpoea /IOJJ ll jC QCO Jlylia11 11 ,
naj:ian na TY pa36 nje Taj t<p•mr. npoc1ma1bc 11n 11 nonnea-
11.>e !lykatta Te1<yho.~1 BO!lOM 31134H .na nocao TC4e H Tpaj c
y11e1< 1<ao eo.ua."
Kana ce jc 11a 3eo1m1< Qp1<ee ce. Attacra311jc y CaMo6o-
py, t<O.U 3arpe6a, nocraeJh3JJa ja6y1<a 11 t<pcr (Tj. 1<3Jt jc
noe pme11 30011111<), nonco ce JlO ja6y1<e recap, 1<oj11 jc y
TO.\\C nocny 6110 rnamm paJlttllK lbeMy cy npym11m1
cra1<nctt1<y c 011uoM, ott jc 11p036op110 uapony 11e1<ommo
pe411, llC/1110 811110, a 11pa3uy CTa1<JIC1my 6aQJIO Jl3.JICl<O y
crpatty. n oroM jc c11wao.•S
Ko.u Cp6a y 6a11aTC1<oj 1<m1cyp11 (PyMy1111ja) o611<1aj je,
l<3Jl cc llOJlilrHC CJICMC Ha uono j 1<yh11, )la ce 11011HC 31!Jlap,
H33.UP8Bli BHllOM JI 6aQH Ha 3CMJbY •iawy .na cc pa36njc.
A1<0 ce c11y•mj110 •iawa He pa3611jc, <1yeaj y jc. Y LIPHBn ·y
Jl yroeeTy •1yea ce llawa 1<oja ce m1je pa:i611J1a np!IJJHHOM
o6ttae.n.a!b3 Qp1<ee llOL11<paj XIX ee1<a.
Y MCCTy 311ory (11CTO'ltta Cp611ja), 'l11j11 cy cra11oett11u11
" C. M. ,\buoOCU.'W bMh: Cpr>e><H ... po;tMM o6M ... j" M3 Cpcoo x - - ·
X1X, 6eor1'0Jll9l). S7.
"Cr. M. MMIOT<>11•k: 3aitan1•« ..¢tti yl'ac1LHH
.CE3, XLll, lleorpo.nl928, 267.
.. i-.' Sornobor. ZNZOJS , xvm. l'.osrcb 1913, B .
======26i======
Bnac11 11mt PyMy1111, ccoc1<a LIPHBa je 61111a nocedi.ctta
npeo611T110 CB . napac1<eB11 . H:irne.c.a .c.a je 1839. npco-
11pae.lb311a 1t OTa.na je nocBchc11a ce. Hm1j11. Ty npoMeuy
o6jawlbaeajy y MCCTY ua oeaj 11a<11111: up1<ea Tpe6a .na 6yL1c
nocoekena OllOMC CBCQY y 'lllje 3Jl:P8B.1bC cc UC no11y11a
CTaKJJO HOjc MajCTOp 6a1.111 ca roplba 11a:mpae.lb3jytl11. Cec-
Tall HO.\\C 11aMe11>e11H m1Tap ocra11e 'IHTae nocraje naTpou
upt<Be. 0
f OJlllHC 1753. o611na:i1m jc Q:ipywHoropc1<e Ma11acr11pc y
CpeMy e 111<apm1 emicHon n avre mije n aenom1tl. Ca'lyea11
je onw11pa11 113eelllTilj o roj 1t.eroBOj e11311nu11j11. Enu-
c1<011 je 1<pe11yo 17. jy11a 1753. y wecr 4acoea nOCJ1e no)l11e
on ca eem1HOM npaTJbOM na 113JlCT 113 Ma11acr11pa Bp.111111Ka Ha
~Tapo fpa,uumTc 11 1<y11y. Y lberoeoj npaTtbll cy 6tt1111:
JC,!1311 apx11MaH,!l,pllT-Hapc•1e1111 C/lllCl<Oll, BPllllll'IHll 11ry-
Ma11, 6ewenona'lKH 11ryMa11, 1<apJ10ea4Hll nporonon, Kap-
.r1oea'IH1l /IOWTap, BPAHll'll<ll KllC3 ca KMCTOBllMa, jepoM0-
11ac11, l)a1<01111 11 .11p. Ha ca.\\OM fpa.EIHlllTY cy ym1111a.r111 11
BC'lepaJlll , npllJIHl<OM UC'lepc C/lllCHOll jc llUmlO npfiy
'lawy mrna y cnaey 6omjy, CB. 6oropo,u111.1c 11 en. 1<11e3a
Jia33pa, na ,upyry 'lawy y 3Jlpaen.e 1.1apa ct>pa1bC I 11
Qap11Qc Map11je Tepe311je 11 <1awy je pa36no o 1<y11y.
Tpehy 'lawy jc 11amt0 33 3Jlpae.1bC <111rnoor tumpa 11
Hapo.na, na 11 lbY pa36110 o Kyny. 3arnM jc nom10 qawy y
3Jl:pae!he ceor, 1<ap11oea<11<or, apx11em1c1<011a 11 M11Tpono-
m1Ta, na je pa36uo o 1<yny. • 7 Ha1<0 je oeaj no11.aTa1< je11.111rn
Te epcre, llCMa cyMJhC }la cc pa;w o o6114aj y HOjll je
llCl<a.Ela 6110 no6po ll03UaT II \l MaO eeo.vta CBC'lall II y HCHY
py1<y pHTya.Jlau HapaKTep: 11111<0 Malbu uero je.11a11 e n11c1<011
pa3611ja '18lllY KOjO.Vl je !183JlpaBJbaO. H11 jc TO 611110 o6n4-
llO 11 u36e:iyMJbCHo nnjan'IClbC 11 pa3611 jan,e <1awa 11 6o1.1a y
nnjattcrey.
OnwTC jc nepoeafbe HOJl)Y>HllllX Cnoec11a y BCWTllUC II
.Qa cea1<a BCU/T11ua llM8 JI011au y HOM JlP>Hll MaCT HOjOM ce
Mame 1<3Jl Tpc6a .11a OJVICTll 11a cacra11aH ca Jlp yr11M eemTn-
ua,\\a. n o OllllITCM uapo.QHOM ecpoealby, BClllTIIUC cy caMO
°'3,
.. CnOMCmu,aTK"°"K<<TUpxKj•.Cp. Ka p.nORUH 1944 , !19
" .ll,. PyHpal" ()ulfC C Pll< ~M • d>r>y lU~on)pc ~MX IOO ~PO 17SJ. roJl, 19(13, 7 1-72.
======264=====;;;;;
crape )f(CllC y HOj11Ma je 11CH1t uapo411Tll 11yx 111111 cnna.
Mc~)'Tll.11, HMa jc,!lall IlOJ13TaK KOjll ynyhyjc ll3 U.\13 II
llPYK'mj 11 x BCpoBalha, a 11a ODOM MCCTy Taj
331UIM3 :J6or JIOHQ3. Y f OplbCM .llOll)' ( ttpcJlCO n oJbltUa,
Jla..nM3l(l!ja) 6Jrna je HCK3 n pnaj llll K3 33 1<0jy Cy CBlt )'
ceny ecpoaa.1n1 .o;a je senrr11ua. Kan jc jCJlHC ro.n.n11e rpa;x
nOTyHaO no.n.e, caer je nosnKaO 1ia 1by ;:ta je oua J<p11sa, na
cy nowmi /ta Tpame lhCH nouau,, a.rm 6e3 ycnexa. JlecH cc
na jc 11em1 MaJmwa11 nomao na 6epe wn,1mc 11 yrnenao
11011•mfi y upo::iop•rnky (• no1111crpm0t•). CncT cc c1;yn110,
.t1.011cm1 11011au tta rya110 u pa3611m1 ra, 11 t0TaAa ce ripna-
j 1111Ka uu jc e11 w c wirna no.n o6.rla1<c•. •1 n pe,\\a oao.\\e,
eeWT11tt1111a c11ara y H>e, 11>e110 .itpyro 611hc, 611110 je y ro.\\e
110111.ty 11, HaJl je 11011au pa3611jc11, 011a je npccraJia na 6y11e
BCWTUQ!l.
5.
Bi1110 jc 1101<ywaja .ua cc o6j ac1111 01111ca11a .nal)ujma
paJJ,1ba pa361tj a1bll CY!l.OBa. M ems jc 11031rnTO 11c1<0nm<0
TY~l3 4Clba, an11 cc CBa ona pa31Utl(y jy MCl)y co6o.11, UITO
31m41111a cc jom m1je .EIOlllJIO no upa»Or o6jaw11.c11.a. Hcmt
o.u .c,oca.uaw1b11x nm.:ywaja npc.ucraelbajy cacm1M 11a111ma
TyMa•ICH.a, a 1111 je.c,110 TyMa•IClbC 1111 jc npmrnaTJbUBO.
T aKO Hnp. n . CapTOpll CMarpa .na no.\ln.Clbe II pa3611ia·
tbC pa311oepcuux npe!lMCTa y cea.c,6emtM o6114aj11Ma KOJJ.
HeMaua cnana y rpyny o611'1 aja KOju cy y ncro npeMe u
o6114aj11111w o6cJ1cn<aeajy npo.11c11y 11 pacra11a1<.'~ n omro
cc pa3611 ja1bC cy.c,osa Kojc cc npum np11mmo.11 CB3JJ.6e 11c
pa3111rnyjc OA ouora 1<ojc cc apw u npummo.11 norpc6~ 11 y
llPYrllM 11p11mrna.11a, a H3pO'lltTO llC II 011 OHOra l<Oje cc
DPWll II y CBe\lallllM 11p11JmKaMa, Kao lllTO cy 00,!],113albC
llOBC r pal)cmmc, OTBapalbC llOIJC paJUbe 11, 1rnpo\IHTO,
CDC\1311 ca c T a II a I< (c11y'laj H3 <l> pyWl<C rope, 1753),
O\lltrJIC,!],110 jc .ua ce \ll!Tana Pa.rtlba !IC ,\IQ>f<C TyMa\lllTli 1<ao
••F. 1.. n~~PoliieLZN2:0JS.X.Zacr<bl9M,ll,.
.. P, Sanori : Sitt< und fl"'uc~. I. L<11>1i1 1910, 49.
=====;;;;;26s======
CHMfioJIHK3 p3CT3Hl<a. npo$. n11M. 3enefbllll CM3Tµ3 J:t3 je
pa:i611jait.e HOBOr nouua Ha MecTY 11a KO.II jc JlC>f<aO ,\ lpT·
IJ0,[(3TaH Hae Bau, WTO je y o611t1ajy l<O,!], Y1<pajmm11a, HCCyMJbllBO
c11M6on o611a1m.a11.a >f<HBOTa. 50 Pa3611jalbC cy.QOBa jc Ma·
l;11 jcira P3lllba Koja cc llC BPUIH CSMO KOA norpc6~ 11cro II y
pa3HHM ApyruM np11m11<aMa, na Jl T3KBHM KOJJ. !<OJllX no11a·
311 y o63Hp BCk CaM no cc6u 110\leTaK HOBOr >f<ltllOTa, Te
TaKBO 06ja11111>ClbC Hl!l{al<O llC npllCTaj e. n opcJJ. TOra, TC·
WKO je YOllWTC npernOCTaBllTll A3 y Mal}11 j11 pa36Llj31bC
MO>f<e 3H3'11tTtl o611aDJLalbC! n pocp. E. lll11caajc, o6jam·
1t>aaajyfi11 cpnc1mxpaaTC1<C caan6ene o611T.1aje, yepcmo je
pa36ujalbC rp11aua 11n11 cra1<a..1a y otty rp yn y paA1ba 1<oje
TpC6a .na o.naruajy 11c11p11jaTeJbC1<1t pacn0J1o>f<c11c .c,eM011e,
Tj . J:l3 TO pa3611ja1bC 11Ma llCTH CMllC30 1<30 II n yuan.c 113
nywa1<a, DHKa, pea1t.e, ca11p1<a 11 neo1a 11cnpcn 11eeecrm1e
o.naje." A pa3611 jaH>C cy,1J.oaa y nor pe61111M o611'1aj 11Ma
Ilh!CBajc je TYM3T.1110 11a CJtl!'l311 11a•m11: Aa cc TllM OJJ,arna
no1<ojmrnoea nywa 11 11 11 na joj ce cnpe'IH noapaTaK.u
Onac11ocr 011 .ucM01rn 111111 on no1<ojHH1<oae Aywe Tpaje
JJ,OCTa .o:yro 11 3aTO 11 pa,ll.lbe 1<oj11Ma je QllJb o.n611ja1be 11
Tcpainc JlCMO Ha It J:tyWa Tpajy JlY>f<C BpcMCHa UJlll cc llPlllC
yqecra110 11 ca aem11<0M c11aro.,1, 11np. cm1p1<a 11 necMa o
ceau.611 1<ojc Tpajy 11a11m.1a, y'ICCTatta nyu1naaa, AYrOTpai·
11a Jarnywna BHKa 11m1 nyna 11 en. Mel;)'TUM, K311 ce
pa:J611jajy, CYJJ.OBll II llC .c,ajy llCKU oco61rro c11ama11 3BYK
H , WTO je 11ajB3>f(llllje, Ta pantba Tpaje BC0,113 l<p3TKO
epcMc, Tpc1t)'T110, nowro cc pcTKO rne pa.36uja n11wc on
jC!lHOra cy.Qa. n peM3 TO.\\e, HU lli 11eeajCOBO o6jaWll.Clbe
ue MOJ.KC cc npl!Mlffll, Ma.zta OHO 113rnc11a 6o;i,e OA OCT3JlllX.
HHjena11 on Tux m1caua nujc 0011110 pat1y11a o 11apoAHHM
o6jawu.e1b11Ma TC pambe. Haponna o6jarnH>e1w 11c Mopajy
611T11 Ta411a, ca 11ay<mor r11en11wrn, rum cy oua y CB3KOM
cny'lajy 3al!llMJbllB3, It llC Tpc6a npCJla311Tll npcKO li>HX /IC
110KJl3lb3jyli.11 UM rt3>f<lby. Jcp, Ta o6jaUI!bCJba Mory llCKll
llYT na 6y.o:y 3a11cra rat111a 111111 .o:a y1<a3yjy 11a npam111a11
-·-.. D. Zcknin: Ruu.iscllc ( ..W.risclw:)
"Sch.........,;.., " ... ,K.'10,107
" H..,. --.IJO.
Vol~undt.. Lftp>:i1 1927, 124-JlS.
======266======
nyT 3a peUiett.>a , CTOUITO ce y THM Hapo;:i:HH;\I CXB!lT!lfbll M!l
'leCTo OJipW:aBajy seoMa crape MaljHjCl<C It !lllllMHCTlt<IHC
npe11.cTase. Ta1<0 je H i-:o.a o6jawlhCfha pa3611jalba cyJloBa
1<0.Q Jyanmx Cnosem1. To pa3fo1ja11>e cy,11osa ttJlC ofo14Ho
y3 npyre paA&e, Hao imp. y3 npomma1be s o11e (.na fo1
nopoljaj 1-lnH nocao TC!<aO Jl!l l<O H!lO WTO TC<Je BO,!l,a) ltJUl
3ammaH>e k'. JmHQa 11 en. A1w yaMe,110 y noc,1rnTpa11,c cat>!O
PaJlfhY p:i36ttja!ha cyAOBa 11 pacMOTPHMO uapo.aua o6jaw-
lhC!ha, BH!tCli.CMO .!ta cy Ta 06jaw1bCJba npHJUl'IHO pa3-
HODpcua. To je cacmrn np11pontta nojaaa, l<aJl: cc p.11e y
o6attp 1<a1<0 jc aemrna crapmia MHOrttx npe.ncrasa 11 o6tt-
q aja 11 1<a1<0 cy H o6H<iajll H npeJ:[craac, Malj11jc1<e n pe-
n11n1JCKe, IlOJ:lJIO»<llC Tip-OMCH!lM!l IJOA pa3Hll~\ yrttQ3Jlt-
Ma . .UoeOJbHO je C!lMO .na TIOACCTHM 11a y110ry xpnwhaH-
CTUa It LIPl<BC. 113 JlO.llCllYTC aa6pa11e KOjy je ll011CJl3 111111
o611os1111a cpnCKa up1rna y XIV uc1<y a11m1 ce na je
nOCTojao o611<iaj Jia ce pa3611ja <Jama 113 1wje je ~\Jia,!l,CHQH­
Ma nasa110 11a nuj y a11110 np111mKoM 06pc11a sett<ia11,a.
3a6pa!heH 11 H3llruau H3 up1<se, Taj o61t'·ta) 1111je, 1ma1<, uu
no JiaH2C HCHOPClbCH , a.rm ce, BHUJC llJUl Malbe H3MClbCH
spwu, HOll Kyhc, npc llllll IlOCJIC BCll42Jhll. y TOMe je If
o6jawH.eH>C 3awTo ce Taj o611<1aj ne spurn csyna y HCTOM
ne11y 111111 <1acy csaA6c.
H311ocelm uo.aance o TOMe y 1<ojHM npttnHKaMa H 1<aKo
ce KOll nae npum pa3fo1ja11,e cy11osa, ja caM 11aso.r1110 u
11apo,!l,11a o6jam11>etba re pa.uH>e, AO Hojux caM Morao na
,aoljeM. HeKa on THX o6jallIIbeH>a cy 3anCTa TaKBa .aa ce
Mopajy cxsaTHTl1 Kao ceKy11nap11c TBopesu11e, nnp. na cc
TO 4H1111 113 BCCCJba, na ce 4Hllll y 3HaH na je llCBCCTa 6nna
Ltesoj1<a u Cll. HCTo jc ro 11 ca wanaMa na pa<1y11 cseKpse
111111 HeBCCTe Koje cc ll3B01lC Ka.a cc pa3611jc cy.r:t c BOAOM.
Meljyr11M, 11apon11a o6jawH>cH>a Koja rosope o TOMC na ce
cy.r:tonu pa36ujajy na 6u cc THMe pa3611110 3JIO, .r:ta 6u cc
pa36rum 11ccpelia, .r:ta npecTaHe Jl2JbC yMupaH>e u Cll., 33-
CJJymyjy nyny namH>y, jcp Ta1rna o6jawH>eH>a 1111cy mu1e-
KO 011 HCTHHC. Kao WTO he cc s 1111eTH H3 naJber H3Jlara1b3,
y H>llMa ce .rtOCTa no6po 0<1yna.rio, 11aKO OKplbCHO, npao-
6uT110 cxearnH>e: 11a cc pa3611jaH>cM cy.Qa pa3611ja, y1111-
mrnsa, 11cnpujareJb.
======261======
Kon np11MHT11s11ux JbYAH, Ha H3nec110M crymhy pa3-
BllTKa, rn1<sa cxuaTa11,a 11 pa.rtH>e 3acHoua~1e 1rn fhttMa cy
cacsHM 0611<111c. Jbynn ncpyjy !(a caa1m <iose1< - na 11
m11s0Tmba, 611Jb1<a 11 cruap - HCKll y aehoj 11e1<H y MalbOj
MCpll, MO»<e .rta YTH<IC Ha 36J.rna1b3 OHO cc6e. Ou .\\Ollie na
yttu111111a 6yne noea y u3o611Jby, Mome na ytt11H11 Jta cc lhC-
roB uenpujaTeJL pa36om1 111111 yMpe, llTn., a Mome 11a ttCTH
11a<11tu H .r:ta cnpcttn cec 3JI011aMcp11e pa.nlhe ynyhcue npe-
Ma lberosoj llllttHOCTll 111111 HMOB!tllll. Ta1<aB llPllMHTHllaU
11 ua caa 3!51maH>a y JbYJlCKOM mttuOTy r11ena 11a 11apo<111T
11a•urn: 6onCCT H CMPT cy nOCJIC,!l,HQa ttmm, Malj11ja, WTO
11x 11a11oc11 ttcnplljaTeJb, a CK11ana1bC 6paKa, no,u;113a1be
HCKC rpaljen1111c 1111n 113soljc1be KaKsa .npyror noClla cy
np1111111<c 11 noc11oun Koju cc Mory pljauo Aa cnpwe, oneT
11ejcrum1 11cnpujaTcJbcKe ~1alj11jc1<e cunc II pa,!l,H>a. Pam1 '
o.u6pa11c, 011aj KO jc sch norolje11 mm .vi11cm1 ll.2 jc y
onac11ocT11, 6pa11u ce MaljujoM. Ta1<0 cc y m:KllM npI111111<a-
Ma MaljIJjrne anOTponejrne pa.r:tH>C jasfuajy Hao •mcre npe-
uc11T1rn11e Mcpc Hoje Tpc6a ucnpujareJba y11anpc,u; ,!l,a ymt-
WTC um1 .rta ra cnpc<1e y 1beroun~1 3JIHM 11aMepaMa, a y
HCKllM npn11111<aMa TC pa,!llbC 11,\\ajy K30 UHJh OCBCTY Ha.rt
OIUIM !<0 jc seh tta11eO 3.110. npeMa TOMC, Ql1JffJIC1lHO je
jacuo na MaljujcKa paJJ.iba pa3611ja1Da cyno1Ja l!Ma HCT11
CM11cao y cs11M npHmmaMa y 1<oj11Ma ce 011a ap w11, na Ma
1<a1<0 011c ll3r11enanc paa11opo)l11e: KOJl csa.tt6e, OTBapaJhll
11013or 11yha11a, 110,o.113a1ba 11ose 3aouape 11 en., Ta pamha
11Ma 1.111cro npenc11T11na11 1<apai<Tep, Tj. na yuanpen oueMo-
rytm 11cnp11jaTCJba, a HOJl 11orpc6a II HOit llC<!Clba 6011CCHH-
1<a, TO,\\ paafuO.\\ cc y11m11Tasa npoy3poKosa1.1 3Jla, Mana 11
OBJl.C Pa.rtH>a ,l\O>l<C .r:ta It.Ila II npei>CHTHBaH HapaHTCp, TJ. JI.a
cnpe1.111 na ce 11e .r:tecu jow HCKa cm1<ma uecpeka.
.Uo1< cc y pa3611ja1by cynona y 11am11M ttapommM o6tt1.1a-
j11Ma, 1<ao u y o6u•iaj11Ma K01l 1lPYrHX csponc1mx 11apo!(a,
caMo 11a311pe npasn H>Croa cMncao, jep ce pa.u1ba apw11 y
pa3HHM npHJJ11HaMa 11 ysc1< y se311 ca npyr11M, no omc11y
11pyK1.1ujuM, Malj11jc1<11M paJllbaMa, y crapoM Er11nTy 6u110
je jow y ny11oj CBC>I<llHH npao611Tl/O 3Hal.!Clbe OBC pa.u1be.
H3 Ao6a cpenH>era uapcrsa, lf3 Tp11ttaecre ,11;u11acruje
(1790-1700. npe 11. c.) 11ana3C cc 11a p61111aMa reHcrou11
======26s======
1<0jH ca;:ip>t<e pe<rn nmwrne 33 crapo uapcrno (npc 2270
npe name epe), a caMo one11yTc y npaBormc HJ uo6a
cpe.!Uhera uapcraa. Tc pforne cy, o•mrne;:i:tto, ACJIOBll OJ:l
nocyua 1<oje cy pa36ttjaHe np111mHo.11 113sol}e1ba 01wcl}e11or
Maij11jc1<0-pem1rno3HOr o6pena. Mal}11jc1<11 o6pe11 •JJ0,\1-
JbCfba LIPI<BCHHX rp11aua ~ c 11cnuca11m1 HMCHJl,\13
rJJI CMCHa It npHBaTmlX Jmua, 11errpH)3TCih3 ll3PCH11X, CllM-
6oJm30BaO je Mal}HjCKO ym1WTall3lhC CBHX THX l!Cllpttja-
TCJbC!Hl.X encMeuarn. s3 CJ\mcao Malj11jc1mr pa3611jalba cy-
.noea, npeMa TOMC, YBCK II cayua 6HO je jcnau H HCTH.
Car.IQ ,uo1< ce y crapoM EnmTy jow no6po 311ano pa;'.11t
'!Cra ce 0110 BpWH, na11ac, 'ICTIIpH XltJL3JJ.C romma ITOCJIC
paa6ujafha rpHa11a ca ttcrn1ca1111M HMCHHJ\\a 11enp11jaTCJba
erttnaTcHor l.lapa, 11 nocne jow sch.er 6poja x11Jhana ron11-
11a OTH!IJ<O je JbYAC l<Il POA yonuITe nO'-ICO Aa TO paAH, HH)e
HllWTa tteo611'-IHO llITO ce 3a6opas110 npastt cM11cao uenc
paAJhe. !lattac ce HOA Hae, 1<ao 11 KOA Apyr11x HapoAa,
pa3611jafbe CYAOBa BPWll He caMO Y3 CRaA6eHH ll Apyr11
pHTyan, H TO Y3 Mathe IUIH suwe O'-lyBaHy CBCCT Aa ie TO
~1alj11jc1<a pa,o;,lba, HCrO cc OHO BpWH II cacn11~1 ,11exaHH'-ll<H,
J<aO To6oH<!Ml H3pa3 BCCCJba. 0HH J<Oj11 pa3611jajy 6oue II
'-!awe J<a.D. cy noA yrm1ajeM mtha 11 He cnyTe, 11 Kall. cc
OTPC3He, J(a y TOM lbl!XOBY pa36ttja1by »<HBll Ta1<0 Aantta
crap1ma (H caMc m1ja11Mc cy y nan11111 m 6tt11e pttTyanHe
pa,a!he!). lfa1< 1111 ottaj cpncKH enttcMon 113 Cpe.11a 1<ojtt je
1753. 011aMO rnc•rn110 pa36ttjao '-lawe, nouno 6tt na3.Qpa-
Dtto uapy, ~111TPO!TOJlllTY H .Qp. , 1mje BHWe 6110 CBCCTatt
To r a .ua OH HIM '-IHllOM BpWH Malj11jcI<y paA!hy, lla y611ja
ucnpttjaTeJhe uapa 11 uap11ue, caora MHTponomJTa 11 cpn-
cI<or HapoAa 11 Kmtpa. l1 oso je jc.uatt np11Mep BMWC 1<aJ<o
ce CTBap11 Jt3 nemmc crap11He Mory ynopHo .ua o.up»<anajy
11 no.1:1 cacsuM 1t3.11elbCttttM .upywTDCH1tM tt 1-<y11Typ11ttM
npttnnI<aMa, yc11c11 <Jera ttM ce 113ry6ttJIO 11e caMo 3Ha'-lefbc
Hero yonwTc 11 cMncao lbllXOBa oncra1ma HJ! ll OAp>«asa-
Jha. C .Qpyr c crpa11e oneT, oso je np11Mcp Ka1<0 Mome .ua
6yr1e KOPHCHa capamha apxeonorttje H CTHOJIOrttjc: y OBOM
"K. S.tl><: Ach1ung f<indlkh<r FUrsie . - Ha oo~ 110 'IJIOHK)' fl_ A11:u•k•"' )
li<TOpK'fCCKO .. JKypw.,,y.Moc KB• 1~4S,S7
=====""269=====;;;;;
CJl)''-lajy o6jawlbC11a je nomytto jemia Malj11jc1<a pa,o;,!ha
I<Oll caspeMe1mx Hapo.ua Ha oc11om1 no.Qar.ma WTO cy 11x
i1a11a ncI<onasalba y crapo.l'I ErttnTy.
!la je oso o6jawlbclbe Malj11jcMor pa36ttjaH>a CYllOBa
1<ojc caM rtao Tal.JHO, ronopc nocpeAHO H HCI<e .upyre
l<HCJ.KCBa, '-lll/heHllUC Koje caM sch llOMCHyO, a 1<oje hy OBllC ca~IO .ua
UC1aJ<HeM, HaJlMC scposafba 0 TO.lie WTa he 6HTH af<O cc
6a'-1e11H cy.Q uc pa3611jc. AKO ce cy.i:t I<Ojtt ce 6aua HJ!ll
npesphe 11oroM c 11aMCpOM ;:ta ce pa36ttje, He pa36ttje,
aepyje ce i:ia 11ehe 611rn cpehc y 6pa1<y Mna.aettaua (Jlo-
6p11"l, Tommua, OKOJlHl!a JlecKOBUa) HJlli ll8 »<Clla HChe
POJlllTll (0Bl.JC llOJhe). 3Hal.Jtt: Bepyje ce )J.a P8lllb0.I\ pa3-
6ttjaiha cyAa HUje YHHWTeH HJlH He MO»<e !18 ce y1rnwrn:
Henp11jaTCJh, J10WT0 OH pacno11a>1<e DCliOM Malj11jcKOM Cll-
JIOM Hm1 cpencTB!tr.18 o.r:16pa11e. Ory.r:1a je jactto 38WTO ce
uacrojH Aa cc CYll pa36ttje y WTO nektt 6poj f<OMaD.a 11n11
WTO cc no 6pojy KOMaJia ~ram~: yKOJlliKO je ucnp11jaTeJb
6oJbC caTpBCH, YHHllITCH, )'TOJIHKO fie BHlllC 6HTll ycnexa H
cpeke.
6.
Ocrano je jow je.uHo rntTalbe, Ha Koje ce, 3a ca.ua, He
MOme ,ll8Tll i\Ottal.JaH O}].rOBOp. nttT3!bC je y OBO.l!C: 33lllTO
cc Y311Ma rpue J<aO npCACTasa HJlll OJllll.JClbe HCnpttjaTCJha
UJI H Mao lbCroB ACO I<OjH ra 3ati\ClhYic. He CMeTil HlllllTa
WTO cc llOHCfllC pa3611jajy cy.110011 OA TllKBC HJIH CTaKJJa.
CyLion11 OA cra1<JJa cy cacBHM HOila 3aMe11a 3eMJba1mx
cyAOBa, a cynom1 OA Tmme, 6yLiyh11 jcurn1111j11, crap11ja cy
H "lemlia 3aMCtta.
0'-lllrJJellHO jc jc.utto: rpue jc y HajTewlbOj BC31l ca
003113TllM JIJlll 11eno3HaTllM uenp11jaTeJbCM Kora Tpe6a
YllHWTHTll H OH he 611TJ1 ytt11wreu, pa361tje11, a1<0 cc
pa36llje rpttc KOje ra npc.r:1craalhll, 011a1<0 11CT0 Kao WTO
lie, y Jl.pyroj np111111111t, 11eJ<o crpa.uan1 aI<o 1hCroa11 OTnatlll
(1wca, HOKTtl Ii CJI.) llOCnejy y Tyl)e pyKe II 6yLiy YHllWTC-
HH, 111111 MY CCHKa 6y.uc y31tJiatta, cmrna cnaJhctta, HTJI.
Htt rpal)a tt3 Haurnx caapeMCHHX 113aopa 11HT1t rpal)a 113
crapm1e HC .Qajy HaM MOryhttOCTll 33 KOHal.JaH OAroBop
======210 =====;;;;;
Crnra hy cc orpaHll4HTH Ha HCHC npcr-
CTOCTaBl<C.
HMa nocy.ua, Kao WTO cy pa31m kynOBll II BP'{CBll, I<Ojll
csojm1 o6mu<OM yHe1<0J1H1<0 no.Qcchajy Ha •1ose•mje Teno.
H npaee auTponoMopclme nocy.o,e cy spJ!O 4CCTC ll JJ,attac
I<O.Q 11e1<11x 11apona, a forno 11x je 11 y .uae11oj crapllttM. lhrn
11x 11 l<OJl Cp6a. Morno fo1 ce npernOCTaeHTll .ua cy
rrpeofolTHO ll yncrrpe6Jhl1B3 HC rJIHHCHC craryeTC II attTpO-
CTOMOpitme nocyJJ,e 1<oje cy CHM6oJm'lKll npc.ucraeJbane
ttenp11jaTeJba Kora je Tpe6ano y1111wmrn a 1<0ju Httje 6tto
.uocrtti+<att .tr.a ce ymtwTtt ttm1 011eMoryl'i.11 0611•11mM opym-
jcM mm ,npyrn.M cpe.ucTBHMa, na je ymnmaaatt tta Ma~11j­
c1m 11a•m11, TaKO .[la je YHHWTana11 theroe mm: HJJH npci:t-
MeT KOjll ra je CHM6oJJll'Um npe.ucras1hao.
Ta npernocrae1<a AHi H3rJlCJla seoMa octtosatta. Y np11-
11or lhCHe onpaeJ:taHOCTH rosoptt 11 jeJ:taH oco6ttT no.uaTaK
ca 11awcr nrn. Ha11Me, y ceny Bp6oRtt, y Cnaaomiju, 1<0
meJJH 11.a JJ.03Ha 1<oja je TO IB:e11a y ceJJy newTHQa i<oja
OJJ.Y3HMa 1<paBH MJ1e1<0, Tpe6a 11.a Y3Me 3peny Tltl<By, H TO
<rnrany (1111rn pc3a11y, HHTJ.l JJ.y6n.e11y), na 11.a y lhY :m611je
1<m1Halla If .ua jc o6ectt y JJ.ttM, JI.a ce cyum. Ka11.a ce Ta1<0
ypar1,11, OHJJ.a he ce y 011oj lf(CH!f (1<oja jc acwrnlla) 3aycra-
BllTI! DOJ!a, na he o na 6ttTH np11CllJbe11a JJ.a ,\\OJIH 3a onpo-
lUTefhC ll na 1<pa1m apaTtt Mne1<0.J• JeJJ.Ha o61!'ma ruKBa
cy11.Jt>a•ia, .ua1me, aaMeJt>e11a je JJ.a 3aMc1111 JhyJtc1.;o 6tthe tt
JJ.a ce o6H'IHHM JJ.CjCTBOM Ha lbOj ll3DPlllll Mal)ujcf<O ,!lej-
CTBO ua mm1oj m1<mocn1. Craptt Ernnha1m cy jow HCnH-
cusa..rm HMC mma KOje Tpc6a ,!la cc YHHWTJ.l. Ko.u Hae ce TO
1111je pa.uirno, jep je H nHCMCllOCT 6HJrn CJ1a60 pa3Bttjeua, a
uek. II npuo6HTHH CMHCao llCJie pa.UlhC HCrJJ.e caCBllM a
uer.uc rOToao cacntt.'I 3a6opasJbe11.
Bpno je 311a'-!aj 11a '-lmbc111111a 11.a cc y m1.uoesponc1mM
jC3l!L\HMa nopc11. 11a31rna 3a nocy.uc '-ICCTO jasJbajy H3pa31t
3a trnasy • n •no6a1by,, 1<0jH cy o.u HCTHX 1<0peHa 1rno 11
11a31m11 3a nocync (unp. 11eMa4KO Kopf = rnaoa 11acrano
jc OJJ. nanrnrnor cuppa = nexap). Pa3Jlor TOj nojas1t je
1rnjnpe y <1H1be11m1H JJ.a jc rnasa CJ1H<1Ha rp11cTy. llho cy
" M. Kutj akovi~: Vjdtke. (Vrbo•·• u Slavoniji). ZNZOJS, l, 7..ogreb 1896, HS.
======rn ======
ce Ta JJ.Ba nojMa, Tj. rnaoa H rpne, TOJllil<O 11p116;mmHna,
MOrJIO je YTHUaTM H TO .!l,a je H KOJJ. HH.UOCBponCKIIX HapoJJ.a
no6alh3. y6HjCHOr 11enp11jaTe.lba cny>1<HJia Kao nexap.H Ha
OCHOBH csera ll3JlO>l<CHOr, H.Qejua BC3a 113.lleljy nojMOBa
•rp11c • MJIH •CY.!l. - tt trnaaa ' yonune jc seo~1a 6n11cf<a H
Malj11jc1<a 3aMena Tyl)e rnane rp11eTo.11 cacsmt pa3yMibttsa.
J.h1a jow jeJJ,11a MorytrnocT Ha KOjy yIJykyjc 11 je11.110
11awe HapoJJ.HO seposa1be, na hy llOMCHYTH H lhy. Bp;IO jc
pa11111peHO Beposa!he, '-!HjHx eneMe11ara 11 Tparona JJ,\la 11
KOJJ. Hae, .!l,a nojeJJ.HHa HCTai<HyTa JIHL1a, Kao imp. J<paJbes11,
jyHaUH, spa'-!eBH HTJJ.. , pacnona>1<y HCKOM uapo'-lllT0,11 Cll-
JIOM KOja HM cc HaJia3H y jCJJ.HOM llCJIY Tena (imp. y KOCH)
UJIH y HCl<OM npe,!lMeTy (y lllTaIJy, y Kami). JlosOJhllO je
11.0MOhH ce caMO TC crsapu, na je TO 11eo6H<mo m1ue HJl tt
MpTBO rum JJHWeHo CBOjHx Hapo'-!11n1x cnoco6Hocr11. On-
WTe je seposaJt>e KO.!l. Cp6a 11 Xpsarn JJ.a cy sewTHUC
lf(l!BC meHe KOjc H3rJICJJ.ajy H paJJ.C Kao o6H'-IHC >l<CHC, ami
K~lll nona3e na csoje cacraHKe 11 nocJJosc, OHJJ.a HM je
11eonXO.!l,llO je.!l,HO rp ne (JJOH'-!Hh) y KOMC JIM jc lhHXOB!I
c11ara, HJIH MaCT KOjo.11 ce Ma>1<y .!l,a 6tt MOrne JICTCTH. Y
ueli. tlaBCJJ.CHOM nptt~1cpy 1!3 IlOJbHL1a, y JlaJJMaL1HiH, ce-
Jba1v1 KOjll cy cyM11>anH Ha HCKY >1<etty JJ,a je sewnnta
TpamHJm cy 11>eH nottau. Ka.!l. cy ra, To6oJ-Ke, naUIJI H,
pa36HJIH cy ra, H oTa.ua Ta me11a nttje auwe 611na BCW-
TllL1a.s6 MomJJ.a cy II OBaKBC HJJ.C je 6HJ1C y OCHOBll l lJlll
cy JlO npttHcne nocranf<y pa11!-he Malj11jcKor pa3611ja!ha
cynosa.
" 0. Srw<i<r: R.,ll<xikcm d<r in<logemunisch<n Alt.numUundc, 12. Berlin und
L<ipligl917-J92l,lSS-lS6, o.v. G<fa•><
.. F.h.. nitevi<',HO OOl<.M<CTY

I1PA3HHK TPEIIIAihA
CTpa3mm uaeTaJ·ba Tpewafha, onwTH uapomm npa3H111<
y Ja11a11y, no6po je no311aT 11 )],aJ1e1<0 H3BaH Janatta I<ao
je1111a on 1rnpa1<TepHCT1H<a )ana11c1<or 11apom1or aornorn.
.Uo1< cc y Jamrny npoCJJaBJba UBCTalbe Tpewa1ba Kao nO'-ic-
TaK nponeha 11 noH je Taj npa3HHK Ta1<0 110311aT 11 na11
J ana11 a, 0 H3WCM npa3HMKY 3PCJIHX Tpeilla!ba llC ca~\O )13
ce HC 3Ha y CBCTY 11ero cc HC 3Ha Hll l<Oll Hae 1138311 OHHX
MCCTa y KOjHMa cc Taj npa3Hlll< OJ:lpHrnsa.
Ilpa3HHI< Tpewaiba o.Qpmasa ce l<Oll 11ac ua npmm<mo
npocrpa11oj TepHTOpHj H: on pei-:e Case 11a Cesepy rra no
Tio•rnrelba H l.fa11Jb1111e 11a jyry, O.!\ .a:o1m11e Cane ua
aanauy nano y .nomJHy EocHC Ha HCTOHy, HOJIHl<O MH je Ja
ca,o:a noa11aTo, a llCJUTO CJJ!f<rnO 11 ~1a H y Ma1<e.r:to11Hj11, y
OHOJI HHH CKOilJba.
Taj npaa11H1< je 11enoa11aT y 11awoj 11ayw1 o uapo.ny. To
je csa1<a1<0 OTyLta mTo jc Taj npaa11111< yrnas110M y o6w-iajy
y o6nacrn, HCTl!J{a spno npocrpa11oj, y 1<ojoj jc 61-mo Mano
CTHOJIOWIHIX 11poyitasa1bll. Jlpyrn Y3POK 61lfie y TOMe WTO
11pa:m1rn ljttje Be3aH HllTH 3a 0,':lpel)eH JJ:aT yM IHITH 3a
1<a1<as npa3mrn ll3 xpttwk.a11c1<or mm llCJ1aMc1<or 1<ane11-
Jlapa: npa3HHK HCMa HHKaKBe BC3C Hll ca KOjO,\I LIPKB0.11.
