Fluid Machinery

Introduction
Text and Reference Books
› TextBooks:
– S.M.Yahya, Turbines, Compressors & Fans, TMH 2nd edition
(2002).
– G I Ingram, Basic Turbomachinery

› Reference Books:
– Dixon and Lewis, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of
Turbomachinery, 4th Edition
Syllabus
Syllabus
Syllabus
Introduction
Introduction to Turbomachinery
Turbomachine - Definition
Turbomachine - Classification
Turbomachine - Classification
› 1. Those that absorb power to increase the fluid pressure or head called power absorbing
type turbomachines. In these type machines the energy transfer occurs from rotor to the
fluid. These machines possess input shaft.
› e.g. Ducted fans, compressor sand pumps etc.
› 2. Those that produce power by expanding the fluid to a lower pressure or head called
power generating type turbomachines. In these type machines the energy transfer occurs
from the continuously flowing fluid to the rotor. These machines possess output shaft.
› e.g. Hydraulic turbines, Steam turbines, gas turbines.
› 3. Those machines that transfer mechanical energy from one shaft to another, resulting
in a change of speed and change of torque called power transmitting turbomachines.
These machines possess both input and output shafts.
› e.g. Fluid couplings and torque converters used for power transmission in automobiles,
trucks etc.
Power Absorbing Turbomachines
Power Producing Turbomachines
› Twice as big as an Airbus A380 turbine, the steam-turbine rotor being
manufactured in Siemens’Mülheim an der Ruhr factory is the biggest and
heaviest in the world
Principal Components of a Turbomachine
› A vane carrying rotating
element called rotor or
Impeller or runner.
› A stationery element or
elements.
› An input or/and output
shaft.
› A housing
Parts of a centrif blower (e.g.)
Axial Fan/blower
Centrifugal Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor
Centrif Compressor Types
Centrif Specs
Radial Turbine
Radial Turbine
Radial Turbine Components
Radial Turbine Specs
Turbocharger
Parts of a Turbocharger
Typical Turbocharger Specs

The cross-sectional Area to Radius ratio is a consequence of our desire to turn linear energy (the exhaust gasses coming out of the
manifold) into radial energy (we need to spin those little wheels). We need something that strongly resembles a funnel that has
been stretched and twisted into a spiral.
For example, look at the exhaust inlet: this is a relatively large fitting that accepts all of the exhaust gasses. As the piping spirals
into where the turbine wheel waits, the radius of each turn decreases. In order to preserve smooth flow, the cross-sectional area
of that piping also decreases at a rate proportional to the decrease in area. The result is a constant A/R ratio.
Axial Compressor
Single Stage Axial Compressor
Multi Stage Axial Compressor
Multi Stage Axial Compressor

Rolls Royce - ALLISON 250 C-20 six-stage axial compressor

Transonic vs Subsonic Compressor
Axial Compressor Specification
Axial Turbine
Axial Turbine
Multistage Axial Turbine

429-MW gas turbine (GE 9HA.01)

Multistage Axial Turbine
› A series of stages form multistage turbine.
› The energy transfer in a stage is limited by the blade
speed.
› If more energy transfer per unit mass is required, then a
greater number of stages are arranged one after the
other.
Axial Turbine Specification