Kinetic Friction 9.

8meters/Sec 2

Forces Acting On
w= mg Objects e w to ns
N

Moving and Stopping Mechanisms

f= ma
 Nature of Mass
Mass is a Fundamental Property of Matter

1,000 Cubic
Centimeters of Water
= 1 Kilogram
Mass
 Gravity is force that
causes all objects
(matter) to accelerate
towards each other

At a constant rate and

with a force proportional
to their Mass
View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17. Probably the most requested
picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts as they left
earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972, it was the frst time that the
trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view of the south pole.
 Objects on the Earth’s
Surface accelerate
down at a rate =

9.8 Meters per Second2

View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17. Probably the most requested
picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo 17 astronauts as they left
earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972, it was the frst time that the
trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view of the south pole.
 All Objects (Matter) Exert a
Gravitational Force On One Another
Proportional to Their Mass

Gravity is the Weakest

of the 4 Natural
Forces
 Weight
Gravity’s Effect on Mass
Weight = Mass x Acceleration of Gravity

W(Newtons) = m (kg) g(Meters/Sec )

2

9.8 (Newtons) =1 (kg) 9.8(Meters/Sec ) 2

Weight is a Force measured in Newtons

Magnitude: Relative to the Mass
Direction: Center of the Earth
Weight is a Force Caused
by Gravity Acting on the N
Mass of an Object

F fs
M1

Spring Scale
W= mg
(W) Weight = 5 kg or 49 Newtons
Weight = Mass x Gravity
49 Newtons = 5kg x 9.8m/s/s
Newton Provided Insights Into
the Nature of Forces

Stamp Issued by Germany on Jan. 14, 1993,

on his 350th birthday
Image Courtesy of University of St.Andrews, Turnbull Server
Let’s Look at a Pair of Balanced Forces
Acting on a Robot Resting on the Floor
The Force of Gravity The Chassis is undergoing an
Acts to Accelerate This Acceleration, but it is Not
Moving
Chassis Towards the
Earth’s Center

Because the
Floor Pushes
Up with the
SAME Force
 Newton’s 1st Law
An object with no net force acting on it moves
with constant velocity.
Force: 20 Newtons Force: 20 Newtons
Velocity = 0

Same Force in Opposite Directions

There is no NET force on the system and the
machines remain stationary
 Newton’s 2nd Law
The acceleration of a body is directly
proportional to the net force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass.
Tractive Force = 20 Newtons
Acceleration = 4 meters/sec2

Robot Mass = 5 Kilograms

Force = Mass x Acceleration

20N = 5kg x 4m/s2
 Newton’s 2cd Law
Build Newton’s Cart using the Mass
GEARS-IDS components and
experiment with Newton’s
second law

a r t
w to n’s C
Ne ra t io n
l e
l l e y a ss a ac ce
Pu
= m m

Force f fo rce
Experiment with
masses and forces, and their
affect on acceleration
 Using Newton’s Cart
1.) Set the System Up on a High
Flat Table
2.) Connect a Masons String
from the Cart Through the rt
Ca
Pulley

3.) Attach a Weight (Force) to the

end of the Pulley Side of the Line
4.) Place a Known Mass on the
Cart
5.) Allow the Weight to Drop and
l l ey Time the Speed of the Cart Over a
Pu
Known Distance
Note: Separate the Cart and Pulley by 2x
Table Height
Calculate the Acceleration of the Cart

D
Ca     2 T
T 
Where:
Ca= Acceleration of the Cart in meters/sec/sec
D = Distance Covered in meters
T = Time in seconds
 Newton’s Third Law
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the
second exerts a force on the first that is equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction.
Floor Board Rests Robot Momentum = mass x velocity
on Frictionless Robot Momentum = 5 kg x 15 mps = 75
Bearing

Floor Momentum = mass x velocity

Floor Momentum = 15 kg x 5 mps = 75
The rotating wheels push against the
floor and propel the robot forward and
the floor backwards
The End