To je '-lHCTll HapOJ:tHH npa3HllK y KOM cc '-l3K HC 11a3upy
HHKaKllH eneMeHTH 11tt crape 11apo,':111e peJrnruje. To jc
yje]lHO npa31lllK J<Ojll .UPll<C npuna,':IHHQll pa3HHX Hapo11-
HOCTll H 1<011¢iecttja y EoCHll n Xep1.1cromum, .11a.na ra je y
npownOCTH csa1<a rpyna 11pocnaslha,1a ca ~ta 3a ce6c. Jla-
11ac sek. y TaKBllM npocnanaMa yqecreyjy npeJ:tcrammul!
pa31111x rp yna. lllTo je aaj3aHllMJb11s11je, o6w1aj npocnas-
Jba1w 3pC!lllX Tpewalba llOK33YJC BC!llll<Y )f(HBOTHY CHary
======m======
Ii Mok. npttJJarol)aBafba HOBHM llPHJJllKaMa, Tal<O }:la OH Ii
no TOMC npe.ncrasJba oco611T 1111repcc 3a CTHOJJora.
n pa3111rn Tpetualba je no1<pern11 11pa3mrn, jep jc :u
11.>Croso o.npmasafbe n0Tpe6110 Jlll HMa 3penHx Tpcwan,a, a
TpeunbC 11e .Q03pesajy csa1<e ro.nm1e y HCTe }latte. Ami,
11nje 6aw 11eonxo.0:110 l:la 6y.ne Tpewa1ba: a1<0 HC poJ:te,
no11erne fie cc, 1ma1<, o.a:pmani cacra11a1<, jep je rnasHo
nposo.a: o.1rnamme. Hmm cc npa.111ttx He o6arm.a y OJJ:pe!Je-
Hfl 1<arrett]lapc1<11 .a:a11, 011 cc csyr.ne o6asJJ,a y OJJ:pel)eim
cc.rtMH<illH JJ:a u. Pa11ttje je TO fornarro, 113rne,':la, caMo neT-
1<0.11, jep ce o611<1aj o6asJha nornasuTo y Mycm maHCKHM
CCJJIIMa, na )e T3KO y HCKIIM MCCTUMa II ca,ua, amt ce
no1<a3yje TCmlba 11a ce npe11ccc Ha HCJJ.CJby, 1<oja je ca,ua
onWTH Jl311 CC!lMII<IHOr OrtMopa.
npeMa 06asewTe1b11Ma 1<oja caM JJ.O cana np1mymw, 1
II3J'JIC!la 11a cc npa3HllI< Tpewa11>a o.npn<asa 11 npocnas.lhll
11ajcse<iam1je y BpaHJW KY KO.rt 3emn~e 11 lta TY 6y.rte TaJW
najsek.n c1<yn . HttcaM MOrao .na npHcycrsyjeM TOMe c1<yny,
na caM ynyrno csojy y<1c11111.1y M llpocnasy Mertos11k., Koja
je forn a Jby6a311a na nocMaTparra TO npa311osa1be y BpaH-
lIYKY 1958. 11 onttcana ra.
BpaHrtYK je ,':13HaC BCk.e MYCJIHMaHCKO CCJJO (1953. ro.n.
772 cra11osmrna) y I<Jmcyptt pe1<e EoCHe 1111me 3em11.1e;
11e1<a,ua je TO 6tto CJtana11 rpa;:i, 1<0j11 jc 6pa11tto npona3
.non11110~1 Eoc11e y cp1.1e cpe.rtlbC Eoctte.
061t'taj je 6tto y BpaHrtYKY on craputtc ,':la je.n11or JtCTKa
y nponek.e, y speMe 3pem1x Tpewalba, 6yJJ.e r p a H a,
1<a1<0 cc y TOM CCJIY 30BC npa3HIII< TpCllla!b3. Tor .ua11a
ll0Jl33HJJH cy y CCJIO M!IOfM rOCTM ll3 OKOJIHHX MCCTa,
CTap11jM ll MJJal)11. Crnp11j ll ll3 ol\CCTa ll ca CTpa11e OW133HJlll
cy y l,la,\IHjy Ha nortHeBHY MOJJHTBy, I<30 WTO 6u P3llHJlll ll
CB3KHM .npyrn.¥1 OCTKOM.
n ocne ocno6ol)e11>a, OTI<a1<0 11 Mttorn Bpa11.rty'-laH11 pane
y mene:upn y 3e11m111, rpaHa ce ortpmasa HC.!IeJbOM. Ha
HC1<0JJ111<0 na11a panuje BpaHrty'-laHH no311sajy csoje pol)a-
I<C ll 11p11jaTeJhC 113 OKOJJHHX CCJJa ll 3CHHQC H3 rpany.
Y 041l Tor .naHa sptue cc np nnpeMe no 1<yfiaMa 3a no<ieK
'00JJ,aUH3aOO'IOjnpH/IOrnpHMfn ..... HHCfff'OMfl9S7-!960
======21•======
no3aatt11x roc:mjy, J<oje TpC6a no'lacn!TH. ,ll0J1a3a1< no•m-
tbe paHO 1rnjyrpa. CTapuj 11 1wj11 JJ;oljy 113 .!lPYrHX MeCTa
1111y y noceTe H 11a pa3ronop no 1<yhaMa, a MJJa,!l,e>H ce
np 11 npeMa 3a nono.n 11eBHO BCCCJb C. npaao BCCCJbC DO'llllbC
nocne prrna. CnpnjH CCJJ.C Hcnpe,111<yka If pa3roaapajy o
cea1nmawt1>HM nocnOBHMa 11 ttaraljaj y KO he ce c HllM
O>KCHlml. 011UlaJ).llH3 ce CKyn.n.a y DO.ltHO>t<jy 6pJ].a r.ue cy
eeh CT1-irm1 CBHP3411. CeM CBHpa'la TY cy II npoJJ,3BllH
DOCJ13CTHQ3 H3 rpaaa. Ty OMJ13,!1HHa - MOMQH H J].CBOjKe
- 11rpa Kono. Kan ce 3aMope 11rpcu1 u necMoM, noje;nrne
rpym1ue ce o;:i:eajajy na y xna.!ly nope.Q pcHe ce,!l,e 11
pa3ronapajy. To je 11p1u11ma 33. yno3uaea1bC Mna11.ttha 11
.neeoja1rn, 3a Jby6ae11e pa3roeope 01111x 1<oj11 ce eek no311a-
jy 11 Ja yroeapalbC 6paKa.
Pa1111je cy noceTu oun qawkaeam1 TpellllhaMa, a ca,!la ce
y Bpa1U1,y1<y TOra ,1ta11a npoJJ:aj y TPCWH>C, na je rpaHa
nOCTaJJa 3a cupoMaume BpaHJty•rnHe npumrna Ila llo6po
}'llOB'IC ceoje TJ>CWlbC.
npea BC'IC CC npHpe~yje TpKa MJ1a1l11ha }' BpehaMa.
no6eaHIIK 1lOfo1ja KaO Harpall}' KOlll}'Jby H nCllJJ<Hp, a
aceojKe ra qawhaeajy TPCWl-baMa.
.Ua 611 npl!B}'KJIH WTO BHWC noceTunaua, nOCJIC!ll-bHX
r'OllHHa BpaH.!l}''laHH nnaKaTHMa no 3emm11 ornawasajy
Kll.ll he form rpa11a ll no31majy 3eHu'laHe, na KO.ll l-bHX Ha
rpau y !lOJJaJe 11 OHH 1<0j11 11e,\\ajy 110311a1111KC y BpaHJtyKy.
ll,01133C II HCM}'C11t1Ma1111 .
H a rpa11y y BpaHllYKY ito11a3c nc caMo rocT11 113 3cH11ue
11cro 11 Oil )f{entJa, na 'laK H oa Marnaja, Malla ce 11 01<0
TllX Mecra epwtt o611tJaj.
CeM y BpaHlt}'Ky, rpaHa ce OJJ,pm:aea jow y OBHMMCCTH-
Ma y OKOJ!lllllt 3euuue: KonpHBHll, rnll.llOBllhHMa, Opaxo-
BllUll, llorn1Ut11Ma (jow }'BCK lleTHO!•I), Crnp11H11, roplbOj
3cnmm, .Uo6p11.1beey, a eepoearno u 11pyrne, an11 y THM
MCCTHMa CKpo.'l'IHHjC. 11 y llCKHM ce1111Ma OKO )f{enqa o6u-
qaj cc 30ee rpaHa.
Yrnae110M HCTH je 11aq1111 npOCJiaeJhBlba 11 11pyr.ne r11e
o611qaj IIOCTOjH, aJJH HMa H 110KaJJHllX oco6eHOCTH. y
npeoM pe11y y norne!ly 1tMe11a.
MycimMa1111 OKO )f{en'la (ce110 Jloemnta) IUl.Y Ha T e -
======21s======
cl>epH'I KaJt npucnejy awna,11e, epcra Tpewa1t,a. Ouc
npncnceajy npee 11 cnalje cy uero TpeW1bC Koje np11cncea-
jy J:tOtt111tje.
Y Marnajy J1 OKOJJHHll :majy ita ce o6n•mj o)J, :>Kcn'la
}'3B011HO }'3 Iiocny 30BC rpana, aim ce l<O.ll 1b11x 30ee
a ill 11 a M a p ll u e 0611•1aj IIOCTOjll 11113BOJ1110 0.Q Ma-
rnaja caMo jow .o:o Pequue (8 km), a eek. ra 11c.'11a y
Weeapm1jaMa.
AUJJJaMapm.tc 6y11y, y 01<011111111 Marnaja, ua emue Me-
cra, an11 jc 11ajeeh11 CKYll y lipa11Hh11Ma 11 y CTpauwhy.
MaKap ll He 6HJIO TPCU13lba, c1<yn he cc 011pm:an1 y TO
upcMC. llo11a3e 11 Mna~u 11 crap11jH, arm 11ajm1wc OMJ1ann-
11a, jcp jc 11a c1<yny rnau110 •aWHKOua1bC •. 01111 ca crpa11e
1<0j11 l!Majy y MCCTY cpo.nunKa 0J],J133C HM y Kyhe, a OCTaJlll
CC llCKynn,aj y Ha 1111Bll/UI. npujaTCJb np11jatt;hy ll3jC tpC-
W3Jb3, a OCTa.'111 llX Kynyjy. Jl.aH OMJ1art1111a npoBCllC y
11rpa1by, neeal-by ll amuKosa1by. 11 y T0.'1 1<pajy, rile cy
awnaMap nue IICTKO.\t, y JJ311mj11 6y.nc Kao o611<1110 uyMa.
Y3rpe11 .'1.3 uano.11e11cM .na cc Mycn11MaH11 y OKOmum Ma-
rnaja llC IIClbY Ha TPCW!bClla CT36Jrn Ha .uau CB. BapTOJlOMC-
ja ( 11. jyua no crapoM KaJICll.113PY).
3an:mno Oil Tpaem!Ka cy cena f pa,n1111a 11 B11axoe1dm .
Y fpa11Jmy 1my H a r pa H y caMo Mycn11Ma1111, a y
B11axou11h11Ma 6y.o;e MCWOBllT CK}'II x a Ill 11 a Ma p II u e.
06aan.a ce 11e.neJbO.'ll. npujaTCJb n.ne 11 6epe TpeW1bC KOil
npnjaTCJba. 11 no .npyrHM MeCT11Ma 6y.ne rpaua.
11 y 01<omm11 Syroj11a 11 Jajua o611<1aj je na y cena y
KOj11Ma H~ta Tpcwalba llJ.tY y epe~1e lbnxooa ll03penatba
Jb}'llll li3 C}'CCJlllHX MCCTQ II 6y.nc Kao ITC¢iep11<1 •. HajB11-
we je TOra 1<0.11 Myc1111Ma11a, an11 nMa 11 KO.II xp11wha11a.
n ornae11ro 1111e 0M11:mn11a, paJtH 33jeJtHH<1Kor npoao.na.
Ha Cen111:Uhy KO.It ja jua y je.n11or 110Mah1111a 6y.ne ro,'11
np11JJHKOM H no 20-30 rocmjy 11a Y*HHH. Mewn.1111 " y
THM Kpajee11Ma y11anpe11 noo11eajy npnjaTCJM: 11 no311att
na HM 11oijy y TpeW1be. HcMa uapo<1HTor 11a311ea 33 Taj
npa:iUHK 11cro ce ronop11 je;'.l11ocrae110: •xajMo y awnaMe •,
l;'.lOWO MH y aw11aMC •. y OKOJlllHll Syroj11a 6ep6a eofia
yonwtt 30Be cc •rpaua •.
AwnaMCHa KJJH TPCW!bCBCKa H CJJ:e Jba
====== 21•======
jc JJ.o6po no311aTa y npe11eJJy CaHH (CaHc1m Mocr 11
01<omrna). rna011a ,,1ecTa r.ue »Ma Tpewafba 11 r.!le 6110ajy
Tit Cl\ynomt cy CTapH Maj)latt 11 Xa;mnoattha IipJJ.O (y
ceny U eeapy). OrnaKO ce nai\1T11, y TOM Kpajy cc 06114aj
apwtt HC.UCJbOM. Ha Xa1mnomdrn Ep.uy je TO 06ttl{aH CHyn
Ha 1<0j11 JJ.Olla3e npeTem110 J\1ycm1Ma1111, 3.JUf 11 o6oj11 xpmu-
kami. HeMa JJ,a cc miwy 11 pa3aw11Jby ornactt, am1 TO kc cc
eel; npol!yrn y 1<0jll he .na11 61.JTH. Ko OJ:l nocernm11.1a 1rna
po.Qa y ceny, 11hu he 1t>ttMa 11a py'laK, na he nonecr11 ca
co6oM 11 caoje npttjaTCJhC 11 11any1111T11 1<yli.y . .U0Mali1111
npHJ\\a 6e3 npttroaopa. C0a1n1 .QO,\\alrntt y ceJJy np1mpcMtt
cc eek y11anpc.1:1 Ja TO. rocr11 hero y30 parnrn JJ.OMalnrn11-
Ma npMJHlKOM HCl<Or 36opa y CBOM ceny. 3a OHC KOjl!
HCMajy KOMC llJlll tt ek.e na 1111.y IiOCTapaJrn cy cc OHlf 1<0jtt
llOHOCC ry 11a npo.o:ajy xne6a, Meca, m1ha. Ha Xanttnos11ka
Bp.lly 36op ce .llPIBll 6ttno J{a ttMa IIJ!ll HeMa Tpclllalha. A1<0
11x tt ~1a, nocne py•ma ce IIJ{C •Ha .Qpsekc ' . Mnal)tt 6cpy 11
jc.Qy TPCllllhC, a IIOHCl<O IIOHCCC H 1<ykll.
Y CTapoM MajJ{aHy cy yttcre 3HaTHC 113Me11c, 11 c
alllJlaMCl<O.'I HC.QCJhOM ce 061I'IHO BCIBC II HCl<a .llpyra CBC-
'laHOCT, 1<ao HIIp. HHayrypa1{11ja HCl<Or HODOr 06jc1<Ta, llJll1
ce I1pa3Hl1K Tpewalba IIpc11ccc, DCIBC 3a HCl<Y HaQllOHaJJHY
cBe'lattocr. Etto caM y CrapoM Majmrny I l. jytta 1960. 11
sek THX .QaHa je 611no OJlJIY'ICllO .Qa UllIJIUMCl<a HC.llC.lhll
6y.Qe 26. jyHa 1960. Opra11n::iarnp11, yrnaa110M aHT11BnCT11,
o6jaBJhyjy TO y MCCTy n OHOJIUHH IIJ1a1<aTHMa.
flojc.Q11tta ccna y OHOJJllHH Bp'l1<0r y ceaepo11CTO'IHOj
Eoctt11 (Kopaj, BpaIB11ktt, Warnpom1k11, flanatt1<a 11 .Qp.)
O.QpIBasajy T p c w lb a pc Bo caa1<0 3a ce6c, aim caa1<0
y .Qpyrn ncTa1<. To jc cac'!a11 c1<yn 11a 1mj11 i:1ona3e crap11j11
11 Mnal)H 113 cyccJ{HHX cena. McunaHH 110311najy 11 II03Ha-
H111<c H3 rpa.Qa. Ko 1mj e 11c1w.\\c 1101133110 .llYIBC apeMe11a y
rocrc, .1.1ok11 kc TOM I1pH11111<0.I\. rOCTll 6cpy TpCWlbC, a
.llOMak1tHl1 H3 cena 113110CC llX y CCtJCTHMa II •iawkaaajy.
focrH 113 .llpyrttx MCCTa HOCC TpCllllbC ll 1<ykaMa. To.,1
np11n111<0M ce Haja11wc 3arJ1c.Qajy MO.\\Qll 11 JlCBoj1<e, na cc
llCCll .na ce HCJ<a .QCBOj!{a t yKpa.QC . (nol)c c MOMl<OM) e~h
ca TpCWlbapcsa, a llCTO T3!{0 JW cc ltC!{a Ta.Qa IIpCTCHY/C
penonHttM nyreM . .Ucwaaa ce )la 6yne u TY'IC 36or neaoja-
====== m======
K3. CcJio Ep!{a KOll Ep'llWr HM3 Hapo'IHTY CBC43HOCT:
6ocr3tt•1ceo, jc.a:ttor neT1<3 y speMc LI03pesalb3 6ocratta
(.umba 11 Jiy6e ttttQa). (CaonrnTelbC ABLIC XyM'l3HHH3, npo-
Q:>ccopa, pOJlOM tt3 6p'l!{Or.)
06tt'!aj nocrnj11 11 y O!{OJJliHH Capajeea, an1t Httje Ta!{o
H3pa3IJT. Y ccny Mo!{pOM, !{3.Q l(03peeajy Tpcrn!hc, OMJ1a-
i:111tta (cpnc!{a, npaaocJiaatta) ttne y •Tpernlhc • y cyccll-
CTBO, na H y 11.pyra ccna: TPCllllbe je CJ1o60L1HO 6parn
(ocraJJO eokc m1je). y CCJIHMa IIOLI TpeCl<3BliQOM (TOWH-
k11 H Lip.), 1<311. np11cIIcjy TPCllllbC, HC}lCJbOM IIJIH llPYrHM
.ll3110M !{3.lla cc HC pa.a11, II.IIC OMJl3}lHH3 y rpynaMa It 6epe
TPCWlbC: cno6o.atto HX jc 6paTl1 CB3!{0MC H H0CHTl1.
Y npcncn y Jlenctt11t111 (cpCJllb3 Eoctt3) yrn3s110M je
cno6o}l110 6pan1 Tpew!he, oco6ttTO a1<0 cy 11.a.Jbe o.a: 1<yka,
[(01< cc Tyl)e ja6y1<e, !{PYWKC Ii .a;pyro eoke HC CMcjy
6parn. Etto jc o611'13j y ccn11Ma flno'IH H Dy1<11ka EpL1y,
.ll3 ce po.u6mrn H npHj3TCJhH no31m3jy •Y TPCllllbe •, TI3 cc
Tor natta roCT11 '!acre y 1<yhaMa, a nocne ttanoJhy 11rpa H
nesa. y CBC'laHO 6pa1be TpeW31b3, •y TpCllllbC •, HWJIO cc
oco6wro r.uc jc 611no TpClll!heBHX cra6ana y cepBHT}'THl1M
wy,11ar.1a, a;m cc HllJJIO Ii y 6palbC TpClllalb3 y npHBaTIIOM
noceny. Ta!{o, 6ttJIO je Tpewa!ha y A33noattkttMa (xpttw-
li3HCl<O ccno) 11 y TynttQM (MyCJIHMattC!{O ceno), na je y Ta
MCCTa, J<Oja cy jCAHO llO Apyror, .o:ona31rna OMJ13.0:HHa H H3
cyce.wmx ccna, H TO y HC!{H .naH !{3J:\ cc He paJlH. 6pan1t 6H
TpellllbC 11 nposo.0:1rntt ce. Y je;:i:uy t6aUJTY ' (soklba!{)
K3nrna y A3anos111iHM3 .o:owno 6u IIO 60- 70 n111.1a. bHJIO
jc MHOrO Tpewa1ba Ii IIO MCl)aMa. flowTo je Q,'IJlaJ{HHa TOM
npHJl!t!{O.\\ npaBttJia WTCTC no lbl1Ba,11a, no it(l1THM3, JbY.0:11
cy, npeJ]. IIOCJICA!bll paT, HCCKJl11 Ta TPCWlhCBa cra6JJ3.
Ta1<0 ce, y THM MeCTttMa, Jl0Jla3HJIO 11 y 6pa!be Cl1THl1X
p3HHX WJhHB3 y aerycry, na H .O:YllOBa. MHo ro Tpewalha
je 6Jrno no wyM1t Ha 11eaoj CTpaH11 JicneHHQe ll3Mel)y cen3
JbeTOBU!{a H Ep!b3Ka . .Uo1< HliCY y IIOCJle)llbCM paw TC
TPCllllbC IICC'ICUe, 0~1J1a.mma H3 OJ<OJIHHX CCJla HCKynJbaJla
ce y Ao6a 3PCJIHX Tpewa11>a H llWJ!a HCJlCJhQ.~I }:\a 6cpe
TPCWlbC H na cc npoBO.llll.
Haj33ll,'IYBCU3je Tpew1besa 11eJ{jeJha(pa-
tt11je, llO 1945, ncTa1<) y n o'lttTCJby Ha HcpcTBH, y XepLtc·
====== 2is =====;;;;
rommu, cpe,!1,IU!OM Maja, nOCJie DypljceAaHa, I<3A npucne-
jy T pe Wlbe. H a Taj CBC431111 CKyn JJ.0Jla3C •"-YCJIHM31111 ll 3
'lHTaBC OKOJI HHC ( 1..lailJbJIHa, .UoMal!OBlll'tH H Jlp.). Tor
,!13113 o6 U4HO 6y.nc y n o41!TC1bY 11 H3JIO)t(6a TpeW3H>3 Ha
Kojoj Y'ICCTeyjy 11 npo11 3eo~a411 113 JU>YrHX ceJJa 11 HOO
lfanJLllH3 Harpa~yj e 11a j6oJbC npolt3BOl)a'le. Y n o•mTeJbY
cc onpmaea CBC'13HOCT, 11a1<0 y TOM Mecry Tpewtt.e HMajy
eenHKH npuepemm 3H04aj: ry je TpeWtba ttajemne 33.-
cryn.n.etta epcra eolla 11 KaKO cy YpCW1be eohe Koje npeo
l103peea, MC WTaHll 011 lbllXOBa H3B033. HMajy 3ttame n p u-
XOJlC (caonwre1oe A. JlaT111la, npo¢lecopa).
Cea1<a1<0 .na ct npa3mn< tpeWatb3 AP>fOI mm rta ce
.o:pmao H y .npynrn KpajcenMa 6oCHe 11 Xepueroeuue.
T aKO, m1p. , y npe.ueny OcaTy npnpe~yje cc TpKa y epeMe
tpewait.a. 1 y KOTOpcKOM , eemn <O.ll MfCJI HMOHCKOM ce.11y
KOJt .Uo6oja, rpa.rte cc 1bf1hllWKC y epeMe Jl03peB3ib3
tpeWatba, u rnx .aaua je pa1111je .uona.J1tJ1a y I<OTOpcKo
o.\\JlaJ:lllHa 11 Jt3 .upyr11x cena, J<aKo caM cnywao 1959.
JloK cc 11c yT ep.uu Ta1.1110 pacnpOCTpalbelbe oeora o6tt-
<iaja H CBC H>Croee KapaKTCPll CTllKC H CJICMCllTH, ue MOWC
ce pdm HUWTa o.o.pc~e 110 o 11.eroey nopCKJly. Je.o.aH cra-
pau ( M y 1m6 CejMc11, 78 ro.uima crap) H3 cena Ja1Mtha KOA
3CHIUIC yeepaaao MC je .ua y lbCfOeoj MJl:lllOCTH Hnje 6HJJO
•rpaHCt . Bepoean10 .ua cse t.J a110CT jow mije 6una .r:.o6una
o ua j o6Jll!K K3KaB HMa y /I OBIJje BpeMe, rum HC MO}f(C 6HTl1
cyM1bC .ua je o6u 4aj 0 KynJba1ba pa,t1.11 6pa11>a TpewaH>a 113
crap11je r BpeMeua 11 .ua je npeo6HTHO 6 Ho otta1<ae 1<a1<ae je
ll llauac y Tow11hHMa non TpecKaBHUOM.
Tpew!be cy npeo nohe 1<oje ca3peea 11 nOCJ1e .uyrorpaj-
11e 311MC JbY.Ull cy WCJbllll npoMCllC II OCBC}f(Cfba y 11cxpa-
Hll.c llPYrt crpatte, CC30Ha rpcwaH>a TJ)aje KpaTKO BpeMC.
Pa1111jc,. TpcW!bC 1111cy llo\\aJIC llllK3KBY npoMCTHY epe.;:i:-
llOCT, jep cy aapoum 611ne MaJICHe H MaJia norpa}f(lba
1'pCW3Jba. Jlanac je .UPYf<41tjc, ua ce TpeWlhC 11 n po.;:i:ajy
np1um1<0,\\ •rpan~. Y rmammcKn,\\ cem1Ma TpewlbC HH
,[l3H3C HCMajy Tp>t<UlllllC Bpe/lllOCTll, jcp cy CIITHC 11 llOCllC-
====== 21•======
eajy AOLIKaH. y o6114aj y .ua ce Tpew1bC CJlo6oJlll0 6ep y Tpc6a
rne.o.aTH OCT3T3.l< 113 CTapl!HC. Otte np1tna,a;ajy CB3KOMe
.UOHCKJIC II no TOMC UJTO cc y HCpa3B1tje111tM 33jC.!l.Hlll.13.\la, a
ouer no 11at.Jeny y33ja11rnocr11, eo.11.11 pat.Jytta ixa ceaKO 6y.t1.e
ctta6llCBeH CBHM nOTpe6aMa. Hnaf<, Mttoro je eaamuje TO .t1.a
TpcllltbCBa cra.6.na, KOja 1111je HllKO ca,a;110 11 11eroeao 11 I<Oja
cy 6HJJa npao611T110 yrnaeuo.\\ 11a ceoctmM 3aje.1:t1mt.J H11M
3CM.Jbllll1Tll/113, HllCY Hit CMaTpaHa np11eaTHOM ceoj11110.\I, a
yjeAHO TpCT1tpa11a Kao caMOpoltHO 6irn.e, na je CB3l<O Morao
CJlo6oJ.tHO A3 6epc. 11 , y T3.KB3 6palba llllIJIO ce KOJleKTllBHO,
J<aO WTO 11 ca.11a y MHOrHM 1<pajemrna O."-'laA11Ha 1me
KOJlCKTHBllO y 6palhC 6opom111ua, JICWHl!Ka II .o.pyn1x
caMOpo,!IHllX flJlOllOBa, a Tll O.!l.Jl3CIJll cy y Hawe BpeMC
pe,!108110 IH!We paau n poeo.a.a Hero pa.all l<OPllCTll y
11cxpam111JI11 PaJlll HOB43HC llo6HTll. l
Moj11 o6aseUJTa<m 113 6octte cy uCTHQaJlll 3Ha1.1a j Tora
aa cy Tpe wlhC •npna MHea • ( npeo eohe). A1111, y Marnajy
11111 j e je.t1.a11 11mPopMa11T CKpeu yo na>f<fhY u tta epoTcKn
MOMCllaT: l<:lll ce TpCWfhC OKYCC, 011.!13 je >f<CllCKO •Hajro·
pe • (Tj. npo6y ~cHa Jby6aeHa crpacT) ._ Ha cm1q11a ecpoea-
lba y BC3H ca TPCWfhOM HllC3/I\ .u:pyrnc 11auna3110.
npa3Hlll< TpeUJafba y EocHll II XepuerOBllllH llP>KC no-
rnaBllTO MYCJl\lMQHlt. HnaK, OH Httje HCUJTO noce6HO MY-
cnuMaHCKO. HMa ra 11 l<Oll xp1twlia11a. A WTO ra MyCJ111Ma-
111t y 6oc111t BHUJC ll.PJ.KC, 6tthe CTOra UJTO cy MYCJIHMaHll
BllWC pa.1111n11 o eol\y u e11we ra ynoTpe6.lbaBaJIH y ncxpa-
llll Hero xp11wha1111. H Mao caM npunuI<c na y ro.11.1m aMa
npe.t1. nOCJ1CJJ.H>11 paT y cCJ111Ma 0 1<0 CKon.n,.a npoMaToaM
HCWTO CJIH'IHO 6oca11cKOj •rpamu II .a.a ciM y4ecreyje,\t y
TO.\.le: y ceny r .11e ceoc1<a upKee11a CJiaea na,na na Cnacoe-
JJ.3.H, nOCJie pyt.Jl<a .UOMahn1111 no31rnajy ceoje rocre 113
.upyr11x cCJla y TpeWlbC, 1<ojnx y ce11.y 11Ma Mttoro, 11 rocrn
ce pa3HJI33C H 6epy TpcwlbC. nOCJle rora 611he xopo. •
~~~?~=:"'i!';~,.~."~~~j."~~i..Cl<6;::"19;
~"'~9i: i::'.:'..~"'" 06M""i"" ...._-.... Y C>rooc><oi Kotmum. CE3. UV,

KY JIT ITPOPOKA JEPEMHJE
YTPA.UH UHJH
JY:>KHHX CJI OBEHA
npaBOCJiamia L{J)I<Ba cna1m ucKonm<c crapo33eenie
llpopOKC, MCl)y KOj ll~la II j epCM nj y. 0/~ Clll!X npopm<a,
Hnnja je y xp111uha11crny CTCKaO 11ajaeh11 yrne.u, na cc 20.
jy11a 11 cana y up1rn11 npa.3uyjc. npan0CJ1an11a up1ma CJiae11
ycno.\\CHY 11a npopoKa jepeMnj y I. 111aja no crapo.\\ l<aJJCH-
napy, aJJH 0 11a Taj A3H HC CMaTpa npa3H ll KO,\ \. Mcl))'TllM,
HO.!l. npaBOCJ13lllUIX j y»<HHX Cnoee11a JepcMuja je CTCK30
nclm yrneA II .na11 fbCfOBC ycnOMCHC ( HaKO TOf na11a Qp1<ea
c.nann ycn0Mc11y 11 11a .r1pyra mma) 11oc11 llMC n o H>CMy:
JcpeM11 jee.na11 yonwTc, ami - pcljc - 11 Jcpe11m j1rnAatt,
j ep111 11 H)l311 HO!l Cp6a; HOA Ma1<CJ10Ha1.U1 PeM11 ja, Epe11111ja,
Jepe,\\u ja y 0Kon1111n C1<onn.a, Hp.\\11ja oi<o Dcnl)e.111 je;
EpeMu ja, H p1111ia, Ep.\ \a, EpMja, HpuM1111)l,a11 3i,~1c1<11 neu
K0.1lDyrapa. 1• Kapa1nep11cr11•1110 jc .na cc y O KOJlllHll
Dcnl)cnnjc itMC j cpc11111ja 1<ao llMC 3ll npa3mm ynoTpefoba-
Da y MHOHOllHI: HpM!m. 1
H a Jepe"mjeaJJ,au npaaocJ1aa1111 Jyn.:nu Cnoae1111 epme
11c1<c o6n'laje ca 1<oj1ma ce ec3yjy 11 pa311a eepoea1oa.
KyJIT npopot<a j epeM11je, 11a1<0 cc Mome peh.11 ;1a je roroeo
onwT11 t<OJJ. TOr itena J yn.: nux C;1oac11a, 1ma1< 1111jc cay.11a
11cr11 Hll n o ce ojoj caJJ.pH<1SH1t 1111 no cnojoj ja<num.
'Ynpni«QM""orroi-MJICT}"IUl j.... $,.-...,...cy&tn<pa<n<>p<llt"11tnoapoH....
......,.. ~-cyy-.jcry1U1jNcwoo~iry....-ttl<Cf"1. YCl<.llt."1Ye&
... qM- ... wojK" ypdlfi< •6aurnt- N Oii;!< CJIO ~ poo<DC>P<.lKSJK llO
apo ....... (l!an. yp.)
' .El.. l>l•J>H-: Hopo.l"" Jdpa M r<>•Mr""3HM """'""'" "6M...M. C6HY, XXVll!.
Co$uil914,46-I
' CK~ T0Hon1<h: Cpn<MH ""P<llll"' "°""·
"6•,.• i• y l><nllt"JTMjcMOj CEJ, XL,
~pu1927,70.
======2s1======
Hawa CTHOJIOlllt<a JUITepaTypa Ca,1],pam o61t.lhe IlOJ.taTat<a
o 1<y11Ty n popot<a J epe"mje, a J\moro caM 11 n ll'mo np u1<y-
mio u a cnoj 11"1 nyroaalbnMa. n oJJ.aQ1t 1<ojc cy 3116cnem111111
p31111j 11 llCTillTllB3'UI TIOTll"IY 113 p33HllX BpcMeHa: 11e1<11
3l11111C311 11 eek npc CTOTllHY II BllWC roJJ,11113, llCl<ll y .upyroj
nonoemm XIX BCt<3, llT!l. O •m.rnCAHO je .11a cc rnj t<YJIT y
OJ],llOCllllM npe.UCJll!Ma 113Me11110, ll3 r a je ltCCTaJIO HJJH .U3 je
yMalben 111111 yn powlie11. 3 3 3a.o.aTa1< 1<oj 11 caM 110CT3BHO y
OBO.'ol pa,!ly H11je ro OJ], 11apo1.11tTOr 3Ha1.1aj a: }f{CJlllM .na
1101<alii"eM 11c caMo 1<0J1111<0 jc nj 1<ynT pacn pocrpan.eu
11e1<a.na u J.ta113c uero y npooM pc.!ly 1<a1<aa je 0 11 11 OJJ. 'lcra
cc cacroj 11, a ca ror rnemuurn je 11peneaa11T110 Aa m1 11
caAa m:x:roj n cne 0110 OA ii.era WTO je nocrojano n pe
11c1<on 111<0 ne 1~c1111ja mm jom pa1111jc.
OnwTc jc, MOmc ce pchu, .11a ce npopot< J cpcM11ja CM3-
Tpa 33illTllTHJl}(0.\I, 6pa11UTCJhe,\\ 0)1 3Mll ja, a )' HCl<llM
o6JI3CTH,'o\3 1i,eroa AaH cc CMaTJ)a 1<30 nau 1<aAa cc jcAm lO
Mor y 113palj11aan1 Qpeny.n.e II JJ.P)'rll llpo113BOJ111 >KCllCl<C
1<cpaM111<e. CTora y CKO!lCl<llM CCJlllM3 1<amy 11a jc Taj
npa311111< •O,!IBOje11 33 3CMJba II 3Mllll ~.'
C Apyre crpaue o neT, cnop3A114HO ce jaa11>a 11 noT1ty110
llnll )lCJIHMH'lllO npa3110 B31bC J cpeM1tjCBJ],3Ha, 113KO TO UP-
KBa tte Haname. Y Eyrapc1<oj He paJ\C ua j epc~mj ennaH
muuTa, oco611To 1111wra y noJby: 1<0 6yJie pa.uuo, lbCra lie
11Cll36e>t<HO yjeCTll 3Mllj3.' roTOBO llCTO 1111.:DO llp33110U3-
lbC j epeM11j cnAa11a 11 o6jaw11>aaa1be 3a6c11cme110 jc 11 y
01<on111111 Bnace11 11ue y Eocm1, caMo jow ca no.t1aT1<0M 113
ce aepyjc .11a ce 3.m1je nape 11a J epcM11 jcBJJ,311 11 aa cc
mma;:i: nc 611 Morao 113JIC'lllTll 011aj 1<ora 611 36or pa.aa ua
J cpe~mjce,!J,att yje..1a 3.'ol11ja. 5 Y Eyra pc1<oj 36or 3MHja ue
pa.ae 1111 11a JICTJbll Hna11>)la11, 8. ~1 aj a, 1<ao 1111 113 A3H
anocrona EpMnje 11 My1.1e111t1<a EpMeja. 6
Y 0 1<0JJ111m 'Be tt ~en 11jc , y Ma1<cA01111j11 , ;i.y.1111 He npa-
311yjy TOJllll<O Taj JJ.aH KOJlllt<O mcue. 7 CToje.111111a cena tta
> ~IK.1 .C. <i>MMllOBMhO~l«'Jl*>INl<Oll0.14lanl<O"""MX-CAll,lt00<6-
"""3»""'•CLXXX], &.o<,,..,. l9Sl , IJ2.
' JLM""'' -'''""-:i<,.,, 467.
' T"""llP ..... hcMHh: llapo11>1<Up&3110Ni•P"L4< - r3M,XlX,Carai•"" l907,l22
•!tM•Pm•OM:u•Q.lH.>l«.T)'
' Ctt H HTOHOh n~ : HOB .;itJM>,70
======282======
THMOHY 33.Beryjy ce npopoKy Jepe11111j11 Aa HX qyea 0,!l
3.\\Hja.' Ha T11MOKY ce ror ii;a11a paAH y no1hy, a.rm ce tte
paJJ.C >KCllCKll nocnoen,9 ,!lOK eel\ y OHOJlHHH bo.'bCBQa
0
llCM3 llH THX orpaH1l 4 Clba, na cc CBC PaJJ.H . ' y npe,!lCJlHM3
Jly>t<HHlU! II Hm11ae11, y OHOJlllHH n11pora, J epeMH j~B.uaH
ce y MHOrllM CCJlllM3 HC npa311yjc, a y HCKHM CCJll!Ma JC ror
.na11a ceoc1<a cnaea. 11 Taiw ncro Ii y ceny Eepnlhy, y
Tons1111.1u, 11occ JIHTHjy 11a •JepeM11j1111,na11 •.
3a TepHTOpHj y 6J.rnwer cpe3a 11 01<pyra 1111w1<0r 3a6e..1e-
we110 je caMO .na he yjecw 3Mll ja 0 11ora KO pantt rora
,!la11a. u Y 11ec1<0Ba'11<oi Mopae11 )f{CHC 11e pa.r.te m1wn1
py1<aMa: !IC WHjy , HC cy •1y, HC pa3Mll'·IY -
1<011onau.; 11e 1IJ1ery, He npeizy, 11e Tl<ajy. Cee 36or 3MHja.
~:~=·11~3!'~0~ )e~~1;ja1:°~n~ ~rt= ;p:uj~~.~
81
Hn y npencm1111a Jleeqy H T eM111tky ue pa.ri.e ua Jepe1111t-
1
jeena11 ;t<CHC, a y HCl<H.M CCJlllMQ HH JbY,[l,ll j ' cea1<a1<0 36or
3MH)a.
H e caMo .a.a jc JepeMuj1tH .a.au •eapomm •.a.au 3a IBette y
npCACJJY Ta1<osy 11ero y TOM 1<pajy 11c pa.ne HH Y nCTa1<
npcA JcpcM 11 jcs,naH, a tt apo1.11tTO 11e yuocc ,[!,pea Y 1<yhy. Y
CCJlllMa TIO,[!, KocMajeM Ce. JepeMHja ll no.ny6pa1mja (cy-
Tpanatt) CJJaBC CC 36or rpa.11o61ITIUIC. Y n o,nufipy je Jafic-
JIC}l(CllO y npownoM ee1<y na ce ua JepeM11j1tHJiaH mmo-
w ro 11e ope ,[l,a tte 611 CJ1a11a y611jana yceee. u Cnatta 1<ao
MOTHS npa3HOBatt.y cycpehe ce c:wo jow K0.11 6attaTCKllX
Xe pa.
19
:t::~::::~=~::~:=j~ ;,.~~-~~~~ fEM, 3 2
2!; ~,,unjeM . l"p6Mlt:Cpnc1<1! M•p<>ll.MMo61!..ajMM3Cpe:la liQn,e8""KOf". CE3,
:.:.;~.~~~~,:~=~:::~~~z=:t~~!fl!::::
l~;~MM. ~Mh: lKMIM>TM-jK ...pQ.:IMM,n.c-"Koj .\-l<;>p&BM.
Cf.3, LXX,~ 1951,386; V. K. l'e!IOYit: 7_..planjeili ~- ZNZOJS, V,
z.,'!'~~: M1<jO"roU1h: 0601'.. jM..,.....,.. ... _ °" Jlee... M TtJIHMlla. CE3,
Vll,",~~~~~!i....,.Jt.:iKx110TCp(io«".-..-. CE3, 1,~ IS94,124.
======28i======
3a6cneIBe110 je pauuje y 6octtn - cea1<a1<0 ca"\O 3a
11e1<11 1<paj tum 1>pajeee - na ce 11a Jepe"111jee,[l,a11 HC cMe
llllUJTa pa,[!,llTl!j KO 611 tura pa,ll,110, thCMY 611 WTO 0,[l, CTOl\C
yn-rnyno OJI. JM1tjc1<or yjena. 1 • Cp6u y 01<omm11 Ma11acr11pa
TaMHC y ceecponcro•moj l>oc1111 ll·"ajy t"pll 3.\t11jc1<a ( •ry-
jmrn •) ceeua. To cy Ce. JepeMHja, Ja1<0ena11 u lla11
anocrona JyJI.e (19. jyna). H a Cs. J c pc~\llj y 11e Pa.JI.II ce
HliWTa lta 611 cc <ICJha.U ll CT01<a 3aUJTllTllJia o.a. yje.a.a 3Ml1ja
A1<0 MOpa ,[l,a cc TOr .tta11a pan11, 011.a.a rpc6a .rrn ce 11cm1cTe
ryIBea OLl 6ene JI03C 11 ,[l,a cc Ta ryIBea tta611je Bony ua
.t(CCHY 11ory. lfaK cc 11 nocr11 •ryj 1m nocr •. 17
K30 HOH3L{, CeM K0.11 npaeocnammx J YIBHHX Cnoeeua npa:moeatbe
HJJll o6aen,au,e 113oec1111x paJUt.a Ha Jepe,.1111jee.a.a11 cycpehe
1 ce H KO,[l, eTllll4KllX rpyna Koje if(HBC y CHM611o::m 1-Ulll y
CYCt'llCTBY c tt.l!Ma; y llCKll.V. cny~ajemtMa, Kao Hnp. y
1<onathy JCMJbC 3a itpenylbC 11nn y 113pan.n upeny.lba 11a
JepeMHjCBLlall KOJI. MyCJl11Ma11CKllX Top6ewa y Ol<OJlllllll
C1<onn,a, ua JepeM11jen,[l,a11 KO.!l. MyCJ111Ma11c1<11x Ap6a11aca
y 01<011111111 IlpHJpe11a, pa,!1,!l ce o ca1.1yea11oj npeucnaMCKOj
Tpan.1tL1lliH, .a.01< cc KOJI npas11x Typa1<a y OKOmnm C1wn-
Jba 11 KOLl Myc.n11Ma11a Unraua pan.Ii o npey311Ma1hy Ta·
l<BHX o6111.1aja Oii xp11wha11c1<e MaKCLIOHCHC 0,[l,HOCllO cpn-
Cl\e OKOJllll/C. n paBOCJlaBHll Cp6H y OKOJlllHll Bpwua u
Sene Up1<ee npa311oean11 cy He1<an.a Jepe.'1111jeswm na He
611 6HJJO CJJatte. Cea1<a1<0 no yrneLly Ha thllX, Taj ,[l,an cy
npa:i11oean11 11 HCMUll 113 Sene Up1<ec, n1<ol)e 36or CJ1a11e.
