Introduction on

IS 1893 (Part-1) : 2002

Dr. S. K. Prasad
Professor of Civil Engineering
S. J. College of Engineering, Mysore
prasad_s_k@hotmail.com
Revised IS Code for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures
IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002
INDIAN STANDARDS FOR EARTHQUAKE DESIGN

IS : 1893 – 2002 Criteria For Earthquake Design of

Structures
IS : 4326 – 1976 Code Of Practice For Earthquake
Resistant Design And Construction
of Buildings
IS : 13920 – 1993 Code Of Practice For Ductile Detailing
Of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Subjected To Seismic Forces
SP: 22 Explanatory Handbook on Codes For
Earthquake Engineering
 Different Parts of IS:1893
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings

Part 2 Liquid Retaining Tanks– Elevated

and Ground Supported
Part 3 Bridges and Retaining Walls

Part 4 Industrial Structures Including

Stack Like Structures
Part 5 Dams and Embankments
 What does IS:1893 Cover?
1. Specifies Seismic Design Force

2. Seismic requirements for Design,

Detailing and Construction are covered
in other codes, e.g., IS:4326, IS:13920,

3. For an Earthquake Resistant Structure,

one has to follow IS:1893 (Part-1)
together with Seismic Design and
Detailing Codes.
Seismic Zonation of India
 Zone Factors for Indian Cities
City Zone Factor City Zone Factor

Mysuru II 0.10 Bhuj V 0.36

Bangalore II 0.10 Port Blair V 0.36

Delhi IV 0.24 Srinagar V 0.36

Mangalore III 0.16 Roorkee IV 0.24

Ahmadabad III 0.16 Gulbarga III 0.16

Mumbai III 0.16 Bijapur III 0.16

Kolkata III 0.16 Goa III 0.16

Belgaum III 0.16 Chennai III 0.16

Dharwad III 0.16 Kochi III 0.16

Seismic Hazard & Zone Factor

Zone Shaking Zone Factor

Intensity (Z)
II VI (and Lower) 0.10
Low
III VII 0.16
Moderate
IV VIII 0.24
Severe
V IX 0.36
Catastrophic
MAGNITUDES OF PAST EARTHQUAKES
S Year Earthquake Magnitude
No
1 1897 Assam earthquake 8.7
2 1938 Bihar – Nepal earthquake 8.4
3 1950 Assam – Tibet earthquake 8.7
4 1967 Koyna earthquake 6.5
5 1988 Bihar – Nepal earthquake 6.6
6 1991 Uttarkashi earthquake 6.6
7 1993 Latur earthquake 6.4
8 1997 Jabalpur earthquake 6.0
9 1999 Chamoli (UP) earthquake 6.8
10 2001 Bhuj (Gujarat) earthquake 7.9
 Major modifications
1. Zone I is merged with Zone II.
2. Values of seismic zone factors are
changed considering MCE & service life of
structure.
3. Response spectra are specified for THREE
types of soils - Rock & Hard Soil, Medium
Soil and Soft Soil.
4. Empirical equations for time period of multi
storeyed buildings is revised.
Assumptions in IS 1893 – Part 1
1. Resonance will not occur during
earthquake as the force is random &
impulsive, not steady state.
2. Earthquake does not occur
simultaneously with maximum wind,
flood or sea wave.
3. Static properties (modulii, strength
etc.) represent behavior during
earthquake.
 Load Combinations
• Steel Structures
– 1.7(DL + LL)
– 1.7(DL ± EL)
– 1.3(DL + LL ± EL)
• RCC and PSC Structures
– 1.5(DL + LL)
– 1.2(DL + LL ± EL)
– 1.5(DL ± EL)
– 0.9DL ± 1.5EL
• Combination for 3 component motion
– ±ELx±0.3ELy±0.3Elz
– ±ELy±0.3ELz±0.3Elx
– ±ELz±0.3ELx±0.3Ely
BASIS OF SEISMIC COEFFICIENT METHOD

VB = ma
VB = (W/g) a
VB = W (a/g)
VB = W Ah
Ah= Basic horizontal seismic coefficient
VB= Base shear
W = Total weight of the structure
a = Acceleration induced at the base during
earthquake
g = Acceleration due to gravity
 CALCULATION OF SEISMIC FORCE

VB  AhW
Zone factor Z is for MCE
Z Sa I For DBE, it is Z/2
Ah  . .
2 g R
• Z=Zone Factor
• Ss/g = Spectral Acceleration taken from
Response Spectrum
• I= Importance Factor
• R=Ductility/Over-Strength Reduction
Factor
Table 3 : Multiplication factor for Sa/g at other dampings

