SCIENCE SHEET (LAST)

 ORIGIN OF LIFE
 BIBLICAL – divine creation/ special creation/ divine theory
 Created by Supernatural/ God
 SCIENTIFIC
 PANSPERMIA – evolve from heavenly bodies
 SPONTANEOUS ORIGIN – from non-living things
 BIOLOGY – came from the word “BIOS” means life, “LOGOS” means study
 ARISTOTLE – father of biology
 First scientist to study HEART & BRAIN
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LIVING ORGANISM ( CTOOOPCEB )
 CELL
 TISSUE
 ORGAN
 ORGAN SYSTEM
 ORGANISM
 POPULATION
 COMMUNITY
 ECOSYSTEM
 BIOSPHERE
 BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
 ZOOLOGY – animals
 BOTANY – plants
 CYTOLOGY – cells
 ROBERT HOOKE
 HISTOLOGY – tissues
 GENETICS – hereditary traits
 GREGOR MENDEL
 TAXONOMY – naming & classification of organisms
 CAROLOUS LINNAEUS
 BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
 ECOLOGY – relationship btween organisms & their environment
 MAMMALOGY – mammals
 ORNITHOLOGY – birds
 ICHTHYLOGY – fishes
 HERPETOLOGY – amphibians & reptiles
 ANATOMY – parts of organism
 MORPHOLOGY – forms
 PHYSIOLOGY – function
 CONCHOLOGY – shells
 PATHOLOGY – diseases
 AGRICULTURE – crops & livestock
 BIOTECHNOLOGY – to develop a new product
 BIOCHEMISTRY – deals with chemical process
 BIOPHYSICS – life through physics
  PALAEONTOLOGY – fossils remain
 ENTOMOLOGY – insects
 PRIMATOLOGY – primates
 VETERINARY SCIENCE – animal med
 EVOLUTION – origin of life
 CHARLES DARWIN – “ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION”
 ASTROBIOLOGY – outer space
 LIMNOLOGY – fresh water
 HELMINTHOLOGY – worms
 MARINE BIOLOGY – marine life
 MALACOLOGY – mollusks
 MYCOLOGY – fungi
 BACTERIOLOGY – bacteria
 MICROBIOLOGY – microorganism
 EMBROYOLOGY – embryo
 VIROLOGY – viruses
 PHYCOLOGY – algae
 PARASITOLOGY – parasites

DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid

MOLLUSKS – soft body

 Sometimes they have shells

 Mascular foot

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK – animalcules (tiny animals)

 Fther of MICROBIOLOGY & MICROSCOPY

METABOLISM – sum of all chemical reaction

CALORIE (cal.) – amnt of energy needed by the body

 1000 cal = 1kcal

 MONOSACCHARIDES C6H1206
 GLUCOSE – simplest sugar
 Also called DEXTROSE
 Instant source of energy
 FRUCTOSE – sweetest sugar
 Ripened fruit & honey
 “corn sugar”
 GALACTOSE – milk sugar
 Found in MAMMARY GLANDS OF LACTATING ANIMALS
 DISACCHARIDES C12H22011
 Composed of 2 monosaccharides unit
  MALTOSE – 1 glucose + 1 glucose
 SUCROSE - 1glucose + 1 fructose
 Table sugar
 LACTOSE – 1 glucose + 1 galactose
- least sweet sugar

 POLYSACCHARIDES – complex carbohydrates

 STARCH – component of plant & animal
 Polysaccharides stored in plnts
 Found in potatoes & cassavas
 GLYCOGEN – animal starch
 Formed by glucose molecules
 GLYCOGENESIS – glucose to glycogen
 GLYCOGENOLYSIS – glycogen to glucose
 CELLULOSE – form of complex carbs smiliar to starch
 CHITIN – polysaccharides similar to cellulose
 Important to exoskeleton of anthrpods

CHOLESTEROL – fat-like substance

PROTEIN – greek word, “PROTEOS” “of primeimportance/primary”

 Similar o carbs & lipids

 Needed for tissue growth & repair
 Play important role to chemical reax wthin cells
 AMINO ACIDS – basic unit of protein linked by PEPTIDE BONDS

NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS – needed by the body, needed not to be taken w/ food

 Histidine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, lysine

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS – cannot be produced, must be taken w/ food