Ha1<0 npopoK j epe~111ja 1111je npellMCT oco611ror 1tp1<ee-
11or 1<yn-ra, OH y)fmea y uapoLly eemmo nowToealbe Kao
3alllTllTHllK OJI. 3MHja, na noje,[l,1111a cena ror ,t(aua APJ-KC
IV, f.corJIO.'I
CCOCKH :JaeeT. Ccoci<a 3anenrna 11a JepeM1tje1ma11, Hao 11 na
Pa11onon.11jy, t>OllliKO je ,[l,O cana no311aTo, jaBJba ce caMO y
cenep11oi Cp6ttjll, Ii TO caMo y 11e1<11M 1<pajee11Ma. T a1<0 je
y ccny CMe,[l,OBUY (oKOJIHHa H eroTHHa) ceoc1<a Jal3CT1ma
Ha JepeM11jee,[l,a11, 1• y T11M01<y y CCJIJ-lMa r op1bC 3y1111<1c,
"ST. llolkly- V.Curtit:OndimTinijama<><rovnicama.GZM, XXXll ,Saui"'°
1920,29.
" .!l.p M"-""l'U- ~: npoi.. _
II) ""p<>JIJI< -"""'°"'
1 """'1KMM , . _
36opooo<-CAH,IV ( ll~1<11MllC'fJ<f)1, l ), ~l'HO, l2* .
"""'°"J-Mh:llU<m1....,..Kpoj1UC11MK....
)""l. Cli3,l.V.~l'MO, l•l .
======2s•======
Jlc6emnta, PasHa H l1Jn 1m111a Te Ha PaHOno;b11jy y sapo-
11111w1 AHJJ.pcjcsuy;'~ nee Maxanc y ceny rpournmt11 y
r py>t<ll llMaj y 3 3BCTllll Y H3 j epcM11jCB.113H, 3 y CCJll!,\13
f y6cpco11y 11 llp110.'11 Ka.ny ce ja1rn.a 33.0CTirna Ha n on.o-
6pa1111j y. io H.11a wra 11 y Ta1<0ey: KOJ:l BO.!Ie H ecropoeua y
ceny npalball l!M3 (33CCJl3K JlOKBC) 6y11c 113 Jcpe.1H1jeBj\3.H
M31bll CJ<yn , a HOJl J<HCCJIC BO.QC P1topa ll3H3JI CCJJa nonmia,
no.n. CyBo6opoM, 6y.r:ie Tor .r:taua naiuap. JlOE.: 11njc11110 ccno
11eMa :roacnrny Ha caM Jepcm1jen11a11, y npe}J,eny 6enm111
janJba CC n 0Jh06 pa1111ja HOO 3 3BeTl\113 y J:{Ba cena. 21
PeTKC cy, am1 11x HMa, t\PHBC nocoeheuc npopoKy Jepc-
M11j11. O,a c1<0po 3700 (ra•rno 3687) npaoocnaem1x llpKaea,
HOJlllKO ux je 61mo 1924. n o.u C pncHo.11 npaeOCJiae110.\\
[J3Tp11japu111joM, 6i111e cy ca.110 'ICTllPll noceeke11e n popo-
KY Jepc.1111 j 11. To cy 6K11e up1<ee y ceny Kpyweemt11 KOll
X epl!er- Hoeor, y )l{att><:By Jlo;1y KO.ll UCTmb3., y ropa>t<-
ne011y 1<0.ll netm 11 y cpnCKO.\I CCJIY Jlyroecry y pyMyH-
CK0.11 nc.1y BaHarn . H e1<ana je MOpaJJO 611n1, H3rJJena,
amue T3KR llX L!P1<aaa, nowTo y MaJ10M npene11y KopnT-
Hlll.!11 y 11cro<111oj Cp611j11 HMaj y pytuee1rnc (L!p1<amm,
L!Pl<llllWTe) L!PKBe CB. JepeMnje y CCJIY OpcOBL!Y, a y TOM
ceJJy 11 y r . K op11nmm1 je ceocKa npecJJaBa Ha naH CB.
JepeMnjc.n
H ~a n TOra na je nojen111111M pollOBltMa cJJasa JcpcM11ja,
amt JC TO, no MO.II llCKYCTBy, eem1Ka pcTKOCT, II TO CUIO y
Cp611j11 u 6ocH11. Ta1<0 cnaee j cpeMujen.rum C11Mos11fi11 y
TaKOBCKOM ceny OpaH>aHHMa, noccn.c1111 113 f p611ue y
r pymu, 1<30 11 PanoBHfill Ha 0 o.n;po.'110lllljU ( r .!J.ac1111au),
KOj 11 cy nope1<JlOM 113 6aH>a11a. M cl)yr11M, y C3MllM 6aH>a-
HllMa, 1<30 1111 y cycei:i:uoj n11011, tJ:aHaC l1Hje.n;a11 poll: He
c11ae11 Ha JcpeM11jeanaH.n On 1542 poi:i:a ca 10083 J:10.11a-
fim1craaa y WYMa.Dll jCKOj Ko11y6ap11 COMO jC,!1110 .no~1afiu11-
CTBO CJJan11 JcpeM11jea.!la11,H a o.n 424 pona ca 2427 .i:.o.\\a-
"MIPMHKOCniHOi<•H h:TH"'°",«6.
;~~~";""~·~~j'.'.\.Y.1!~ 11~~ 1 .930,11,BO,m
"M1W1jno M . K"""'h: KopimQou1.CE3, LXVll,C.0.,..119s.t,2311, 267, 272
" c.no.p T_,,h: S.-.M. CE3, LIX , &ear.,..,.. 1949, HO; -: IlM"" MIlMa.-.....
HH . CF.3 , l. I X , ~l-, oM7-4SQ.
" llcnp iK, IlOTJIOllHh: Wi·.....,...jcQ KM}"6opo1. Cll.3. I.I)(, ~1 19"6,64.
======2ss======
fiHHCTBa y n om16py II f OK<laHllUll CJJ3Bll j epcMHjee.n;aH
cuio je11Ho .!lOMah1111crao, Koje je nopetuI0.'11 O.!l C je1111Qe. u
H11jc.na11 pon tte cnae11 J epe~m jesnaK y 11peaen11Ma Den11-
u 11, H eroT11Hc1<oj 1<paj 111111 11 KJbyqy, T11Mo1<y, 1<ao 1111 y
1<pajee11Ma Ma1<eno1111je 11 Cnpc Cp611je y 1<oj 11Ma jc
UCTillT3HO nopcKJIO CT31101HlliWTBa
He1<a.ua seoMa paw11pe11 o6u<rnj .!la ce ncu11 najy 11Mc11a
npeMa HMeHy CBeTHTCJba y <mju cy ce npa3111JK po.nmrn,
.i:.oeo.n110 je no TOra aa je .Qana110 11 11Me JepeMuja. 0 110 ce
cycpcfie y Eocmi, X epL1eros1rn11 11 Cp611j11, ami uapo<mTo
y 33na.uttoj Cp6uj11. H 311c11al)e11 caM 6110 KOJlllKO ca.\\ nyra
cycpeo ro 11.\\e no cem1Ma y Ta1<0ny u cyce.i:.1111M npenem1-
Ma. Ope,\la j cpeM11ja CTUOpeHO je y TaKOBy 11 >t<CHCKO UMe
jcpMllHa.
II
Beo.11a je pacnpocrpa1bC11 o6u<iaj KOA npaaocnasHnx
Jym1111x Cnoucua .na cc yO<ill JepeM11jeBAa11a llJHI Ha caM
Taj nan, npe 113Jlac1<a CYHlla, nynalhCM y r003ne11 e 11pe,!1Me-
Te ll 113r osapalbCM 11apo<mTHX CTllXOBa Y3 o61lJl3>f<CILe OKO
Kyfie Ma~11jc1<11 onroue 3.\\Hje on Kykc 11 y1111wneajy (Jla
ce pacnaru1y, 11a6o.ny 11a TPll 11 en.). T oce <nnm .t1a y TOKY
romme 11c 611 np11m1.:m11e 1<yfi11, yjeJlllJle qe.n.a.n 11 CTOKy.
0611qaj jc rom11<0 pacnpocrpatt><:H na ce Mome c1<opo pet\11
.na je He1<a.ua Mopao 611n1 omum, jcp nanac y 11e1<11M
1<paje011.11a 011 TCK >t<HeOTapn, na ce Mopa npcTnOCTaB11T11
.a:a je nocro jao 11 TaMo rne ra y tto011je spe.11e 11 11eMa.
06w.1aj je, 33THM, canpm aj1111jtt 11 ctta>1<m1j11 11a 11cro1<y;
YKOJJHKO ce 11,ue o.n 11cro1<a, on ByrapcKe, npeMa 3ana.ny,
OH no1<a3yje M:ni.y m1momy cttar y 11 ca.ripmajeM je
cupo,\\aw1<11j11.
y ll3BOl)elhy TOI' Tcpa1ba 3MHj a HMa .'IOKammx liJlll
perttOHaJlllll X pa3JJ111<a, aJl ll je OH y cyWTHH\l llCTll: o611na-
>t<ClhC OKO t<yfie, 3rpana ca CTOKOM, 'l"HTaBC Maxanc llJI H
CCJla (Tpunyr &KO cc o61111a31l OKO 1<yhe) Y3 yaapalbC y
======2s6======
1<a1<aB l"B03JJ.Cllll npef{MCT 111111 CYJJ. II Y3 H3roeapatbe CTH-
xoea. 06nnamelbC, KOje 11Ma 311a•iaj noena<1elb3: Malj11j-
c1<or "pyra, nyna1bC, TIOll3B.lha lbC CTllXOBa }(30 MaljHjCKllX
cl>op.'lly,1 a, cee ro cy 11o6po no311att pa;vi,e an0Tponejc1<0-
npo<Jrn11a1<T11tt11c Mal)11je . Pa3Jlm<e cy y TO.'o\C JJ.a ce 11er,E1e
Taj Mal)11jCKJ-I o6peJ:l 1131lOJI.ll )'BC <l.C a HCr Ae 113jyrpa, 33.THM
na ra 11er.Qc o61t'"IHO 113BOAC >t<eue, a 11CrJle JJ.CI.t3 mm My-
un<apL111, 11er.rte ce repajy caMo 3M11je, a 11CrJlC c lhHMa H .rta npcuohe eaH Kyhe;n y OKOJHIHll Desl)em1je -repajy HC
11pyre nmue mnBOTlnt.e. Pa3Jl111<e HMa 11 y npe11MeT11Ma 11,
MOil<Aa, 11aj4ewk.c y pc•mMa: 11er11e ce 113roeapa caMo
jeJJ,aH JJ.llCTllX , a y llCKJIM KpajCBl!Ma neCMllUC Oil no .uece-
Tlll< cr11xoea, a.Jill je yecK CMncao ucru . Hajt1ewke ce
ymnpe6Jbaeajy cTuxomi
] tpt.Muja yiioJW,
St)IC' Ult, JMUjl,yMO{>t!
1um cm1•1110, a a1<0 je necMHL\3 ecka, oncT kc cc y lbOj
uali11Tamrncn1xa.
TepaH>C 3M ll ja y Eyrapmoj 113BOAH ce yO'-IH JepcMnjes-
na11a u spurn cc 0611namc1bCM, nyna1bCM tt 113rosapa1bCM
CT11X01Ja, ucro l\ao !llTO cc pa.i:t11 11 Ha Bnarosecru. 26 )Ke Ha
11n 11 ACUOjHa Y3MC rso:mcue ,..,aumllC 11 pama1b, na, yJlapa-
jytlll Jb11,..,a jc.i:t110 o Jtpyro, o6nna311 }'H30KOJ10 no .ri.sop11-
U1Ty, ym1311 y 3rpaJJ.C, na 11 y Kyky, 113rooapajylm aeo.-..,a
rnacno cr11xonc:
b""tiaiiiiit,Jhtu fy UltPt,
l/t1Ja ptlH£peMUJ1,
f1l1 bub~Jbil,peMu14u,
11lt6J1 cii<tia c pe,. ..u,u.
(CT11x0Btt 113 JhrraHooa y OpxaH11jcKOM .) Cn11'-l1111 cy cr11-
xoo11 y p33HHM MCCTHMa no ByrapcHoj ; lbHMa ce 1\lttje II
ryw-rep11 Tepajy y nOJbC llRH MOpe II npeTH HM cc en.
JcpeM11 joM HJIH TanpttMa, y OKOJIHHH Bo.ri.eua y rp'-!KOj
MaKeno1111j11 xajlt}'KO.\I, a y OxpHAY CB. JepcM11jo."1 H co.
TattacHjeM. 27
,. Jt M•poi,_: ..... A<JIQ, :187-lU.
" lha.-,-'66.
======2s1======
MapnttOB je21 3Hao 33 Tepalbe 3."IHja y Oxpn.i:ty 11 Bcnc-
cy y MaKCAOnHjH. 0110 je crnap110 y MaHCJJ.OH11j11 onwTC
u 1-13001111 cc ysc•1e yo'-ltt JepeMtt jeoi:taHa. 3a6e,1e»<e1m je,
ceM y Oxp11ny 11 Benccy, jow y crapo."1 .[lojpa11y, r.ri.e cc
3."lllja~rn n ryurrep11Ma npeTH cB. JepcMHjO.\I i:ta ke HM crylm
rnaoe kepaMHJtaMa, a TO ce SHI.IC 11a o6a cnpan Kyke,
nocne '!era ce span 33.TBOpe, a Mauml{e 1t BaTPaJb ocraoc
caMO 3MHjc II r ywTepe, Hero H )-1(36e It J<Op!b3.<1C;JO y
OK011111111 CTPYMHL{e ;:tel.{3 o6HJla3e OKO Kyhc yO'-IH JcpcMll-
jeBA3113 11 y3 11yna1M u pe<111M3 Tepajy 3.\ltt je. Y n onory
113ro11e 3.1\HjC II CMyKOBC yaapajyh.11 '-ll!Me rBOOJl.CHl-I M y
Jll\MCllY 1<a11Ty, KOjy fiOCJIC 6al{e B3H ceora HM31b3j y
oHommu C1<onJbll roue 3.M11je yo•m JepcM11jes.ri.aua, an11 11
113 caM Taj Aall y rope 11111t y Mope, 3 A03HBaj y 16ep11hCT•
(poll. ycesa) y no.lbe;n y OKORllHJ.I K yMaHOBa o61lJ133C
pe.ri.OM rnaKy 3rp3AY 11ynajyh1-1 y BaTpaJL ll Mawe. 32
n o jy>KHOM n o~IOpaBJbY y llCTO'lllOj Cp6nj11 3."IJljC (H
rynJTepu ) cc Tepajy Taf<Ol}e yoq11 JcpeAmjcB.i:t3H3. Y f op-
11>oj n 1.1m1>11 je 3a6eJIC>KCHO C3MO ,!l.a CC TCp3jy 3MJlj C OA
1<yha,n 3 y Bp1ba'-ll\Oj GaH.11 caM 336e11e>1<110 1939 . Jl.3 cc
3Mllj e Tepajy y Mope nocnc 33Jlac1<a cym-1a, an11 !la TO
113noae Mym1<ap1.u1, o61111a3ehH xaTap jenue Maxane . Omi
uo.ri.e co6oM jeJt.HOr a 1<oju Mopa cra11110 na ;f(Myp11. Jlyn3jy y
MaUJC 11 U3TpalbC 11 113ronapajy ;:tllCTHX. no
MOM C33H31bY
(1948), y 11ccKOB3'1KOj Mop3BH ce 3,1tJlje -repajy y Mope
11111-1 y rope. 06pe.ri. H3Boae acLta: jeimo.1t ce 33.BC»<Y o•m
na ra Apyro Jl.CTC som1 OKO CUllX 3rpaaa y Jl,BOpllWTy; jerom
pa1111je C30llWTCIM 113 ror Kpaja ue no.\1111M se3nealbC
O'-l11j y." Y npe.ri.emiMa Jles1.1y 11 TeM1mliy aeLta o61tna3C
yo•m JepeMttjeBA3H3 tpHnYT OKO Kyka, na oKo ocra1111x
.. 11... -.~.
'"Jtpc.uj1.\l. TI..,_odl: C...,..1l1>jpoH M .1lojpoMC1<0j.cxpo. ~l9l0,41.
..C ~T-odl : MA8 . .¥JK>,70.
" MHn. C. <l>llJuon<>llMl>:~iMM_....JC>roocoroi KmllM..,.. CE3, I.IV,
&.o.pu19)9,«XI.
" Joaaio XouM S..C..-h: JY"""' Cnpo Cp6Rj1, [. 6e<orpu 1909, )92.
" lltpcll;ll T""Mh - M11.,. c . ....... Mn<IBMh: rop .... n"""'"· CE:J, LXVlll ,
6<wf>ul9SS,99.
"D. K.llcrpoeMh:-.po.\,271.
======2ss======
3rpa.ua H 1<owapa r.nc 6opaBH 0"01rn. Y11apajy y MCTaJIHe
npeJJ,MeTe (3BOHQe, THraH>, awo s) H neaajy cruxone KOjH-
Ma TCpajy 3 Mllj C y MOpC. f JlC llCM3 .UCQC, TO MO»<C Jl3
H3 BP WH metta, ria 11 1.10 Be1<. To cc '-lllHH , I<a1<0 cy 11e1<11
1<aa11erum, HC caMo a6or 3MH je Hero H a5or nyf\oea, n 11c11-
ua ll ocra.rmx 3Bepoea 11a !IC 6H Jl3BllJHl CTOKy. y llOHCIUlM
CeJIHMa y THM 1<pajeBHMa llJIY ( 1907) ' jepeMttje ~, rpyne 0)1
no 10-15 MJlaJIHha, OJl Hylle ,llO 1<yhe 11 neaaj y nec,\1y
KOjOM Tepajy 3 MHje ; TIOWTO o6 ttlj y OKO Kyhe, JlOMah ttH HX
.r:1apttaa CJl3HHHOM, CHPOM Ii Jlp., lUTO he OHJl Il OJlCJBITH
ITOWTO o6 HJ:iy CBC Kyhe, Hml cnpet.UITll aajCJl.Hli'lK Y .uo6py
ee<1epy. Pa1<11 je cy TC •jepct>mie - HlllJIC no nolhy o.u 1<oma-
pe JJ.O 1<0wape. 3"
T tt o6 w-mjtt cy noattaTtt 11 y ucTO'lHoj Cp611j11, y 0611a-
cr11 oKo nuporn tt T11Mo1<a. Y ccmrna y THM04KOj o6na-
crn, napoxttje Eytije 11 KpaJhcno Cc_rio (ca.ua M111mheBo),
Tepajy ce 3Ml!je y Mope y3 ;1yna1hC y BaTpaH,, o61rnamefbe
OKO Kyhe TpttnyT II Y3 BIJKafbe .!\LlCTllXa. 35 T aKO pa11e ca1>10
HCK11 y npe.ue11y 3arnaBKy, r.ue cc mra•1c Jepc1>111ja (I.
Maja) 11 T10Jho6pam1ja llJHI Tlon>0pa1111ja (2. Maja) npa311y-
j y o.u ryceHHQa, 6y6a 11 .upyrnx 11pna Koj11 cy 111rern11 no
yceae. 36 Tcpatt>e 3M11ja y3 nyna!he 11 11arooapafhc .u11cTuxa
noMHJbe M . 'B . M11n 11hea11h y OKOm11111 3ajc•rnpa, amr 1<ao
.r1a ce sp w11 Ha Jepe1>111 jes.ua11 npc cy1111a, Hao 11 y 01101rn1111
C jcH11Qe. 31 To je 0•111rne.u110 rpcuma.
Ko.u n11~apc 1rn x Cp6a o6 wrnj TCpallia 3Ml!ja Ha JepeMu-
JCB.UaH Hll)C BIIWC TUKO OTIWTH, a r .uc IlOCTOJ ll , 113H0Jlll ce
yrnaBHOM 11ajyTpa Ha Jepe.1111jCBJ1aH. Tl;iamurn Konaornm
y TOM nornc.uy HC ca,\10 11a npc.ucraB.11>a .!\CO rcorpacj:lcKc
rpatt1111c H3Mel}y 06nacn1 ca Tepa1bc,11 3,1111ja ync•1e yo411
JcpeM11j eB,UaHa II o6JlaCTI! ca T<:pa11>CM HU JepCMl!jCBJ\all
113j)'Tpa, ttero 1t 11apo41tTy spcry npcJtaaa: 1rn Konao11111<y,
Kao WTO he ce HllJlCTll 113 ]{aJhl!X Ll3Jla!'alb3, TCpaJbC 3,1111ja
Tpaje uc11e 11oh11, a .uaJhc npc1>1a 3an:t£1y 11 jyry HajyTpa npc
'" Cn•oi< MH i•TOUHh: 06n~•i n cpn<K<>r IUf>Oll• ...• 108
"A1101m.. : C.10.~mm .. TH><O~K· •n•pxHje 1834-1 934. Cr<"C~ll Kop.iOkUH 1934.
189,2! 1
,. Map>1>1KO Cn11oi<8Hh: 3'rnaoa11. CF.3, XX. S.or~ 1913, 4()
" M.D. l>hurnh<unh: u• o.:1<"'l, 123
====== 2s9======
cym.ta. CeM rora, Ha KonaoHHKY 11 y cycewrnM KpajeB11Ma,
Kao 11 y lllyMa,0:11j11, 3M11je ce repajy ,n;yl+Cl!M <PopMynaMa.
KonaOHllK 11 cyCCJIHH KpajeBH cy eTHOJlOWKlf jow YBCK
CJia6o 110311aT11, Te sa ca.na He Mory yna:JHTH y m1Tafhe
OTKYJtll Ta nojasa ,n;a ce y TOj o6nacr11 KYJJT npopo1<a
JepeMHje TaKo 3HaTHO pa3nl!1<yje o,n; !herosa KYJITll y ,n;py-
rnM o6naCT11Ma. Tlpe-rnocrasJhaM ,!la KYJJT npopo1<a Jepe-
MHje HHje y TOM nornc.r1y OCaMJheH, Tj . J13 MOpa 61tTll H
i:lPYrHX eTHOJlOWKHX nojaBa 411je he cc r eorpaQ:>c1<0 pac-
npocrpalbe!he IlOJlYJlapam c pacnpocrpaH>ClbCM TllX oco-
611T!lx nojasa y KYJITY npopo1<a JepeMHje y K!maOHH'lKOj
o6JiaCT!l. Ka.it ce 6y;:le 3H3.JIO B1tllle o THM .!IPYrHM nojasa-
Ma, 611he MoryhHo H pelllelbe O.QHOCHO o6jallllbCJhe ror
noce6Hor nonomaja o6nacrH KonaoHHKa.
3a6enemeHa je MeJJO.!\Hja no Kojoj ce nesajy CTllXOBH
1<oj11Ma ce Tepajy 3MHje yo•m JepeMHjes.uana H TO Kao ,n;a
cy o61t'laj H MCJ1011Hia Il03H3TH y 'lHTaBOj lllyMa;tltjlt. JS
Mano je rpal)e Ha pacnonarafby 113 lllyMa.IIHje, a TO wro je
HMa TIOKa3yje ,!la If y TOj o6nacrn: HMa JIOCTa npCJICOHHX
aap11jauttja. Y Kparyjesa•u<0j JaceHHQH Tepajy ce 3MHje
Y04H JepeMHjeB,UaHa o6HJ1al+CCJheM OKO Kyhe H nyna!heM y
THrafb. 39 TloMHJbe ce caMo 11a me He 1t JlCBOjKe y PYllllH'l-
KOM TloMopaBJbY Tepajy 3MHje y Mope Y3 Il03HaTe CTHXO-
Be.•0 T epa!he 3MHja y npe.ueny fp)'l+Ce o6asJha ce yo'IH
JcpeM1tjee;:laHa. 0 Tiope.u Tora, y neKHM cen11Ma y fpyl+CH
6110 je o611<taj .ua no ceny HJJ;Y nosopKe •jepeMHj H (s. crp.
292). Beh y cyce.QHoM npe,n;eJJy Ta1<osy 06H4aj je .i:i:a
ce 3M11je repajy o.u 1<yha 11a caM JepeMHjes;:i:aH npe cymi:a;
sepyje ce .Qa ce 3MHje y TOKy ne-ra Hehe nojaBJb1tsarn Ha
npocropy 1101<ne ce <tyje nynlbasa.
Tlo cenHMa Ha Konao11H1<y nesa ce npHnHKOM repa!hll
3MHja, KaKO je sa6eJJCl+CHO M . 'B . MHnHhCBH!i. npe BHWC
o;:i: ocaM.QeCCT r O]J:HHa:
,. I<"""" MOHOjJJO,.,.h: My.iH~KO nc:no 11&111craceno. Houxccno, Seo~ 1929, Jl6
" ]tpc><H)• M. Il•anoanho lKllOOT H o&iuiH ""P<'JlHK y 11paryjca• ~KOi ]"""""""
(y lliy•UHiK).Cl!3, XXII,li«>rpa.o. 1921,99.
Ha :;;::~~=~h~y~j'.~~l<S,"~M,Y::J."~"°" Il""oposn.y. 11~
"Ilcnp ;K, ileTpOBHh: lKKOOT K o6ot'U.jK Kll.p<>JlHH y [)>y>t<H . CE3, L Vl !I ,
li«>rpa.o.1948,244
=====;;;;290======
OjMOjMMAUPPjOllt!
JefJUl.ujey iloiW.1
&x'ii<e, uujt,y MOpt!
8"""t MOJ>t gy6o110,
HaJU tUo.IMUlUf>O'<O.
Ca11je jegHaOCUiQAa.-
30JJ1oclK!jeocUiat1a;
0Haj'o"uuJ6oJTa
HagboiiipHo iAofolJa
Hatft U:.upuumUoba
Cittt'IHO ce nesa H y no.uH6apc1mM cCJJ ttMa, rAe ce
o6 H<1 aj 11380.ltll KOJleKTHBHO: ceocKa O,\o\Jl3Al1113 ce
NOll 'IHjc Kyhe Ha cpeitoKpakH. Cea1<0 HOCH 3BOHO, KOTilO
mm rencttjy, na cett 3ajC.IDIO KpeHy mmectto 11 o6J.djy cee
Kyhe H fl0Jh3 3BOHetm H nceajytm.'1 T aKO ce pa,!tHJlO y
KonaOHll'IKllM ceJm Ma, K3KO caM JIH'lllO 336eJICJt<H O, jow y
ro,111ma.~a npcA noc.11e,!UbH paT. Tpc6a
tlpcACJIHM3 o6 tt4aj H3B0l1C MYWK3Pl.lH l<Ojll, TaKO nynajy-
lm H nceajylm, nyujy •mTaBe uolm no ceny, a llOMakm.te
HM .uajy .uapoee, KOjHMa he cc y 3opy no•rnCTHTH H eecentt-
TH WTO cy OTCpa.rm 3MHjC. n opcA Tora llITO MYWK3PUH
o6HJUl3C CCJIOM H Tepajy 3Mnje, AOMak111.1a y Hylm: KYTJla-
'IOM H MawmtaMa nyna no cy.QOUHMa 11 uanOCJicn:y nyna
Kyrna'IOM no ca'ly na 611 orepana scwntitc. 0 Taj 11cn11T11-
ea4 HC Ka>HC na Jm MYWKaPLtll HJUI >i<CllC 11oce 3BOHa H
39011c Ol<O l<owapa 11a j cpeMttjcerurn .na 611 ce o,namanc
epa4apHJ.tC.
npeMa jCJ{llOM 3al1HCY c Kpaja XIX BCKa, y naeJIHUll
(fo!BWll CTYJlCHH4KH cpe3) 4o63H4aJl cy cc Cl<Yl1Jbl1Jla yo-
•m JcpeMHjeena11a, y npeH Mpal<, na uwna, nynajykH y
npe;::tMCTC KOjH 3BC'le (3BOHa, KaHTC, B3TpaJbC H np. ), OKO
ropoea H nyreea KOjHMa cro1<a npona3H. OeeanH cy
yrnamtOM eek ll3HCTe crmwee KOjC je 3a6eJIC>i<HO H M .
Mttntthce1-1h. Httcy o6HJia3HJIH 01<0 Kyha. Opo11a3ehH OKO
Kylie Tpa>KHJIH cy II J{o6HBaJJH ,!lapoee (CHp, M3CJIO, jaja ll
" M. '!>. M11nodln~h o !<NI. :>e11<>, 121- 12-1.
•> MllJIOl'l,ll J~. M""°""""": H-·~- J -M._.tc.11.,..J
ll61>7. rllM , Xll , lieorpu 19l7, 20I.
======291 ======
n p.), OJ{ KOjux 611 cnpeMHJlll Be4epy II BCCCJl\lJUI cc LIO
30pe ...
y Ko11awm1y MOM.UH ll J{CBOjKe Ha JcpeM11jCB,!laH llJlY
on Kykc LIO Kykc 11 repajy 3MHjc y nolbc. Tepan.e 3Mnja tta
JcpeMttjceJJ,a11 npe cy11ua noMmhe cc y oKOJIHttll Cjcm1-
ue.•s Hcr,!IC y BOCHH - \ICl1ttTHB34H He Ka>Hy y KOM Kpajy
- tta jcpeMtt jeeL1ai1 LIOMakuua npe cyttua o61rna3H OKO
Kyhe H, nynajyku y Tiiey H BH4yktt ,!IBa 1103HaTa CTllXa,
repa 3Mttje y Mope.•~
y OKOnHHH ¢ o4C, 011aj I<Oj11 he JJ,a o6l1Jla3H 01<0 Kyke, Ii
TO npe cyttua, cey1.1c cc " HLIC ro.• 1 Y raJ.tKy mcue TCpajy
Ca6epe 3!•1Hje y.napaj yktt y Ta.B Y II BHl.lyliu 3MHjaMa Lia llLIY y Mope
o61U1:oe Tpll nyra OKO 1<yka, npe cy11ua. •• >Kc11c y raTa 4-
K0.1-1 ceny ,Uo6pe1h11Ma pa,!11111e cy TOH 1956. Y Oonoey cy
y crapo L1o6a repanH :JMHjc Ha Taj H34HH .na 6n H3alll1111 11a
1<aKae 6per noeuwe cena HJill 1<yka 11 e111<an11 y.napajyk.11 y
11crak.1t Aa y THM rney. 0 H11 je cc o61rna3HJIO OKO Kyha ceaKaKo crora urro
cy Otte tta T3KBHM MCCTHMa ll T3KO rpal)eue ,!la npaKTli4110
Httje UH Moryke o61rn3311Tli OKO lbllX. O peMa 3a6eneWL[ll
OLI npe BllWC o.u CTOTHHY rOAHHa, y rp6Sby cy Tepa11e
3MHje tta JepeMujee,!la11 o6ttnamett.eM 01<0 1<yke, nyna1bCM
y npocySby ll Bl!KaJbCM .na HLIY y Mope, Lta ce llC BllLIC \IJIH
L[a tte Mory 11axy,!IHTH. so Haj33JJ,, y Y6nHMa (y 601<11),
repatt.e 3MH ja je nOBC3al!O ca llOWCtbeM Kpcta (JIHTHje),
Koje epwe ua JcpeMHjce,!laH npeKo 6pLta Ce. JepeM11jc
lt3H3.!l; cena Kocralblllle, na, HocekH KpcT BH'ly: •JepeMttje
Y3 110JbC, a CBC 3M11 je y Mope! • "
TepatbC :JMttja ua j epeM1tjeena11 .o:o61U10 je y HCKHM
cenHMa (.Uparo6paha, Kop11haH11, pa11ujc ll M e4Koeaaj y
.. Tl<l!O>IMP P. l>opl)tBMh: lb (pJ>Cl<M• •l"'i•B•. 6~""90
KOpJIOBUMIS'l8, 1209
"'"'°·
l V, Cpt..CHH
"'M. 1>. MKJtMlleBMh: KH ,/lel•>,llJ
.. S1. llotkay-B. 1'oyl""'h• 110M . pt.11,29;ny. o r~h-6j~Kh : lbotapo;uoMO
MOpollJl, l . M°""'p1$%,UI.
" JD. fkho: ~ ...IMM ..._..., 113 6oc>to . CE3, XXXll, 6e<>rpu 19ll, l71
"'llY"" !Pbidl: 0n>tc r"""" ai aa_... " o61Noi..,..
C.pojuolSU,202.
""pojlM""·
68, m,
.. JD~M•lle•llll: )f(,._.•-•iM-. CE3, LXV, ~1 1951, l6J
,. 8)'><C1°. "-odl: Cpnatiop;c...NMN ( l lt /_ _ . , , _). ~ ltn, 269;
8 }'><ap-...h:l'-..~-'lll<rT)'><C. CE3, L, ~19lo&,21.
" . . . _, 6pna, ........,., pu"""'" ..,h....,. C.!lM , IX, 3aup 1'4t, 11.

rpyHm , y lliyMa;::i;HjH, oco6HT o6nm<, HaHMC .11a yo4H ro r
.11aHa Ht.llY y jepe11111je t noaopKe .11eeojaKa, •iepeMHjet,
aJIH ue /llJl3.,!UthH, KOO y Jlee4y H TeMHHhy. n O'rpC6HO je
np1ma33.TH onurnpuHje re o61-14aj e. AeeojKe ce o6yKy y
CBe43H0 p yxo H HCKl-ITe QBekeM. npeB0,1.1,1-1 I-IX •1.tap1tQ3. t,
Kojy H3a6epy H3Meljy ce6e. Qua llOCH o BpaTy uajBehe
o e4apcKO 3BOHO, a 1-1 ocrane y4ecm1 ue uoce 3BOHa Koja
CKHHY c oeaQ3. CeaKa OJJ. H>Hx HMa onpel)en 3aJJ.3TllK:
je.irna cKyrrn.a uoeau., ,1.1,p yra rmh e, y-peha uaMHPHHUe, HTJ.t.
IlpeJJ. n o11ok nona3e y o6HJJa3aK no ceny, na o6HJia3e OKO
ceaKe 1<yhe no TPH nyTa cneea nanccuo, nynajyhH y 3eo11a
1-1 neeajylm necMy:
J~ujeyr«mt,
6t:>fC'iUt 1 JMUjt,yMCpl!
CbecypegoMoUi11w11t,
Ca.woj1g11aociUo.w,
H OHajtUpOOaira:
()6a OKD ll36wia
Ha~iUpHD{AOioba,
Ho <1eiU11pu wuUoba.
3aTHM yn33e y Kyhe, 6yJ.te jIO,'llahHI.tY H !belly 4CJba)l,
neeajyhtt o ner uapo4HTe cntxoee, na AOMah llI.tH JJ,ajy I.lBC-
lie H 6un.c, Koj e he oHa craeHT11 y /l\Jle1<ap .na joj cc 6on.c
AP>KH CMOK. n o w ro o6uljy cee Kyhe (ue yna3Ch11 y o ne
r J,te ual)y 3aTeope11a npaTa), •j cpeMuje • ce cKync ua ceo-
CKOM HrpanHWTY H nperncjiajy cee WTII cy Jto61Ule. Yjy-
TPY JJ,ol)y TY II MO,'l\UH, n a ttrpajy c ACBOjKaMa. y uoeuje
epeMe ( teaJ.13 t, BCJIH n e-rpoaHh) H MO.'llUH 11.llY Y3 .11eeojKe,
an11 OHi! ue yqecreyjy y lbHXOBY PHTyany; je11a11 MOMaK,
o6H4110 uajcrapHjH, KOMe JlPYrH; y 31'0.ltHOM Tpeu yTKy,
pa.3fo1j y jaje 0 rnaay , nocraj e •t1ap t H OH HOCH TY THTYllY
.110 roJ,tmte, AOK 11pyrH TO ue nocratte. CncJteke ueACJbC
11eeoj Ke• np11penc •I.lac • (ro36y) OJI. caKynn.euux .napoea H
JJ.PYrHX np 1mora. ToM npHllHKO!•I cnpeMajy II KOJ1 8\{, KOjll
pe>«y H JlOMe Kao WTO ce JlOMtt H CJl8BCl<li J<OJJ3\{. H a TY
ro36y .llOJ133C MO.'llllll Ii MJial)tt JbY.llH. rl e-rpOBltli., nocnc
• u...... pt'IMa>elUl,llOpmtMjc•x.uui.1.~,,.,.,WTOC..OOllllt--.'"'·
i<'prcpco<11 •rroi> --YllPY'"°'"~Y1"''fCHM"°. (!lan. H'·t
======293======
1<pahe attanH3C, 33KJby'{yje .na je o6H'{aj, KOKO cc BPWH y
T liM CCllHMa, OCTIITaK OA KpaJhlNKHX o611'{aja, KOj HX jc
HCKaJt3. 6HJJO II y lliyMaJ].1-tj11, a c KOjHM cy cc cpemt 11 HCKH
APYrH o6tt'{aj 11: o6H1.1aj1-1 1-13 KOM ruJeKCa Jcpe M11jeeJ.taHa,
6ene uencJbC, cnanc HJIH 33.BC"rHlle n KOn e.11apa. 51 Ilpeen-
JtCO jc II CJICMeUaT 113 l)ypl)eenaucKor KOMllJlCKCa: 611n.c 33
Ma1)1-1jCKy 33WTl-ITY 6enor Mpca.
T o lllTO ce ,llCCWIO y rpy>fm , J,tewaeano ce Ii y APYntM
1<pajeeHMa c o6u1.1ajHMa tta JcpeM1-1jcn.a.att, an11 y MalbOj
MCpH, a TO ce HJl34C 11ewaea Hy CBHM llPYrHM npllJIHKaMa:
.na ce CJICMCHTH 1-13 jc.11uor KOMIUICKCa cnajajy Ii npenn1d;.y
c CJICMeHTHMa 113 .a.p yror KOM1111CKca.
III
CcM THX BCOMa pacnpocrpait>CHHX pa.!Ilba Koj e 3Ha\!C
Mal)11 jCKO re palbC 3MHja Oll ttaceJba H Kyl'ia, Kao H KOna1bC
3CMJLe H H3pa11e 1.1penyn.a II .llPYrHX npcJ.tMeTa meHCKe
KCpaMHKe, pamt.a Koje cee ttMajy KapaKTCp npocl>HnaKce ll
0116pa11c Will llCH33.3HB31ba 3Ml-lja Kao XTOHCKHX ,11eMOHa
HJIH CIUla, i!Jlll yonurrc THX CllJJa, l!Ma jow 'IHTIIB HH3
paJJ,lb3 II TI16ya KOjll cy y ee3H ca crpaxoM Oil 3MHja H KOjH
cy y>«cr per11011a.rmor HJIH no1<anttor KapaKTepa. 311a1.1aj-
HO jc Aa ce cycpeli.y nornaeuro y ByrapcKoj H cyceJ,tHHM
cpnCKllM Kpaj eBHMa, 113Y3CTHO H y Jl3,JbHM cpnCKllM
Kpajen11Ma.
TaKO ce y Eyrapc1<oj tta JepeM11jca.na11 ceje Ky n yc (•3C-
nc •) na 6tt ce caeHjao 1<ao wTo ce 3MHja cae11ja; u e
npoena4e ce 1<0 HL111, He ca;::i;11 ce u He nen11 ce 11uwTa -
CBC paJJ,H 0116pauc 0.!I 3Mllja; MOMl.{H H .11eeojKC llJlY II 6ep y
H j e.a,y 6cn11 JIYK .na HX HC yjene 3MHja HJllt, aKO HX yjeJ,te,
na 11x He n 03Jlenn .n Y OKO.l'lllHH 6on.eeQa (HCTO'IHa Cp6H-
ja) cea1<11 KOj H HOCH 6pHTBY 33TBOPH je yO'{H J epeMHjce~
11a11a II Ha JcpcM 11jce.uatt je !IC OTBapa ll ft.OM HllWTa llC
CCI.le .11a He 6 H 3MlljC yje.nane: KO 611 ror .11aua OTBOpHO
" Ilenp)KltCTp0011th::KM100T1to6M"'j1t . ,244-241 .
"Jl. M>pMMOll:MH.JltJ>0, ~7 .