Damping 0 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30
percentage
Factors 3.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.55 0.5

Table 6 : Importance Factor, I

Sl Structure Importance
No Factor
1 Service, Community & Emergency
Buildings (Hospital, School, Monument,
Telephone exchange, Television / Radio 1.5
Station, Fire station, Railway station,
cinema hall, power station etc)
2 All other buildings 1.0
Table 7 : Response Reduction Factor, R for Building Systems

Sl Lateral Load Resisting System R

No
1 Ordinary RC Moment Resisting building Frame (OMRF) 3
2 Special RC Moment Resisting building Frame (SMRF) 5
3 Steel frame with concentric braces 4
4 Steel frame with eccentric braces 5
5 Steel moment resisting frame designed as per SP6 5
6 Load bearing unreinforced masonry wall building 1.5
7 Load bearing masonry wall building with reinforced horizontal 2.5
band
8 Load bearing masonry wall building with reinforced horizontal 3
band & vertical bars at corner
9 Ordinary shear wall with OMRF 3
10 Ordinary shear wall with SMRF 4
11 Ductile shear wall with OMRF 4.5
12 Ductile shear wall with SMRF 5
Response spectra for different soil types at 5 % Damping
For Hard Soil Sa/g = 1+15T when 0≤T≤0.1
For Hard Soil Sa/g = 2.5 when 0.1≤T≤0.4
For Hard Soil Sa/g = 1/T when 0.4≤T≤4

For Medium Soil Sa/g = 1+15T when 0≤T≤0.1

For Medium Soil Sa/g = 2.5 when 0.1≤T≤0.4
For Medium Soil Sa/g = 1.36/T when 0.4≤T≤4
For Soft Soil Sa/g = 1+15T when 0≤T≤0.1
For Soft Soil Sa/g = 2.5 when 0.1≤T≤0.4
For Soft Soil Sa/g = 1.67/T when 0.4≤T≤4
Fundamental Natural Period
Sl No Description Natural Period (s)
1 R C frame buildings 0.075 h0.75
2 Steel frame buildings 0.085 h0.75
3 Other buildings (eg masonry) 0.09h/√d
4 Earth embankments 2.9H/Vs
 Response Spectrum IS : 1893 :2002

2.5
Rock or Hard Soil
Medium Soil
2.0 Soft Soil

1.5 VB  AhW
Sa/g

1.0 Z Sa I
Ah  . .
2 g R
0.5
Time Period (secs)
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5

Structural Response Factor, Sa/g

DAMPING FOR DIFFERENT STRUCTURES

Type of Structure Damping

Ratio
Steel structure 2 - 5%
Concrete structure 5 - 10%
Brick structure 5 - 10%
Timber structure 2 - 5%
Earthen structure 10 - 30%
Comprehensive Intensity Scale (MSK 64)

• Type of Structures
– Type A (Rural low quality houses)
– Type B (Ordinary Brick houses)
– Type C (R C Buildings)
• Quantity Definition
– Single, Few 5 %
– Many 50 %
– Most 75 %
Comprehensive Intensity Scale (MSK 64)

• Classification of Building Damage

– Grade 1 (Slight Damage)
– Grade 2 (Moderate Damage)
– Grade 3 (Heavy Damage)
– Grade 4 (Destructive Damage)
– Grade 5 (Total Damage)

• Intensity Scale (M M Scale)

– I to XII
Intensity of Earthquake – Modified Mercalli’s Scale

I Insignificant Only detected by instruments

Felt by sensitive persons, Oscillation of hanging
II Very Light
objects
III Light Small vibratory motion
Felt inside building, Noise produced by moving
IV Moderate
objects
V Slightly Strong Felt by most persons, some panic, minor damages

VI Strong Damage to non seismic resistant structures

VII Very Strong People panic, serious damage to poor construction

VIII Destructive Serious damage to structures in general

Serious damage to well built structures, almost total
IX Ruinous
destruction of non-seismic resistant structures
X Disastrous Only seismic resistant structures remain standing
Disastrous in General Panic, almost total destruction, ground
XI
Extreme cracks & opens
XII Catastrophic Total destruction
 Ground
conditions
Distribution of design force at different floors

Qi = Design lateral force at floor i

Wi = Seismic weight of floor i
hi = Height of floor i measured from base
N = Number of storeys in the building
VB = Design Base shear
 It is impossible to stop or predict
earthquake. As engineers, let us all
unite and move forward & work for
reducing calamities due to natural
and man made hazards