 Alanine, arginine, serine, tyrosine, glycine

COMPLETE PROTEINS – animal proteins found in meat & eggs, supplies amino acids

INCOMPLETE PROTEINS – plant proteins, lack one or more of the essential amino acids

8 CLASSES OF PROTEINS

 STRUCTURAL PROTEINS – “organism structure

MAPEH SHEET

[ ARTS ]

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- JAPANESE ARTS
Shotuku Taishi- Buddhist prince
 Asoka Period- saw Buddhism taking root in Japan with the arrival of monks and
artists from China and Korea. Sculpture in wood and bronze development.
 Nara Period- Chinese cultural and artistic influence prevailed. The Japanese art
of lacquerware and mask making were encouraged.
 Heian Period- from the religious decoration of temples, artists now began to
produce portable painting. Poetry and literature in general flourished in this
period.
 Kamakura Period- This period showed Chinese influence especially in landscape.
Ceramics were also introduced and along with the increased production of
porcelain, the tea ceremony (chanoyu) was born.
 Momoyama Period- Began with the rule of the powerful Hideyoshi who ordered
the building of great castles and palaces w/ profuse ornamentation.
 Muromachi Period- A style in painting known as Yamato-e was introduced.
 Edo Period- Haiku became the representative poetic form of the period.

- IKEBANA- is the art of flower and plant arrangement in a vase. It was introduced in the 16 th
century. All Ikebana arrangements are imposed or irregular triangle. 2 KINDS OF IKEBANA:
MERIBANA (shallow container) NAGEIRE (tall vases). 3 LEVELS OF IKEBANA: SHIN (heaven) SOE
(man) TAL (earth).

- ORIGAMI- Japanese art of folding paper. Derived from the Japanese words “ori” which means to
fold and “gami” which means paper. 2 KINDS OF ORIGAMI: ORIGAMI USED IN CEREMONIAL
ETTIQUETTE & ORIGAMI COMPOSED OF BIRDS, ANIMALS, INSECTS, etc. AKIRA YOSHIZAWA
known as the greatest modern paper folder. Heron- long life. Frog- love & fertility.

 It can express kindness for the one giving origami as a gift.

 It indicates that from small and simple things one can be artistic.
 While making the origami, the maker feels peace in himself.

- MANGA- is the art of cartoon/caricature making. Japanese believed that drawing caricature
could drive bad spirit away. Started during 700’s to 800’s. Mangaka, manga artist.

- KOMIKKU- Japanese word for comics.

- CHANOYU- the art of the tea ceremony. It is a ritual that shows the Japanese outlook of the
world. During the ritual, the Japanese believed that the spirit of Chanoyu cleanse the five senses
of man from contamination. 4 PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN THE TEA CEREMONY: HARMONY,
REVERENCE, PURITY, TRANQUILITY.
[ HEALTH ]

 ILLEGAL PRESS
1. Stimulants- drugs that speed up the working of the nervous system. Cigarettes and Alcohol are gateway
drugs.
a. Shabu = poor mans cocaine
= ubas, bato.
b. Nicotine = tobacco
c. Cocaine = coca plant
= hole in the nasal septum.
= through shorting, injection.
d. Ecstasy = rich mans hug drugs\ party drugs.

2. Depressants- for hyper people.

3. Narcotics- relieves pain / include sleep.
a. Heroine, morphine = Morpeus
4. Halloucinogens- having hallucinations.
5. Marijuana- weeds, grass, dope, joint, mary jane.
-Cannabis Sativa L. plant
-hashish, pure extract.
-phantasmagoria.
 STROKE
1. Mainstream Stroke- the smoke directly inhaled through the burning cigarette by the smoker.
2. Secondhand Smoke / Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)- consists of exhaled mainstream smoke and
sidestream smoke.
3. Thirdhand smoke- consists if the tobacco residue from cigarettes, cigars, and other tobacco products
that are left behind after smoking.
 THE DIFFERENT NATIONAL LIQUORS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
1. PHILIPPINES = LAMBANOG
2. MEXICO = TEQUILA
3. SPAIN = SHERRY
4. JAPAN = SAKE
5. KOREA = SOJU
6. THAILAND = SATO
7. INDONESIA = ARRACK
8. ENGLAND = GIN
9. RUSSIA = VODKA
10. SCOTLAND = WHISKEY
11. USA = BOURBON
12. ITALY = GRAPPA
13. CHINA = MONTAI