=====;;;;29•=====;;;;
6puTsy, ua lbCra 611 Tp4 ane 3Mnje ca pa3jan.n.e11HM ycrH-
Ma. )l{eue ce HC qew.Jb3jy 36or 311u1ja. Tpe6a na3HTII Aa ce
TOr JJ,a11a 11c ey4e p m1a OA ona11aKa HJut OA 1.1apane, .o.a ce
HC 61-1 33 lbttM BYIUIC 311111je.J ~ TaKBO eepoealhC - lUl ce
ror JJ,atta 33 ti OBCKOM 11e ey4e nojac IUlll onaHaH - 336cne-
me110 je u y 01<omnm Deel)em1jc.u Y Pa3roj 1m (6. 01<pyr
Bpait.e) m 11<0 ror ,!la 11a uehe 1111 na 113 r osopu peq 311-mja . 56
n opc.n pa:lHHX JJ.pyrnx o611qaja, y JJCCKOB34KOj Mopaeu
ce aeua •Majy• roj iYTPa: jeJUIO noeu<1e .1tpyro .na BHJUI
KMHKa j e 3MHja. AKO cc TO Aett npeeapn H 01<pe11e,
MHcnehn lUl h e BH.tleTH 3MHjy, JleTe Hoje ra je Il03B3.JIO H
npeeapuno, 0111.{e My: •Maj, Maj 33 1<paeaj! • •3a."aja110 •
ACTC fo11i.e Ta.KBO npeKO UCJIC I'OAllllC. 51
Y .U. 611pqy (6oc11a) cMaTpa cc .a.a je JepeMHjcena.11
noceekeu 3~mjaMa H .na 3MHje ror ,!laua cnaee. Kojtt ror
)J,3113 Hil3K yxeaTtt BOJIOBC y japaM .aa paAH c H>ttMa,
OOJICTC r y J+m y " CTaBH BOJIOBHMa Ha por oBe. SI
Y 01<0nmm 6H11 ehe je JepeMtt jenn;aH pami je npa3HOBaH
" Hm<O Tor .i:ta11a m1je XTeO llH'IHM n;a y6o.Qe y 3CMlhY (Hnp.
panoM), Tj . J:t3 pa.QM 0 3CMJblt, ;:ta 3MMjC HC fot yje,nane
CTOKy. CnH'lHO H y enco1.1Koj uaxttjtt y IiocHtt, r.i:te npaeo-
cnaeHH Ha jepCMHjCB;:taH HC pa.l{C HlfllJTa nrJIO,\I, yonwTe
HltlllTa HC 6o.ny, .Qa 3Mltje HC 6tt lllKO.Qttne CTOQH.s 9
.UoK ce y TMM panlba.\1.a H n.6y ttMa y creaptt pa.llH o
npo¢>ttnaKTH'IHHM MepaMa on 3Mttja, HMa o6tt1.1aja, yrnae-
HOM y DyrapcKoj, KOJl KOjHX HCMa BHAHC BC3e ca 3MHja.'ila.
IlOMeHy hy HX IlOTil YHOCTII pa,ntt. Y SyrapCKoj, KO HMa
rywy, H.Qe ror naHa y non.c J:t3 je Mal)ttjCKH ne<rn; y
OKOJIHHtt Ka.JaHnKa epno paHo npc1<ajy MJICKO no poettoj
Tpaett J:t3 6H CTOKa ttMana BHWC MJICKa; y ceny K 1mcyp 11
KO.ti Konptteurrm.tc ror .i:tatta pa.no n11 jy nenttH " MJICKo; a
y OKOJJHHlt TYTpaKatta (ceno Byrapc1<11 K ocyi) ror .QaHa HC
"Caaanli< f !!&<h:,..•.lKll0.6S.
"Ctt..,T""°""": ..... lKllQ,70.
'"M. M. Bt-h: 06oo,..i• M . .. - .... "' P-..j.,., Ch<pyr
XXXll ,~ 192$,)96.
::~M<t>M..;,;.:::,M~-=--~b.t.xv,~19-tO,l7
" MIUI. C. <l>K.•M-MIO: )f(Jo"°" M o15M,..jM ... po.llHM y 8JlC0'<1roj HUKjM. CE3,
LXI, 6<orpt.~ 19'9, lJ.I.
=====;;;;29s======
Mece xne6 H n oj en;e ce cee urro ce 33TC1me xnc6a y Kyh 11
.na HHWTa !IC OCTaHe 33 CY"fpa - .1{3 }f{HTO HC y6yl)a. • 0
y MaKCAOHHjH, y OKOJillHH Deel)enttje, nope.Q Tora WTO
ce TC paj y 3M ttj e, onpmaea cc 1.1HTae ttH3 pa3HHX rn6ya:
}f{CllC He w11jy, He Kpne , HC CCKy, a Hapot1HTO HC OJJ;Mepa-
eajy creap11 y .a;y>t<ttHy, jep 61t 11a cea1<0.\\ KopaKy cperane
3MHje. 3antM, tte n;ajy cc creap1t H3 Kyke 11a nocnyr y,
11apo'l1tTO HC anaT. 4 oBCK TpC6a Jt3. fl331t .l{a cc HlllllTa
( no jac llJIH ona11aK) !IC B)"tC 33 lbHM Jt3. ra HC 61t CTIUlllO
npaTttJie 3M11 jc. 61 Y OKOntttttt CKollJba (ceno Jl.patieeo)
pa1111je cy ror .QaHa npe CyttQa Konan11 KyKypeK 33 ne1.1e1bC
6onccr11 6Y"fypa KO.It KOH>a,u a y MapHjoey je ror .naua
crp11r oeaua. 0 Y necKoeat1Koj M opaeH, no pen re paH>a
3,\\Jtja, apwe ce Ha j epeM11jeena11 jow oee P3JJ.lhe: pauo ce
11.l{C no BO.QY ca TCCTHjaMa Ka.a; ce OKJtTC BCH'll!li.HMa O.Q
Tpaec JICilKa, " MJICKO, IlOMy3CHO ror .1{3113, HC MyYC, HC
KHCCne, 11e cupe, 11ero caMo cKyeajy H Ta1<0 no1<ycajy;
»<cue y r paAy Jlec1<oeuy cacrajy ce y rpynaMa 11 np1tpcl)y-
jy BCCCJhC."
Jcm1a 3611p1<a n ccaMa" om1ca cpnc1<nx 061t1.1a ja noMlllbC
II llClllTO APYK tinjc TCKCTOBC 3a repa1bC 3Mn.ja, KUO ll HCKC
11apOt11tTC o6n <rnje, unp. n ywTalbC llH3 eo,ny nyrKHllC on
n pyl\a Hnl1 CnaMe 3B3HC t Majat, y OKOJillHH npu3pe11a.u
nucau je IH!a'le BPIIO !ICKPHTlt'latt H flOlllTO lhCroBa K3311-
Balh3 11eMajy nOTBPJlC c ,npyre crpatte, ttc Mory ce p 1t,\\an1
y ofuup, 113KO llltCY CllCBl-IM 6e3 IlOAJIOl'C.
Ha fnac1m 1<y y 6oc1111 npanocnaeH11 Ha JepeM11jee.QaH
cejy KOHOHlliY i .Qpyrnx o61tt1aja ttc111a. 66 0611'laj j e 11 y
neetiy 11 TeM11111i.y na ce ua Jepe.v111jee,na11 ceje K0-
11onn.a.u
.. .l{. M•p•-: HM.~ 467 .
••er...., T - Mh:...,.a.....,70.
~ ~~<;., t":.:::!;.~~~"':·~·M::'!ioooy. f:iacMM• Cl!Jl, XIV,
C-.-i9JJ,161.
BJWM"<ll. CE3, "!1Jwyn<11 M.°E.opl)06Mh:HM.,UJ1D, )S6-J37.
1
~'.N~C.MMJ>C>i<aMll:Il«JOCMofio<._.y><yllM<)r,..po.uq>6<""", I . ~
r3:i , ~.~~; i,~i<':'~~~~NCO~>O<Ml>MJ' " °'*""i""" MafM1CMMUY.
"CnMOi< M•iOf'Ol<Mll : OC... ... jMcpncororMopo.a.a ... , IOI.
======296======
IV
roTOBO cayrJI.e rJie je y 6anKa11cKHM 3eMJbaMa 04yea11a
>t<eHCJ<a t<epaMm<a - H3paJJ,a Hetmx KepaMwnmx npo-
HJBOJl.a 6e3 yncrrpe6e rptt<rnpcJ<or 1<011a - 1<ao npaeH
1<ykHH pa.a:, 1<0nalbe 3eMJbe H MO)leJIOBalhe l{peIJy.lba HAP·
tt3paljee11Ha epnrn ce y on;pelje110 A06a ro.u1me, na <ia1< 11 y
OApel)e11e ttatte. Haj'lewhe je TO JepeM11jeell,att, 6ltJ!o .ua
ce Ha Jepe1omjeeL1aH caMo Kona H npHnpeMa JeM.n.a, fomo
JJ,a ce MOJl.e.nyjy upenyJbe, HJIH .ua ce TO cee o6asJba ror
.tt,atta. TaHBH 06J.14ajH ena.najy y eemmoM .u:eny EyrapcKe,
y eeli.eM Jteny Ma1<e,a;o11Hje, 38THM y 11e1<HM 1<pajee11Ma
jy>KHOr noMOpaeJba H KocoBCKO-~tTOxttjCHC 0611aCTII,
aJIH TlU<O r1a romeo y CB3KOM I<P3JY HMa H HCI<a oco-
6HTOCT.68
Kao WTO caM pa1mje H3IIOMCHyo, y HCKHM I<pajeettMa H
MYCJHIM3HCKO CTaHOBHHWTBO KOIIa 3eMJbY 3a upenyJbe
Ta1<01)e Ha JepCMHjCBJl.3H.
Te paJlJhC, ofo:1<rnj1:1 H eepoealha o m1cam1 cy y noje1m-
HOCTH.l!a y MOM OOMeHyrOM )leJiy, r)le je HaBe11eua H JlHTe-
pa-rypa, YKOJI HKO cy 110J].al.(H y3HMalltt H3 JIHTepaType.
OeoM npHJittl<OM 110Tpe6no je ttcratm caMo ncKe Hapotm-
Te noje,!lHHOCTH H3 Tor KOMl1JlCKCa y l<OM ce je11na 11apo-
'll!Ta TeXHOJIOrnja Be3yje ca KYJITOM npopoKa JepCMHje.
y J1a6yHttllITy y oxpHJ].CKOM .UpHMKOJIY (MaKe,[\OHHja)
1..1penyJbe Mory .i:.a ce npase He caMo ua JepeMHj CBAaH Hero
Mory ,!la ce npaBC ll y 11pyro BpeMe, caMO WTO ceAMll'IHH
JiaH MOpa 6HTH yropaK HJIH cy60"ra, 69 a Tll )laHH cy, oco6H-
TO cy6oTa, y HajTCWlhOj BC3H ca KYJITOM MpTBHX. Ta1< 0
HCTO 3Ha<1aj n o je ua ce y ne1<HM 1<pajemrna ( ManeweBo,
OKOJll!Ha C1<onJba, KocoBO, OKOJll!Ha MaHaCTttpa Co11ofiana
OJlHOCHO H oBor Ila:iapa) 3a npaeJbelhC u_pe11yJba rne.i:.a H
Ha MeCC'ICBC cPa3e, a KYJIT Mece1..13, Kao WTO je 1103HaTo,
HMa ll3pa3WTO XTOllCI<H KapaI<Tep.
Ilope.i:. Tora, 11ocroje tt pa3HH Ta6ytt I<OA I<OIIalha :Je,l\Jbe
H MOACJIOBalhll I<epaMH'IKHX npoH3BOJ].a 'f }f{CHCKOj Kepa-
[JO: tt.":'· C. ¢>HJIMIJOBHll' )f(c""~ l«pa>IMK:I ']9,4l, 44-.c;, S., 76, 87, 114,
" n ... 11<.no, 133
======291======
MHl..IH, KOjll cy y BC3H c KYJITOM MPTBHX, a Tll cy: ce .ua
IIOCJle CMPTH je1111or y1<yllaHHHa 3a ne1<0 BpeMe !IC rpa,ue
upeIIyJbe y roj 1<ylltt 11 ua n,penyn.e ne IIpase mene 1<oj11Ma
ce ne 11pme, YMHPY Jieua. 7°
Je.DaH no.i:.anI< ll3 liyrapcKe IlOKa3yje HCJ:{BOCMHCJICHO
1-tJlCjHy li reHeTCKY BC3Y THX Ta6ya ca 3MHjaMa. HattMe, y
6yrapcKoj je 0611<1aj ,na cBaKa Maxana y ceny noce6Ho
npHIIpeMa :JeMJbY H H3pal)yj e l.(penyn.e. ToMe npucycreyj y
CBH H3 Maxane. Csa1<0 KO paAtt y noJby rne.na .Da crane na
fuiaTO 3a QpenyJbC )la CTCKHC HMYHl-ITe-1" 0)], 3MHjCKOr yje)la .
Jep, KO je rastto TO 6naro lhCra na nero Helle MOllll ll,a
yjeJte 3Mttja, MaKap H crao Ha lhy.7'
v
Bell y cpe.DlhCM eeKy 611no je I<OJJ. nae noK ywaja .Da ce
o6jac1rn KYJIT IIpopoKa JepeMttje y BC3ll ca 3MHjaMa. } CAHO
TaKBO o6jaWlhClhC, BCOMa 3aHllM1bliBO, jecre OHO WTO ce
npH'la y cpnrnoj peuaKl{Hjll Cpe.lllhOBCKOBHOr pOMaJia 0
Ane1<caH.DPY BenttKOM: 6aw Ka.a je IIpopoI< JepeM11ja yMpo
y JepycanHMY 11 Ane1<caH,11.ap o6aeewreH o TOMe, .DOJiaae
MY 1bY.llll. ll3 Ane1<caHApHje, I<Ojy je OH OCHOBao, H Tyme ce
KaI<O ne Mory JJ,a }!{HBC OJl 3MHja I<Oje H3Jla3C ll3 HHJJa H
y je,uajy tt Mope 1bYJ1C. Ane1<caH.Uap npe11opy<1yje IIpeKO
THX l13aCJiaHttI<a CTa!IOBHlll{llMa ArleI<CaH,ll.pHje .Da y rpa.n-
CKC 31-lJlOBC Y3ll)lajy y o6JIHKY Kpcra I<Octl-1 npopo1<a Jepe-
MHje, 0 'IHjoj je CMPTH AneKCaH,ll.ap o6aeewTeH 6aw npe)l
JlOJI33aK ror H33CJI3HCTBa, jep f lbCroea MOJlllTBa je)l 3Ml-lj-
CKH BH.Da , 72 HosaKOBHh HapO'll-ITO HCTl-l'IC .Ila Tora OJlJ]OM-
1<a n eMa y crapHM rp'II<HM TeKCTOBHMa HHTH y cpnCKllM
npeBOJlHMa noeorp<11<or TeI<CTa npttnoseTI<C o AneKcan-
llPY Bcn 111<0M H ynyllyje Ha Hawe 11apoJIHO ecpoealhC 1<ao
Ha ll3BOP TOMC OllJIOMKY ll CMaTpa ll3 cy TH o611•rnjH
" n .... 11<no,126-l30
"D.M•pM1•01>:Hall.l1<JI0,466.
"CTo.o>I H0&•HOllHll: Opwno....,Ho o Am'1«:• H;lpy S..nHH""'. 6«;n-pa.o 187K
XXXl-XXXTl , 144.
======29s======
crapuju O.Q I!pnnoBeTHe o A.rie1<cam1,py. 73 Hmm, caup»<H-
Ha rora OWIOMt<a je T3!<B3 .na 011a HCCYM!h llBO ynyhyje Ha
KlbttWHO nope1u10: HaHoHCHy 1urn ano1<pu¢lHY xamorpa<f>-
cHy ;rnn:paTypy.
Ilpopo1< JepeM11ja, Hojtt je >1mseo y VI s. crape cpe,
'-HlllHO jc pa311a npopOT.13HCTBa Jcspejm1a, KOjHMa OHH
HHCY foum YBCH 33LlOBOJbHll. Jeepejlt cy ra np11Mopami 11a
cc CMJIOHH y EnmaT, r.nc jc »nrneo 4en1p11 romme, na cy
ra Y Emrrry j espcjtt 1<a~1ettoea1m. ErmdtaHH cy neoMa
IIOWTOBaJm J epeM 11 jy. CMaTpaJm cy ra 4y,!.IOTBOpHHM Ii
no lhCfOBOj CMPTH. Tipax H3 lbCfOBa rpo6a Y3HMaJHl cy
Hao JICH uponrn yje.Qa 3Mttja: rn .r:ta11ac MHOrH xpttw-
haHtt n pH3HBajy y MOmlTBH npopol{a JepCMHjy IlpoT~B
3Mttj a ~ ."
.Uo BC3111l31ba HYJJT3 ripopo1<a JepeM11je ca HYJITOM 3MHja
.QOWJIO je, 04HfJIC.QHO, HCf.QC 113 CTp3Hll, na je Ta BC3a Kao
rorosa npe11cTa 11a Ba.JIKaH ca xp11whaHCTBOM H xp11mhatt-
C1<0M xarnorpa¢c1<0M mncpaTypoM, rnaBHHM lllTHBOM y
cpe,!\lhCM BCl<Y' H a TO 110BC31lBalhe Morno jc HMaTH 11c1<0r
ymuaja If jC,llHO nopel;c1bc ca r JtaCOM 3MJl jHlhHM 1<0.ll
caMor JcpcMHje (Jep., XLVI , 22). C )lpyre crpaHc, 11pttno-
BCT1<a 0 Ane1<caH,!\py BcmrnoM, BCOMa OMHJbCHa SICICTHpa
1<0.D Cp6a y cpc.Q1hCM Be1<y H .QOllHttje, Morna je 11 ca caoje
crpaHc yrnuam H Ha 11011ynapHcalhC l<YJITa 11popo1<a Jepc-
MHjc, jcp jc JepCM!fja y lhOj namtta JIH'lHOCT HOH cc Jann.a
Anc1<ca11.o:py y cuy <1CTHpH 11yra H JIH'IHO 6narocHJb8
Alle1<caH.o:pa y JcpycannMy. 75 A Ha uameM .QaHallllhCM TJIY
611no je, 1<81{0 H3rJIC)la, BCOMa pa3Bttjc110 IIOWTOBalhe 3MH-
ja 11 11pe .o:onac1<a Jym1111x Oionetta 11 npe xpHlllhaHcrBa.
Mel;ynu.1, ymuaj E116Jmje 11ocpc.o:crsoM LIPl<BC H UPHBCllC
mlTCpaType Ha CTBapa1be 11apo'IHTOr 1<yma 11pop0Ha Jepc-
MHjc 11a ttallleM TJIY uecyMlhHB je. Upenyn,e 611 ce Morne
npaBUTJJ H y .o:pyrc )l8HC CCM ua JepeM11 jeB.o:a11, Ila cc y
HCl<HM HpajCBHMa H upaBC.
n pouana3aH pa31111x eewnrna 11p111111cyje ce nojeAHHHM
HYJITYPHHM xepoc11Ma, <mjy cy ynory y xpHwhattCTBy
" ltas . 11~»<>,XXX!t
" En11<:.wi1 0.pH;lCkM llHJ«>naj: 0.p"'1C~H IIOJJor. llHw 1928, )29.
"CT<>j•H ll<>1<•~01J Hh: ka8.ll<00, 46- SO,S7,6), 126-128.
======299======
npcy3eJIH CBCUH, na cy Ollil IIOCTaJIH 011.o:a H 38lllTllTllllUH
noje,!\HllHX 38HaTa H 38H8TC1<11x opr a11113auHja. Hntt ce
11a1<Hati;HO y CBCTHM l<lbHraM8 Tpa>1<1tJia T81<B8 BC38. rpaf}e-
ll>C LIPCIIyJba je BCOMa crapa TCXHHHa, 1103HaTa BCh OA
HCOJIHTa. n peHOlllClhC TOr pa,!\8 Ha ,lla!I CB. j epcMHjC y
11c1<HM o611aCT11Ma H3Bpllletto je 110.0: yntL1ajeM u p1<B C HJIH
11enocpe,ll110 110.!\ yrnuajeM E1161111je ycne,!\ rora lllTO cc y
l<lhH3H 11popo1<a JepcMttje 3CMJbatto cyl)e H lhCroBa HJpa-
.o:a 110.'lntlhy Ha Bllllle Mccra (XVIII, 2-6; XIX 1- 15;
XXXII , 14) 11 TO tta T81<aB Ha•nm .o:a je O'lltrJlC.!UIO A8 je
JepcMttja 6110 ,a;o6po Yll03HaT ca THMC, a1<0 H caM MOm.o:a
Httje TO pa.QHO.
ITOWTO j e xp11whaHCTBO 11aMa .QOWJIO nocpe,llCTBOM rp-
Ha H 8H3aHTHje, O'!Cl<llB8JIH 611CMO, caCBHM npttpO.QHO, )l8
cy u a.-.i npCHCTI! c TC crpa11e H CJICMCHTI! 11apo,a;c1<or l<YJJTa
npopoHa J cpe~rnj e. l13rne;:i:a, Mel)yrttM, ;:i:a rora yonwTe
HHje 6HJJO. Ko.o: fp1<a ce I. ~18j BCOMa MHOro np83Hyje H
CBC'l8HO npocnaBJba y 11apo;:i:y,76 ann HCMa IIOMCHa .Qa 611
TO 6HJIO y 1<a1<soj BC3H ca JepeM11joM II 3MHj8~18. KapaHTC-
pllCTH 'IHO jc .o:a ce HH1<a1<BH o6tt<Jaj11 H BCpOB8!h8 y BC3ll c
npopOHO,,\ JepeMttjOM H lbCrOBl!M ;:i:aHOM HC llOMHll>Y HI! y
onw ttpHO.-.i omi cy 0611 <Jaja H3 rp<i1<C M31<e,a;oirnje, o6nJcr11
rp41<0-CJIOBCHCl<C Cl!M6l!03C, rrte ce Ta1<olje Ha ,a;aH I. Maja
H3BO)l.C OIIWTa BCCCJb8 H pa3Hll o611'1aj11, .IIPY1<'1l!j11 HCro
l<O.!l J y>1<11ttx Ci10Be11a. 77 l.lmbCmiua A8 ce 1<0,a; fp1<a 38
11popo1<a J epe~mjy o.0:11ocHo Jep e,,u1jea.na11 11e ae3yjy ae-
pona1h8 11 pa.r.t1be 1<aHBC Hana3ttMO HO.!\ J y>l<Hl!X Cn0Be11a
MO}l{J:\8 6tt ce Morna o6jaCUHTll THMe .ua y rp'll<llM 3CMJb8Ma
npOJicfie Hacry11a pa1111je H 3MH je nocTajy paimje onacuocr
HCro y 1<pajCBl!M8 A8JhC Ha CCBepy; TO HCTO MO>l<C ,!\a samtt
11 38 1<onaJbC 3CMJbC H npaBJbClhC 1~pe11yJba, y1<omrno rora
jOlll HMa H0.0: r p1<a.
l.f111bC1111L1a .o:a je CTapoJaBCTllll npopoH JepeM11ja 11a-
uwao 11a ache nornTOB8JbC 1<0.0: J y>1<H11x CnoBeHa 11ero 1<0.0:
f pi<a, 1<oj11 cy ttM nocpe,llOB8JJH y 11p11Ma11>y xpttwl'iaHCTBa
H Eu6n11je, Morna 611 cc Mom.o:a o6jacnttTH Beko,'11 pes11om-
"Gror11< Mrpo: Gr«k C.kr>dar Cu"°"''· Athens 1958, 116-1 21
46 9
~: ~. P. Al>boc : Moccdonian Folklore. C.mbridge, at The Univcnit~ Preso, 1903,
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;= 100 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;==:;==:;=
hy MHCHOl!apa H UPKBC HOjH cy He CaMo 113MCTaJIH KYJJT
n H'IHOCTil H3 Cnpor 33BeTa H H3 HCTOpnje xp1twtiaucrea
H llPHBe 11ero H o6pa3JJO}l(Clba TOMC , na o.n ro ra IlOCTaJJH
Mll Orli ,II,3H3WlbH •11apo,!1,H H • o6Ht-JajH H nepoealha.
6ru10 je no1<ywaja .na cc o6jacm1 11armo KYJIT npopoKa
JepeMHje HOA Cp6a, OJlHOCHO HOA E yrapa.
lll ueaajc je H3BOl)ea.a Mal)HjCHHX Pa.lllba pa.Qi! 33WTllTC
o.n 3.'tHja 6aw ua Jepe11m jee11:a11 o6jaw1t.aoao jc.n11ocrae1to
CJJH'r nowhy pe4H 3M11ja - JepeM11ja. 71 Ta1mo CHMIUJHQtt-
CTil'IKO o6jalllJbClbC cc !IC MO>KC npl!MHTH 113 ABa rnaena
pa3Jlora: I ) Httje JepeM1tjee.na11 jeivum npa3HHH Ka.Qa cc
TO epurn., H 2) y Qp1rne110M HaJJCHAapy 11Ma jow ceernreJba
•mja cy HMCHa CJI H'IHa ca CJIOBCHCKOM pe<m 3M Hja - 3M H je
11np. JeeT1tM1tje, Je<P1tMuje, EeMetmje, n axoM11je u .np, na
cc 33 lbH X HC ee3yje K)'JIT 3MHja.
.U. Map1rnoe jc 61to MH WJbelba .ua je crpax o.n 3MHja
CTBOpHO .ro npa31lOB3H;.e JepeMHjceaana y '13CT 3MHja,
'ICMy .tta JC ,!1,0npHHCJIO H ecpoeaH.C A3 j c JIOUIC 33. l.JC.JbaJl
aHo cc 3Nm ja nojanu y Hytm. n pa311yjc ce Jcpc11mj a npeo
.ua 3MH j a uc yje.Qc •meeHa H, .Qpyr o, lla cc 3MHja HC n ojam1
79
y Kyl;.u. H11 TO o6j awlbClbC HC MO)f(C u ac 33..QOBOJbHTH.
CTpax Oll 3MHja It H>HXOBO TIOWTOB31bC cy nocrojrum It
npe uero WTO cy 11a111H npeJ.U! ca:man1t 33 npopoHa Jcpe-
MHj ~. c APYn: crpa uc, It jy>tCHOC1IOBCllCHa ecpoealba 0
3MH)aMa HllCY JCAHoo6pa3Ha: H3HO BJI3,[{a crpax O.Q 3Ml!ja
(na II OA 6e3a3JICHHX ryurre pa), 3MHjc, na H OTpOBHC, HHC Y
YBCH 3J1C HllTH cc YBCK OA6Hjaj y. HanpoTus! 8 CJ1HJ<O jc
nowi:oeaH.C 1<yl\11e 3MHjc, J<Oja .cc H3CCJIH y 3HllOBHMa
HC•mie Hyl;.c, ll T3Klla cc 3MHja HHJC HH y6tt jana HH TCpana.
3arnM, HMa npum!Ha Aa cc 3MHjc CMaTpajy 1<ao Ao6po'lll-
HllOLtll, na ce ca >f<Y,!l,lbOM H crpaxonOWTOBalbCM O'ICKyjy,
Hao ttnp. I. "9. Mapn ( no crapoM 1<ancH,Uapy) y 0 1<ommH
C~oll.1ba. Hujc TO 1111urra 11eo6Hl.JHO 11cro je <1a1< pe,!1,oena
noiaea y BCpcKHM npe.ncrasaMa H Malj11jCKH M PaJltt.aMa Jl3
cy JlCKa 6Hha ( pea1111a HJIH 33MHWJbCHa) HJIH npe.QMeTH y
HCTH Max H CBCTH H l!Cl.JHCTH, H A06pH It 3J1H npcMa
boli:::.'!'.'c::.~~~7:~ i~':"ndri .. dn Volklglaub<n• und Volkob111udi• d<r S..·r-
'" 11. M•P"- : Ra• . .K.'IO,-.
====== 101======
:1,y.!(11111a. lUTO cc p33HC Malju jcHC Pa.£llbC OpoTHB 3MHja
o6anlba j y nomaBHTO y flOMCHyre .r:taHe, TO je pa3yMJbHBO:
TO cy npoct>HJiaKTifl.JHC Mepe na rtOl.JCTKY CC3011C Ka.JI l;.e
3M11 je no•1ern Aa ce jaeJbajy, 1<ao WTO ce pa3He n pocf>HnaK-
TINUC pa,!1,H>C npO'rttB ey1<oea H3BO.QC y U03ny jcccH H
TIO'IC'Tlll< 3HMC, l<aJJ. OO'llllhC BpeMC Kana OpeTH eeka ona-
CHOCT OJI BYKOea.
lloWTOnatt.e 3Mttja 1mje yonwre orpaHH'ICHO C<L\\O ua
Cp6e 11n11 J y>tC tte CnoeeHe: H>11x HMa roroeo 1<0.r:t ceux
uapo.Qa 11a ceery H 0110 j e yonurre crapttje OA xpmuhatt-
crea. Bpno je eepoeaTHO .r:ta cy npeH Jy>t<HH CJ1oee1m HJIH
6an1<a/ICKH crapocc.r:tCOLtlt ( HRH o6oj1t) HManH HCHH npa-
3HHI< y nponel;.e HOjH je 6 HO noceeheH 3MHjaMa Kao XTOH-
CKHM >t<HBOTHH>aMa, na cc llOLtHHje Taj l<OMOllCHC pa36uo y
TOM CMllCJIY Aa ce llCTC pa.QlbC H3B0.QC Ii y llPYr'e nponeh11c
Jia11e ( linaroeecnt, llpeH MaPT, JlaaapeeJiaH, Ueern 11
Jlp.) 111111 caMo y llCHH OA THX APyrHX Aa 11a, Ha llITO cy
Olllta )'TllllaJIC H KJ1HM3TCKC rtpllllliKC nojC,!l,HHH X o6nacrn:,
YCJIClt Hoj 11x ce 3MHje He nojaeJhyjy cay.Qa y l!CTO npeMe y
n ponehe .
H e ca'°''° no nawcM 11apom10M ecpoea1hy ucro H no
BCpoBalhY MHOrHx Jlpyrux 11apo.r:1a, 3MHjC Ii H>l!Ma CJIHl.JHa
6111ia cy uaj'lcwhe oeannolieH>a 11n1t o6nHQll 1<ojc y311Majy
JlYWC npc.aaKa. Te JlYWC Mory 6HTH 3JIC H[nH) 6.naroHa-
KJIOHC npcMa >t<llBllM y1<yha11HMa. 0nHC311ll o611'laj11 Ii
ecpoaa1i,a 0 Jepe11111jCBJia11y nOKa3yjy C3CBllM jacno XTOH-
CKll Kapa1<Tcp uenora Kynrn. H aj6oJb11 na1< JlOl<a3 11 npH-
Mep 3a TO jc 0611'1aj 1<a1<0 ce npw11 y ce11y •B1111Q11Ma •
( B1t11<1H?) Ha .UyHany: y TOM ceny cea1<a JlOMalmua np1ma-
1m yo1.1 11 JepeM11je e,1tatta 11 ua JepeM11 j eena11 no BOllITallH-
llY, II TO CaMO Ha BaTPH c OrlhllWTa, n a ic o6ucce 01<0 Kyl;.e,
n o 1<. C11Ma TpojaHoe11h, KOjH TO caonw -raea, cMaTpa Aa "
cnclla 11Ma 11cry cepxy 1<ao H nynlbaea, Tj . .Qa « 33.nnawe H
pacrcpaj y ACMOHH. •° C nopeJIHO je, y oeaj Max, Jia n11 je
Tal<BO o6jaWlhCH>e Tal.JHO. BowTaHHQa j e creap110 ie.tta11 O.Q
for THltX CJICMCH3T3 ll3 KYJIT3 Mpt'BHX Ko.a xptt w kaua. I1
======302======
lbeHO nan.e!he Ha orlhHWTY nope.ll paQHOHaJJHCTH<l.l<Or 06-
jaWlbeJhll ( jep je TO jewrna aaTpa Ha pacnoJJaraH>y) MO>He
ua HMa 11 11apo'!1n KynTHll 311a•rnj, nornro je 11e1<a.aa 6imo
ll rora .Ila cy MpTBH caxpa1Mteam1 no.a onhHWTCM.
IlpeMa CBCMy H3JJO>HCJIOMC, CBH B!l>KH H jH o6w-mjH l<OjH
cc 113eo.a;e 11a JJ,a11 npopm<a JepeMHje - na H 1<ona!he
3eM.Jbe 3ll Qpcnyn.e - o6enemja cy KYJJTa MPTBHX. Kat\O
ce Taj Kym eeaao 11 33 CB. JepeMHjy (jep ce l<YJIT 3MHja
spurn, y seatt c seposalbCM o 3MHjaMa, jow 11 tta I. ."!apT,
EnaroseCTI1, a y Eocm1 H Ha Jlaaapes.natt, UsCTH, Dyp-
l}es.o;aH H AspaMn jesJ,taH), 0 TOMC ce HC MOIBC 38 caa:a pelHt
m1wTa. BeposaTHO je H y npexpmuli.attc1<0 !lo6a KOll np-
eo6ttT11ttx 6an1<attc1<ttx Cnosetta H KOJl. 6a.n1<attc1mx crapG-
ce11enaua I. Maja HJUl THX Jl!IHa 6HO HCKH npa3HHH MpTBHX
ltnH 3MHja.
CHryptto je, Mel)}'THM, .ua pa:ma eeposa!ha H paJUhe 1-wje
ce o6ae.lhajy tta JepeMHjee.o:aH KO.Q npaaocnaBHHX 6a.rrnatt-
CKHX CnoaeHa HMajy caoje no'!eTKe y npexpmuhattCKHM
aepoaa!hHMa H pa.o:!haMa, crapHjHM 0,1:1 cpe,1:1!her eeKa, VIH
.o:a je H y lhHX, Kao 11 y 0611T.1aje 0 APYnIM npa3HHQHMa
{Iio»mh, Yc1<pc HTll.), ywno AOCTa cpeAlbOBe1<0BHHX o6tt-
•mja, na H 011 QpKBettor pHTya.J:1a. 81 EneMCHT QPKBettor
PHTya.J:la je .o:a ce CTHXOBH 3a ro !bCH>e 3MHja neaajy MCJIO-
.QlljOM <mja je OCHOBa MCJJOJUija no 1<ojoj ce neaa •[ ocno-
All, 110MHJJyj! • 82
'' cf. Jomph S>livtrffy. Some n<>tn on M odionl S<udieo ond
f\. merk• n fol~ lo..., , llo.1 . 73, 1960, 240
Fol~ ln...,,
.. l<ocn M • HQjnoHMh' tl O.~ . pOJl, ) 16
KYJIT
CTE¢AHA* ~ EqAHCKOf
HA OBqEM ITOJbY
Jle'laHCKH, KOjH je npoaeo AOCTa My<taH >KHBOT, jep je y
MJ!a.QOCTH 6HO ocnenJhCH a >KliBOT 3aBpWHO 3a.QaBJhCH,
pano je KallOHH30Ba!l y cpnc1<oj npaBOCJl3BHOj LIPKBH.
Kyn T KPaJb.3 JleqaucKor napo<mTo ce pa3BHO u o.o:pmao
110 11attac y AB3 Kpaja KOjH cy Mel)y co60M .QOCTa Y.QaJhCllll.
Ilpntt je Meroxttja, y 1<ojoj je rnaetta !heroaa 3a.QyJK6Htta,
no KOjoj H HOCH HMC, AllBHll M3HaCTllp Jleqa'ttu, r .o:e H
A3H3C JIC>Kl-l TCJIO CTect>atta Jle<taHCKOr. y TOM Kpajy Jle-
<1a11c1<or 11e caMo Aa nounyjy Cp6tt uero H Ap6attaCH. T aj
KYJIT je 11031l3T, HaKO 0 it.eMy HHje nttca110 AOBOJbllO, a 0
tt.eroay O.Qp>Ka!hy crapa cc H ca~IO M3H3CT11pCKO 6paTCTBO.
M11oro TOMC nOMa1t<y Ii BCJIH'l3HCTBCHOCT caMC 3aAy>1<6HHC
Kao 1-l MOlitt CBeTHTCJhene Koje ce HVl33e y lbOj , UITO je Ii
ca<JyBVIO TY 3a.Qy>K6llHY o.o: nponacrH 11cnpe.o: ap6aHa-
llIKor tta.Qttpalha y TOKY nocne.Q!ha .o:sa H no croneha.
Jlpyra o6nacr y KOjoj je pa3s tt je11 y sehoj MCpu ttapo-
'IHT KYJJT CTecPa11a Jle<rn11c1<or je n ooapAapje, me je
CTCcj:JaH Jle<taHCKll ttajnonyn ap1mjll cpncKH csCTaQ, no3-
11aT y H3poAy 110A HMCHOM cbeinu Kpa!b 1 • Y Ilosap.o:apjy
oneT l!Ma je.i:i:att Kpaj r.o:e je rnj KYJJT Hajja<te pa3BHjen . To
je Koinopuja wm Obtle iiofbe, 6oJhe pc'leno: Qcna o6nacr
U3MeJ:jy Bap11apa, Il'lll!hC H Epcran1111QC. Ma.na cy H Ha
Os'leM noJhy cpnc1<a ttacelba 1<pajeM XV II 11 y TOKy
XV II I H X IX s. 3HaT110 npopel)etta H Qp1<sa 3a KOjy ce
se3yje Taj KYJJT .o:ocnen a y pyrnes1me, unaK ce je y napo.o:y
noTnyuo o<tysao KYJJT osor cpncKor sna.napa H cser11re-
Jou rn.ot of 'l<••o i• <l>1<11>1110t1 •h 08.J>< ""'*' c~"'" JI•••""'"' a "" APl"'L" .. ecno1a,
• emke, Cf<4!ao<, mica,... ooor ""'"" yi<n H• •HnH ""'o CByiUI y Cr.¢.iH. (H an. yp.)
' Tn• . P. 'Eop l!C llH l!: M oo<c llO HHia . ~ 1929,169

Jba. KynT je foto TOmll<O j aK H TaKO .ny6oKO YKOpe!bCH y
uapo.ny .na jc 1910. r., .na1rne y .no6a TypCKc H er:Japx ttj e,
o6HOBJbella up1rna 3a Kojy ce ecpoea.rio .na je noceckeua
CB. CreQ:iaHy H lbCMY DOHOBa H3MClbella. Oeaj OB\ICOOJb-
CKH 1<ynT ca<1yeao je y ce6H Mttoro ttapo.nttor H nerett.nap-
u or, aJIH ce o lbeMY y uawoj 11ayttH H jaeHOCTH .no cana
3HaJIO eeoMa MaJIO. To MC je no6y,lllUIO .na OBC ro,nHHC
noceTHM eapo wm.1y Cn. Htt1<ony, cpe.n11wTC Oe<1er noJba,
H .na OOHWCM Taj KynT. Ma.na je QCJIOr BpeMeHa na.nana
BCJIHKa Kllllla, no6o>1<1111 nocentOl.lH cy ll3Bplllttn11 cee 0110
lllTO ce je Mopano H3BpwHrn 11 Morao caM y TC>Ky .nea .na11a
.na no6ene>1<HM HCKC nerett.ite H nocMaTpaM epwelbC
o6H<1aja.
Pol)~u OKO 1285. ro.n. Kao Cliff cpOCKOr KpaJba Mttn}'TH-
Ha, KOJH j e npowHpuo cpncKy ,np>1<aey 11 ua 3HaTaH .neo
n oeap,napja, ,Ue\laHCKH jC HMaO y >KHBOTy !lOCTa TCro6a.
Jolll Kao .nc<1aKa OT'aQ ra je 6110 nocnao Kao rnoua rnrnp-
CKOM xauy Horajy, r.ne jc ocrao .no 1299. K3.11 je MHnynm
re ro.wm c XTeO .na cc O>KCllll no \ICTBpTH n yr, lbel'OB 6paK
c AttoM, Majt<OM .Ue<1auc1<or , npornawe11 j e Kao ue:JaKO-
HHT, It crora cy H3BCCllH KpyroBH .Ue<1aHCKOr CMaTPaJIH
eaa6pa<1ttHM CHHOM. ro.n. 1314. c11tt ce .n~rao nporne oua,
aim JC DOJVICrao u n pe.nao cc ouy. Ornu JC ttape.11110 113 ce
ocnerrn, antt ra KpBHHK tt11jc nOTnytto n ttw110 BHJ1a. 0Ko
1320. epaha ce .Ue<1aHCKH y Cp6ttj y H3 Llap11rpa.na, r.ne jc
6Ho y 3aTO\IC1by, H 1321. OOCTa,ne Kpan.. Jc.nan o.n Haj3Ha-
<1ajHHjllX .nor al}aja H3 nna.naettHe .Uc<ia11cKor je no6e.na
HaJ.t liyrapuMa KO.It Ben6y>1<113 1330. ro.n1me, r.ite je Kot1a<1-
HO OWIY'l:Clta cy,n6tttta noeap,napja y KOPHCT Cp6ttjc 3a
QCO cpe.nlbH BCI<. nocnc Te no6e.ne HaJ.t 6yrapttMa KO.ll
Ben6y>t<.na, r.nc jc .Ue<1attCKH noKa3ao H cnojy ,np>t<aBHH\1-
KY My.QpoCT He XTCBWll .na npncajC,llllHH SyrapcKy ceojoj
.np>1<ae11, .QOWJIO jc )],0 Cyt<o6a H3Mel)y lbera H CHHa. MY
.Uy~ aH a . .Uc<tal!CKll je 61to n o6el)eH It 3aTO\ICll y 3BC<taHy,
r.ne JC H yMpo 1331. ro)],., no ceoj np1U111Q11 3aJtaBJbCH.
