HIGH NATIONAL DIPLOMA EXAMINATION 2015 SESSION

OPTION: MANAGEMENT OF FARM ENTERPRISE

Agronomy and animal science
Part one: agronomy
Cultivated plant belong essentially to the angiosperm family, the family of flowering plant. Monocots
and dicots are the two subfamily of this family. Successful cultivation of crops of this family can be
achieve through the mastering of the structure and function of these crops:

1. Compare the structure of the seeds of monocots to those of dicots.

2. What is the function of the following part of the embryo of the monocot seeds:
a) Endosperm
b) Coleoptile
c) Mesocotyl
3. In germinated rice and bean seed , study the development of the plumule and radicle
4. Dicot plants exhibit primary and secondary growth, give the meaning of these terms and explain
how these two growths occur in plant.
5. Explain why secondary growth does not occur in monocot plants.

Animal science

1. What are the criteria which affect quality of birds and the needs in quality?
2. Draw the diagram of factor that influence bird performance.
3. The role of energy in the feed and its sources
4. What are the system of rearing cattle?
5. Draw the diagram of energetic transformation in the animal organism

Answer guide

1. The seed of monocots comprises three parts: pericarp, endosperm and embryo

That of dicots comprises only two part: the pericarp and the embryo

In the monocot seed the reserve food is in the endosperm while in the dicots the reserve food is in the
cotyledons

Monocot have one cotyledon while the dicots have two cotyledons

2. Function of:
 Endosperm: reserve food in monocots
 Coleoptile: this structure is found in monocot and protect the plumule as it comes out
during germination
  Mesocotyl: this structure is formed only id the seeds are placed too deep in the soil. It
pushes the coleoptile toward the surface of the soil.
3. In germinated rice and bean the plumule and radicle develop as follows
 The plumule in rice is protected by a structure called coleoptile and it comes out as the
first leaf whereas in bean the cotyledons come out first and the plumule develop later.
 The radicle in rice develop into a primary root which dies later when adventitious
roots are produced whereas in bean it becomes a tap root.
4. Primary growth in dicot is the growth in height. It is carried out by the apical meristem.
The secondary growth is the growth in diameter, for example of the stem and this is carried
out by the lateral meristem or cambium.
5. In monocots there is no cambium and secondary growth cannot occur.

Part tw o: animal science

1. The criteria which affect quality of birds are: life weight, egg production, and state of animal
health.
The needs in quality of birds are: water, energy, proteins, minerals and vitamins.
2. Diagram of factors that influence bird performance:

Genetic potential
Optimal egg production Prevention of infectious diseases

Optimal performance

Optimal management
Optimal nutrition

3. The role of energy is to produce meat, milk, eggs, to preserve functional and vital activities of
the animal. The sources of energy are: corn, sorghum, millet, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes,
yam, banana, leaves of plantains, and their by-products
 4. The systems of rearing cattle are as follows
 Zero grazing system
 Extensive system
 Semi extensive system
 Intensive system
 Integrated system (livestock-crops)
5. Diagram of energy transformation in the animal organism.

Chemical energy (via feed )

Animal

Chemical energy mechanical energy

(feaces, urine, sncat biogas) thermal energy Labour

(heat)