Architectural history" redirects here. For the journal, see Architectural History (journal).

This article describes the history of building types and styles—what things were built. See History of
construction for the history of construction tools and techniques—how things were built.

This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key

points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead
to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the
article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (June
2020)

Reconstruction of the Acropolis and the Areopagus in Athens, painted by Leo von Klenze in 1846

The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions,

overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The branches of architecture are civil, sacred, naval, military,
[1]
 and landscape architecture.

Contents

 1Neolithic
 2Antiquity
o 2.1Ancient Mesopotamia
o 2.2Ancient Egyptian
o 2.3Ancient Greek
 2.3.1Pre-classical
 2.3.2Classical and Hellenist
o 2.4Etruscan
o 2.5Roman
o 2.6Persian
 3Islamic
 4Africa
 5Southern Asia
o 5.1Indian
o 5.2Buddhist
 6Southeast Asia
o 6.1Oc Eo Culture
o 6.2Cambodian (Khmer)
 o 6.3Indonesian
 7Oceanic
 8Eastern Asia
o 8.1Chinese
o 8.2Korean
o 8.3Japanese
 9Pre-Columbian
o 9.1Mesoamerican
o 9.2Inca
o 9.3Ancient of North America
 10Europe to 1600
o 10.1Medieval
 10.1.1Byzantine
 10.1.2Romanesque
 10.1.3Gothic
 10.1.4Russian
o 10.2Renaissance
 11European and colonial architecture
o 11.1Baroque
 11.1.1Rococo
o 11.2Return to Classicism: Neoclassicism
o 11.3Revivalism and Orientalism
o 11.4Beaux-Arts
o 11.5Colonial architecture
o 11.6Art Nouveau
o 11.7Early Modern
o 11.8Expressionist
o 11.9Art Deco
o 11.10International Style
o 11.11Contemporary
o 11.12Modern
o 11.13Critical regionalism
o 11.14Postmodern
o 11.15Deconstructivist
 12The 21st century
 13See also
 14Notes
 15References
 16Further reading
 17External links

Neolithic[edit]
Main article: Neolithic architecture

Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period. Although many dwellings belonging

to all prehistoric periods and also some clay models of dwellings have been uncovered enabling the
creation of faithful reconstructions, they seldom included elements that may relate them to art. Some
exceptions are provided by wall decorations and by finds that equally apply to Neolithic
and Chalcolithic rites and art.
In South and Southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10,000 BC, initially in
the Levant (Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B) and from there spread eastwards
and westwards. There are early Neolithic cultures in Southeast Anatolia, Syria and Iraq by 8000 BC,
and food-producing societies first appear in southeast Europe by 7000 BC, and Central Europe by c.
5500 BC (of which the earliest cultural complexes include the Starčevo-Koros
(Cris), Linearbandkeramic, and Vinča).[2][3][4][5]
Neolithic settlements and "cities" include:

 Göbekli Tepe in Turkey, ca. 9,000 BC

 Jericho in the Levant, Neolithic from around 8,350 BC, arising from the
earlier Epipaleolithic Natufian culture
 Nevali Cori in Turkey, ca. 8,000 BC
 Çatalhöyük in Turkey, 7,500 BC
 Mehrgarh in Pakistan, 7,000 BC
 Knap of Howar and Skara Brae, the Orkney Islands, Scotland, from 3,500 BC
 over 3,000 settlements of the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, some with populations up to 15,000
residents, flourished in present-day Romania, Moldova and Ukraine from 5,400–2,800 BC.