KynT Mpan.a .Ue<tattcKor uo<teo je .nocra 6p30 nocne
CMPTH My, ceaKaKo eeh y XIV e. Apx11enttCKOn .Uammo y
ceoj oj 61torpa<j:m j u t<pan.a M 11nynma r oaop11 cacm-iM
y t<paTKO o ocnenJbC!bY ,llc<ta11cKor (nj .norat',aj H u,eroao
====== Jos======
•HCQCJbC!be t cy OCHOBa KYJITa Ha 0B<tCM DOiby). no na-
1rnny, KOj H ne\laHCl<OM 1rnjc uat<nO!bCll, M11nyrHH je 1314.
nocnao ceor CHHa CBC3aHOr y Ct<OOJbC. t H DOWTO je
ceneo y TOM rpa.a;,y, nocna oeaj 6naro<1acr1m11 Kpan. 11eKc
B3.3Jby6JbCllC 0)], CBOjHx, H YXBaTllBWH ocnen1twe ra. t 1
3aTHM ra jc nocnao y Uapttrpa,11 y :JaT0•1elbe 1<0.n uapa
A11.npo111t1<a. Y 6ttorpa cfmj H .Ue•iaucMor aHOHHMllH Hacrae-
Jba"I .Ua1111noe caMo cc y no•11TKY n o311na ua Ka:mea11>e o
ocncrtrbClbY y M1U1yT1111oeoj 6ttor pa<fmjtt, 3 a 11a .npyr oM
MCCTY BCJIH KaKO 00 6o>t<joj Ao6poj BOJbH lle<1aHCKOM
11ttje eHJJ. 6110 o.ny3CT AO Kpaja. T o je 3ana:itto uap AHJJ.po-
HHK, KO.Q KOr je .Ue"!attCKH 6110 y 33TO<tC1by, arm, TO m1je
llHKO.\IC o6jas tto, .na cc .Ue4aHCKOM llC .no.na K3KB3 3Jlo6a,
H ca<1ysao ra je .itOK ra OTal{ M1myTllH 1mje nOMHnoeao. '
n owTO ce je ,Ueqa11c1<u epan10 ouy ( 1320), nao j e npc)].
u,era tHMajylrn OOBC3aHC O<rn ceoje, Kao WTO npHJEH'lll
CIICOOMCt. 5 fl OCTaBlllH KPaih .Ue<1at1Cl<H o6jaeJbyje .na MY
je noepal'icn mm 11 ronopn OHHMa KOj 11 cy ca !bHMC:
•CnylllajTc, Ba3Jby6JbeUH, llPllCHH Mojn .npyroett II 6paho,
II y3BCJlll'UITC r ocnoJia ca MHOM, KOjll HMa Cttny Ii KPC·
nocr, 113ao.nctm 11ac 01<oea11e MymacreoM. B1i.nttTc 11 il.HB11-
re ce, jcp ja, KOjH caM 6tto C11en, eeo ca,11a eu.nnM. ,• Ta ce
eecr 6p30 paw11pHJ1a no .np>1<aen , H ce tt JlOna>Kaxy eecentt
.na Bil.QC TO <ty)],O II .na cc OOKJIOHC Kpan.y. 7 ,Upyru 6 110-
rpact> ,Uc<ta11cMor, r p11rop11jc U aM6naK, 1111cao je ceojy
6uorpaqrnjy OKO 1408. ro)l,., JJ.at<ne Ha 77 ro;:uma nocne
CMPTll .Uc<ia11cKor , n y 1t.eroeoj 611orpaqmj11 ech HMa
.nocra ncrcunapttor, UITO j c AO Ka.3 .na jc y TO epeMc eek
6uo pa3911jc11 KYJET .Ue<taHCKOr . 3a O.llY311MU!bC BHJ13 .Ue-
l.fal!CKO.\I U aM6naK 01<ptteJbyje lberoey .11ahcxy CHMOHH.rty,
Koja j c ceoj 11M crrneTKaMa 11aee.na M 1m}'T1rna tta rn1<ae
llOCTynaK npeMa CHHy. 1 n o UaM6nat<y, .Ue<1aHCKOM jc
';f{NliMmlKpu.<" ... NOP ..l<llNC>O>nl""'""°"'®OPl1tCm1<"°"".lloMNJla!l,CKJ,
om.2H,9S
•tt... -...... 12J.
•ttu.-121.
'Hlll.-121.
• H• <»H•"""""~
'll&i0.11<no,lll-ll9
• CTapc: q>nci« ~ltOl'f>l<tnii• xv M xvn IOCKll. CI<3, K.... U S, S-6.
====== ioo ======
O,!l,Y3eT BH.il: Ha Oa•ICM nolby, rne je 6110 II xpa.l! CB.
H11KOJlaja. llell'311CKll jc ne>KaO H311CMOraO ll CKOpo MpTae,
II TCK npe.n. 30py ie j enea MaJIO 3aCnao. y CHY MY cc je
YK333.0 CB. Hm<o Jrn , 11occ h11 Ha CBOM JJ.CC llOM JlJJallY o6a
lbCr o1.1a H3eal}eHa 01<a, H pel<ao My: ·•He c1<p611, Cre$a11c.
Eeo 11a ,1tJia11y MOMC cy rnoje o<nt. t 9 Ha Hpajy nere roI.UmC
1bCroea 33.TO'-IC!t.a y Uap11rpaL1,y, yo'l.11 ca. HllKOJIC, nOCJ1e
MOJlllTBC y LIPKBll, ,!IOH cc je 'lllTaJIO ifotTJl je CB. H11KOJ1e,
Gre<J>a.11 cene II, yMopa11, 33,!l,peft13. YTO MY ce y TO.\! CHY
jae11 ce. H111<011a, 110JJ,cen1 ra 11a ceojc pc411 n3 npeor
jaeruuba Ii pe<Ie J.t3. je nocna11 ,!\a 113epw11 mTo je Ta.Ua
pCl<aO. 00.Qtt>t<C ra, lt 3'-l llHH ft!)' Kpcltl! 3 1131< Ha JlllllY,
.1IOTa1<aBWH ce 1<paj ca11Ma npcn1j y 0<1111y, na ra uecranc.
CTc<Pan cc npccrpaum, aJlll 11owauw11 cc611 rne.n.awe 1<ao
11 pa1mje. A1rn 1-1a l.lpKec 1t3al)c c nam1uo.'I, Kao wro
'llllbaUJC II Ka.A je 6 110 CJIC ll , ll CBC JlOK 1111jc nOCTao Kpalb
11wao jc c n3.JJHQOM II c y6pycoM npeKO 0•111 jy, 11a HllKO
1mjc 31130 ll3 OH Bll.QH. 10 l.111M je ca311ao 311 CMPT O'ICBy,
36a1mo je y6pyc c O'lll jy, II CBI! cy Tp<i3.JJH Jla ra BH.QC. 11
fl oc.ne je y oen mm j QPKBH Mattacrttpa Jlc4a11a carpa,n110
jymuo OJl BCJlllKOr OJ!Tapa ll OJITaP y CJlaBY H 'laCT C!l.
H11Ko11e. ' 2 3a pa3JJ11Ky o.n aHoH11Ma, UaM6JrnK aeh yHoc11
y 611orpactmi y .Uc•1a11cKor n npn'le o •1y,n11Ma 1<oja je
41111110 CTC¢ia11 Jle4a11cK11 nocne cMpn1 O.llHOCHo o 'IYJlHMa
H3.n lbCl'OBllM MOhl!Ma. flp oo llCQC.lbelbC Ha 111oh11Ma 6iuto
je llCQCJbCJbC Koje cc ACCllJIO K3A cy MOhH 11:maljeHe 113
3CM.lbe, pa1111 npenoca y LIPKBy: llOJlO>J<llBWll JlllQC Ha TCJlO
Kpa.lbeso, npornenao je 'IOBeK Koj11 je y ortbl!QH 113ry6tto
Ull.Q Ii KO r cy 6c3 ycnexa JlC'IHJlll JlCKap11 'ICTpllCCCT NJlll-
11a, TaKO .na je na JlC'IC!he noTpoWllO CBC CBOje HMalbe H
nocrao 6ecKyh1111K 11 npocjaK. u Ua1116naK 11311ocu jow nsa
'ly,ua rtte je .Ue1.1a11CKH crpawno K33HHO 011e t<0j 11 cy
'lm111m1 Hac11Jb8 lbCroooj 33Jlym6mm .Uc•rn1rnMa . 1• 01.11t-
' Hat1.JtC.•<>,7- 8
•• H oa.M~o,1 4 -lS .
" ll .... 1<<Jto,l8
" ft H . nuo,2l
" Hu . :icno,l l - ll
"ll•.JtC....,,3S-:l9.
===== ioi=====
rJIC.llHO je na je UaM6JJaK l.lpnao rpal)y HC caMO 113 m1caHH X
113uo pa HCro 11 113 11apoJt1tOr npe11atua.
0 OCJICllJbClbY .Ue'!allCKOr II 0 lhCronoM HCQCJbClhY ro-
IJOPH ce Ii y HCKHM crapttM cpnCKllM poJlOCJIOBtt Ma Ii
JICTOllllCHMa. flpeMa CBOM K33HB8lhY 0 .Ue<!"aHCl(Q.\\, Tl! cc
cm1c11 Mory no11em1rn y JlBC rpyne. Je,un y rpyuy <l"HHC 0 1111
1<0j11 cc y 1<a311salhy o Jleqa11cKO.'ll CJJ:lJ+[Y ca UaM6naKOM.
n o Umnt.eKOM 11CTOm1cy, 1<oj 11 cnima y crap11jc 11crom1-
ce, Sor je noepaT!IO B Hll .Ue1:1a11CHO.\I npe CMPTll OQ8 MY
Munynma II 33 TO llHKO HllJC 3Hao CBC JlOK .Ue<iaHcH_H
m1 je crynuo Ha npeCTO. u BamHO je .a.a cc llCTaKHC 11a JC
UCTH!bCKH Jteronttc je11111111 o.a. ce11x neT crapujnx JJCTOflll-
ca Ko j11 yomure noMmue ro ocnenJbe!he. n o flcjarosuk.e-
oy ponocnooy, Jleqauci<u je oKJ1eaCTaH, na , ra je OTIIQ
OCJICIUIO II nocnao y 33TO<IClhC. Ka.a.a cy ra BOIJ.tulll y
f p<l"Hy, npllllllKOM 0,!1,MOpa Ha 0B'ICM flOJb y, o.a.e .Ue<1aH-
CKll ,!18 ce llOHJIOHll UPHBll. flponnaHa npe.a. xpaMO.'ol, H
33cna. Y CHY MY cc jaa110 cs. H111<ona, 11oceh11 y pyuu
~~;:ca:c:Y7~~~~~~~:;:r~ :~03C~=~Y~o~c:c,a1;cu:~~:;;:.~~
0 110 wTO ce y naTl!llCKOM npeeo,ny 6paH1<01mhcsa 11eTO-
m1ca roeop11 o ocnenJbCtb Y Jle<1auc1<or 17 caMO je npeso.a.
O!l!IOCllO npenHC 113 6uorpa¢itt je OJl r . UaM6naKa. '
Jl pyry rpyn y 'lllllC CllHCll KOjll Ka»< y JJ,a je .Uc1.1aHCKO.\I
s paheu BttA Ha Oa\l"eM noJby, asm ce je TO JlCC11110 Kan ce
je 011 a pahao113 Uapll rpa.a.a y Cp611jy. n o Bep1<oe11l'ieey II
Ocroj11l>esy nerom1cy, 1<oj11 ce y TOM 1<a311ea1by nOTnyHo
cnamy, .Ue<1aHCKH je M1101-o crpa,nao. n ope.a ocranor, OTIIQ
ra je oc11em10 ll nocnao y 33TO<l"ClhC y Uap1trpa;1. Katt ce jc
nOCJJe ory11a spakao, ca. Htti<ona 111y jc JJ,apnoao BHJJ. Y
QPKBH 11a Os<1eM noJby. flo o6ehalh y, nOCJ1e jc ,Ue<1aHCKll
no.11.11rao TY LlPKBY ca. H111<om1. 11 P y1<om1c Bep1<0B11hcsa
nerormca je H3 XVIII e eHa, a py1<on11c Ocroj11kesa 113
XVII ee1<a, a.n11 cy o6a non:1<11a 113 11cror o pnr11Ha.na. 19
~i-11: CnpM cpllCKH ponocn<>BK H """"" "'" · Cptll<><H Kl)>JI08lU<
19l7,79,6p. 129.
" ft OR. nu<>,'9.6p,'.\6.
" Hu.11<,..,,US, 6p.l08l
" llu . -.192,6p.C97
" 11... - . u
CeaKaKo .ua je 11 oso Ka3HBalbC o BH.!JJ' ,Ue4aHcKOr nopc-
KJlOM 113 11apoAHOr npeAatbll, Kao 11 0110 y npeoj rpymt
cnuca, a 3Ua4aj Ho jc Aa o6e rpyne cnnca itora~aj ac3yjy 3a
On4e non.e.
y OCTa.JlllM p<>AOCJIOBllM3 II 11erom1c11Ma ue IIOMlltbe cc
Oe4e non.e. Y Pysap4eBy ponocnoey croj11 caMo ro1111Ko
.aa je ,Ue<1aHCKOM epaTHO BHA CB. H1JK011a, 10 a y Kapn o-
ea4KOM poitOCJJoey ( Koj11 311a .aa je U a1o16naK Hanncao
cny>t<6y II >t<HBOTOnllC .Ue4311CKOr) C3MO ce HaIIOMlllbC
KaKo •r oBopc • (•rnaroJbyT 6o •) .a;a je ,.[lc'{a11c1<0r oc11en110
OTilU MY 1<p11euuo1o1 n,eroee Mahexe, :um MY je Eor noepa-
TH9 Bit.II nOCpeAcrBOM BCJlllKOr 4YJl0TBOpua CB. HHKO-
JIC. ti ,.[le4311CKll JICTOllllC 113110Clt caMO ]la jc .Ue<1al!CKll
CTp!IJlaO OKJICBCTall o.a ceojc Mahexe C11Mom1ite.n
Ooeo.ua orrrpt<6aMa .aow111j11x nuca•ta npo-r11B CttMOtlll-
JlC .aao je caM .Ue43HCKll, KOjll y YBOAY y ceoje llOBCJbC, a
uapO'{llTO y YBOllY y noeeJby o ocmrna1t.y 11 nap11ea1hy
Ma11acr11pa ,.[le4a11a, 11cr114e Ka1<0 je 6uo >t<p-rea 1111Tp11ra 11
.n.a ra je OTilU OCJICOllO H 11e llCOllTaBlllH llCTllHy, a.rm MY je
nocne rocnoA BpaT110 e11A na 11arpM11 11>crony BCJlltKy
Jby6aB npcMa 11:.eMy.n
TaKo o .il,e4a11c1<0M 11 tt>erony BHllY 11crop11ja 11 CTape
nercttlle. ByK Kapa1,111h je 33.6ene>t<110 nerc11ny no 1<ojoj jc
,.[lC4311CI<ll OCJlCOJhCll y Ilp113pc11y. •Cp611 np1mom1JeAajy
.n,a jc ,Ue4a11c1<11 I<palb (nowro MY je orau 113B!IJlHO 0411 11
o6jecuo Ha KOHUY BIUIJ C rpaJlCI<llX span) ll3HW30 cm1jen
y WCTlbY H 3a rp!IJla (flp113pc11a), na ra cna:mo cs. Apa11-
~en II ca>t<!l.11110 MY cc, na ce CTB0p110 y op;ia II AOJlCTl\O TC
y1<pao u,croee 0<111 11311a.n; epan 11 gapobao MY 11x, 11 peKao:
,ogt'llU OllU'. On.Ila Kpan. npornenao, II Ha OltOM MjCcry
H34HllllO J1e'lla/le . . . " H A y OI<OJllUllt Jle•ia11a ce OllCT
Bepyjc .ua je ,Ue4a11c1m nporne.n.ao yM11 ew11 ce BOJlOM 113
jennor 113oopa Kpaj caMor Ma11acr11pa. H a OB<1CM noJby cc
np114ajy JlllC 11ere11AC 0 HCUCJhClbY J.le•ia11CKOI' (B. 0 TOMC
llll>t<C).
.. 11.... - . 5-4, tip. 16.
" 11..,. -,H,tip. 21 .
" Hw. 11t110, 196. 6p.Sl4
"P. Miklolich: Mooum<nta .. rbico. 89-90.
" 8fl<Cr. Ko~Kli.:Cp nt><Mpic'n<MM -.: ..........M.
n p11Bpe.U.HO H 3AMllHHCTp3THBH0 CC,[llllllTC Q94er nO-
Jba je Aa11ac Bapow11ua Cb. Hu1<01ia, ,11oc1<opace110, ca 2715
cra11os11uI<a (192 1. r o,11.). Bapow11ua je y cpenmm npene-
na Ost1er nolb3 1t11H Korop11 je, Ha Mecry rnc paBm1ua
rpa!IH<ill ca HHClutM no6pl;cM KOjc joj 4111111 OKB!!p. Ilope.o.
caMC BapowHue TC4C pe<111ua C eero11HKoncHa peKa um1
A3MaK, I<Oja H nocraje H3HM eapow11 OA OpencKe peKe,
Ilep1twa 11 11e1<011u1<11x APYl'ltX pe411ua. H aceJbC ce je
sepoBaTHO pa3BllJIO OKO UPKBIU.(C CB. HHKOJlC, I<Oja ce
nOMlllbC I<pajeM XII I ecKa. Y .n,pyroj nonoBHHll XIV B.
HaCCJbC cc nO.'l\mt.e Kao TaKBO no.11 HMCHOM Ce . HttKOJla.
3a epeMe T ypaKa je MecTO spno 4CCTO CTp!IJlanO, " y
tbeMY ce 6HJlO 11ace1111110 AOCTa TypaKa.
H e 3113 ce .ua n H je Ta UPHBa CB. H 11KOJlC 6tuia Ha Mecry
na11aw1t.e up1<ee nocsehe11e CB. CTC<f>a11y Jle4a11c1<0...,, KO-
ja je 113ea11 Bapowu , 11a nesoj crpautt CeeTOllHKOJlCKC
peKC, a Kpaj nyra 3a llhun. l1crnrrHea•1 Ce. H111<011e, M .
l/y'llKobuh MHCJIH .ua je eapow11ua npBo6HTuo 6tuia 01<0 TC
UPKBHUC,~' 01<0 I<Oje je ll .uauac eapoWKO rpo6~. Kpaj
UPKBHUC CB. CTC<f>a11a je H 113BOP Ha KOM je, no nereu.n.H,
nporne.uao lle4aHCHlt, TC je epno eepoeaTHo .ua je Ha
MCC'fY TC UPKBllUC 6tuia npBo61tT11a UPKBa CB. H111<011e, na
je nocne uapo.n., nott ymuajeM Kynn cs. Kpalba .Uet.Jan-
CKor, pyweBHllC TC UPKBC ornac110 lbCl'OBOM UPKBOM II
TIOCJIC je !bCMY H noceehe11a, KM je o6HOBJbCll3.
Up1<ea en. HHKOJJC y eapow11 TaKol)e 11Hje M11oro crapa:
oua je carpal}e11a 1847. ron. n p11<ia cc ll3. y 11e1<0 epeMe y
Ce. H111<011u yonwTC 1111je 6WJo UPKBC 11 na cy JbYAH pan u
np114ewha OllJ'laJ111111 y ceno Sop11noeue, r.n.e HM je 6WJa
11aj6mmra ItPKBa. Huatie cc npH4a .n.a je nopywe11a 1,1aM11ja
y eapowH 6Hna npao6HTHO up1<ea CB. Boropo,[lllue. l13H!IA
eapoWH cy K3.'llCHll KpcTOBH noceeheHH CB. HmtjH II CB.
C nacy, a 11awnH cy u jeAaH 11a KOCH y PyJJ.HHH, an11 ue
311aj y KOMC je ceeuy 6110 noceche11 . y 311.0:Y UPKBC CB.
H 1tKOJJe 61U1a je y311.o:a11a ieA11a nno4a c m1KOM .U.CBOj Ke Y
pen.e<t>y, na je nOCJJe cacs11M 3a311Aa11a; aepoeaTHO je TO
~,....,,.•h: llapowM""c.en.11"""""'""0 . ...... no.-..y. r,.....•• c 11: t.
XV - XVl,27'
====== llo====== ====== 311======
6 110 nrn:au aHTI!.•llm H8J].rpo6HH CilOMCl lllH , IlOllITO cc y 11n 11 JUI je y H>e uoj 11enocpeJ.1.Hoj 611113l!1111 61U1a 11e1<a Ta1<ea
caM0.'11 Ce. H1mom1 11ana3 no MHOrQ p HMCKH ttoeau:. J orn y r pal)ee1111a.
no4CTKYXV III eeKa y Ca. H11KOJ111 jc nocroiana 11 cny>1<1t- Up1<ea 11Ma 11 Man ll, o611'1att 111<011ocrac. H a ceeepu oM
na llPKBa CB. ne-rKa: jepoMottax j eporej Pa•iamrn npo111ao 3llJ.r.y, J.lO ceeep1111x OJ1Tapc1<11x eparn, je e eha cn111<a Cre-
je 1704. ro.D,1rne Kpo3 Cu. H111<0ny 6aw 11a AaH Ka.!:la je qia11a .fleqa11c 1<or. Y BJlllJ1J.1 l{a11c1<0M CTOJIY 11Ma WTaM na11a
cnamma Ta llP•rna H je.Qatt JJ,pyr 113 lbCroae npan1>e, CJJm<a .Ile<rn11c1<o r ca cue uaMa 113 lberoea m11e0Ta. CJmHa
Bttcap11011, CJ13B lt0 je Tal·iOl;e TO r .ua11a. Belt TilJ:ta l!aCCJbC je Ha xapTlljH I! npl!1<0ea11a je Ma.JIHM 1<111111•mh11Ma . T o je
H1tj e 6HJIO 0 11 0 WTO H pa1mjc, jcp Pa48111UI BCJlll J],3 je TY y
cpnc1<0 Ao6a 6HJJa aemrna aapow.'~
U.PKBHQa CB. Cre<Patta je H38811 uapotuH , y Jl liBa.D;aMa .
H a peitn yo nnITe HCMa mrnaKBOr MOCTa, nowro je y pc.LIB
Mana KM H'-nma BOJ:lC. 17 Upt<mnta je 6 1111a y pywee1111aMa
.'10 1910. ro,11. Octtoea joj je npanoyraona, c epno MaJI0.'11
anclt.QOM. 3 11.D,OBH cy BC0.'113 ,11e6em1 II HMaJlll cy C3CBllM
.11ane OTeope 33 CBeTJIOCT, na cy 11a4111i:.e1111 eek.1t npo30p1t
npHJI H KOM o6H8BSb3tba. np11•!a CC~ jc 311,n Qpt<BCHll 6110
n peny1myr, na ce je1me 1101'i11 caM 011 cc&: cacrae110,
nollITO cy y ll~·KBH npe11ol'i1111e 11e1<e .nT~1 11e. Up1<ea je 11a
TaKBOM MeCTy 11a y Jle1'1he J.lo6a Ha HCTO'-iHOr 3llJ.la 113611ja
~c pc11 (wamnpa). Up1<ea je 61111a TOllllKO :iancMapena J.la
cy y 11ooj 113pacne J.lBC 11p111111c (J.lea 11y11a), a y11yrpa ce
11ern11 opnu 11 raepa1111. M 11or11 CecT011111<on1111 ce cel'iajy
J.r.a jc no 31111oe11Ma 6ttno m 11 eo1111ca. Cee jc ro ym1wre110
npllllHKOM o611ae!ba1b3 llPKBC 1910. rQJ.l., KaJ1 cy 3HLIOBH
n peMa3allll 11 o6eJhe111t. T a.ri.a je CTaBJhCH 11am11c Ha llP-
KB y, c nOJba, H3113Jl yna31111x epaTa: Cb. CWefjam, 1910.
iog. Ta1<ol)c 11311an epaTa a 11c no11ror11am11ca 113pal}e11a je 113,!tan.e M3113CT11pa .Ile'lana, 0 TPOWH)' npHWTCBCKllX rpa-
!lOLU111jc, 1930, c11111<a ce. Cre<f>att a .Ilcl{attc1<or, 1<ojy je l)aua, 1849. rQ,!llUIC. Ona UPHB3 cnym11 CaMO 113 D ypl)ce-
np HJlO>t<llO Jop,!lall n. 3naTHOBlll'i, Tproea11 y Ce. HH K0- .11311 H 11a J.r.att c e . CTc<liana, y n peH neTa1< no Yc1<pcy.
1111 , po.no." 113 lllnma, a 1-13pam10 Wnm!ba11au Kocra TaJta ce Y 11p1<ey JI.O llOCll 11 je,11t1a crap11ja 111<011a CTe<lia11a
f p114apem1h. Up1<ea jc, na1<, ocechcna TCH 1931. I'OJ.l. Y .Ile'lallCHOr, 11a JI.3Cllll, 1<oja ce 'lyea y UPKBH CB. Hm<OJlC.
pyu1ce1111aMa UPKBCHllM llaJI33110 cc II jc11a11 KarmTCJl, ep- M. f./y~1wb111i nON11111,c ,!la ce y CaMOj 1.1p1<e11 ce. Cre<j:ia11a
JlO ncno opHaMe11Toea11, 11a1<0 OJ.I. p~aea 1<aMe11a (011 ey11- q yea HKOl!a Hoja n pCJ.lCTaBlba CB. H m<011 y K3f<O pyt<OM
1<a11c1<or Ty<lia). Taj K3fillTCJl 11:)HCT jc 113 llPl<BC II CaJ.la JI.aje Ol.!H ce. CTe<liau y .Ilel.!aHCt<OM ca pe'l'ttMa: OT1ljwH1
croj 11 y3 !bell ceeepo33na.wm yrao. T 9 je je]1.H1111 1101<a3 ,!la n - TllOH II.II " " '"" - · " y roj llPHBH, MC~Y'fllM , 11oce611y
jc o ea up1<e11ua 61rna 11e1<a,na 111011y111e11Tan11a rpal]ee1111a TaHey HKOH Y lll!CaM BllJI.CO. H et<OJIHKO KOpaKa OLI UPKBC
je 1<11ageHal{, cb. Cinefja11; 1<11aJte11a1.1 je J.1.y6o1< 4- 5 MC-
.. rcYJl , XXXl , 298..
"Oller<wi... llo<n<qoy;iaH<DDYa<p;y...,, ............. ,tt~ MM k..,..nonaaco
""""""""'"J'C'NOpn<t". C..,,..qoC....0..MMO.OllMlll_,,.,.MIOOCTG,lll<G.U. "M.<t}"IXOOOlll: -. ~114.
======m======
Tapa, aJIH BCOi''l3 Y3all II neno 03HJ],8H. y HOBHje apc-
Me 1101<p1rne11 je Ha Taj 11a•m11 .a;a je 11a)J, lhHM 11a'l1tlbC-
11a MaJJa 3HJlaHa 3rpall:mta. Bo,!1,a ce u;pne Kpo3 jeJ],aH
Ta1<01)e y
OTBOp Hpo3 1<oj11 MO>KC .na ce npoBy'IC CY.It·
6m13111111 qp1rne, a.rm y cynpornoM npaBQy, 11Ma je.ri.11a
noseha pyna, <mje je JJ.HO non BOll:OM . To je Bup-o na cb.
Ciimj)(JH, T3.HOl)e HYJlTHO MCCTO. MHCJJC J],3 je TY HCKa.rta
forna 'ICWMa. IlpH•rn cc ,!la je JlO ca.Mor ca. CTe<j:ia11a
( Qpl<BC) a Kpaj TC 'ICllIMC 611no ,UCBCT •MpaMopa - ( KaMCHltX
HOp11n); OJl lbl!X HCMa HHK3.J<Ba t'para. Oao K:l3HB3.lbC 0
HOPHTHMa HH je 6e3 CTBap11e OCHOBC. IloMCHYTll nymm<
Pall.auuk semi 1<a1<0 je OHO 6y11apa y Ce. Hm<0m1 BHJ],CO
BeJlllKY MHOJtnrny H3MCHHX KOP ltTa, l.ICMY cc je 'IYJ],HO.n
01<0 QPHBC je H J],3113.C rpo6Jbe. f po6.Jbe je, ll3rJIC)l,a,
BCOMa crapo. HcnpeJ], yna.33 y UPKBY forna cy TPH mm-
rpo6Ha CIIOMemn<a c H3TIIHCOM. Jenau OJ:l lhIIX je ca;:ia Kpaj
Y.lla3HHX epaTa y UPKBy. Ha IbeMY ce jenBa •urra:
"'14<' •8rJtT• ... fl\lirT•Rll rr \l'Ri. s0111" .. . Hapon 3a re 11anrpo6-
11e cnoMemrne een1t na cy •nanrncKm. Y 6 Jm3HHH QPf<Be
1tc1<onatt je H3 3c111n.e H je.QaH KpCT O.Q cp111e, BepoeaTuo Il3
rpo6a 1<aKea ceewTeH1i1<a.
H y Typc1<0 epc111e, .Qo1< je up1<ettua 61tJJa y pyweBHHa-
111a, Hapo.Q je OJVJa3HO I< lbOj H Tpa)i<HO JleKa II IlOMOhH Oll
ce . CTe$atta. Hacrojano ce .ua ce UP1<Ba o611oe11, an»
Typutt m1cy nonywTantt cec itO 1910. ron . .UaHac, y
CJJo6o!lH, Hapon cno6o.QHO 11 y ee.llttKOM 6pojy nocehyje TO
311aqaj110 cpnc1<0 CBCTHWTe. Ka.u je neno epe111c, CJJCrHy cc
y Ce. H li1<0.llY ua XHJhll!{e ce1ba1<a H3 uenc o6.nacru. H3Mel)y
n•-m11.e, Bap.uapa H Eperan1rnue. Oee rQJ:lHHC jc 6HJ10
eeo111a pl)aeo epe111c H 06pe,t1,y y QPKBH npttcycreoeano je
caCBHM Mano ceoc1<or CBeTa. Mcl)yrttM, OKO IIO!{HC ce
nponcnwano H 111orne cy ce BHJ:lCTH MHorc rpym11.1e 1<a1<0
,!l,O.lla3e ca cc.Ila na nocere up1<ey H Knane 11au. Ce. CTelfia-
Hy, oco611To 11a naH npa311111<a, He ca1110 na nona3e 11111or11
ce.JbaUH H3 OB'leilOlbCt<HX ceJia, Hero llOJla3C H MHOHI BcJtt.:-
waHH H lliTHIIJhllHQH. CeM Cp6a, TOM CBCTHWTY 110Jla3C ll
Tpamc noMohH jow 11 U11ttQapH (tt0Ma!lCKII croqap 11 1<ojI1
" r CYl1, XXXt,298
====== 313======
3HMyjy 11a Oel.leM nolby) , na H caMH oe<1enolhCKH TypQH.
CpncKa npaeocnae11a up1<ea CJJaBH ce. CTclfia11a )lcqaH-
c1<or 11. HOBCM6pa no CTapOM. y ceBepHHM H 33na.1111HM
CPllCl<HM 1<pajeeHMa Taj ,!l,aH ce npa3Hyje YTO.llHKO WTO
HCl<tt po110BH TOr naHa HMajy nopo,!l,H'IHY CJJym6y, a;m HX
Mano KOjH Kame na CJJY}i{H CB. Kpalhy, Hero o6H<.JHO BeJIC
.ua CJJyme •CB . MpaTy• , tl.llCHTH$HKyjyhtt Tor ce. Mpuy
ca CB. KpaJbCM. Ha11Me, Taj na11 cc y HaweM Hapo,t1,y
o6tt'IHO 3oee M.paTHHUH - Map-r1111QH, rum je TO non
YTHtlajcM 1<aTO.llH'laHCTBa, jep KaTOJJHl.J:Ka uptrna TO r .Qa11a
c;1aett ce. MapTHHa V, nany (143 1), 'IHjH je npa3HHK
HCOMa ecmm 11apo.11m1 n pa3HIIK 1<0.Q KaTOJJIIKa y 3ana.u11oj
H CpCJ.libOj Eepontt, na II 1<011 11aumx KaTO.llH1<a. (npaeo-
cnae11a up1<ea npa311yjc I111aqe je1111or CB. MapTHHa 14.
anpttna no crapoM: TO je nana Mapnrn I , KOjH je y111po
655). Y n0Bap,t1,apjy H y cyce.QHHM KpajCBHMa OHH l<OjII
npa311yjy 11. HOBCM6ap HJlH Ta;:ta IIMajy 110po.IU1'1HY CJJY-
a:6y, BC.Ile na cnaec ce. MI111y, Kor npaeOCJJaBHa up1<ea
TaKol)e CJ13BH TOr .QaHa. HecyMlhHBO je .ua je KY.llT CB.
Mapnrna y ceeepttIIM H 3ana,!l,HHM ttaWttM KpajeBHMa JJ.O-
wao ,!l,OQHttje H nonte11yo KYJJT ce. KpaJba, <teMy je 111orn o
llOllPHHCTll H TO WTO ce IlO,!l, TypUIIMa m1je Ta1<0 naKO
MOrao npocnaBJbaTH je.QaH cpnCKH KpaJb H CBCTHTC1b. Ha
jyry ce, oneT, yTHQajeM rp<tKC QPKBC H ceewreucrBa
O.Qpmaeao KYJJT CB. MttHe H IlOTHCKHBao KY.llT .Ue<taHCKOr,
antt ra H3 cpe11tber n oeap.Qapja H cyce11m1x Kpajeea 11a
cceepy 1111jc Morao .ua HCTil.CHC. TaKo jc 11np. y Benecy
KY.llT Jle<JaHCKOr 6110 TOJlHKO jaK .ua je 110'-ICTKOM npyre
noJtOBHHC XIX ecKa, Kaua je 0J<Tpttee11a jcn11a cpe11tb0ee-
Koe11a UPKBa H o6pahc11a y MaHaCTHp CB. )lHMIITPilja,
HaCJJHKaH y !bOj If KpaJb JlcqaHCKH. y HCTO BpeMe je
o611oen.e11 H Ma11aCT11p Ce. Dopl)e y T ttK eewy, KOll Hero-
THHa ( eapnapcKor). Y QPKBH TOr 111a11acr1tpa 113pal)e11 jc
HKOHOCTaC l 860. a OCTaJlll }1{1{801111C 1875- 1876. Mel)y
JlHKOBHMa BHJUIO MCCTO 3ay3HMajy cpnCKH CBeQH, Mel)y
KOjHMa H CTe¢laH JleqaucK11 . 30 Ha cceep110111 cnOJbibCM
31111Y UpKBe MattaCTHpa nonOWl<Or, Ta1<ol}e y TttKBCWy,
,. 8. C. l'oJtoH0""1!H~ : T M~R<W HPoj<IL CE3, XXIX ~. 361
======JI•======
11Ma c1mi<a CTecj:la11a Jle1.ia11c1<0r, pa,!l, jew1or i+msonnc11a
113 Kpywesa. 31 Y llPKB!t y CCJlY ncJbl!HllY, Koje jc Ha
nllmbH, ccscpo11cTO<mo OJl KyMa11ona, BHJleO jc josau
Xa1,m Bac11JbCBHh 11a jyn{)fo,11 3HJ1Y 11pKBc110.11 cmmy Jl.e-
4aHcKor, 1<ojy 11apon CMaTpa mmo.11 11apa J]a3apa ii crora
sepyje na je l\PKBY rpaJlJlO 11ap Jla:iap.H
Hapo.!\ 113 onttx 1<pajeaa pa,Qo 11 •1e cro je OJtJ!a31!0 11a
1101<11ofheJhC 11 y caMC .Ile'la11c. t ripe uojasc 6yrapc1<c
nporrara11.rte y MaKC.Q011Hj11, cua1rn 1tMyh1111ju MaJ<CJl,011au
cMaTpao je 33 pcm1rnoa11y 11 11au11011am1y .uym11ocT 11a O.Qe
na cc, 6ap je.a:a11nyT y >l<llBOTy, llOl<JIOl\11 CllCTO.' I Kpalhy H
.a.a OJ:tttece np1111ore EberonoM M3H3CTttpy. Ta.a;a je y cea1<0j
Kyh11, y Ma1<eJ:101111jw, nope.a; cncua, 1<0ra «yha cnan11,
6W1a 11 m<o11a CeeTOra Kpa!ba. •JJ .Uo npe 50-60 ro.u.
11aw11 BCJJHKll M3H3CTftPH ( OaTp11japw11ja, .Uc<JaH11, E11-
ropcK11 MaUaCT11p ii .Qp. ) llMa.Jlll cy cnojc MCTOXC y pa3UllM
napournMa. Hajn11wc MCToxa jc HMao MaHacr11p .Ue<JaH11:
O.Q Capajena .QO Co4mjc. McTOX y CoctJ11jn nopywmia je
rpanct<a omuT11Ha TCK 1898. ro.Q. MoHactt KOjc cy 6paT-
crna CJia.rra y Meroxe np1rnynJba1111 cy npttnor c 11 crapantt
cc ,Qa npHBOJIC WTO Bl1WC npaBOCJJaBHl1X nopO.QllUU Jla
IlOCCTC lbHXOBC Ma11acrnpe. 0TKaKO je 6yrapcKa npona-
raH.Qa n po.Qpna y Kpajene jy>t<uo O.Q lllapc H Ka<Jamrna 11
36or pQan11x nomJT1t'lK11x np11mma H3a 1875. ro.Q., 6poj
TilKBHX OOCCTHJIU!Ja cc !.:Ta.JlllO CMU!hHBUO .QOKJIC 11X caCBllM
uc HCCTa.Qe.H Ta1<0 cy 11yCKonJby11 y Be.Jiccy jow y XIX
B. nocroja.rr11 .QC'lUllCKll MCTOCll, y KOj11,\ la 611 pe.QOBHO 6110
no je.QaH Ka.rryQep H3 !le'lalla KOjll 611 rrp1rnymhaO npuno-
re 3ll MUHacrup ll oprallll30Bao TC flOIOIOHll'lKC flOXO.QC. y
.Ue<J:aHe cy O.QJia31111i1 noje.QHHUll ll tt3 Cs. Hm<011e, ua1<0
jc Ce. H11KOJJa 6110 cupoMawuo MCCTO a nyTOBalbC BPJIO
onactto. Hwm1 cy o6tt'll!O c jeceHll.
.Ue<Jal!CKll KaJ!yljeptt cy CTa.JlllO Kpcrapmm no .[18.HUW!hOj
Jy>t<11oj Cp6Hjl1 ll cyce.QH11M o6naCTl!Ma. j epO.'ltOHaX re-
" tt .... ;ic.,o,4!6
")Ol!• H XaJ,IH Ba<:HN:8H1l: )y>t<HaCTapoCp6Hia, l. (Ky10aH09CKa06.riacr). «l
" THX. Dopl)<eH~: MoKtJl()HHjO. Swrpu 1929, 161! - 169
,. n. K<>CTHk lls>K...,HH >t<HB<>T npOB<•:>U~uKX Cp6o y J1pH:iptHY H ""ro""j
ot<0.1KHH y XIX ""Kf. 6wrpaJI. 1928, 41 - 42
=====~ 115 =====~
11.COH Jocttcti Jypuw11k, KOjl1 je nponco HCHO BpeMe y
,Ue<JUHllMU, JlllllIC KUKO Cp6tt KOjll )t{JlBC no rpa.QOBHMU ll
11ax11jaMa CTapc Cpfo1je: HOBOrra3apcKoj, cKoncKoj , KO-
cosc1<oj, np1tWTtt11c1<oj, ey<J:uTpttcKoj, necKona<JKoj » 1111-
w1<0j pa.QO noMa>+<y CBCTa MCCTU. Ka.rryljepii !lC'lUHCKlt li.QY
cnai<e ro.rume no TMM 11ax1tjaMa. n o cenmia r.r1e HCMa
Wl<OJia Y'lC .QCUY K8KO ;:i;a cc KPCTC H Q4e11alll, yTBpijyjy
uapo.Q y BCpit, noy'lanajy MJla,llC CBClllTCllHKC y 6orocny-
l+<ClhY ll Kpene Hapo;:i; ;:i;a HC O'lajana. y HCTO BPCMC npoce
np1111ore 3a MauacrHp. JS TaKO Hnp. TPYJ:IOM jep0Mo11axa
Teo.Qocttja Jla:mpen11ka nptt110>t<HO jc .Uc<JaHttMa 1798 .
ro.Q. je,11110 ena11QcJbe jepej CTaH'lO 113 11.ycreH.QilJia. 36
OoHCf<ll .UC'lUHCKH Kany)Jep OCTUBllO je ycrroMCHy Ha cnoje
nyToBalbC y 3arrilcy. Tai<o y 0<JH!hCHil .'1.a11acrup .uona3il
1749. jepoMouax Jl11MttTpuje .[le<JaHaQ, a 1812. ro.Q. MaKa-
pnjc ll Hcattjc .Ue<Jal!QH. 37 ro.u. 1799. J{OJia3i10 je y CCJIO
Ky<JCBHWTC y CKoncKoi QpHoj rop1t jepOM011ax Mojcej
.Ue<JanaQ. 38 BeposaTHo je TO fofO ilCTll Mojcej HOj11 je
1808. !lOJJa3HO y MaHacrnp Ce. HuHilTC y CHonrnoj 1.1puoj
r optt, 39 H KOjH je 1805. ro!l. y Terony rrpo'lHTao jc.r1uy
l<lhHry.' 0 fo,Q. 1813. J{OJia:mo je y MUHUCTllP CB. HllKHTC
jepoM011ax Ma1<api1jC .Ue<JattaQ. 41 fo.Q. 1813-1814. 6Ho je
y Mattacrupy Jlec11oey uryMaH Teo.Qoc11je .Ue<JattaQ.•l T11x
ueKommo 110.QaTaKa tt3 c11y4ajm1x 3an11ca npy>t<ajy pe'lHT
ll01<83 11 >t<ilBY CJIHKY KUKO cy 6HJIC HHTHMllC BC3C H3Meijy
Jle•1a11a ll CTUHOBHllllITBa .o;aHaWlbC jy>t<HC Cp611je. A
KOJlllKO ilMU jolll 3llnttca KOjll HHCY o6jaBJbCHH ll KOJlllf<O
je 6H110 TCK ~10Haxa 1<0ji1 cy nyTOsa.rrtt ue nom11cyjylrn ce
no !.IPHBUMa ii l<!hHraMa!?
Ha On<JcM noJby, MeijyTttM, en CrectJaH lle<Ja11cKi1 cc 11e
npa:myje y napo.uy 11. HOBeM6pa ( Ha.ua ii 11a On<JeM rroJby
}f(CHe npa311yjy ca. M1tHy), 11ero y rrpn1t rrCTaH no YcKpcy,
!l.UKJIC y l1CTO'lHll llCTUK • .UoH cc y QCJIOM cpncrsy Taj
" r. I. IOpHwKhb: J{e~K npn< Ha!~. H - c.;, 1852, 45
" Jh. Croj""°""~' C ttpH cpnOKH 3anH<H H H>mHcK, 6p. 10J96
" liaR . 11~6p.2982,)396
,. H .... ,..n<>,6p.10401
" HU. ll<JI0, 6p. 10428
.. llaa. ll<JI0,6p.J.828
"IJU. ll<JI0, 6p. 10444
"H&a. Jl<n<>,6p. 9036
====== i16=====;;;;;
ncraH 30Be HCT04HHM neTK0.'11 1rnH 6anaKm1joM ( y jy-
>to111,11 KpajeeHMa) , y Ce. Hm<0m1 HHHO ue 3Ha 3ll TC
11a31rne Hero Taj llCTI!K 30BY Cb. CiTwfxm, no Kpan.y Jle-
'IOHCHOM, Kor Ta11a npa311yjy. K y 11T .Uc•1a11c1<or, 6Ho je,
JlalUle, OB.UC TOJIHKO jal< ,!la ce 011pmao llC COMO H no CBOM
HMCHy 11ero je TO HMC flOTllCHYJIO II .npyre 113311BC 33 Taj
npa:i1111•nm aa11. .Uo noMcpalhll A3TyMa npocnaen.alba
ycnO,'l\CHC Ha .Ue<1aHCKOr JJ:QllUIO je eepoean10 y BC3H ca
KJiaJ{CHl,IC.'11, jep cc ua CBCTC •JICKOBllTC . uo.ne I HCTO'lllll-
KC • ( H380pe) , KOJl 11ac uajeuwe l!JlC Ha HCTO<IHH OCT31<.
Ky.rn JlC'13HCKOr Ha 08'-ICM CTOJhy canp»ot y cc6H MHOre
CJICMCHTC. 01m cc ,[ICJI C 11 a CJlCMCHTC UPKBCHOr ll Ha CJIC-
MCllTC 11apoJmor KYJJTa, 1<0j11 cy y11e1<om11<0 cnoje11tt u
MC~Y Co6oM T3.KO MCnperrneTeHli Jl3 cc llC Mory noTnyuo
ll~BOjHTH je111111 Oll ,11,pyrux. y CJICMC llTHM3 ttapo1t11or
K)'JITa pa:unmyjy cc crpaxonowroeafbe n6y11caHHX npe.n-
MC'Ta II eepc1<0.~apo61ba'IKC paJUbe 1<oje Tpe6a, )'3 XpH W-
ha11c1<y Monmey, .na .no•iapajy 3JlpaelbC n.y,n11Ma 11 CTOQll
111111 fiJIOAHOCT )' 6pa1<y.
LJ.p1<ee11H 1<ynT 11a Oet1eM OOJbY je nornaettro y TOMe
WTO ce )'O'IH H ua ARH CB. Crecj:ia11a CJl)')f<ll y LIPKBHQH,
Koja 11 caMa cnaeH ror .na11a. nOCJie caet1aHe n11Typrnje,
Koj y o61t'IHO CJl)')Kll en11c1<on, KOjH .nona31l TOA AaHa 113
1UT11na, J<paj 1Uia.nemµ ce o6ae11 o6peA ItPKBeHe cnaec ca
CBehefbeM Bone H CC'IClbeM ItPKBCHOr KOSla'la. Cn)')K6ll y
QPKBH H OCBehelby Bo.ne np11cycTByjy napo'IHTO OHH KOjll
cy ce Ma 11a 1<oj11 Ha'IHH 3aBeroBarm cs. Crecj:ia11y, CBH
KOju MY .nyryjy 3a ltCUCJbelbe H KOjtt TCK .nona3C .na Tpame
SICl<a H OOMOkH. Crora Ce y QPl<Bll 11apo'11tTO mme po-
,!lHTCJbll, cna6y!b3Ba .neua H Jb)',!lH c llCJ10CTaLIHMa y
O'IHMa.
0,11 1931. ron., 1<a.rta je 1.tp1<sa ocsehe11a, UPKBCHH 1<ona<1
11 nwe11111..1y cnpeMa cBaKe ro,1JJ111e r. CnaBt<O Mapt<OBHh,
kyp'IHja II }f(liTap, 1<oj11 TO 'IHHH Kao 3aBCT H 'IHHHhe AO
CMPTll. 011 Tor ,Ilana npHMa OOCeTC, Kao WTO ce o6H'lllO
•111m1 no nopomt'IHOj cnaBtt. nocne cnym6e 6y.ne ca6op:
iiaHaup unn UaNaiup. Pa1mje ce Ha .na11 CB. CTecl>aHa
CJl)'>t<HJIO y QPKBH CB. H111<one, na ce c SIHTHjOM 0Jlll!l.3HJIO
AO PYWCBMHa LIPKBHQC CB. Crecj:ia11a.
=====;;;;; 311=====;;;;;
Onwtt je Hapo,11Ho npettafbe ,11a j e 1.tP1<Bmzy cB. Crecj:ia-
11a .!J,e<rn11c1<or 110.QHraO OH caM y COOMCH CBOr HCQCJbC!ba.
fl owro Jle•m11c1<11 3a cuor >t<HBOTa HH1<a1<0 1111j e Morao caM
ce6u nocBdmBan1 Qp1<ee, 011 je Ha OB•!eM non.y Morao
caMO .na 110,[llirl!e HSIH o611os11 ltPKBY CB. H1-rnone, npeMa
KOM ce je CMaTpao Hapo•-mro o6aBe3aH H KOra je oco6HTO
now~Bao, Te My H y Jlet1a11ttMa OOCBeTilo je,11a11 oJJTap, H
KOM JC, no llCKMM H380pHMa, 3aHCTa H 00,!l.HraO QPKBY Ha
Ont1eM non.y. Mom,11a je y 11apo,11y ocrana ycnoMeHa .na je
Jle•1a11ci:-11 TY qp1<ey no,!l.Hrao HJIH o611oeHo, na nocne,
ITOWTO JC Ii OH caM KallOHH30BaH, OH CMat"pall It CBeLtCM
l<OM je UPKBa OOCBehe11a. flpe HCKllX TPllJ1CCCT ro,!ll!Ha
:ia6e11em1m je Joea11 Xa1,1tt Bacll.Jheetth Ha Oat1eM nolby
JCA11y ncreHJl:y o OCJieOJbClb)' 11 11cuelbClbY ca. Kpan,a
.Ue'la11c1<or. flo roj nere11.1111, .!J,e11a11c1<11 jc 11Mao 31IY H
onaKy Mahexy, 1<oja ra je OCJienltJla TajHO o.n My>t<a 11
nocnana Ha po611jy npeKo .'Iopa. C lbl!M jc nomna 11 cecrpa
My. 0Ta1.t, ca3HaBw11 3a TO, noUJa.n.e 3a lbHMa ncrrepy .na HX
uparn y npccroH11Qy. Y noBpaTI<y 3aHOhe y .na11aWlbCM
Cn. Hm<0ntt. PaHo yjyrpy llCKPMY ce 6paT 11 cecrpa 0,11
crpa)KC II O,lly y LIPl<BY CB. Hi!KOSle II 00'1HY yrnac nnaKa-
Tll WTO je CBerH Kpan. OCJICOJbCH H 1<31<0 he cc TaKae
npaT11T11 y npecroHttrzy. Yro HM ce jae11 en. H111<ona 11
pct1c CB. Kpan.y: •Cre<t:ia11e, OTBOPll 0'111 II norne.naj MC! .
Ha TO cecrpa no,1111n1e 6paTy rnaBy 11 pe1<11e My: 1Epare,
nornc.11aj! ' Ce. Kpan. je 011.neo CB. H111<011y 11 o,n.-.iax
nporne.nao. Ty rae je npm111yT norne,11ao, npeny1<ao je 311Jl
qp1mc11 11; TY ny1<orn11y je 11apo.r:t y TO BpeMc jow no1<a311-
Bao.0 n pe~rn roj JICre111111, CB. CTe¢la11 je nporne.nao Ha
OB•ICM non.y, 11 .na11aw11,a UPt<Ba ca. CTc¢iaua 611na [je)
llCKa.rta qp1<ua CB. H1rnon e. Oeo nocnc.r:t1i.e jc, Kao wro
caM no1<a3ao, caCBHM eepoBaTHO. 3a ape.l ie Mor 6opae1<a
11a 0Bt1eM no.Jby, ja 1111caM UMao npHJ1111<e .na qyjeM Tal<By
nere1111y. 4yo caM je.1111y .npy1<'111jy nere11ay, caca11111 1<pa-
T1<y. n o ouoj nere11.n11, en. CTe¢lau je 6110 npmt 1<oj11 ce je
1t3Jie•1110 11a KJIMCHUY KO.r:t ItPKBe: 11aj npc jc O'lll noMa3ao
Ka.JIOM (6naTOM), a 01111a ce ll3MllO BOJ:lOM li3 ](Jla.tl,CHqa, na
" JObN X.UM~h: J)'>KKOC...~ja, 1 . 1909, JSS
======31s======
nporne,!l,aO. ri:te je npOO npornenao, TO CC ,' le<:TO 30BC n o-
rne,u,, a 04H cy MY 33THM TOJIHKO 33CBCTJleJIC Jl.3 ce 3ana.rm-
JIO cae non,e Ha Hoje je nocne 01<pc11yo norne.u, Te ce 0110
tt .nattac 30BC Cyxo n oJbC. Cyxo n OJbC jc ua cceep .oA Ce.
H1mone, .!\CCHO OA nyra 3a C 1<omi.e, a florneA JC KOCa
neeo on ror nyrn, oxo 1/z km .IUUICKO on Ce. Hmmne.
flowro jc npornenao, cs. Crecllan jc oitaBJIC onuIIao y
,llc4a11e. flOCJ1c u.cra cy JJ.OJI3.3Hmt 11 APYrH na ce ne'le ua
Knanettuy.
Oee ABC .11ere1u1e BCOMa cc pa3111U{yjy Oll JICl'CH,[],C 1<0jy
cy 336enelf<11n11 Ua;.1611a1< H outt nnc1~11 poaoc1100a tt 11eTO-
n11 ca KOjH ce cna>+<y c lbHM. On•1e110Jbc1<e 11er ett.QC cc
np116mu«yjy ncre11.rt11 1<a1rna je O'lynaua y 11pcm1cuMa 113
XVII u XVIII 0e1<a (Ocrojukee 11 Bcp1<0nttkc0 ncTom1c)
c tte1<or crapttjer op nnmana. Pa3J1HKC y nojcmrnOCTHMa
cy cacettM pa3YMJbllBC Ka.a ce 11111a y euity Aa je ncre11.na Y
op11nm any c 1<0r cy no.' !eHynt npen11c11 3a6cneaie11a npe
11c1<om1HO cronella, a nereune 11a Oe•1CM OOJbY npe11ome11e
11 o.r1p>t<aea11e .r10 nauac ycMe11nM npe.r1a1bt:M. n omTo je
o•rnrne.r1110 .na cy cn1111Jaop11 1<oj11 roeope o 4yJtOTuop110.11
11cLten.t:1by .Ue<ia11c1<or t.tpnmi rpat)y Ja ceoje 1<aJ1rna1bC 113
11apoll110r npe,!J.alba ( jcp caepeMc1111 611orpa<jm roeope o
.Ue'l3HCHOlll caCBllM llPYK4Hje), M\lcn\lM ,ll,a !Ill OU4el!OJb-
CHe nereH.!IC 1utcy 110CTa.J1e no.rt ynntaieM nO.'l\C11yrnx c1111-
ca, ~laJJ.3 TO 1111je caCBllM llCl<Jb)"leHO. A110 ll HC 611 611ne
no1<an11or nocra11>a, one cy ,!l,o611ne no1<an11y o6pa.r1y, 1<ao
ll1TO cy ce II y llp11Jpc11y II y OKOJUtlUI caMHX .Uc<ia11a
CTIJOPllJJC JI01<am1c nap11ja11TC, no KOjHMa cc Ta MCCTa
CMaTpajy MCCTMMa r.tl,e je .Ue4a!ICKOM epahc11 Bii.rt. 6e3
o6311pa Ha TO K3KBO je nopeKJJO OB'ICnOJbCKllX nercll.)tll,
uecyMlbllllO je D,a ce je OB4CllOJbCKH KYJIT ,Uc4a11c1<or
paJe110 .naa110 11 t1a j c ca cpnc1<11M cra11oe1111wTeo.11 Qa4cr
no.Iba cpacrao y rom11<oj Mepn .rta 4111111 jcnuy Oll 11ajJ11a-
'1aj1111 j 11x O,lll!llKa n.croeor nyxoe11or >tmeora.
Kao WTO u y ca...,oj oKonmm .Uc4aHa 11111a M11oro np11'la o
TQ,1\C Kal<O cc jc ltC'lallCHlt Jb}'TO OCBCTMO 0111\Ma KOjlt cy cc
orpew11n1t o 11,cra 11 Ma11acr11p (.aec Ta1<ne np11'1c je Ja6c-
11e>t1uo eell UaM611a1<, a jemrn je Ja6e11e)t{e11a 1690. ro.rt. y
=====;;;319=====;;;
je11110111 py1<om1c110,\>\ 3am1cy y Ma11acn1py .Ue•ia1111Ma),"
TaKBllX npH43 MMa H 11a caMOlll Qe4e111 llOJbY H 01/C l'OBOpe
nornamno o crpaxonOUJTOBalbY 11110BepaLta npe111a Jle4at1-
c1<0111. Ta1<0 ce nptt4a 1<a1<0 je ue1<tt Peuo 0Mep, Typ41m
113 Ce. H111<one, MJBaJJ.HO eparn HJ Qp1<ec11e J1t,ll,1111e na 11x
.0:011co .O:OMa It H3ropeo. 0.rtMax ce Oll ror paJ6oneo, 11 ro
Ta.KO TeWKO Jl,a ra je 6onecr uarepana •na Cit 1tc1<y6e' ca111
6pa.o:y (a 61tr10 MY je 01<0 we:meccr r o111111a 11 11Mao je
Beo.\\a Jl.yry 6paJJ.y). Je.na1myr 111y ce jam1 ce. Cre<flau ii
ymrra: •3awTo MH 11Jropc epan?! To Tl! je 1<aJ11a 1<ojy
kew 11a c11oc11w .rto CMpT11ora 4aca! t H ac1<opo jc Pe1,10
yMpo, a npe.rt CMPT cy ce KOlt tbera c1<ynJbaJl11 T yp1111, 11
OJI UM np114ao H3KO MY ce ja1mo CB. Cre<fla11 M OCTaBHO HM
y aMa11eT ,ll,a B11we 11e JUtpajy l.IPKBY 11 ,!l,a j e nocehyjy
(fypt.tu II ca.o:a ,ll,OJ13.3C y LIPKBY II Tpa>l<C .tl,a HM non 'lllTa
M0J11rrny). Met)yr11M, 1912. ron., KaJJ. je no•1eo 6aJ11<a11c1<11
paT, T ypQit cy llYQaJlH Ha LIPKB Y CB. Cre<f>aHa, II - Katw
BCJIC CRCTOHllKOJlQH - Ta.KO HM II no.\'lorno.
Jow cc 11p114a 1<a1<0 cy jc.ti.a11nyr Caero11111<0JIL1U xrenH
.rta 11a 6pery Py.rtHHll, jy>t11tO OJ.t napow11, rpane L1p1my CB.
CTc(jiami. Jlo11oc1rntt cy 1<a.11e11 11 3 11c1<or 111ecra, a 11ohy 611
KaMCll npeJJaJl!O na MCCTO r.uc je II ca.ua LIPKBa CB. Cre<fla-
Ha. He 3najy KaJJ. je ro Morno 611rn .
KynT Jlc'la11c1<or 11awao jc ua Oe4CM nOJby 1111a1< 11aje11-
we 113pa:Ja Y 11apo.!I110.'ll eepoua1by y JJCKOBHTOCT eon.e 113
KJ'la.QCHL1a, KOja je Ii Jlc•1a11CKOM noepaTHJJa DH.rt, Kao II y
BCp<lll3FbY y BCJIHKY •rnpo611y MOk lbCroec l.IPl<BC, TaKO lla
TOJ LIPKlllt !IC l tOJJaJC IJIHUe ca~\O Olli! KOjH llaTC o.a: 0'1HHX
6onecr11, ncro 11 6ew•1c.r1m1, rm JIHQJ HHa4e cm16a 11 6one-
c11a, a ltOBOllH ce TY '!al< II CTOKa pa.a:11 111ar11 jCKOr ne-
4Cit.a,05
=====;;;; 320=====;;;;
Bo.rta H3 KJJa.rtettua je, no 11apo.AHOM seposathy, •Hcue-
m1Ma 3a o•rn.,, rum ne<m 11 o.u npyrHx 6onecrn. Pa.att
noMoliH MOJt{e ce J:to!m 11a TY •aja:my ' (cseTy so.o:y) cea-
1<0r ne-ma, aim je rn ae110 AOJ!amett.e o Dypl)es,ua11y H o
npa3HllHY cs . CreQ:ia11a y npBH neTaK no Yrnpcy. Bell Y
lleTBpniK npe.u ee<te n O'IHthY no6oIBHH H HCBOJbUH ]],a
.a,ona:ie, jep HMa paJJ.lba iwje ce no•my epWHTII e~h Ta.na.
TaKeor je aona>+<elha forno H ose rop;m1e, HaKO JC Qenor
.ua11a yo•m ce. Cre4Ja11a (a 6tto je Dypl)ee.uaH) naAarra
)<Hilla. 01m KOjH ,!1.0Jl!l:Je ua 1rna,aettau paJIH llOMOfiH YMll-
sajy ce TOM eo.noM, 11a caMOM KJJRACHUY mme cee t.e, A_aptt -
eajy eo.ny HOB QCM (HO jH npm<ynJba up1rna) H 33BCTYJY ce
,Ila lie AOfOJlllHC .QOHeTll CB. CrecfJa11y HCKH .Qap, aKO 6y~e
6 11110 n OMOliH. Hapo•mro MHOro H a KJlai:tCHQY 3llMHB!lJ Y
Marry .r1euy. 3a OHC 6oneCHHKC 1<0jH ne MOfY JW AOl)y Ha
1ma.ae11au HOCH ce ua ,i:i:aH ce. CTect>au a eo.Qa H3 Kna,ne11ua
y 6ouaMa. Tpe6ano fo1 ,i:i:a ce Ha 1rna.ue 11au i:i:ol)c 11 i:i:a ce
JaMHje 113j)'Tpa, npe cyuua , an11 TO M11on1 1.11111e 11 nOCJic
HJJiacKa cyu ua, y TOKY uenor ,i:i:aua. Ilpwrn ce Ka1<0 cy
ue1<or Typ1.1HHa 6one11e 0 1.111, na no npenopyuH HeKHX
,i:i:owao Ha KJJa,QeHaU CB. Cre$aHa ,i:i:a CC yMHje . neCH Ce Te
na.QHe y Kna,i:i:euau, o,i:i:a1rne cy ra ll3Ba.QHJIH, anll ce je
HCQCJIHO. IlOCCT110Qll HJlaJ{CHQa II UPKBCHl{X 3H.QllH3 paHH-
je cy craeJban11 Hosau u y pyny Ha ropfhoj noupw11un
n oMettyTOr Ka nllTCJJa. Taj cy 11oeau o6111.1uo Hynttna Bapo-
WKa .ueua. Ca.Jla ce TO BHWC He 1.lllHH. Ha OBOM MCCTY
Tpe6a ,11a ce n oMette 11 llCTaKne H j e,i:i:11a 11eraTHBHa •m.1bC-
11m ta. Y 11a11mM 3CMJb3Ma je seoMa pa11mpe11 o6111.1a1 i:i:a
nocCT11ou11 Kynnmx eoi:i:a, cra6ana tt rpo6oea 1rn,i:i:ajy OJl
o,i:i:ena no UCHH KOH'ltth na ra ec3yjy Ha rpafhC ttJlll rpMJbC
HOil: KYJITHOr o6jel\ra. Tor o6tt1.1aj a KOil: KJ!aJl:CHUa CB.
Grect>a11a HCMa: eepoaaTHO ra je HCKopcmuta l\PKBa.
BeoMa je y o6111.1ajy ,i:i:a omt Hoj11 ,QOJ!a3C pa.u.11 110Moh 11
,i:i:o~y yee1.1e TC npe11ohe y caMoj UPHiii! ( p11Tyan ua m~Ky6a­
Utt)a). Ilope/l caera TOra wTO paAe, u epoTHmbe )OW c
BC'ICPH o n acyj y KO HQCM 11 llPHD Y II KJlaJ{CUau, no Tp11nyT.
Cyrpa.r:tau nOCJJe cny>1<6e KOHall cc cHm1e, n a >1<eHa onnere
Oil: lbCra raT!bHH 33 My>l<a a ce61t Y3HUY Ja BC3HB3fh:C
•n ewHupa • (nperaqe). AKO .no6njc ,i:i:ere y roKy ro.o:uHe, TJ .
=====;;;; m=====;;;;
npe 1111yher ca. CTect>ana, i:i:oHehe up1<e11 o6ek.am1 .o:ap. Y
OUO.\I cnyqajy Kao o6aBC3HO cc Jl:OH<¥:C rahe 11 HOlllyJba 0,l(
,11y>1<a 1t HOWyJba o.n mene (>1<e11e 11 HC uoce rak.a) .
0Hl1 KOj11Ma 11e 6y.a;e llOMOhH OJI npac nocere, A0Jla3C
KJJa}1,C HUY H UPHBl! jow ,1.1;aanyT ' J.J;aKJJC cecra TPllTIYT
( Hen apaH 6poj!) 11 'lllHC 33BCTC. Ca11 OHi! Koj11Ma j e 611no
noMoktt, ,1.1;on a3C ll AOUHlljc: Ha ro,1.1;11Hy ,1.1;a11a nocne np~e
nocere H HCQCJhC!ha Jl:OHOCC o6eha11H .uap - >l<PTBy, a ll
nOCJIC noccfiyjy MapJbllBO OBY UPKBY 0 lbCUOj C.JlaBH.
TaKO caM oae NJillHC Mel)y TIOCCTHOUHMa UPHBC BH,1.l;CO
MHOro ,1.1;c1.1a'lllfia, Koj1t cy ce nouawann Kao 11 OJipaCJ111:
Kynoeantt 11 JIP>l<aJill 3anaJbene caehe. Muor11 OJI lhllX cy
11MaJlll no o6en<y y JICCHOM yxy, WTO jc 3HaK Jia cy llM y
pOJJ.llTCJba y~rnpana J.'ICQa II i:i:a cy OBI! ,i:i:e<ial..(11 33BCTOB3U ll .
llapoBH cy pa3uoepcu11: uoeau, >1<11To, yJbc, 4apanc, nnaT-
tto, npel)a, KowyJhC, MTJ.'I. Je.nnaKO pa,a.c 11 ceJbaH11 1t aapo-
wauu. Onu Kojn cy 33acToean11 JJ.CLIY •3a 3Apaejc t ( HO)ll-
Ma ce ne llP>l<C Jle11a) 11 oun KOj 11 cy Jl:OJla3HJlll Kao 6ew -
'1CllHl1 na .uo6lln11 ,i:i:eTC, Jionoce Kao mpTBy 1t janbe. T a-
1mo jarlbC o6ee,i:i:c ce Tp11nyT OKO 11pKBc, y npaeuy 3JICC11a-
-11ai1eao, na cc upella 11pHBC1Mmy. Uptme!baK OHlla npe.a;.
11p1<BCHHM epaT11M a 3ace1.1e jarfheTy yxo, na KpBJbY 113
once<1e11or KOMa,a.nha yxa noMa»<e .UCTC no 'leny, o6pa311Ma
H 6pa,a.11 , ,1.1;3KJIC y BllJl:Y KpCTa. Ta1<Ba j anba,a. cc HC KOJby,
Hero 11X UPKBCHa ynpaaa npo,1.1;a je y K0p11CT l{pKBe. Hcro
CC T3HO pallJl H y M3H3CT1tpy CB. n 11M11TpHja y 8CJICCY 11 y
~l!IOrllM npyr11M MCCT11Ma. Mel)yrnM, Ha roncJ:1apo11y Ka-
MCllY y 6m1311nll Ce. HnKonc, HO.\\ yoq11 Dypl)eB,1.1;a11a
,1.J;OJ1a3C MHor c llCpoTKIUbC Kao ll OHH KOj ll cy ll06llJlll llCLIY,
o6efiano jarlbe ( n erno mm fiypan) ce HOJbC 11a creu 11 11
6au a ca CTCHC. y o6nqaj y HaKO cc BPWH KOA UPKBC CB.
CTect>aua a11,Q11 ce yTHuaj xp Hw k a11cTea u l\PKDC . 06n'laj
jc .na OHll 1<oj11 Ha D ypljes,1.1;a11 0J1J1a3e 11a roee.r:tapoe
KaMeH llOl)y ll Ha KJ1a.ncua11 CB. CTcct>aHa: OHllM3 HOjuMa je
Kn a,i:i:enaQ Ha nyry, cnpafiajy OAM3X 11a noapaTKY c r oac-
.uapoea KaMeHa, a llPYrH Mory TO Y'll1HllTl1 II KOj11 ll311
Jl:OUUHjC.
Mttorn ce y 11eBOJbl! 3aaCTyjy na npecnaeJbajy ce.
CTeQmna, nopeJI csoje o611<1He nopo.n11'IHC cnym6e. 06ll-
====== i22 ======
'-!aj je Ha Oe'leM noJby A3 ce nojcJl.HHUH y n 114HOj mm
nopo.1v1 1-moj HeBOJbll (6o.necr, yMHpalhC, HCycncx y pa,Qy 1t
en. ) 3llBeTyjy .Qa npecnaeJbajy, •.Ila Jl.Hra nattan:1.j a-, o
HCHOM npa3H HHy. T aj 3!1WTHTHHK ce yJ HMa Ha HOIIKy: one
ce CBCWTCl lHJ\ y, KOjll Y311M!I eeattl)en.e ll H!ICY MU:C OTBapa.
HaHMe, oTeapa cc eaaul)eJbe (KIMira) 113 Kor cc •mrujy
HC.QCJbH!I II npaJHlfl-111!1 eeattljeJba H KOJ], CB!IKOr je 3aTlllC!l-
HO Ka,Q Tpe6a J:l!I CC 'lltT!I. npeM!I TOMC 1<!11<0 CC OTBOpH
eeattl}eJbc, yJHMa ce H aaeeTtta CJtym6a. Amt oim I<OjM
O'ICKyjy 110Mofi OJl. CB. CTe<flatta HC HJtY ceeurremrny Jl.!I
OTeapa eeattl)CJbC Hero ce C!IMH HCn ocpCJl.HO 3!1BcTyjy CB.
CTC$atty H npttCJiymyjy MY i:1oarneomo tta tta<urn 1<oj11 je
y o6H'-iajy y uenoj Jymuoj Cp6ttjn. Taj cc 0611•iaj ttany-
llITa, aim H y Hawe epeMe 6y;:i:e Jl.!I cc Ha .o:att cs. Cre<flatta
J:lOHCCC y UPl<BY no Jl.CCeT I! BHWC nattarn ja »3!1 3JJ:pa ej e -.
Oee ro,u11He , 1937, BpeMe je fo1no epno pl)aoo, n a JhY.UH
HII H3 eapoum HHCY MOr JIH na1<0 .uolm .uo up1<ee o.u BO.UC H
6naTa. CTora je 6 11no MaJJO TaKBHX n aHarHja: ceera rnecr,
o.u KOjHx n cT H3 e~powH , a caM? je,uHa ca cc~a. 3 a o6pe.u
nOJ:lH3alha naHaniie ,uoHccy ce JCJ:llla naHaru1a eenH<11me
npocQ>ope c OTHCKOM o.u KpCHHl<a, Kyeatta IlllICHHUa II
MaJIO upttor mrna; HCKll }l,OHecy C3MO j e,uau XJICil'IHfi,
nenttlhy. Mel;y OHHMa KOjH cy oee I'O,[{llHC ,[{OllCJIH naHa-
rnj e 6110 je H Mme Apcnfi Pa6 yllI<IHCKH (crap 56 ro.u.)
H3 Ce. HttKOJJC. Pa6y w<1njQH cnylf<e •crap ce . H1rnona •
( HHKOJhJJ,a11). JloK je M11Te 6110 JJ.CTC, 6110 je 6onccratt, H
MajKa MY t BCTHJta JJ,a JJ,Hra naHaruja ' CBCTOM Cre¢iaHy,
aKO joj Mme OOJJ.paett. Otta je nocne craJJHO 33. ceor
lf<HBOTil JJ.Plf<aJJa TY npttcnylf<6y ll OCTaBttJta H CMHY aMaHCT
JJ,a OH TO 'IHHH IlOCJIC }l,OK je lf<HB. MttTC Ha JJ,aH CB.
CTe¢iaHa, Kao H JJ.PYrtt KOjM npHCJiylf<yjy, nopeJJ. Tora WTO
HOCH 110.\\CHYTC creapll y UPKBy, npH~la KO.U Kyfie n oceTe.
3a eenl UPKBH Mory .ua 6y.uy H y CTeap1tMa H JlOKJIOHHMa
o.u ecfie epenmx:rn. n oMCHyo caM CJIHKY ce. Ctt<f>a11a
)le<IaHCKOr, 113p al)eHy 0 TpoWKy Tproeua 3naTKOBHfia . .ll.o
oee I'O,[{HHC UPKB3 CB. CTc¢iaHa HHje HMaJla 3BOHa. Oee
I'O}l,ttHC je yO'IH npa3HHKa JlOCTaBJbCHO HOBO 3BOHO, Koje je
UPKBH nOKJIOHHO r . Hrlb3T 3naTHfi, tproeau, 33. 3JJ,paBJbe
ceoje 11 ceoj e n oponHue.
====== m======
On UPKllC ce. [Cre¢iaHa] )le<1aHCKOr 11c Tpa»rn ce,
McljyTttM, JlOMOk C3MO 33. IbyJie 11ero It 33. CTOKy. Eoncctty
l(pynuy CTOKY (o6tt<IHQ l<Olbe KOjH HC ~1ory JJ,a MOKpe)
o6nonc Hofiy H Cp611 n Typun o,uHocHo ll npaeornaBHll 11
MycnH~taHH , 01<0 u enc orpane KojoM cy orpal)emi upKna 11
rpo6lbe. 06eone n o Tp1tnyr, y npaeuy 3}1,ectta-Haneeo.
Jl:rnac cc CMaTpa na ce CTOKa o6eO,!l,H OKO UPKBC, llITO Hcfie
6 11T11 npno6HTHO cxeaTatLC. HattMC y ttaw1t~1 1<pajceH ~1a jc
ecoMa pamnpe11 o6n4aj .u:a ce TaKO o60JJena CTOKa o6eonn
OKO llC3/lallllX rpo6oea, TC ce ll y OBOM npllMcp y c Oe<1er
110.fha pa.mt CBaKaKO 0 06eolje1Ly OKO rpo61ha.
H u IlOMCH)'TH m up • KO.ti. UPKBC HHje ocrao nowTeije11:
Ii OH je yey<ICH y HapOJlHH KYJIT. y !bCMY HMa YBCH BO!le,
,\\ai.;ap MaJIO. Ka.t1. je BCJIHK3 cyrna, OH,Ua !lOl)e •CCJIO . (Tj.
Ih}'AH H3 .Qattaw lbe eapolll11uc Ce . H1rnonc) c n11n1joM, H
TY cc 4HHI! MOJICJlCTBl!je 33. Kttwy. J1y}].ll Y3MY OH!la
KaHTC, 11.16aue cay BO.Qy H3 Bllpa Ii O'lllCTC ra. JloK 01111 Taj
nocao cepwc, eepyjy .ua fie n acru ll KHma. Pa1111je cy 33. TY
np1tmrny .QOHOC1Jm 1 Ha ro ~1cCTO jeno ll nnlic, 11 TY ce
KJtaJJa CTOKa ll r OTOBHJIO jeno. TaKO je 'llilhCHO npe 06-
11aBJb31ba UPKBC.
KynT .ll.e<IaHCKOr HC lf<IIBll Ha Oe<1cM noJhy ca ~\O y
113JIOlf<CHl1M nerCH.Q3Ma, LIPKBCHOM npocnaBJhalhy, MarHj-
CKO-pHTYaJIH\tM paJllbaMa II ycnOMCl!aMa Ha HCr }],3WlbC
BC3C OBllX Kpaje ea Ii Mattacr11pa Jle4aHa. 0 Jlc<IaHCKOM ce
Ha Oe<1c~1 noJby n eeajy 11 necMe. ja HllCaM HMaO np11nHKe
.ua <1 yje,11 Tal<BC necMe, aim cy Mey Ce. HttKOm1 yeepaea-
Jtll }],a HCKH )J.aB'IC n ttnepKOBCKII H .Qpyrn CC.fha!IH y CCJJy
H eMaHHH UJJMa ncsajy je.nHy necMy o Kpan.y .ll.e4aHCKOM.
3 Ha<1aj oeor KYJITa )le<1aHcKor je aemrn. )lox cy MOHy-
MCHTaJIHC 3a.Qy»<6HHC uaum x cpe;.tlbOBCKOBHll X BJiaJ.lapa
CJlOMCllllUll !lame rnasc II BCJlll'IHHC y npoWJlOCTll, »<Hoa
H3p<l.tJ.lla necMa, HCKll CllCQHQ:lH'IHO cpnCKll 11apo.QHll 06ll-
•1a1u ( Kao Hnp. 11opo,t1,H4Ha cny»<6a) H nojase Kao WTO j e
osaj KYJIT lle<1a11cKor y HCTO'IHOM n onap.Qapjy cy .a:o1<a311
»<tteor cpncrea 11 noKa3yj y npantt CTHll'IKH KapaKTep
Harner »<HBiha y n oeap,uapjy. 3aro llX Tpe6a ue ca~IO
npoyqaeaTtt, Hero 11 uerosaT11 11 4yBaTu.

I1PA3HI1K APJIHJEB
I1JII1 APHHJEB .Ii:AH
Ha1<0 ceH npaeocnaBHH Cp6H np1ma.rtaiY je,uuoj llPKBH
H CBI!cc rtpme ncrora KaJlCH.Qapa, 11na1< y f<YJtTY nocroje
311aT11c paan1t1<e tta\.\el)y noje,1:u11111x o6.naCTH mm Kpajesa,
1<oje om1a npe,llCTaBJbajy noce611e 1<apaKTep11cr111<e noje-
llHHHX Kpajeea HJIH o6naCTH. j e,!lHa Tlll<B3 oco61tTOCT je ll
npa3HOBalbC Apnujeba mm ApHujeba gaua, npa3HHH KOjll
ce oco611ro nowTyje y ceeepo11cro•rnoj Boc1m a cacm1M
peTKO ll ll3Y:JeTHO ,!l,pyrae y Bocmi ll X cpl{erosmrn, JJ.Ol< je
KOA Cp6a y 11.pyrn M o6nacrnM a Taj npa3HHH caepllICHO
11eno311aT. 3a6enea<eno je l!MC ror npa::i111rna It Y 06.mrny
ApHuje u Op11ujebga11, y OHOJlHHM 1I.o6oja. 1 06JIHK •Op-
11nje • 113 11acnoea je o•mrneJJ,110 rmcapc1<a HJIH WTaMnap-
CKa r pcw1<a, llOWTO ce HH34C y 411T3HY TCHCTY TOr <tna11Ka
BllWC HC HaJ13311 11ero CaMO Ap1m je II Ap1111jeeu:11. 06.mtKC
Ap11uje 11 Ap11uje 336enc>fO!O je, ecponaTHO y 5oca1tc1<oj
nocamm11 me je cny>t<HO Kao napox, u j. Jeclrru k.• 06;mK
ApHuje 4yje ce y npu6HHllky ( Ycopa ).
j a cut y ceny 6pouy y CeM6ep11ju 3a6e11em110 (196 1),
nope.n o6m1Ka Apmt jeB.naH jotll H ApAujebo, a Y OKO-.
n mm 6 p4KOr caM cnywao (196 1) u 3a6enemuo CTllXOBauy
ll3peKy.
OgcbeWoi[a) l11111jt cbt j tcy111c1e .w111rujt,
OgduiiioiaAp11ujtcbejtcyH..,Kap11ujt
======325======
Ofutttu11 Ap1111 jee 1111u ApnHjeB .nau npe-rnocraBJhajy,
Kao II o6Ji11L{ll Ap m1 je OJtHOCHO Ap1111je, .na HMa II HeKH
CBeTaU no l!MeHy Apu u jc HJlll Apn u je. n paeocnam1a l.lP-
KBa, Mel)yrHM, He 3Ha HI! 33 K3KBOr CBeu a no.n l!MeHOM
Apu uje 1tm1 Ap1mje, na ce u a npeoM MeCTy nocraeJha
11HT3lbe 0 KOM CTBap110 ceeu y MOa<e .na ce pa.n1t. JlaTyM
lberoea npoc11aeJba1ba llOMOkH ke .ll,a ce O.QrOBOpH Ha TO
nuTalbe.
Apnuj ee.Qau ce y cenepo1tCT04uoj IiocH11 npa311y j e y
1<allleM CTOneky o6n'lHO 5. cemeM6pa no HOBOM 1<aJ1e11.na·
p y OJUtoc110 23. aorycra no crapoM 1<a11e11.Qapy; y Xepuero.
BHH ll II y HCKHM MCCTHMa cpe.QH>e H ceeepoHCTOMllC BocHe,
imp. y Majce11u11 11 CeM6ep11 j 11, npa3uyjy 22. aerycr
OJ].HOCHO 4. CCllTeM6ap Kao Apn11jCB.QaH.
H a .QaH 22. aBrycra no CTapoM 1<aneH,!1.apy npaeocnaeua
upKBa n pocnaen.a yc no.'lle11y tta TJ)H cseua, Meljy 1<oj 11Ma je
11pB11 no pell.y CB. A r aT011111<, a Ha .ll,aH 23. aerycra npo-
cnae.Jha yc110Me11y ua HCKOJlHKe CBeue, Meljy 1<0juMa je
npsH Ha cm1c1<y My•1cm11< Jlyn , H !hCroBO tt Me je o6H4110
It CaMO y WTaMna1 mM 1<ane11.napHMa MO)]. Tor .QaHa. H ,
CIJCWTCHHIJ,1-l MOj ll o6anlhajy o6pe)].e ror )].a!la pe)].OBHO ce
y MOJmTBaMa o6pal\ajy My4ettlll<Y Jlyny, Kao wro ce y
o6pe.att Ma .aau pa1mje o6paka jy cB. A r aro11111<y. PacnuTH·
eao caM ce 0 TOMC t<OJl Mt!OrHX CBCWTCHllMa, II caMO jell.all
( 1101<. Joeau jecf.rr111\, npon y Marnajy) .llOMllWJhaO ce
na ce 110)]. Apm 1jeM UJlll Ap11 11 jcM y CTBapl-l MpJtje CB.
l1p1rnej. T y ceojy M1tcao J . Jetlmd'i. je H3 HC0 y3rpcll. H
Yl<paTl<O y jem10M 4JlaHl<y, H3HMC .na cy Hapo.ll,Hll u a3HBH
Apuuje u Apn ujc MOrnu HaCTarn j e.QHHO OJt ltMCHa ffpu·
llt}. 3 Ha Ty Ml!Cao )].OJ1a31l0 jc ll B. C1tpomma y CBOM
noMenyro."I 4na1my, am1 jy je OJt6auuo, 3acrpam1BtuH
cacsHM y cuoj uM pacMaTpa11>11Ma. • H aH."IC, ua ;1a11 23.
asrycra, cCM Ha MY4CHH1<a Jly na, n panoc11au11a llPl<Ba
11pa3uyjc ycnoMeuy II 11a CBC WTCllOMY4CHH1<3 rl oTmia,
CCTllCMOna JlHOllCl<Or , CBC WTCHOMY'l"CHHl<a Yl p1m eja, CllH·
C}(Oll3 !lllOllCMOr , CB. Bmrropa, CB. An5aua ll Jtp. j CJtHHO
'11<»<.po.ll,•l.
'R.C"poe",.'"°"" """"
====== 120======
CBCTa'IKO IIMC lt3 TOr COMCKa Koje HMa CJIH'IHOCTII c o6m1-
L1HMa Apmt jc tt Apnttje je l1pm1ej, H o•utrnc.ntto jc .ua ce
KOJl. THX HapoJlHllX H33ttB3 pa.nu 0 .1-1e<tx:ipMal{llj 1t y ttapon-
HOM roaopy HMC H a Hp1rnej, WTO HHje HHMaJIO Heo6 11•1HO.
Pa,uH auanornje caMo J:ta nOMCHCM npuMepe CB. BapTOno-
Meja, HOjH je y uapOl1Y nocrno BpaTOJIOMttje, n Mwasejc,
KOjH cy OOCTaJllt Ma!<HB ll je, n poMCHHBlllll Y.31{ ll POJl. ( na
je TO, no 11apon110M, HCl<H: HCOJI.pel)e11 CBCT31\ »<CJICKOI'
po;::i;a). A jow noy<IHlljH npttMCp npeJ],CTaBJba HMC npa3HH-
1<a Yce1<0Balba - Yce1<0BaHttja, 1wje je KO.U Cp6a y
MajeBHL\H noCTaJJO Cnoeem1je.
Hpm1ej, •mjy ycnoMeHy npasocnaetta L1p1rna npoc.11ae-
Jba 23. asrycra no CTapoM HaJICfutapy, 6HO je COHCKOO y
Jhtotty H 3Ha<rnjaH LIPHBCHH rmcau: micao je ~more cm1ce
y o.n6patty xpmuhattcraa. CTpa.uao je My1.1etttt'IHOM
202. ro.uutte y .no6a pHMC1<or uapa Ceeepa. A rm, npaeo-
CJiaBHa qp1<ea HMa jow je.QHOr cee1.1a wcror HMe11a. To je
H pwHej, en ttc1<on C wpMwjyMa, 1<oj1t je Ta1<o~e 3aBpWHO
>KHBOT i<ao MY'-ICHHI< 304: 6a'-!eH je y CaBy. YcnoMCHY 11a
fbera npaeOC11aBirn 1.1p1<ea npocnaBJba 26. MapTa no crapoM
1<anew.Qapy.
06311poM ua TO .!la je neHa.uawfb11 CttpMHjyM seoMa
6JIH3Y cesepoHCTO'-IHOj QOCHH, O'-lemmarm 6HCMO nocroja-
lbe i<ynTa Tor CBCQa. Met)yrttM, 3a lbera ce J{aHac He 3Ha y
Hapo1w HH y CpeMy, a KaMOnH y EOCHH, jow Maa.e y
XepucroBllHH. Taj KYJJT ce je, O'-IHrJJe.!lHO, n 3ry6no, yra-
cwo, ycnen BCJJllHHX eTH1t'-l1<1tx 11poMetta tt 3Bpwem1x y
CpeMy nocne 304: .uoceJbaBalba H OJlCCJbaBaH>a pa3wux
11apo.Qa, .QOCeJbaBafbe Cp6a, 11poaaJJa Monrona, n0Qtt11je
MHrpaQwje ca EaJJKaHa, llTJl. KyJJT c11pMttjCKor CB. Hp1111e-
ja onpmasao cc y CpeMy miaK CBC JlO y n03Hll cpen1b11
Be1<; llOCTOjana je II l.IPHBa - emlCKOilllja CB. H p1111eja II
11aceJbC villa S. Yrenei - y 6ntt31llUI J{aHawlhC CpeMCKe
M1tTp0BllQC. 5 .UOI( ce je E\YJIT Tora cpeMCE\Or CB . l1p1111eja
cacBmt 113ryfo10, o.npmaea ce, Mct)yrtt ~1 , 11 TO Ha Tep1no-
p11j11 6m1C1<oj CpeMy, l<}'JIT 11.pyror Hp1rncja, Ta1<olje era-
' l<OHcraHTHH)Hp<...:1<: XpH1U~an<HH CJ!C1"C HOT)"ror10r-pa¢>cl<oj -•H1<no cyp•
6aJ. 1<a..:1<HX """"""'· 3iX>pHHJ<l{Q H<;1'9>n'H JI O jHp<~<NO , J , Iio<>rpa.a 1959,527- 528
=====;;;; m=====;;;;
poxp ttlllk.attCHOr CBel{a, HOjH j e >KHBCO H Pa.II.HO y je.Qwoj
.QarICHOj 3CMJbH. Ornyna TO? MHCJJWM .Ila TO Hl!je TClllHO
o6jacHHTH.
Cpnci<o CTaHOBHHWTBO cpe,!llbC 11 ceeepott CTO'-IHC BocHe
je 3HaTttHM .nenoM nope1<nOM 113 Xepueromme, 11 TO cra-
HOBHHWTBO je MOrJJO Co6oM .QOHCTH 3Halbe 0 Hp11ttejy
JlttOHCMOM 11 lberOB KYJIT, na ra 3aJ.J;p>KaTtt H pa.3BHTH. y
HallIHM jy>KHHM Kpajemrna xpHllil'ia11crso je 6imo yxsaTH-
no Tal<O n;y6oKOr l<OpcHa jow y PliMCl<O .r:to6a J{a je MHOro
on: Tora 11po;::ty>Kwno 11.a >KMBH H 110 JlOCCJbClbY Cp6a y Te
t<pajeBe H ;:ta ce t<OJl lhHX 011.pmaea aaxsa.n,yjyk.w TOMC WTO
je TY fot.no H 11.yroTpaj11e CHM6H03C po.'llaHCt<Or 11 CJIOBCll-
Ct<Or CJICMCHTa H llITO je HO.!l TaMOWlber cpnc 1<or CTaHOB-
HllWTBa fomo HOHTHHYHTCTa. TaKO ce y XepQeroBM1111 11
cMphy yonwre HOJl Cp6a Ha jyry 011.pa<aBajy 1<ynTOBll crapo-
xp11wk.attCK1tx CBCTilQa Hao 1111p. CB. Cp ~a, CB. KJIHMCHTa,
cs. Mapnma H 11.p., a M1trpanT1t H3 Xepuerostme pa3110-
CllJIH cy y Il03Httje apeMe TC HYJITOBC y BUJJ.Y i<yl11mx l!Jlll
po.noncm1x cnasa H y Jlpyre o6nacr11. Tai<o je 611no u ca
HYJITOM CB. H p11neja nwoHcKor. T a1<0 cc yjenno MO>Ke
06jac1mn1 WTO ce Taj HYJIT jaaJha caMO c11opa11.tt•mo, Tat<O
11.a y uerrnM i<pajCBHMa, 11np. y OHOJIMHH .Uo6oja, ttMa cena
y 1<oj11.11a ce yonlllTe He 3Ha 3a •Apm1ja ' ( ttnp. ceno
Eywnernk), .!lOH ce y 11.pyrnM MCCTHMa 3Ha 3a lher a. .UoM
HCHH CCJbaQU y .UolbOj Bpykmm KOJ]. TeCJittk.a HHCY yon-
WTC llll lllTil 3HaJlH 0 Apnttjy HJIJ.I Apn11jesn;a11y, y n ptt6H-
lllik.y ce Taj Jta11 npa3ttyje: Tor na11a 11e saJba nO'-IHlhaTM
CHOBatbe llJilt Tf\a11:.e {1962) .
H a )f(aJJOCT, H3 ca,'l\e Xcpueroswtte 11,'l\a Bpno Mano
o6aBCWTCiba 0 CTUibY HYJITa CB. H p1mcja Jll!OllCHOr y TOj
o6nacrtt. 3a6enea<eno je ca~\O n:a y ce;1y <t>aTHMQH y
611Jieh1<11M Py11:1111aMa m 1m11 pon: .Qy'-IHk.H, f\oj11 cy y <t>aT-
1muy JlOUJJm 113 Kpi!BOWttja y Bo1<11 H 11.a cy nope1<noM 011.
po.!la Cy6ornk.a a cnane •Apn 11je B11.a11 • .~ 3a6eJte)f(Ctto je
JOW n:a sen111<tt poJJ. .Qy1<e y ceny Kn,ett QMMa, y .Qa6ap-
CHOM nolby, cnaBe Apm1jCB.UaH. Te .Qy1\C cy cc paimje
======l2s======
3uan11 Cy6oT11k11. 1 foit. 1865. 6uno je y .Ua6py 9 noMona
THX ,UyKa. Cy6orn.ha je 611110 11 y ccny Bp611 KO.II f am<a
OKO 10 JJ.O,'o\OBa II CJl3Be Apnujeu.nau.• He MO>He 611Tll
11m<a1me cyM1i.e Aa cy TH .Urmtm y <t>aTHllLlll (Hao 11 01111
y Bp611) 11 lly1<c H KJI..eHllHM3 no crap11m1 je,n:a11 po.it,
nowTo cy cc H jemm 11 Apy rn pauuje 3na1m Cy6orn ktt H
cnane T Y ueo6wrno peTKY c1iany, •Ap1mjeell,am. H3rne-
Jt3 Mil 43 H .na cy yonWTC CBll HOj H CJl3BC TY p en<y
cnaay y cTBapH orpa11u11 11cTOr po.ua. n owTo je 3a
JI.rrnke-Cy6orn he y cJ:ianm1111 3a6cncmcuo .ua cy .n:o-
llIJIH 113 Kp1mom11ja, Mor1m 611CM0 O'ICKl!BaTn .ua 1b11xoaa
pona 11Ma y 6o1m. 3a11cra, y 6o1m 11.'ola Cy6oT11fia tta m1wc
Mecra 11 cm1 cy 01111 lUUhllM nopc1<.noM 113 Upue r ope:
jcrom ca 1-!ena, II TH CJl3BC CB. Hm1jy, JJ.pyrn 113 Hl!KWll-
lia, u TU cnaBe Dypl)ee,!la11. 3a Cy6oTuhe y fp6Jby cc ca.'olo
eenu na cy n3 U pne r ope.' Pa3Jltt•mTe cnaue roeopc Aa
.Uy1<e- .llrudm no Xepueromum, na1<0 crap11ttoM Cy6o-
n1 lm , ucli.e 611Tu nopeKJIOM Ill! oa 1<oj11x n,anaWlbl!X Cy6o-
n 1ka y f>OKH.
ilO"Tpc6110 jc, MC ~)'THM, J1a cc 11apo'111TO ucra1<11e aa cy
n,ea 11c1mT11Ba'la y Xepueronumt 11e11ocpe,u;,110 y 11apo.ny
3a6eJIC>KllJlll H331iB •Apm1je1lJlaH,, WTO 3Ha4!1 ,!),a je TO
3allCTa 1<apo.Qm1 tta3tt B. Hu jc na1< 1<ane)l,c110 KOr .rtatta ce
npa311yje Apm1jen.na11 y Xepucrommu. Ka1<0 Me je o6aBe-
cr110 jonan He.a.uh, jepo.\\011ax 113 Mocrapa (y m1cA1 y),
Apm1jco.n.a11 y Xepueroe1rn11 cc npa3ttyje 22. anrycra no
crapo.I\ 1<anc11ilapy (4. cerrre.116pa), 1<aaa 111ia<1c UPKBa npo-
CJJaB!ba ycn0Mc11y ua cs. Araro1ut1<a, My•1c11111<a 113 ao6a
uapa Ma1<cuMuja11a, 1-mj 11 je nory6JbC11 y C11m1MBpttj11 y
T pa1<11 j11 .
Apm1jen11a11 1<ao poi:toec1<a cnaoa cycpelic cc tt y Docm1
11 , WTO jc BPllO 3Ua'la j110, i<aO npc11cram111u11 TC CJlalJC
jan}hl[jy cc y npno.11 peny Cy6omliu .
Y ceny 3ano>1< jy (CMpe1<om1 u11) 1<paj py1111111<a Epe:ie, y
caMoj 6pe311 11 Maxantt >KHBJl poA Cy6onlhll , nope1<no.11
J .• 11.,,.pUJ o6ai Mh:J l.>6opc1<0no.w y X<-M, CE3. 1.XVIJ,~1954,
2 •/hoc,.....,c.on...,,._). He;11<1>&,l965.
'C-O ll"""h<BtOh: 00.00.CF.3.XX.~, 191!.290.196.olOl.S I S..~
====== 129======
Oil fau1<a y Xcpuerom11111. Omt CJiaee Apm1jcs.na11, je.m1-
1111 y 411Taeo.\1 1<pajy. He.1tae110 (1964) caM 3a6cnc>1<110 .n.a
cy ott11 crapmm.11 Oil raui<a y Xepueronn1111, a pa1111 jc caM
3a6enearno 11 11e1<c Apyre nojewmocr11 o lbHMa: 11a cy
c-rap11ttoM .Uy411fi11 ll3 Xcpucromrne n ila 11cry cnany
11,'olajy 11 Cy6crmh11 y 01<on111111 Tp110Ba, y ceeep11oj no.nro-
pm111 nna1mttc Tpec1<aem1e. •0 11 Cy6orn hu y 3ano>1<jy
o6aeJbajy csojy c1iaey 22. asrycra (4. cem cM6pa no uo-
BOM 1<anc11.rtapy), 1<a/:UI no 1<a11e11.uapy naJJa ycno.11c11a 11a
ce. Ararott1rna. O•mrncmio je, 1111a4e, aa cm1 T11 Cy6oTn·
h11, .lly1<e-,Uy411h.11 y Xcpucros111111 11 Doc1m npeACTaB-
n.ajy orpa111<e je.1t11or 11 ucror po.ua. Kan. CJiaec Cy6cmdm
y 3ano>1<jy, Apm1jeeaa11, Ol!Jla >1<e11e ·113 6n11>1<c 01<om111c
llC P3JJ.C ' Y pyt<C t.
Y cCJiy Oi<pyrmum (.uon1111a M11co4e, cpc111ba Boc11a)
3Ua jy 3a Apm1jee.i:ta11, aJJH ra 11c npa311yjy. Bepoeanio 11a
311ajy 3a lbCra crora UJTO cc y 01<onmm jae}hl[ Kao poAoe-
c1<a cnaBa: TaAa CJiaee jcepHhH 11a n na11H11111.1n KO.U Bape-
uia 11 )1{1m1<om1h.11 y H11w11hnMa (capajcnc1<a Bpxoe1111a).
H a »<anOCT, uucaM ca311ao 11nwrn 6nn»<c mt o Ta4110M
!laTyMy Tnx CJiaaa 1111 o nope1<ny THX po.uoaa.
Cy6cn11ha 11Ma 11 y Opa411, llCT04HO Oll Capajeea, 11 01111
. TaKOlje CJJane Apm1j cu.ua11. Ta1<0 llCTO HMa HX II y 6.n11>1<oj
01<om11111 T paemma, 1<oj11 TaKOlje CJiaee Apnnjeeaau. Te
110.QaTt<C caM .1to6110 1965. on ll3JlJIC>KllllX CBCWTtllllt<a,
1<oj11 cy Me jom o6anccr11n11 11a je nj Apm1jc Araro11111<,
Tj. ila ce npocnaelba 22. aerycra no crapoM 1<anc11,n,apy 11
aa ce 01111 y MOJlHTBaMa o6pahajy CB. Araro11111<y.
WcMaTit3aM Jla6po-6oca11CKe enapxuje 33. ro.i:t. 1884- 1886.
.uo11eo je cm1ca1<, no uapox njaMa, 1<ojy CJiaey .rtp>1<11 1<0-
j11 poll. Ha >KanOCT, raj cnucaK m1je n0Tny11, a 11Ma
Ii .upyrnx r pema1<a. Ta1<0 11IIp. y lbeMy ce mir)l.e ue
TIOMH!bY MaJIO npc llOMCHyrll )l(lllll<OBtthu, a y napox11 j11
•Bapem •, )' t<Ojoj je fo!JJO ll CCJlO flJJalllllU!l.(8, llOMlllbY CC
MeQy OHHMa 1<oj 11 CJlaee CB. Jlyt<y II HCl<ll Jcnp11h11. 11 BpJIO
BepoeaTHO aa je pe.rtaKTOp CTaBllO •Jlyt<y • MCCTO •Jlyna •.
•• MIUl. C. <l...,...,_M~: B11to'"'" Hu•i•· CE3, Xl..l ll,&oorpu 191S, JIS •
.. ~.._....,... .... llTJIOOC>lmi<•"P-;n,cx~-l'OJlM­
KYlS86.29.
====== 330======
n o.\\lllbY ce Kao ,[),a cnaee ce. Araro11111<a Jly411ka 11 Cy6o-
rnh11 y napoxttjH •Bapcw •,u a rn Jly4111i1111 Cy6oTHfiH cy
o<mrne.11:110 no crap1rn11 jei:tatt po.~ tt orpaHaK Cy6onilia 11a
3anomjy, o.n 1<0j11x cy y,uaJbemi caMo 11c1<011111<0 cant
xo,[l,a. Yee.QCHO je na c1iane ce. Araromn<a cea1<a1w ca~IO
crora WTO CBCIUTC!Ulllll 1111cy 3Hamt KO je u UJTa je
Apm1je. . .
Jla6po-6oca11rna enapx11ja o6yxsarnna 1e 1<paJCM XIX
ee1<a 11ajeelu1 .a.co 6oc11e: c 113y3en<oM ccecpo11cro•111c
llpnuc, H3Mel}y
6oc11e 113Mel}y ll.OlbllX TOHOBa 6oc11e 11
Caee 11a ceeepy 11 ncuor (jy}frnor) pa3nol}a Cnpe<1e 11a
jyry. IloMCH}'TH W c~laTJl 3aM H3 1886. ll:lBOJ.l,11 HC HOmt ~O
po.1i:ona ll3B3H cpe,UlbC ( 11 CCBCp-OHCTO<me) Iiocue KOJH
CJJ3BC ten . Jlyny • (Tj. Ap1mjeBJ:lllH, 23. anrycra o.1woc110
5. cemeM6pa). O<mrnc.rum cy ceew-re11nuu 6111111 y 336ny-
,ttll y norneny Apm1ja mm Ap.rmja, na MCCTO H.era CTaBJba·
mt Jlyna (1um, no lbHXOBOM, Jlyny). A .a.a ce 6aw pa.i.11 o
Ap1111jeBJJ.att}', TO je )'TBp.a:110 ttecyM tb1rno noi<. 8. C11po-
m111a, caewTCmtK, Koj11 je 11 nwmo no3uaoao TC Apm1je~-
1.1e. Oo lllc,\13Tll3My, tCB. Jlyriy t CJlaBC y riapOXllJll
np11>aBOp-CMpT11hn: C11MeyttOB1tlm, K_oua<1eBnhH, T o-
mtl'ill, nll.JbaHa; y riapox11jn Hmt<ll<ll<O): lliKOJIHllUll; y
riapoxnj11 KaounMa: nejaKoB11h11, Ta.!llllm, Ma1mB11h11; y
11apoxuj11 B11jat1a1111"1a: Cy6oUiuliu 11 j oea11oetth11. 11 To je
cee y OKOJlllHll 0ptb3B0pa. n ope.II. 11e1mx OA THX po.uoea
(MaK1tm1h, C 11Mey11oe11h, Cy6<rrnh), B. C11poe1111a r10M11-
1be jow Ii OBe y TO.Ii Kpajy ll3Mel)y ,Uo6oja Ii nptt,aBOpa:
n a11ttk, Cje4ypa, Epl)aua11, r ojKOEmh. u y uapox11j11 f!OK.
C11pomrne (6 yKOBmta l<Oll .[lo6oja) cy Ap1111jCBUH n ej11-
<111lm, Aoct'.'JbeHll 113 cc1rn Ocrpy}f(Jbe y napox11 jtt Ucpo-
Bll'IKOj, rae cy 11111 ocTaJut pol}autt n ej 114uh11." Mcl))'T11111,
y Wc.11aTH:l."-Y H3 1886. y Ucpoe11<11<oj napox11j11 aean)'T cc
pel)ajy poAOB\! KOjll CJtaee CB. JlyKy: ttajnpe Kamh II
n ona.uuh, a Ha npyroM Mccry: Dy1<11h, EpljtJHau,, n3mth,
Cje~ypa H fleju~uli . 16 0•111rne.n110 je ll3 Ta rpyria po,uoea y
"H• """· "<¢Tf·
"llcro,63,67, 611,10.
•• IJ.Citpoo!Kl<l:-.pu,4)
""""·l'U>44
"lil....,.......... , 1"6,61.
======331 ======
croapn CJtaBu Aptt11jcenatt - CB. Jlyna, na jc pe,nat<Top
u tcnpaB.JbaO • cBor 1111¢>op111a11Ta, jep 111y no.na1.111 (•ce.
Jl yuy •) 1mcy tt3rnellaJm noy3,na1111. Cllpoemrn, 6oJbe n
HCllOCPCAllO o6aeeUJTCH, H3p11'111TO UOMHILC Kao Ap1111jeu-
ue Bpija111.1c, Cjet1ype u n ej11•rnhc.
311at1aj 110 je .Qa Mel)y 01111,11a Koju c..'laee Ap1111jcellall Y
T0.11 «pajy llM3 11 Cy6crmha. A spJIO je neponaTHO 11a cy 11
11c101 JlPYrll o.n rioMcttyritx ca.\.lo orpa111.111 OJl Cy6crmka,
jep jc y cenepnoj 6oc1111 BeoMa y o611t1ajy JUI orp311u11
nojc,ll.1m11x po.nona, nowTO ce pa3nttjy, y311Majy uosa npe-
:i11Mc11a no 11e1<0M 6.rm»<CM npeT«y, o6ttt1110 no 11e.a:y.
Cna«a1<0 na jc riOJl ynnUljCM U.Pl<Be o,a:ttoc110 cuewTe1111-
l<a y OKOJllll!lt n plh3BOpa AOUlJIO It JlO TOra .Qa CC Hr!p. Y
CCJIY nOTOttaUHMa npa3111tl< («Oji! HCl<ll y TOM CCJIY CJl3BC)
30ee CbeWo J/yUe - Ap11uje (C30llWTClbC M . M11w1<on11-
ha, acm:ttHTa np11pow10-MaTCM3Til'H<Or $at<YJITCTa y Ca-
pajeay). n oJl llCTil,\.I yr1majCM JlOUlJIO je )la CC 1133118
•Jlync• 3a Apm1jee.uatt •1yje 11 y Majee11UJt 11 y CcM6cpn-
itt, nopc.n o611•rn11jcr Apm1jce.na11 111111 Apm1je. 11MC npa-
:i1111«a y cpcJ:11beM po.UY .a:o«a3 je .o.a cc y 11apo.a:y CTeap110
UC :i11a KO je It E<aKao je TO CBCTllTCJb. Dm•1110 jc Ha
C1"paw111y (y Ma1<e.uo1111 jn), me I. HOBeM6pa npa311yjy
tenero Bp3<tC • (ce. npa<1cu11 KpM3H 11 Jla,\.ljan).
H.1100 caM y py«aMa 11 je.ua11 py1mnttc B. Cnpos1mc Y
1<0.11 011 H3HOCll u TO na ce ApmtjCBJ.t3H jam1.a Kao cnaea
nemtx MalhHX po.QoHa y n11a11111111 Kp1b1111y. 11 H a }f(aJIOCT,
11n jc pc«ao 11 «oj11 cy TO poAOBH. Je11n110 je curyp110:
Ap1111 jcn11a11 «ao ripa3mll< jc crora J:106po rio:i11aT y TOM
1<pajy (rnmmma Kp11.1m). Ami, y TUM «pajcmtMa 1mcy
npmcua o611M1mj3 11poy<rnna1ba riopc1rna crauo1m11illTBa,
na cc 1te 311a y KOJIUKOj ce MCp11 Apm1jeBJJ,all jaBn.a Kao
poJlOBCt<a CJl3B3 11 K3KBOr cy nope!Uia Tll po,!1on11. Mory
CaMO no.11c11yr11 1\3 jc cpncKO CTaHODHIHIITBO ll y TllM
1<pajcn11Ma c o6e crpauc pct<e 6oc11c Ao6p11M Jtcno111 nope-
l<J10111 H3 XepueroBHHC.
n o MOM ca)laill!LCM :lllillLy, KYJIT CB. Hp1111cja Jll10JICl<Or
yonwTc cpa:i.\.lep110 jc 11ajn11wc p33B11jc11 y cencpoucrott-
====== 112=====;;
HOj 6oc1111, II TO CaMO y nojacy j y>t<HO OA Caec 1<oj11 HC ltJlC
11a.11>c 11a jyr O.!l rurnmma Kp1b1ma, Tpc6aee 11 Majem1ue.
To cy 1ma'le KpajeBH 1<oj 11 cy jow no•1eTKO.\\ XVIII aeKa
6HJ111 peTKO HaCCJbCHJI, !ICnH.'ll\1'1110 nycrn ( 1111p. llCHa ceJrn
nopc.n Case), na je y TOKY XVIII 11 XIX ae1<a 61rno
)f<llBOr llOBOr 11acen,aaa1ba, a M C ~ Y cp n CKUM lIOCCJheHllUll -
Mll 6 11110 1ix jc AOCTa 113 Xcp11crom111c. Ttt cy Mormt
.no11CTH 1<ynT ce. Hpm1cja m 1011c1<or 11 3a.!l.p»<ant ra. Ha j-
npc y o6mmy poJtOBCKC mm J<yl\nc cnaoc, a 3aT llM 11 1<ao
up1rne11y cnaey.
Y CCJI Y CnaTHHH, y MllXaJlil n y w1<ap11 111a, KOil Doc.
Wa.'llLtll >trnee CTeea11oeuh11 mm Ta11acuh11 (I I 110.11.) 1<oj_1t
cnaee Apnujee H JI H Apm1jce llllH, u TO 5. cerrreM6pa. A y
ceny C1<pyrp11ky y ceecpnoj nonropmm ruia111111e Tpe6a-
ec .nae 1<yfic 6or.na11oe11ka •nOCJJymyjy• rora JJ,aua 0,11
19 16. ro.ZI1111e. PoJt Epe-Epulm y ce1111Ma By1<acoeLtHMa Ii
0Hpl(OBJ111Ma Ha Ma jeouu11, nopel(110M H3 Xcpuerootttte,
c11 a1mm1 cy •Jlyne ' · n owTo cy HM 11011a311m1 M11orn ro-
cn1, npoMe1mm1 cy cnaay Ha Hm<OJI>.na11. Jlyj1tlm H Mttja-
Toe11h11 y ceny IleJI>aoa:.ia y Maj emmn, 33jemm1.rnor 110-
pel(11a, cnaee Apm1jeo11a11, a TaKO H JlaK11h11 y 6p1tj ecry.
36or TOra WTO Ta11ac1th1t c11aec TOr ,QaHa, y Maxan11
IlywKapnMa (.U. C11aT1111a) tta Ap;rnje cc O.Qp>t<aoa t 36opt,
11 TO y je.n11oj o6H<rnoj w ymt, r11c 1111a4c 11e.'lta HHKaKeor
KYllTHOr o6jeKTa (caonWTCtbC J. H eJU1ha).
Ap1111jea tt.rrn Ap1111jee 11att y TOj o6.nacrtt je 11o6po
no3HaT npa3HHK, jep Ta.Ila cnaee II llCKC llPKBC, a K011
je1111c llPKBC TOr .na11a ce CKYlllha CBCT 113 w npoKC OK01111-
HC. 0JlMax .na uanoMCHCM na cy CBC TC CCOCKC UPKBC 113
HOBHjer BpeMe11a, rpal}e11e y X I X II xx eeKy, HCHa MO}f{-
Jia 11a MCCTY r.ne je 11ocrojana KaKea .npee11a upHna 1-urn
1<anc11a. Te UPKDC cy ll0.Qll33HC y TO npcMe llOUJTO cc jc
HaMH0}f{UJ10 CTa!IOBHl!WTBO H jcp jc TCK y X I X BCHY 611110
nO.Q T ypUHMa Moryhtto no.QH331bC 11oe11x npa00CJJaeu11x
QpKaea. A WTO je JlOUIJIO 110 TOra .na HCKC UPl<BC .Qpme
ceoj y c11aey 6am ua Apm1jco .nan, pa3110r je apno je.n110-
crana11: UPKBa cc 113''\tCHll jCJlHOM CBCTllTCJby, KOjll he
611Tll lbCH naTpou , H TO MO}f(C )la 6yne II 1<oj 11 CBCTilU 4Hj11
npa31111K nana y 3HMY ium y nponeke, u y Taj npa3HllK
====== m======
LIPKBa o6aelba CUIO npomtca tt11 o6pe.Q. Me~)'TllM , CBC4a-
Hll uapomm cKyn, KOJlCKTIIBHa npocriaaa, o6H4HO 611ea y
jece11, KaJl UM.a cncra y o6mhy, llCMa BCJIHKHX 110.JbCKllX
pa.noea 11 Moryk110 je ,!l,a ce 11apo11 eecei,tt u 336aelba 11a
OTBOpeHO.'lt npocropy; TO je o6H'IHO ,QaH y KOjlt jc 110-
Hpmeno rpal}e1bC UPK0C 1!1111 H3BpWCHO lbeHO oceehctbC.
Ta1<0 11np. upKna y ceny nHncpQ11Ma je ocedmna11a nna-
ll)'T ua •Apmij cBJian • (11 TO 22. aarycra 110 crapoM KaJICll-
.u.apy, Tj. na ,!l,a11 MY"· Araromrna), a HHa'le je 11ocncke11a
ca. n ernn. Jc11att cne wTcttnK je 336e11emHo 191 I. ron1111e
33 ItPKBY y ceny npu6ojy no.u. MajeBHLIOM: •XpaMosua
cnaea je Pom.acucrno Doropo11uue antt uapoJI cnaa11 11 .natt
Kana je UPKDa ocnehc11a, a TO je Ha CB. AraTOHHKa, !<Oj i!
uapoA 30Be Ap1111jee.na1u. '' T or .n:ma 6y.ne K011 LlPKBC
BCJIHK 11apo111m cKyn, •nawap •, a 11 1111at.1e ror .natta m1Ko
ue pa.w1 y 01<omm11. T or .naua cnaeH 11 upKea y 4 al}ae11u11
HO.U. 611 jelbHllC. n p1t111!KOM TllX CBC\13110CTll CBCWTClll!Qll
cc y MO!IHTBaMa o6pal\aj y CB. AraTOHl!Ky.
Y ceny 6pouy y CeM6cpHj11 311a ce 3a 11pa3HHH Apm1-
jee11a11 111111 Ap1iujebo, 1<oj11 ce y TOM ccny cana (1961 )
cna6o npa311yje a pam1jc jc npa311onaH enwe. 'Boja Kp-
cruli. 1!3 6 poua (01<0 70 ro1111ua) Ha3uaao Mil je .na je 011
pol;en Ha Apn11jenO. n ourro jc y llCTHlbCTBY 6110 HCMUpau ,
Maj1<a ra jc rp111111a wro •ap11yjei. Jow caM y Iipouy
cnywao KaKo y ceny n onoeHkHMa ncH11 cnaec •Ce. Jly-
na •, a .na cc y U p1101beey M11oro npa3ttyje Apm1jce.na11.
n po<p. .ilyWaH JlOn3HJl:Hfi, po.QOM 113 Jlaopoea, Ka.311830
Mii jc Ka1<0 je 1bCra y M11a110CTH H>eroea 5a6a m1Ta11a •Kan
cy Jlyne H Ap11uj c1: O.!l Ta.na 110\llltb Y Mpa:iee11. Cea
'ICTllPH Ta ccna cy y npe.ncny CeM6epuj11.
PacnllTHeao caM .ua 1111 jc Taj npa3Hlll< no311aT u y
.npyrHM 1<pajeBHMa CCM y 110MCH)'THM, anH caM .no6u jao
11eraTnnue onrouope, imp. 3a 011ommy Km1>1tL1a (X cpuc·
r oe1ma), Ca11cKor M oen (ceeepo33na,!l,Ha 6oc11a), OKOJIH-
11y 3emm c (cpe,nib3. 6oc11a), pa:me Kpajcee y Cp611j11.
Kao mro je 113HCTO, 11er.nc ce 11apo11cKH npa31111H Apm1-
.. M111L c. <l>IOJl-Mli: " """""" ,..,...,.. Cpfie J _ . . . , . . . . . . ; 6o<:MM flPC-
ltllllOi .......... 1911 . ...,,....... M~-xrnrypwr-ir~Socooe,IV," l .Y3"1
1960,29S.
======33•======
jco.zxaH 11J111 Apmtjen,ll,aH npoc_,1aOJha 22. a 11crJie 23. aery-
cra no crapoM 1<ane11.i:tapy. n 0Tpc6110 je ocepttyrn cc ua
TO. Kao WTO caM 110Ka33.0, npaBOCJ13 1Ul3 11p1<ea HC 3113 Hll
33 Ka1<aor ceeQa no.n HMCHO,\I Apm1je 111111 ApJrnje, a Y
nOMCll}'TC )l,a11e ce npa311yje ycuOMCHa Ha n 11we cnen.ua,
MCljy 1<oj11Ma II 113 CB. Hp1rneja JlllOHCKOr. 0Jl HMCH3 ror
l1p1m eja nocrano je y 11apo.t1.110M 113ronopy 1u1c Apm1j e
mrn Apnuje; nepyjeM JI.a <P1t110JJ0311Ma 11c 611 611110 1mManO
TCUIKO llOK33aTH 1<31<0 je ,!],OUlJIO AO TC 11cctx>p~1a1.u1jc, a;rn
ce ja 11ch y .zxa ynywTaM y ro, jep je ro u3ea11 ~10j c crpy1<e.
Oo,\\CH)'TH JI.amt y roJ].111111 ne cMaTpaj y cc y up1<e11 yonwre
1111 o611'lHllM 11P33HHQllM3 a 1<3.'olOJlll BllWCJUICBHHM, na ce
TllMC 11e MOJ.KC o6j aw11.asan1 lllTO cc 11aporo10 npa311oean,e
Ap;mja o6aeJba y .a;ea y3aCTOl1 113 11a11 a, no11.ywe 1111r.nc HC
CYl< ltCCllBll O y Tpajalb y OJl ,llB3 .na11a 11cro CTBapHO ca"10 y
ro1<y jcroior ,11a11a, an11 11cr,11c 22. a 11cr,11c 23. aBrycra no
crapo.11 1<ane11,!1apy, o.!l.11oc110 4. 111111 5. ccnTeM6pa. J.la je,
,l\C ~)'TllM , Ap1111jeeJJ,a11 11e1<a.Qa npa:moeau caMo jc.Q11or
11a11a, 11aj6oJb11 cy JJ.01<a3 Cy6crrttli.1!, •mj11 orpatt1111 y Xcp-
ucrom11111 11 HCl<H y cpe.Q1b0j Doc1111 c;tanc cuojy cnaey 11a
JJ.a11 4. ccnTcM6pa, a !hHXOBH ncpouaTmt orpaHLlll y ccscp-
uoj boc1111 c..1ase S. ccnTcM6pa. HcKa,!la cy Mo pamt cn11
npa311onan1 11crora ,!la11a, a Taj ,ll311 jc Morao 611T11 ca,\IO 23.
aBryCT no crapo.'1 t<anCHl13py, JJ.llll 1<3/13 cc y LIPKBH cna1m
ycno.11C113 na Hp1mej3 JillOllCI<Or. Jlo rora i:io.\1cpa1b3 Y
llaTyMy OJlllOCllO 110 p3:J611jalb3. npeo611Tuor JCJ111HCTB3 y
.nuyMy 110111no je, no MOM ,1t11111.1bC1by, ua upno je.Q11ocra-
ea11 113'11111 a non 311aTHHM ymuajc.'1 cec111TC11111<a. Hc1<a11a
je 611110 ueoMa y o611q3jy na ce rJl3BllH neo cn3ec1;or
p11Tya;rn o6aBJba yee•1e yoq11 npa3111t1<a cnCTllTCJb3 I<Oj11· jc
1<yh1ta cJrnBa. CBcwTcmiuu cy Morm1, 1<0111.:peTl!O y cnyqa-
jy Ap;mja Kao cn3ee, 06pahaT11 ce y MOJll!TBa~ia ce. Ara-
Tomrny 11nn CB. Jlyny (o.n11oc110 Hpm1cjy), npeMa TOMC
1<a1<0 cy 11111.1110 cMaTpa.rm 11.a nu jow Tpaje JJ.aH 1<oj1t cc
3:111pwaua 11m1 je eek no1.1eo 11ape111111 .0:3H (no UPKBCH0.'1
Jlllll llOl.lll!bC yBC4C). nopeJJ. TOra, BpeMCllOM je )'WJIO y
o6w1a j 11a cc C.ilaBCI<ll p11Tyan o6aB.rba y OOJlHC, na je Tal<O
11011er.ue Morna .o:oh11 JlO no.'1cpau,a y11aTpar, 11a .ua11 CB.
Araro11111<a, 1<oj 11 je 6no 6o;i.e uoo11aT CBCWTCllllLtHMa II
======335======
no6om1111j11M JLYAHM3, a Jtpyr.o:e .o:o no.'1cpa!b3. y11ape.n, 113
.na11 CB. l1 p1mcja Olll!OCllO CB. Jlyna, nowro jc l<Y!IT CB.
l1 p1mcja OCJJa6Ho. HcnpoceeheHH 11 y 1<anc11Jtap Heynyhe-
Hll CC.rbaUH llllCY MllOro BO.llllJJH pa1.1y11a 0 LIPl<BCllMM cP11-
11ecar.111, 11 33 !hllX je TO 6110 Ap1111jc llJI H Apm1je 6e3
o6311pa na naTyM. A ro jc yjc,11110 11 noK33 Jta cc paJ.t11 o
3311cra crapoM 1<y11Ty, 1<oj11 jc JJ.O 11ac nonpo caMO y 011.ny
po.noacKc cnauc, .na cc y Hoe11jc 1106a, 11 TO 6aw no.u
yr111.-1ajeM Tat<eor cnanc1<or 1<y11Ta, y cceepo11cro1.111oj 60-
c1111 pa3m1jc 11 y 11111pc npa311oualhC.
Y M011orpa$tt jn •Kocoao• nO.\llllhC ce enllle cpnCKll X
po.noea ua Kocoey 1<oj11 cy nopeK110.1t 113 Upue r ope a
cnaee cB. Araro11111<3. 19 Jl 114HO caM 336encm110 11a Kocoey
na n.~o ayroXT01111 Cp611 30BY tcrpYK3pnMa • .11aenaUJ!bC
JJ.OCCJbC11ut<e 113 Upue r ope, 11apo1.111TO oue 1<oj 11 cnaee ce .
Araro11111<a.
HanoMHJbC,I\ 1<ao jc.nny 111oryk11ocr, 1<oja npoi1CTH4C 113
TllX 113Jlara1ba, .na cy ll llCl<H 0.0: OHHX j)OJlOBa Ha KocoBy, y
611BWCM Cam,1aKy 11 noncrne no Cp611j1-1, I<Oj 11 cnaee 11m t
npOCJlaBJLajy CB. AraTomrna 11 nope1<110M cy 113 Up11c
rope y creapn 11c1<a.Qa cnamrn11 ce. l1p1111cja. Hna1<, TO jc
caMo npeTnocrae1<a 11 Moryk11ocr, 11a Kojoj cc OBOM np11-
JillK0.'1 HC Tpe6a 3a,D.p>KSBaTil.
Po.i:i:oBCKC cnanc y 11apo,11y mmajy orpo.'1110.'! ech11110M
11a npa3HHl<C 1<oj 11 uMaj y eetm 311atJaj, Kao wro cy ttup.
joealhJlaH, H111<0Jb.na11. D ypl)ee.nau . Kon TaI<BllX npa31111-
Ka 1111 je .o:OJJa31rno .no noMcpalha .no Ka1<eor jc JJ.OlllJJO 1<0,!1
CJl3B.1bC!b3. CB. l1p1111cja, jep cy II CBCWTCIUIUll II 1<3Jl 611
.o;ona31rn11 11a HCI<OJlllKO .naua npen caM npa:m1rn, .o;o6po
311anu o Kojoj cc cnau11 paJtll 11 y MOJJllTB3Ma cc o6pakan11
0.QHOCllOM CBCQ)'. A JIOlllTO 1mcy 311an11 BlllllC KO je Apm1-
jc, y3HMan11 cy y noMok AraT011uKa 11nu Jlyna 11 TllKO
yT11Qanu .o:a cc pcMeT11 upso611Tu11 I<YJJT.
rI01<. B. C11pom111a, Koj11 je .uao HCKOmrno .11o6pux
KOHKPCTllllX llO.QaTal<3 0 Ap1111jee11any, llOI<ywao jc Jta na
u HCI<a o6jaw1t.e1b3, a.rm MY jc Taj noKywaj cacBHM 11po.'!a-
•• ..... _,,;. Ypoon<~""' Ko<><-. CF.:l, UCXV!ll. &oorp.:i 196S, IU, ?26. ?~ .
======116====== rrorOBOP
WHO. HattMC, OH je JJOCJIC caCBHM J:lHJICTa!ITCIHlX pac ,\ \a-
Tpa!hll 0 llC!HlM TOllOHltMmrn u cacmtM HCYMCCllOr !lODOi)c-
lhll y ae3y Aptt11jesa11a ca Po~1att1tMa tt PYMYHCl<HM Ullra-
mma (1<ojtt cy y cesepny Eoc11y Ltocnemt TCI< y XVIII HJJH
y npooj nonoBHHll XIX se1rn H 1mcy, 36or CTHll'-n<C 11.ttc-
1<pHMHHat1ttje H cerper::u-1ttje, Mor.rm fotTH mt Oil Ha1<aor
yrm.iaja Ha Cp6e), i:towao JJ.O yscpelba .ua Apm1jes11n y
cTBapH CJiase •Jlynaca • H EHfoijatty (jep UnrattH cnanc
Ett6J.1jy) H .i:i:a je spno acposaTHo na cy CBH l<PWIMQH
°
Apm1jee11tt BJiaurno-1rnTyttc1<0r nope1ma. 2 Kao WTO caM,
uepyjeM, )],OBOJbHO y6e.QJhHBO llOJ<a3aO, l<YJJT •Apmtja .
HJIH •Ap1mja . y o6mrny POllOBCJ<C CJJaBC BY'IC ceoje
J<OPCHC H3 J:l06a CTapor xpmuliattcrsa II HJ Xepl(CrQBitHC H
ca MttrpaUllja.11a npeueT je OJ:taTllC u y Eoctty. Huie, .i:i:o.a;y-
we, 11c1<Jby<1eHo aa cy npe1m onttx 1<0jH cnaac Apm1jca-
,11at1 6ttJIH anactt (tte BnacH), aJJll jc TO mJTafhe cacsttM
11peneaaurno 1<a.11 ce pa,!UI o o6jaWfbefhY npa3HHKa Apmt-
jen,uatta. l1c1<Jbyqet1a je csaKa MoryhttoCT .ua cy no31mj11
Po.11attH l!JIH P yMy1111, jow MalhC PYMYHCKH UnraHH no-
cpe.uHo HJJH ttenocpeii:Ho 11~1an11 KaKaa y,ucna y ycnocrns-
JbafhY 11 O.llp}l{aaatby KYJJTa ca. l1p1mcja KO.II Cp6a.
 MHJIEHKO <PHJIHrIOBH'Ft
KAO HCTPA>KHBA'-I
HAPO.UHE PEJII1111JE
JY)KHHX CJIOBEHA

Ayrop TeKCTOBa ca6paHHX y osoj lOhlt3H, M 1rneHKO

¢'HJIHllOBHh, MOIBe ce CBpcTarn y peJJ. HajHCTaKH}'TltjHX H
HajceecrpattttjHx npeJlCTaemrna jyrocnoeettcKe eTHonorn-
je 11 amponoreorpaq>Hje. Me~yniM , lberosoM .o;eny HHje
noceehetta O,IU'OBapajyha na>f(H.a. Y Marro6pojHHM np1mo-
3HMa, ttam1cam:1M noso,o:OM 1t.erOBHX jy6ttneja mm H>eroee
1
CMpnt , )],3Te cy y rnaBHOM yOIIll!TeHe 1rncl>opMaQHje 0 0110-
r.te llITO je PllJlliO TOKOM 'leTpi:tecer H neT N)J,l!Ha JJ,yre
ttay<rne Kapnjepe. HeI<OJJHl<O KPHTlil.IHHX OCBpTa Ha noje-
Jl:ltHe ¢>HJ1HllOBHhese pa,Qoee 1 11pe.l{CT8BJh3 C8MO llO'leTilK
OH3 KBOr H3Yl.18B3lb3 K3KBO tt.eros o nyc - H ceOjHM o6H-
MOM H ceojHM HBaJIHTeTOM - 3acnymyje. )I,aJbe 113SJar a-
lbe je no1<ywaj .r:ta ce 1.1maouy nptt6mnKH 6ap MaJIH J.lCO Te
Bpe,[{He amt HCJlOBOJbHO spe.i:moeaHe 6awTHHe.

' B~: J. TpJ<4>yK<><~~ , Tp•g;<tliiol<>iicfc....,.....,,.....,y'<H()fr<>ll<' Ii,,.¢. Mu.o<M• a

c. <l> ...>OiohuAo, 36opHHK,. ;ipyu!TO<H< "")"HC 28, Mantua cpl!CKI, HOBK Ca.Cl 196!,
IS7-1S8. M . r11yw~tBHk, M. 6jC)lOQHTHk, H. XoUHJ[C:i>tk, J. TpK¢iYHOCHK, JK,,J,oi;;"
1"'9 t.po{>. gp. Mu.o< ....a C. (J'>.._,..............,
(nol>O"°"' U>C:i.a=m:>;tJIWJl>IHl< lfCllDOTI),
rcorpo¢i<KH np<r."l<J[ VI, C.pajcJ!O 1%2, 13-24. n. ihu:Ol»lll, Mu.4tM.,,C. <1>1111..,;.,.
buA u jyfO<.O<Jh<..,;Ka ,,;;..,,.,.-...,.., r.uc1rnK CpncK(>f" n<l'1'0¢>cH(>f" ;lp)'llml'I XLJX/ 2,
bcorpu 1%9, 71-80. Hcnt, lfp Mu,tthKo c. <l>""~ (!902- 1969), 36opHH•,.
JlPYllnBCHCHOfHCSS, M•nn.. cpnc><>,HoaHC.., 1970,190 - 191 .
'0;l.<><Bpu, KO)H C<O.'lHOC< H• <l>JU>HilOBHll•oo npoy~a aa .... IUpoJ[llC pc.1Hritjc,
JIJl.llCTI< Hilp. n. )((. flC'JB<>pHll, 0 ll<f>Y"°"Y K)'Aiiiy •09 ]y>I<~ ~. rm1ctrnH
EntO<"pO¢>cHO.-HHrnrryn.CAH 1/ 1- 2, ~ 19S2, 373-38(1. CT. BnOXOBKll, MJU>
C. <l>1vntn0BHll, Tr<>~Ku . , , _ , r~a<HHH Emorpa¢>cKOr HHC'flfTyTil CAH !1 - lll,
&corpt;ll9S7,l019-102S . W.KynHWHll,Ciiiar<>(.Jt<>b;..,;Kapt,•wi.Vaydij<iiAy>UJ/n;jwc
..:Iii~ iux:dHO 6.>.<K""""""'"""' lljcJIO AHY6KX LVI, C.pojcBO 1979,
204 - 20S. H . Koeo~CBHll, CtM""°"f.._;a puliiya....,, XX BCKf>l, &co.,,.,, 1985, 116- 118,

MHJteHKO cl>ununosHh je pol}e11 8. HOBCM6pa 1902.
ronuue y BocaHcKoM Spony. n o 33epweHoi ruM11a3uju
CT)'JIHpao je rwI"'pa<jmjy, emonornjy, apxeonorujy tt 11a-
11uo11an11y HCTOpujy Ha 6eoI"'p3llCKOM Y1msep3HTCTy KOll
Kopu<J>eja cpncKe uayKe: Josaua Uettjttha, Josa11a EpJJ.e·
n.auoeuha H TuxoMupa 'Bopl}eeuha. llmmoMHpao je 1925.
rQJ],HHC a, HCJJ.yro 33THM, H JtOKTOpHpao ca TCMOM •ETHH'l-
Ka npownocr 11awer uapona y OKomrnH BucoKor (y
Socuu)•.
¢1HJlHTIOBldi cnt11ajeM OKMHOCTH 4CCTO je MC!baO npe-
6uaamtWT8 u p3llHa Mccra. 0.u 1925. no 1930. rowrne,
P3ll.HO je Kao cynneHT H npo<J>ecop rHMHaJHja y Capajeay
H Benecy a noro.'11, o.u 1930. J],0 1941, Kao .UOQCHT H
eattpe.llHH npo<J>ecop Ha ¢>HJ1030<Pc:KOM <l>aKYJITCTY y
CKofl.Jhy. 3a BJ>CMC .a;pyror CBCTCKOr para 61to je y TICH3H·
ju .a:a 61t cc, O,QMax no ocno6ol}elby, TIOHOBO aKTHBHpao.
O.a; 1945 . .a;o 1950. ro;:ume, 6uo je 1<ycroc y EmoI"'J)a¢ic1<0M
My3Cjy y Seorp3llY a O.Q 1950. .QO 1955, 11ay4HH capa.n;HHJ<
EmoI"'pa¢icKor HHCTHTYTil y Cpnc1<oj a1<a.a;eMuju uay1<a tt
yMCTJ!OCTH. Ilpewao je 33THM ua Y11ueep3HTCT y Capajeey
r,!l,C je, Kao pe.QOBHH npo<J>ecop, ff TICll3HOHHC8H 1962.
ro.a;m1e. BpaTHO ce rn.a:a y Seorpa.n. H aKTHBHO 6asuo
uay<111HM pa,aOM cee .uo cMprn, 22. anpuna 1969. rowrne.
CMpr ra je 33TCKJJa rtpH P3llY Ha >KHBOTHOM .ueny •Enm-
nornja Cp6a• 1<oje je, Ha >KanOCT, ocrano y pyKom1cyl.
MHJlCHHO <t>wrnnOBHh je .a:ao BHWCCTpYK .uonpHHOC
pa.JBHTKY HaUJe Ha}'J<e. Suo je HHHl.Ul jarop H opraHH33TOP
KOnCKTHBHHX ttcrpaarnea1t.a, TIOJ<peTa4 H ype.llHHJ< MHO-
rHX Hay4HHX H crpy•umx CAHl.Ulia, epe.uau My3CjCKH pa.n-
HHH, T8.KO!}e H neJJ,aror KOjH je MllOrt MJ13JlC JhY.UC yaeo y
ceer uay1<e. Mel)yrHM, Hajsehtt JJ,CO ceor epeMetta tt ceoje
euepruje ynoamo je y ttay<rno-ttcrpa>!<11Ba41<H pa.u. Ilpae
npttnorc o6jaatto je jow 1<ao cryJJ,e trr JJ,a 6H TOHOM ue1<0-
nH1<0 J],CQCHHja CTBOpuo HMTI03311T8H 11ayt.i11H onyc O.Q CJ<O-
po 400 6u6nuorpa¢icHHX je,!l,HHHQa'.
~fW"OaKh "JlP., .,,. '"·· 11. n. 8-ioh, "'-"•o c. ~....- ~
~... ,.;,.-;,q,,,11.
'Wl1.........jaM.<1>11,.'11mo1H1tla~ i<J36opto111<J:llllJUIYll"""""MO)"l<C
29 (Mon<QOcpn<K&, Hoa• C.... 1961 ) My r___,.epr,,,_.~~
Xl..IX, 6«>oilt.lll969.
======341======
Hnje ro 6110 ca.'l!o o611Ma11 eeh 11 TCMaTCKH pa3uoepcra11
onyc. TeUJ1<0 je Ha6pojaw cea oHa nHTalba 1<oja je <t>wm-
noetth npoy4asao un u 6ap no1<pettyo lbttxoeo npoy<1aea-
1bC. Hanucao je, Ha npHMCp, 'IHTaB HH3 MOHOrpa<Jmja 0
nojCAHHHM npe.QCOHHM QCnHH3.'l'la, 0 HaCCJhtt.11a, 0 CTHll'l-
KllM I"'J)ynaMa aim, ttcro ra1<0, 11 6poj ue paJJ.ose o nojasaMa
BC33HHM 33 Tp3JJ.HllHOHantty J<yJlTypy uaw11x uapoJJ,a, 3a
1bttxose rpa,t1,tt1.tHOttantte ycn11osc, o6u4aje, np11apeij11na-
lbe, ttcxpauy, uowlby, penurujy, <jionKJJop HT.u.'
y OBOM 36opHHKY npe.QCTaBJbCHH cy ¢>Hmmoanheeu
ttKCTOBH KOjH cc O.UllOCC Ha uapo.QHy pemirnjy Jy>f<llHX
CJIOBCHa. Il0.11CH}'TOj npo6neMaTHQH OH je UOCBCTllO TI0-
ce6uy n3>Klby. 0 T0.11e, yOCT3JlOM, CBC.UO'UI HCJ<MllKO
,!l,CCCTHHa CTyJJ,11ja, 'IJl31l3Ka, 6enemaH3, l<PllTHKa, 33TIIM
JJ,enOBll H3 MOHOI"'pa¢lff ja II P3llOBa nocoehc1111x .QPYrHM
ttMaMa. y TiilTalb Y jc, cna1<a1<0, Hay'IHO .UCJJO 1<oje l!Ma
OJJ.pel}en 3tta•1aj 11 1<oje je BJ>CJJ.HO npoyt.iaea1t.a.
2.
.[la 611 MalhC ynykeuo.11 'lttTaoey ,o:a.JhC 113Jlara1bC 6w10
npucryna\IHHje, ,!l,ahy HCKOJIHKO OnwTHX uanOMCHS 0 11a-
poJJ.HOj peJIHI"HjH H AOCa;:ta.W tbHM HCTp!l)f(ltBa!bllMa y TOj
o6.riacr11. Kao WTO je n0311aro, JY>K"" Cnoee1111 cy npHMll-
nn xpuwhaHCTBO npe BllWC Oll XHJbllJJ.Y ro.u1111a•. Meijy-
THM, npoQCC fullXOBC xpucntjaHll331.lHje HHKaita 1111je y
norrryuocr11 .uospw eu. Penttrttjc1<e npenCTase wupo1<11x
cnojcsa crauoeuuwrna y nen1moj MCpll cy ocrane npo>!<e-
re imeonornjoM 1<oja ce 611THO pa3Jltt1<yjc o.u xpnwlla11c1<e.
y lbHXOBOj cy MaWTM, Ha npnMep, xp11wk.aHCKH Bor II
xpuwhattCl<H CBCllH llOllPHMllJlH oco61rnc narattj'.;l<HX 6o-
>Kattcraea HJlil .UCMO!la. y llCBOJblt cy lhY.Ult HWJlll II
'~j<<l>..,..,._NIM:•MX-ll>T'<C'/Y"l'""""""" ......OltMUllOJI
~-!iop.l .
'ffa.o.,.,MO.....,...-i< ...... J)')OUtllllC.1'0IOCllOio<,ai--.npouuooMCIU.K.
M<~,-i<p<'loOC11oocoj ..11k1H1jy>KNOC....,.._.,,_.,.....wnooM....,.....,i
pc.mtntj•
=====;;;; 142=====;;;;
CBC WTCHmcy H epa•iapH, nowTOBMH UpKBeHe 3116paHe H
C'l'llpc n6ye, Mo.mum ce 6ory H 6aewm 111ar11joM. Jow cy
npc HOjHX CTOTHH3K rorotHa cen.aun (a OHi-i cy 'IHHHJUf
Hajeetlll JJ.CO nonyna unje) 6ttJJH CSMO HOMHHaJlllO xp1twha-
HH a, y creaptt, no1<pwrem1 naramt 7.
Ta eepa ttapoJJ.tt11x Maca, eei<oettMa creapatta tta pa3,'l\e-
l)y xpm11haHCKOr H ttexpuwhaHCKOr' ycnOBHO ce H33HBa
ttapo.U.HOM pem1r11joM. Httje pe4, 11apae110, o neHOM je;:nm-
CTBCHOM pemtmjcKOM CHCTCMy. CaJ],p>t<aj 11apoJ],HC pemt-
rnje <rntte 6pojtta eepoeatba, npeJJ.albll, p11Tyan1t, Ja6patte,
CHM6om1, HOjH non1qy tt3 pa:urn'IHTHX enoxa " pa3JUl'IH-
THX KyJTTypa. y lbCHHM OKBHpHMB H3.'ltCWBHH cy eJICMCHTH
HBCTVHI jow y npettCTOpHjH, c CSICMCHTttMa KOjH npnmuxa-
jy C1108e HCKOj, 6amcattCKoj, MCJlHTt:paHCKoi, poMaHCKOj,
opttjCHTaIIHOj lin H HCKOj ,11;pyroj BCpcHoj Tp3Jl.Hunjtt.
Ceey1<ynatt pc.rmrnjc1rn >t<HBOT Hawux Hapo,a,a fo10 je (a
,a,eJJUMU'IHO je H ,a,a.Hac) o6eJJC)f(CH Tal<BHM CHHKpcTH-
3MOM'. G.rio)f(eHe MaHn¢>ecrau1tje Hapo,a,ue pe.Jmrnje o;:i:ae-
110 cy np1rny1<11e na)f(ibY HCTpa)f(ueaqa pa3JJH4HTOr npo-
<fmna, npe ceera CTHOnora. lb11xoeoM npoyqaealby npH-
crynano ce Ha eHrne acnet<aTa. Met)yntM, cee JW noCJ1eJJ,-
lb1tX JJ.CCCTal< ro1.t1tHa npeoenat)ueana je je,a,11a opujeHTa-
uuja KOjy YCJIOBHO MO>t<CMO 11a3BaTH. •HCTOpHjCKOMI HJIH
t rtHCTCKOMt 9. y TIHTaibY cy HCTpa)f(HBalba pa3JJH"IHTOr
THna a.JlH ycMepe11a Ka HCTOM L(HJby: HCTOpHjCKOj pe1<011-
crpyKQlljH nopeKJ1a H pa3BITTKa uapoJJ.HC pe.rmru je. Ta1<ae
l.lHJb UMana cy yrnaBHOM H 11crpai+mealba MIUICHKa
Cl>wmnoeHl\a.
¢11UlHTIOBHk je HMao BHWC a<tnmuTCTa 33 CMnttpHjcKa
Hero 33 reop1tjc1<a npoyqaealba. noce6Hy 'na)f(lbY nocee-
wo je npH1<yn.lhafby 01.troeapajyhe HCKyCTeette rpat)e. Ba-
eetm cc repCHCKllM pa1.tOM y pa:JHH/l'I 1<pajeBHMa Hawe
3eMJl:.C (y Boc1<11, y>t<oj Cp611jH, BojeOJJ.HHH, MeTOXHjH,
UpHoj f opu, Ma1<enottHjH), yo4HO je "onttcao 'lHTae HH3
====== i•i======
penHrujcKUX nojaoa, 1<oje cy npe rora 611ne HCno:iuare
111111 HCJJ,OBOJbllO no311are. To MY je nOJJa31UlO 33 p yKo.\\ ll
Ha repeHy 1<oj11 j e eek 6110 11ayq110 m:rpa>t<CH. no11c1<aJI.,
1<a11a je TO c111aYpaO mnpe6mtM, opram130eao j e 11 MaJle,
mp1rnam e- aHKeTC, attra>Kyjytm ceoje np11jareJbC 11 ceoje
6irnwc yqemrne. Ta1<0 je, Ha npHMCp, .uowao AO ,a,paro11e-
1<11x no.uaTaKa 0 eepoeatbHMa y 'lOBCKOBOr /l'lllTCKOr JtBOj-
mrn:a, o npa:JHHKY rpema1ha HTJt.
¢111nm1oeuhee11 orm cn pem1rnjc1mx nojaea 11111ajy 11e-
ocnop11y epeJJ,.110CT: 11cupn1111 cy, npel.lttJ1111 11, y eemrn:oj
MCpH, o6jCKTHBHll. Jac110 je pa3rpaHl!'lCllO 0110 npowno II
0110 caJJ,aWlbC, ontuTe n nojeJJ,11Ha<1Ho, 0110 urro je peantto
u OHO WTO je i!J(ean110. 011 ce 1mje, nonyT ,\\11or11x n p yn1x
llCTpa>lil!Ba'la, 33,U,OBOJbaBao ca.\10 HCKa3ll,\\a lllUf>OpMaropa
u H>Hxoe11M eep6a..'11mM pc1<011crpy1<u1-1jaMa. Kall ron j e ro
611110 MOryhe, 11acrojao je JJ,a 6yJJ,e ua Mecry .aora})aja:
o61t11a:i110 je t<yJJTHC o6jeKTe, npllC)'CTBOBao CBC4al!OCTll-
Ma, noc.\\aTpao 113eolje11>e o6pc.aa. Ocrae110 naM je .aec1<p11-
m1ujc t<Oj e HHCY CaMO cyeon apHll H3)'4Hll H3BCU1Taj11, t<oje
l!CCTO ca,l:\p>He ll jewiy Jlll411Y llOTy, jeJJ.HY HMnpec11jy
caMOr pem1rnjct<or <ll!Ha mm 'lHTaeor aM6uje11Ta y KO.\\C
ce on o.uurpaaa. Tm111qa11 y TO.\t norne.uy je, pcunMo,
on11c r oae.n:apcaor 1<aMc11a, t<ynTHOr Mccra Ha OnllCM no-
.thy y Ma1<CllOl!llj11, Kao II pHTyana KOjH ce CB8KC rororne
Ha TO.\\ nOKaJlllTCTY o6aBJhllo 10.
Tparajyh11 33 HOBllM 'll!lbCHlll.laMa, <1>1mnnoe11h ce 1111je
orpa11114uo caMo 11a ernorpa<l>cKY 11 <t>omm opHy 11 rpat)y.
TeMC.lhHO je npoyqaaao pe11eaaHT11e n11caHe, MaTtp11jan11e,
JlllKOBHC, JJllllrBHCTli<ll<C H3BOpe, HOjll .uo Tll.!18 1111cy KO-
p11whe1111 y .!lOBOJbllOj MCpll. Iloce6110 cy JaHllM.lhl!Ba lbC-
roea eMnttp11jc1<a 11crpa>t<1malba y o6naCT11 11apo.t1.11e ne1<-
c111<e. 0 Tt<p110 je, Ha np11Mep, 'll!TaB 111!3 AO Ta.aa HCTI0311a-
TllX TOTIOllJlMa (noce6uo OHllX KOj11 cy BC:JaHli 3a UMC
IlepyHa, crapocJJOBCllCKOr 6o>KaHCTBa aTMOC<f>epc1<11x no-
jaea), JaTllM HeKC Ct<Opo :ia6opaBJhCllC Ha:JllBC 11apo111111x
r.,.,,..,... .,...,. .., o.,.,, ....,y,
•• M _ ¢o.,_,..,,.,....h.
" )'OOC:ja Xll ,&ror,Jo., 19J7.
r MCM1111 E~
" BIL:o<Tti $,..,...__,.
aML'llUY •P<JIHO<'fJI k flpctt rpol)c J ...'WIMY Ha-
-~ .,,.,.,,,_~, F.nll).-...OOnptt.'l<.1 1- 9,~1 9611
======;;;;344======;;;;
npa3HHKa (J apmm, 01..1H.r10 tt HpeMeH, AJJmjee .QaH) H
yKa311Bao ua 11:.11xoey xeypnCT114HY epeJUrOCT y npoy<1aea-
lbY l<YJITODa, KOj11 cy JI CCTaJHl y 6.rm >Koj
IJ J)OllL'IOCTll.
Y e11llle HaapaTa ct>ummoe11k. ce 33.11arao 33 nnaHcf<o
creapatt.e jenuc ceeo6yxearnc 11 CHCTC"•laTCKll o6pal)eHe
11c i.: ycwc11c CIJ ll llC Hlll!i e, Hoja 611 peHOHCTPYHUlljy uapoit-
/IC pcm1r11j c uocTam\Jla ua <mpwk.e TCMC1hC. CMaTpao je,
11a11Me, .ua nocrojelia CBllJICllllll ia - ynpKOC CBOM o6HMY H
CBOjoj HO.l\llJICKCllOCTll - jom 1111 je np11Mepe11a 33XTeBHMa
caepcMeHC H3)'KC. <t>11m m oe11h je H CaM Hacrojao A3. .no-
np1111ece y1rna11.a1by oeor llCJlOCTaTHa. Kao 11 ,\IHOrn .npyr11
CT11onoa1t npe 11:.cra (na np11.'tlcp, CttMa TpojattOBHh 11
TllXOMttp Dopl)cn11h) o6aimo jc attaTatt nocao OHO rncrc-
MaTli33UUje CT1mrpact:>c1<e rpa!}e a, J{emtMH<tHO, H JJ.pyr e,
npe ceera 11(.'TOpi!jCKC .QOKYMCllTalti!jC 11 . y BChllHH tt.ero--
BHX pa,t1oea, 11oceeheH11x oooj npo611eMaT1Ut11, tta11h11 he-
,\.1 0 11a O!ICJbKC 1<oj11 cy, y creapn, npaetl 36opttllQH np11-
KYll1bCllllX II no O,t1pcl}c110M Kp11Tep11jyMy pa3BpCTaHllX
no11ann<a. CTy11uje o Tpa•11<0M K01uam11<y H CKCTpaxyMa-
1111.11 L1Bojmm11.11a 40BCKa uaj 6o.n:.a cy KllycrpaQHja <t>1um-
nomdieeor paita na TO.\.I no.Jhy.
3.
Hapaeuo, AOnp1111oc M1111e11Ka ¢>11nttnoe11ha npoy4aea-
11.y ttawe 11apom1c pe.i111rnj e 11e orne!la cc caMO y npmcyn-
.n.a11.y 11 c11CTCMaT11ca1t.y CMn11p11 jcKor MaTCpnja.ria. Kao
ll1TO ce TO MO>Ke BHJJ;CTll 113 TCKCTOBa npe3CHT11pa11mc y
ODOM 36optt1tKy, 011 je H&CTOjao JJ;a .I;i ll je,!tHO JJ;y6.n.e,
11ar1110 Ty.11a•1e11>e pa3Jln•mTttx pen11n1jc1rnx nojasa, on
ttajjenttocrastt11jux no naj1<0Mnnc1<c1111j11x. Tparao jc, npe
cscra, 33 nope1<noM THX nojaea, 33 penur11 jCKHM 11nll
11CTOp11jCKllM l<OllTCKCTO.\.I. y KOMC cy Otte HaCTa.Jle.
<l>11mmos11kcs ,\.l.CTOA 1111je 11a1<0 om1caT11. Es11.o:c11TH0
" Ho npM .... p, y PlllY Ciiiyvuf• 0 . . - , "-0'""6w """ ~,,........ """'Y 1.
ct>)'>l<6o '""' KptJIO H... y nMCOHMM IUllOJ'MMO llJ> l<P•i• 18. ROMO, Ho)"IHM :i!lopMMN
Mann1<cpt1<Mo (C.pN)OllS>}urTB<M<KOYM•) :Ja,H""MC..C.,! l -57.
======3•s======
jc, 113HMC, na OH 1111je H3rpa.a110 KOXCpettTa11, TCOp11jc1m H
MCTOJJ;OJTOWl<H 3ac11osa11 OKBHP HCTpam11ua11>a 11apon11e
HJIH Jl,aJbOj pe1n1rnje (Kao urro je TO, na npHMep, CJJy4aj ca BecCJm-
HOM 4aj1<a11oe11keM wm lllmtpoM Ky1mw1d1eM). lberoe
npm:ryn je 11eyjCltH34CU: no11e1<a.a je TO 0361tlb11a a11an1133,
no11e1<an C3CBHM nosp w110, 3JJ;paeop33yMCKO TyMa4ClbC. y
noje.11HHHM pacnpaeaMa - OHHM 11aj311a4ajtt11j11M - cny-
m110 cc yrnaeu oM KOMnapaTllBHllM MCT0110M.
Pe4 je o MCTOlJ.Y Koj11 je np11MelbHeana eellmia <l>KJ1ll-
noe11hee." x llpcTXOJ])fHKa ll caepeMe11111<a. KapaKTCp11wc
ra 11acro1aH.C .o:a ce nope1U10 11poy4aaa1111 x no jaea yrepa11
~~j~~~~:~a:=n~~:a::~;A::~r:!:~~'~::~~j~~~
Ma H3 pa1mj11x llpeMCHa rm cc, Ha OCHOBy HCl<C CJ1ll4HOCTll,
~e~y H.HMa ycnocrae.n:.a renCTC1<a ee33. Y apyroM CJJy 4a-
Jy, epum cc nopel}cibC c a11anorn11M nojaeaMa y pen11r11ja-
Ma na11awlh11x (11aj4ewhe cpoltH11x 11 cycerumx) 11apona.
Me~yco611a CJJ114HOCT CM&Tpa ce noTBpJlO,'o\ 1t.11xo0or 33-
je1111H4KOr nopeK11a. ·
Onllca1111 MeTOll <l>11n11noutth je 11aj110CJJe,!11111je np11MC·
mm Y ceojoj pacnpaetl o Tpa4KOM KOH.a11111< y. YcrattOBl!O
je, ni;ie ceera, .aa nocroj11 H3Bectta a11anornja 113Me~y pc·
Jlllrll)CKOr f<OMrtJICKCa, KOjll je y llCT04HllM nenoe11Ma
uawe 3CMJbC ee3311 33 np33HllK cs. T o11opa (eepoeaH.a y
non333K MHTCKHx KOH.a 11 jaxa4a, p1ITyan110 jaxaH.e KOlba
H CJJ.) II l<YJ!Ta jenHor Tpa4KOr 6olt(aHCTUa KOje je, Kao
~OfbaHllK , npe.i:tCTaBJbCHO ua lbllXOBHM cnoMCllHUHMa. 11 y
JC.ltl!OM Ii y Apyr oM KynTy jac110 je H3palt(CHO TIOllJTOBalbC
KO!b3 K30 >t<llBOTH!bC 1<0ja llOCCA)'je eannpupo.llHa CBOj-
CTBa. YrnaBHOM ua oc11oey TC a11anoruje, <l>111111noe11h je
33K.lhY4HO na je Haw KYJIT npo11cre1<ao 113 Tpa4KOr.
H11j.e TCWKO Y04HTll ,[la j e <l>11JT11noe11k OBAC pa3MOTpHO
caMo JC.tlHY o.n 011wc Moryk.110CTH. KynT t<Olba y 11awnM
Kpajee11Ma MOrao 6H 6UTll nope1<nO.'ol II 113 HCKC ,o:pyre
KYJITYPC (11a np11Mep, op11je1rran11e), a Morao je ll3pacnt u
113 TP3lt11Q1tje CaMllX Jym1111x Criose11a llTA. u Ot111rne.0:110
je, WHUJC, A8 aHanor11a ee33 113.'o!C~y Hawer 11 Yp34KOr
c......,

HYlml 1111je !lOHa3 lbllXOBe 11cropujCHC Be3e. Attanontja
noHa3yjc .na je TaHBa Bc:Ja MOryka, 31111 He II jC!lHllO
Moryka. Ona KOHCT3T3UHja HC 0.!lHOCll cc CaMO Ha Haee,lle-
Hll np11.1-1ep, e e k 11a 33K!bY'IHB31bC no a11anoruj11 yonwre.
T11M ny-TeM ce, .na1<ne, nope1<no 11c MOif<C JJ.O K333.Tlt. Mo>He
ce caMO !lOhll !lO HeH3.!l Bl!llle, llCK3Jl M31l,C eepOB3THllX
XllllOTC33. y HCHllM p3JtODHMa MO»<C ce yO'lllnl ¢>ummo-
m1heao H3CTOjalbC !13 oeaj MCTOJ1 Y'l lll\H - 6ap !lO ll3BC-
CHC Mepe - cr3aHTH11jHM. 011 je .onp3B.!13HO npen1ocr3e-
Jb30 JJ.3 ce mJTa1ba nope1rn3 no)c,1I1m11x eneMeH3T3 11Jm
no jemrn11x cerMeHaTa ttallle 11apo]111e pennn1jc ue Mory
pelll3B3Tn y OHe11p11Ma C3MO je,ru1e ua y1<e. Crora jc panim
tta CTB3p31by jeim or 11HTep.1tncuunm111ap11or np11cryna, y
t<OMC 611 CTHOJJOWt<3 11crpa1+mna1ba 61tna noee3311a ca 11c-
rop11orp3cl>c1<m1, apxeOJJOWK HM 1tm1 m mre ucrn'IHIUI. Ka-
pat<Tep11CTI1'1a11 npm1ep 11>Croenx uanopa tta T0.'>1 nolby
npencraelba, pcu11Mo, e ek no.'>te11yTa p3cnpaea o Tpa'IH0.'>1
t<Oib31HIH Y, y HOjo j cy ynopcno pa3M3Tpa1111 CTHOJlOWl<ll H
apxco11ow1m acneHTH npo6neM,a 11m1 nat< pa11 o Tparoet1Ma
n cpyllOBOr HYJlT3, l<Ojll MO>KCMO TpcTHp3Tll H 1<30 CTHOJIO•
llll<ll 11 Hao JlllHl"BUCTll'll<ll.
lloupm1oc ouor ucrpa>H11na'la pa3m1ja1by 1<o~mapanrn-
1<or Merona, ycMepe u je 11 y jell.HOM Jlpyro.¥1 npauuy. On je,
t1a11Mc, rem110 Aa o ncer 1<0.'lnap11pa1i.a CBC.rte 11a peanue
BpeMCllCKC II npocropi!C OHBl!pe: napaJICJle 113WllM eepo-
Balb\11\\a 11 p11Tya.JI IL\l3 Tpaamo je Ta.MO r.ne je 1tCTOpt1jc1<a
ee33 611J1a Moryha 11, w-rae 11llle, eepoeaT11a. T oce, H1\\el;y
OCTa11or, o rne.rt3 11 y 1136opy TCMa 1<ojc cy 611ne npe.11MCT
lbCroeor 11crpa>tmea1ba. Y euwe 11aepaTa, peUHMO, a11a-
m1311pao je OHC penurnj c1<e nojane •m je je nopeHno ee:ia-
HO 33 oll,pel)e11c ucTopuj c1<e n 11<111ocr11 111111 11cropujc1<e
nora~ajc (pa3.1rnTpa1L>3 o 1<ynTy CTCcjl:111a ltctJaucHor 11 o
1<0.llcHT11m10,11 ma;bclby 3a nopa30,,1 11a Kocouy), 11m1 noj a-
ne '!11 j11 jc H011nrny1neT Morao 611n1 BC3aH 33 j3c110 orpa-
Hll'ICllY TCp11ropujy (p3cnpaae 0 Tpa~rnO.\I HOlbaHllKY II
npa:i11111<y japnno).
Tpc6a, Mel)yruM, Hano.\\c11yr11 Jl3 je ¢11n nnom1kee
np11cryn npoy'!aea1by Hawe uapoJJ.HC pcn 11n1 je HMao 11
llCHC, llC' 6aw Mane llCJlOCTaTHC. n o11e1<aJl,, lbCl'OB3 111rrep-
======;;; 141 ======;;;
llpeTaUl!ja 113331183 II HCllOY.'>lllQ}'. Ott H3j'ICWhe Hl!je
ycnesao na ycnocran11 011y 11conxo.QHy Kpl!Tll'IK )' .1111cra11-
u y npeMa 113eop11Ma Hoj 11 C)' MY crajaJ111 11a pacnonaratt.y
na je, CXOll.HO TOMC, creapao 33.KJbY'll<C Ha OCHOBY llCJ].0-
BO.TbHO nop.Qa11o r 3 no11e1<an 11 1<pajlhc <fip3rMe111ap1<or
MaTepn jana. Bmue nyn je, uatt,11c, HCJJ.OCTaTaK n3nopa
H3!10KHal)11uao UHBCllTllBllllM, am1 II cna6o apryMCllTOBa-
1\UM KOllCTPYKHl!ja:.1a. Tl!llll<l311 je y TOM TIOrJICllY li>CrOB
np11nor 110.11 H3CJIOflOM •OQ11no u 1<peMc1u . Ow1nOM cy
MCWTaHll 6aH3TCIWr CCJJa .llymi,3jc y npoW.llOCTll H3311B3-
Jlll ceojy 3ae CTu11y. Ocna1bajyk11 cc 11a -raj (ienau jenm111)
no.rtaTaH, ¢>11mm o1:mk je 11c1<011crpy11cao np11'ly o t1e11a-
nawlbCM no wroea1by n npa311oealby ou1UJa (H e3Tpe), 11 o
npe11owe1by ror p11Ty3.lla y OHBl!pe nana w lber, xp11lllkaH-
c1<or npa311111<a. CJJ11411e 33.Me pHe ynyhe11c cy 11 np11nory o
Tparoel!,\13 n cpyllOBOr 1<y,1Ta y H3WOj Hapo.QHOj Tp3,ll11UH-
ju. n o ,\IJIWJbClb}' n . )f(. ncrpoe11ha II LU . Kym mmha,
HCKH OA TllX 11Tp3roo3• (Ha np1u1ep, TOTIOIH!Ma 1<30 WTO cy
n epoeO 6p.QO llJlll n ep111trp3JJ., Jlll'lll3 llMCH3 n epyH 11
Ilepy1111Ha, 11a:l1m 6J1Jb1<c 11epy11111<e, 11a311B 06pc1111c no-
BOpt<c ncpncpyll.a 11 CJI.) TCWHO Mory nocn ymnrn Hao
TIOTBPll3 11>eronoj XllTIOTC3H ...
¢>11mmoe11hy, 1<ao 11crpam11ea<1.y oee npo611eManrne,
Mome ce yn y-TllTll jow je.1111a, 'lllllH Ml! ce, 611T11a np11.\\ CA-
6a: pe'I je o 1ueroeoj 11c.noe 0Jbt10j o6aeewre11ocr11. Ou
m1 je pacno.'larao reop11 jc1<11M 11 c:.m11p11jcm1"" 31131bCM HC-
onxoll,HllM 33. 11y61bc 11 csccrpam1 je npoy'laBalbC pcm1r11j-
cm1x cpe110.\letrn. Toce noce6110 on11oc11 11a aurum3C OCTa-
Ta1<a apxall'lllllX, po.QOUCKO-ILJICMCHCHllX pen11n1jc1<11x CH-
CTCMa - l(YJlT3 MPTIJllX, HYJITOBa nojc.o,mmx >KJIUOTlllba,
o.1tpel)em1x T1moua Mar11jc1<c 11pa1<ce 11Tn. Tat<o, ua 11p11-
,\lcp, pa3MaTpa1ba o nopc1rny Mar11jc1<or pa36l!ja1b3 cy110-
na15 llJll1 npCTllOCT(!Bt<a 0 T3B. 3!1TpononOWHO.I\ M01lll3MY
1<ao npao611nwj cllOpM11 pcm1rujc TCWKO Mory 113JlPil<3Tn
HCt<y, llOJIC 036!1Jbl!l! jy, 1<p11nmy.
•• n . :+:. llrtp<ltlMh. 0 Ut,-v....to~ •y.<iioy ""f J.vw...u c...w..... J7l - J&O. JU.
K}".>MU1Mh,,,,. ru., 2(M-20j.
" 8oi;IC"TM II. t<oea-M: .... h .o~.<h. 11 6- 111
====== 348======
4.

Kao w TO ce Mome e~eTll tt3 ceera AO caAa pe1.1ettor,

M1t11CHKO <ti ummomd i je CTBOPllO o611 Ma11 11, no MHOro
tJeMy, 3Ha<i.ajaH HaY'rnH on yc nocnchen uaw oj ttapo,n,ttoj
pem1rnj tt. Ott je y aemmoj Meptt n pow11p1to OKB11pe npo-
y4asa 1ba OBC npo6JICM3THl<C H BllWCCTpy1<0 o6oraTHO lbll-
0 l13 BOPHHUHMA .PAJ.i:OBA Y
XOB caAp>Ka j : npoy<mo je 11rnore, AO Ta,lla 11e11poy<-1Ctte OBOM 3 EOPHHKY
TeMC, npu1<ymm HOBY <t>aKTOrpaqrnj y, 113HCO '-IHTaB HH3
opurmta.JIHHX H;:teja, pa,ll,i!O Ha pa3ett j a1by nocrojehe MCTO-
AOnornj e. n ocpe,!UI je, IJ,3KJJC, .UCJIO KOje, ynpKOC ttanpe.rt 1. Oowlmu 11upa11ilup u cWpyKi#yf'<' btpohaiw y 1tcUi<NHOM gwy
113BCACHHM HCAOCTaLtHMa npe.ri:crae.n.a ea>t<aH .u.onpHHOC JyiO<:Aabujt, 36opHHM M anu 11.· cp11c1<c, Cqmja llPYUITbCHHX 11a-
n03HaoaJbY penHrnjc KHX cxear.ub3 11 pem1r11jc1<e npaKce y1<a, ce. 6, Hoot1 Can1951. 0
l. Tpa.,1111 KOIWJHUK y o6U'<QJ 11.11a u bepohal6UM<J cab$HMtHUX 6a/IK(U<-
j y>Ktt11x Cnoue11a, ,lleny Koje 33CJiy>t<yje na>KlbY 11 crp y'I - CKUX 1«1poga, Hay<ma 11311att.a Manu.~ cpncKe, Klb. IV, HmJMCa.n
1950.
3. Tpafobu fltpyooba KyJliilO. KOg Jy;,,cuux CAobtHo., rJM., M. C.,
lll, Capajcao 1948.
4. fl(XlJHUI< "°'4wio II KPtMt,.., 36opHllK ~iarnuc cpncHC, Hlb. J,
Hoe11Ca.n 1952.
5. Jo.prlM Kog Cp6a y .60110.iily, 36op111111 MaT1111c cpncKc, Ccp11ia
llPYWTBCllllX 11ay11a, CH. 8, Hom1 Can 1954
6. CUaAubaH>t Mpiilbux Kog Jy:Hem1x C,1obtuo., Pa.'l Boieolµ11c11ux
My:ieja VIII , Ho1l11 Can 1959.
7. 06u1Ulj 1<0.111<iilubHOf iilpajuof :HC<liMIW, [Hcrop11 jc1111 :iarmcn o,
ro)l. II , Klb. Ill II IV, ce. 1-6 II 1-3, UeTH- 1949.
8. f./obt"ob gboj1<u1< y 1«1fi'Of1"°"' ~,.~ ] y:HC1<ux Cwbt..a, Puom1
H ay•m or ;:ipyurma Ii11X, XXX, CapaJCBO 1966
9 . Mo.l)lsjcKD po.'6..jo~ cygoho, 36op11111< Marnuc cptlcHc, Ccp11 ja
;i.pywrnettHX 11ay11a, co. I, H<>Bn Can 1950.
10. flptuHU K iilpnuolW, .ET110Jlow1111 npcrncM, II , l>corpa.:l 1960.
11. Kym:U Uj>opoKo. ]tPfM'4t y iilpaguuµju J y;wcHux C,1obtuo, l'nacmu•
ETHorpat1>c11or 1111cr11Tyra Cpnc1<c aK3.11.e11111jc 11ay11a11 y... eT11ocn1,
Ktb. XI-XV (1962-1 966)
12. KyAiil CU. t~(J.H(). /lt~IJ.HCKOf 110. Ob~tM iiDAy, CHOllJbC 1937.
13. flpa lHUK Apmtjeb 111111 Ap11ujtb gau, 6orocno11.rhC, IX (XX IV),
CBCCKa l11 2,6corpa11 l %8.
 HADOMEHA YPE.L\HHKA

Y cry.1J.Hja111a MH11eu1<a C. Cl>1mHnoe11ha, HacranHM ec-

k HHOM nocne npyro r ceerc1<0r pan, 33XTCBJ.tMa caepe111e-
11or npasom;:ca npuna r OAHJHl CMO mfCatbe reorpa¢ic1<11x
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